This is a modern-English version of Beethoven's Letters 1790-1826, Volume 2, originally written by Beethoven, Ludwig van. It has been thoroughly updated, including changes to sentence structure, words, spelling, and grammar—to ensure clarity for contemporary readers, while preserving the original spirit and nuance. If you click on a paragraph, you will see the original text that we modified, and you can toggle between the two versions.

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BEETHOVEN'S LETTERS.

(1790-1826.)

(1790-1826)

FROM THE COLLECTION OF DR. LUDWIG NOHL.

ALSO HIS

LETTERS TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH, CARDINAL-ARCHBISHOP
OF OLMÜTZ, K.W., FROM THE COLLECTION OF DR.
LUDWIG RITTER VON KÖCHEL.

LETTERS TO ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH, CARDINAL-ARCHBISHOP
OF OLMÜTZ, K.W., FROM THE COLLECTION OF DR.
LUDWIG RITTER VON KÖCHEL.

TRANSLATED BY
LADY WALLACE.

WITH A PORTRAIT AND FAC-SIMILE.

WITH A PORTRAIT AND REPLICA.

IN TWO VOLUMES.

IN 2 VOLUMES.

VOL. II.

VOL. 2.

BOSTON:
OLIVER DITSON & CO., 277 WASHINGTON STREET.
NEW YORK: C.H. DITSON & CO.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME II.

SECOND PART.

LIFE'S MISSION.
1815-1822.
(Continued.)

To Steiner & Co.
To the Same
To Tobias Haslinger
To the Same
To Baroness Dorothea von Ertmann
To Zmeskall
To Steiner & Co.
To G. del Rio
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To Czerny
To the Same
To the Same
To Zmeskall
To G. del Rio
To Frau von Streicher
To the Same
To the Same
To F. Ries, London
To Zmeskall
To the Same
To Frau von Streicher
To G. del. Rio
To Zmeskall
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To Frau von Streicher
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Archduke Rudolph
To G. del Rio
To the Same
To the Archduke Rudolph
To G. del Rio
To the Same
To Czerny
To F. Ries, London
To the Rechnungsrath Vincenz Hauschka
To the Archduke Rudolph
To the Same
To Ferdinand Ries
To the Same
To the Same
To the Philharmonic Society in Laibach
To Ferdinand Ries, London
To the Archduke Rudolph
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To Herr Blöchlinger
Canon on Herr Schlesinger
To Artaria, Vienna
A Sketch by Beethoven
To Artaria
Petition to the Magistracy
To F. Ries, London
To the Archduke Rudolph
Memorandum
To the Archduke Rudolph
To the Same
To the Royal and Imperial High Court of Appeal
To the Archduke Rudolph
Testimonial in favor of Herr von Kandeler
To Theodore Amadeus Hoffmann
To Haslinger
To the Same
To the Archduke Rudolph
To the Same
To Artaria & Co.
To Bolderini
To the Archduke Rudolph
To Artaria & Co.
To Haslinger
To the Archduke Rudolph
To the Same
To Steiner & Co.
To a Friend
To the Archduke Rudolph
To F. Ries, London
To Herren Peters & Co., Leipzig
To the Same
To the Same
To Artaria
To Herr Peters, Leipzig
To the Archduke Rudolph
To Herr Peters, Leipzig
To F. Ries, London
To Ignaz Ritter von Seyfried

THIRD PART.

LIFE'S TROUBLES AND CLOSE
1823-1827.

To Zelter
To F. Ries, London
To Schindler
To the Same
To Herr Kind
To Cherubini
To Schindler
To Herr Peters, Leipzig
To Zelter
To the Archduke Rudolph
To Schindler
To F. Ries, London
To Herr Lissner, Petersburg
To Schindler
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Archduke Rudolph
To Schindler
To Pilat, editor of the "Austrian Observer"
To Schindler
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Archduke Rudolph
To F. Ries
To Herr von Könneritz
To Herr von Könneritz
To Schindler
To his Nephew
To the Archduke Rudolph
To the Same
To the Same
To F. Ries, London
To the Same
To the Archduke Rudolph
To the Same
To Schindler
To the Same
To the Same
To Herr Grillparzer
To Herr Probst, Leipzig
To Schindler
To Herr von Rzehatschek
To Prince Trautmannsdorf
To Count Moritz Lichnowsky
To Herr Schuppanzigh
To Schindler
To Herr von Sartorius
To Schindler
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To Steiner & Co
To Haslinger
To Steiner & Co
To Haslinger
To the Same
To the Same
To M. Diabelli
To Herr Probst, Leipzig
To Haslinger
To Herr Schott, Mayence
To the Archduke Rudolph
To his Nephew
To Herr Peters
To Hans Georg Nägeli, Zurich
To his Nephew
To Herr Nägeli
To Herr Schott, Mayence
To Hauschka
To Herr Nägeli, Zurich
To the Archduke Rudolph
To Herr Schott, Mayence
To Carl Holz
To the Same
To Herr Schott, Mayence
To Friends
To Schindler
To Linke
To * * *
To F. Ries
To Herr Jenger, Vienna
To Schott
To Ludwig Rellstab
To * * *
To his brother Johann
To Herr von Schlemmer
To his Nephew
To the Same
To Dr. Braunhofer
To his Nephew
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To his Nephew
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To his brother Johann, Gneixendorf
To his Nephew
To the Same
To the Same
To his Copyist
To his Nephew
To the Same
To Zmeskall
To Herr Friedrich Kuhlau
To his Nephew
To the Same
To Herr von Schlesinger
To his Nephew
To the Same
To the Same
To the Same
To the Abbé Maximilian Stadler
To Gottfried Weber
To Herr Probst, Leipzig
To Stephan von Breuning
To the Same
To the Same
Testimonial for C. Holz
To C. Holz
To the King of Prussia
To Wegeler
To Tobias Haslinger
To the Same
To Carl Holz
To Dr. Bach
To Wegeler
To Sir George Smart, London
To Herr Moscheles
To Schindler
To Baron von Pasqualati
To the Same
To Sir George Smart, London
To Baron von Pasqualati
To the Same
To Herr Moscheles
To Schindler
To Herr Moscheles
Codicil

BEETHOVEN'S LETTERS.

216.
TO STEINER & CO.

The Adjutant's innocence is admitted, and there is an end of it!

The Adjutant's innocence is acknowledged, and that's that!

We beg you to be so good as to send us two copies in score of the Symphony in A. We likewise wish to know when we may expect a copy of the Sonata for Baroness von Ertmann, as she leaves this, most probably, the day after to-morrow.

We kindly ask you to send us two score copies of the Symphony in A. We also want to know when we can expect a copy of the Sonata for Baroness von Ertmann, as she will likely be leaving the day after tomorrow.

No. 3--I mean the enclosed note--is from a musical friend in Silesia, not a rich man, for whom I have frequently had my scores written out. He wishes to have these works of Mozart in his library; as my servant, however, has the good fortune, by the grace of God, to be one of the greatest blockheads in the world (which is saying a good deal), I cannot make use of him for this purpose. Be so kind therefore as to send to Herr ---- (for the Generalissimus can have no dealings with a petty tradesman), and desire him to write down the price of each work and send it to me with my two scores in A, and also an answer to my injunction about Ertmann, as early to-day as you can (presto, prestissimo!)--nota bene, the finale to be a march in double-quick time. I recommend the best execution of these orders, so that no further obstacle may intervene to my recovery.

No. 3—I mean the enclosed note—is from a musical friend in Silesia, who isn't wealthy and for whom I've often had my scores copied. He wants to add these works of Mozart to his library; however, since my servant happens to be, by the grace of God, one of the biggest fools in the world (which is saying a lot), I can't rely on him for this task. So, please be kind enough to send to Herr ---- (since the Generalissimus won’t deal with a small tradesman), and ask him to write down the price of each work and send it to me along with my two scores in A, as well as a response to my request about Ertmann, as soon as possible today (presto, prestissimo!)—nota bene, the finale should be a march in double-quick time. I urge you to ensure these orders are carried out well, so that no more obstacles arise in my recovery.

L. VAN BEETHOVEN,
The best generalissimus for the good,
But the devil himself for the bad!

L. VAN BEETHOVEN,
The best generalissimus for the good,
But a total nightmare for the bad!

217.
TO STEINER.

The Lieutenant-General is requested to send his Diabolum, that I may tell him myself my opinion of the "Battle," which is printed in the vilest manner. There is much to be altered.

The Lieutenant-General is asked to send his Diabolum so I can express my thoughts on the "Battle," which is printed in the worst way possible. There’s a lot that needs to be changed.

THE G----S.

THE GANG.

218.
TO TOBIAS HASLINGER.

MY GOOD ADJUTANT,--

MY GOOD ASSISTANT,--

Best of all little fellows! Do see again about that house, and get it for me. I am very anxious also to procure the treatise on education. It is of some importance to me to be able to compare my own opinions on this subject with those of others, and thus still further improve them. As for our juvenile Adjutant, I think I shall soon have hit on the right system for his education. Your

Best of all, my little friends! Please check on that house again and get it for me. I’m also really eager to get the treatise on education. It's important for me to compare my views on this topic with others to improve them further. As for our young Adjutant, I think I’ll soon figure out the best way to educate him. Your

CONTRA FA,
Manu propria.

CONTRA FA,
Self-signed.

219.
TO THE HIGH-BORN HERR HASLINGER, HONORARY MEMBER OF THE HÖFEN GRABENS AND PATER NOSTER GÄSSCHEN.

BEST OF ALL PRINTERS AND ENGRAVERS,--

Be kinder than kind, and throw off a hundred impressions of the accompanying small plate.^[1] I will repay you threefold and fourfold. Farewell!

Be kinder than kind, and let go of a hundred impressions of the small plate you’re carrying.^[1] I will repay you three times as much or even more. Goodbye!

Your

BEETHOVEN.

Beethoven.

[Footnote 1: This is possibly the humorous visiting-card that Beethoven sometimes sent to his friends, with the inscription Wir bleiben die Alten ("We are the same as ever"), and on reversing the card, a couple of asses stared them in the face! Frau Eyloff told me of a similar card that her brother Schindler once got from Beethoven on a New Year's day.]

[Footnote 1: This might be the funny calling card that Beethoven sometimes sent to his friends, with the phrase Wir bleiben die Alten ("We are the same as ever"), and when you flipped the card over, a couple of donkeys appeared! Frau Eyloff told me about a similar card that her brother Schindler once received from Beethoven on New Year's Day.]

220.
TO BARONESS DOROTHEA VON ERTMANN.^[1]

Feb. 23, 1817.

Feb 23, 1817.

MY DEAR AND VALUED DOROTHEA CECILIA,--

You have no doubt often misjudged me, from my apparently forbidding manner; much of this arose from circumstances, especially in earlier days, when my nature was less understood than at present. You know the manifestations of those self-elected apostles who promote their interests by means very different from those of the true Gospel. I did not wish to be included in that number. Receive now what has been long intended for you,^[2] and may it serve as a proof of my admiration of your artistic talent, and likewise of yourself! My not having heard you recently at Cz---- [Czerny's] was owing to indisposition, which at last appears to be giving way to returning health.

You’ve probably misjudged me often because of my seemingly stern demeanor; a lot of this stems from circumstances, especially in the past when my true nature was less understood than it is now. You're aware of those self-proclaimed leaders who look out for their own interests in ways that are very different from the true Gospel. I never wanted to be associated with them. Now, here’s what I’ve been meaning to share with you,^[2] and I hope it serves as a testament to my admiration for your artistic talent and for you as a person! The reason I haven’t heard you lately at Cz---- [Czerny's] is due to being unwell, but I’m finally starting to feel better.

I hope soon to hear how you get on at St. Polten [where her husband's regiment was at that time quartered], and whether you still think of your admirer and friend,

I hope to hear soon how things are going for you at St. Polten [where her husband's regiment was stationed at that time], and if you still think about your admirer and friend,

L. VAN BEETHOVEN.

Ludwig van Beethoven.

My kindest regards to your excellent husband.

My warmest regards to your wonderful husband.

[Footnote 1: It was admitted that she played Beethoven's compositions with the most admirable taste and feeling. Mendelssohn thought so in 1830 at Milan, and mentions it in his Letters from Italy and Switzerland.]

[Footnote 1: It was acknowledged that she played Beethoven's music with exceptional taste and emotion. Mendelssohn felt this way in 1830 in Milan and notes it in his Letters from Italy and Switzerland.]

[Footnote 2: Undoubtedly the Sonata dedicated to her, Op. 101.]

[Footnote 2: Clearly the Sonata dedicated to her, Op. 101.]

221.
TO ZMESKALL.

DEAR Z.,--

DEAR Z.,—

I introduce to your notice the bearer of this, young Bocklet, who is a very clever violin-player. If you can be of any service to him through your acquaintances, do your best for him, especially as he is warmly recommended to me from Prague.^[1]

I would like to introduce you to the person holding this note, young Bocklet, who is a talented violinist. If you can help him through your connections, please do your best for him, especially since he comes highly recommended to me from Prague.^[1]

As ever, your true friend,

As always, your true friend,

BEETHOVEN.

Beethoven.

[Footnote 1: Carl Maria Bocklet, a well-known and distinguished pianist in Vienna. He told me himself that he came for the first time to Vienna in 1817, where he stayed six weeks. On April 8th he gave a violin concert in the Kleine Redoutensaale. He brought a letter of introduction to Beethoven, from his friend Dr. Berger in Prague.]

[Footnote 1: Carl Maria Bocklet, a renowned and distinguished pianist in Vienna. He told me personally that he first came to Vienna in 1817, where he stayed for six weeks. On April 8th, he performed a violin concert in the Kleine Redoutensaale. He had a letter of introduction to Beethoven from his friend Dr. Berger in Prague.]

222.
TO STEINER & CO.

The Lieutenant-General is desired to afford all aid and help to the young artist Bocklet from Prague. He is the bearer of this note, and a virtuoso on the violin. We hope that our command will be obeyed, especially as we subscribe ourselves, with the most vehement regard, your

The Lieutenant-General is asked to provide all support and assistance to the young artist Bocklet from Prague. He is carrying this note and is a talented violinist. We trust that our request will be honored, especially since we sign ourselves, with the utmost respect, your

GENERALISSIMUS.

223.
TO G. DEL RIO.

I only yesterday read your letter attentively at home. I am prepared to give up Carl to you at any moment, although I think it best not to do so till after the examination on Monday; but I will send him sooner if you wish it. At all events it would be advisable afterwards to remove him from here, and to send him to Mölk, or some place where he will neither see nor hear anything more of his abominable mother. When he is in the midst of strangers, he will meet with less support, and find that he can only gain the love and esteem of others by his own merits.

I read your letter carefully at home just yesterday. I'm ready to hand over Carl to you at any time, although I think it's best to wait until after the exam on Monday; however, I can send him sooner if you prefer. In any case, it would be wise to move him from here afterward and send him to Mölk or somewhere he won't see or hear anything more about his awful mother. When he's around strangers, he will have less support and will realize that he can only earn the love and respect of others through his own efforts.

In haste, your
BEETHOVEN.

In a rush, your
BEETHOVEN.

224.
TO G. DEL RIO.

I request you, my dear friend, to inquire whether in any of the houses in your vicinity there are lodgings to be had at Michaelmas, consisting of a few rooms. You must not fail to do this for me to-day or to-morrow.

I ask you, my dear friend, to check if there are any places available to rent around your area at Michaelmas, with a few rooms. You must make sure to do this for me today or tomorrow.

Your friend,
L. VAN BEETHOVEN.

P.S.--N.B. Though I would gladly profit by your kind offer of living in your garden-house, various circumstances render this impossible. My kind regards to all your family.

P.S.--N.B. Although I would happily take you up on your generous offer to stay in your garden house, several factors make this unfeasible. Please give my best to your whole family.

225.
TO G. DEL RIO.

HOUSE OF GIANNATASIO!--

GIANNATASIO HOUSE!--

The treatise on the piano is a general one,--that is, it is a kind of compendium. Besides, I am pleased with the Swiss [probably Weber, a young musician who had been recommended to him], but the "Guaden" is no longer the fashion.

The treatise on the piano is a general overview—it’s basically a summary. Also, I'm happy with the Swiss [probably Weber, a young musician who had been recommended to him], but the "Guaden" is out of style now.

In haste, the devoted servant and friend of the Giannatasio family,

In a hurry, the loyal servant and friend of the Giannatasio family,

BEETHOVEN.

Beethoven.

226.
TO G. DEL RIO.

You herewith receive through Carl, my dear friend, the ensuing quarter due to you. I beg you will attend more to the cultivation of his feelings and kindness of heart, as the latter in particular is the lever of all that is good; and no matter how a man's kindly feeling may be ridiculed or depreciated, still our greatest authors, such as Goethe and others, consider it an admirable quality; indeed, many maintain that without it no man can ever be very distinguished, nor can any depth of character exist.

You are receiving the next quarter due to you through my dear friend Carl. I urge you to pay more attention to fostering his feelings and kindness, as the latter is especially crucial for all that is good. No matter how much a man's kindness may be mocked or undervalued, our greatest writers, like Goethe and others, see it as a wonderful trait. In fact, many believe that without it, no one can truly be distinguished, nor can any real depth of character exist.

My time is too limited to say more, but we can discuss verbally how in my opinion Carl ought to be treated on this point.

My time is too limited to say more, but we can talk in person about how I think Carl should be handled on this matter.

Your friend and servant,
L. VAN BEETHOVEN.

Alser Vorstadt--Beim Apfel, 2ter Étage,
No. 12, Leiberz, Dressmaker.

Alser Vorstadt--At the Apple, 2nd Floor,
No. 12, Leiberz, Dressmaker.

227.
TO G. DEL RIO.

This is at any rate the first time that it has been necessary to remind me of an agreeable duty; very pressing business connected with my art, as well as other causes, made me totally forget the account, but this shall not occur again. As for my servant bringing home Carl in the evening, the arrangement is already made. In the mean time I thank you for having been so obliging as to send your servant for him yesterday, as I knew nothing about it, so that Carl probably must otherwise have remained at Czerny's. Carl's boots are too small, and he has repeatedly complained of this; indeed, they are so bad that he can scarcely walk, and it will take some time before they can be altered to fit him. This kind of thing ruins the feet, so I beg you will not allow him to wear them again till they are made larger.

This is the first time I've needed a reminder about a pleasant task; urgent matters related to my art and other issues completely made me forget the invoice, but that won't happen again. As for my servant picking up Carl in the evening, that’s already arranged. In the meantime, I appreciate you sending your servant for him yesterday, as I wasn’t aware of it, and Carl would likely have had to stay at Czerny's otherwise. Carl's boots are too small, and he has complained about this multiple times; they’re so uncomfortable that he can barely walk, and it will take a while before they can be adjusted to fit him. This kind of thing can really damage his feet, so please don’t let him wear them again until they’re resized.

With regard to his pianoforte studies, I beg you will keep him strictly to them; otherwise his music-master would be of no use. Yesterday Carl could not play the whole day, I have repeatedly wished to hear him play over his lessons, but have been obliged to come away without doing so.

With respect to his piano studies, please make sure he sticks to them; otherwise, his music teacher won't be able to help him. Yesterday, Carl couldn't play at all. I’ve tried several times to hear him go over his lessons, but I've had to leave without doing so.

"La musica merita d'esser studiata."

"Music deserves to be studied."

Besides, the couple of hours now appointed for his music lessons are quite insufficient. I must therefore the more earnestly urge on you their being strictly adhered to. It is by no means unusual that this point should be attended to in an institute; an intimate friend of mine has also a boy at school, who is to become a professor of music, where every facility for study is afforded him; indeed, I was rather struck by finding the boy quite alone in a distant room practising, neither disturbing others, nor being himself disturbed.

Besides, the couple of hours now set aside for his music lessons are completely inadequate. So I must strongly insist that these be strictly followed. It's not uncommon for this to be addressed in a school; an close friend of mine has a son at a school who is training to be a music professor, where he has all the resources he needs for studying. In fact, I was quite surprised to find the boy all by himself in a faraway room practicing, neither bothering others nor being bothered himself.

I beg you will allow me to send for Carl to-morrow about half-past ten o'clock, as I wish to see what progress he has made, and to take him with me to some musicians.

I kindly ask if I can have Carl come over tomorrow around 10:30 AM, as I’d like to check on his progress and bring him along to meet some musicians.

I am, with all possible esteem, your friend,

I am, with all due respect, your friend,

L. VAN BEETHOVEN.

L. Beethoven.

228.
TO CZERNY.

DEAR CZERNY,--

Dear Czerny,

I beg you will treat Carl with as much patience as possible; for though he does not as yet get on quite as you and I could wish, still I fear he will soon do even less, because (though I do not want him to know it) he is over-fatigued by the injudicious distribution of his lesson hours. Unluckily it is not easy to alter this; so pray, however strict you may be, show him every indulgence, which will, I am sure, have also a better effect on Carl under such unfavorable circumstances.

I ask that you be as patient with Carl as you can; even though he isn't progressing as well as we would like, I'm worried he might start to struggle even more. I don't want him to realize this, but he’s really worn out from how his lesson hours have been scheduled. Unfortunately, it's not easy to change this, so please, no matter how strict you need to be, give him a bit of leniency. I'm sure it will help Carl feel better in these tough circumstances.

With respect to his playing with you, when he has finally acquired the proper mode of fingering, and plays in right time, and gives the notes with tolerable correctness, you must only then first direct his attention to the mode of execution; and when he is sufficiently advanced, do not stop his playing on account of little mistakes, but only point them out at the end of the piece. Although I have myself given very little instruction, I have always followed this system, which quickly forms a musician; and this is, after all, one of the first objects of art, and less fatiguing both to master and scholar. In certain passages, like the following,--

With regards to his playing with you, once he has finally learned the right fingering, plays at the correct tempo, and hits the notes fairly accurately, you should only then focus on his technique. As he gets more advanced, don’t interrupt his playing for minor mistakes; just point them out at the end of the piece. Even though I haven’t given much instruction myself, I’ve always used this approach, which quickly develops a musician; and this is, after all, one of the main goals of art, and it's less tiring for both teacher and student. In certain sections, like the following,--

[picture of music]

I wish all the fingers to be used; and also in similar ones, such as these,--

I want all the fingers to be used; and also in similar ways, like these,--

[picture of music] &c. &c.

[music image] &c. &c.

so that they may go very smoothly; such passages can indeed be made to sound very perlés, or like a pearl, played by fewer fingers, but sometimes we wish for a different kind of jewel.^[1] More as to this some other time. I hope that you will receive these suggestions in the same kindly spirit in which they are offered and intended. In any event I am, and ever must remain, your debtor. May my candor serve as a pledge of my wish to discharge this debt at some future day!

so that they can go really smoothly; such passages can definitely be made to sound very perlés, or like a pearl, played by fewer fingers, but sometimes we hope for a different kind of gem.^[1] More on this another time. I hope you will receive these suggestions in the same friendly spirit in which they are offered and meant. In any case, I am, and always will be, your debtor. May my honesty serve as a promise of my desire to repay this debt someday!

Your true friend,
BEETHOVEN.

[Footnote 1: Carl Czerny relates in the Vienna A.M. Zeitung of 1845, No. 113, as follows:--"Beethoven came to me usually every day himself with the boy, and used to say to me, 'You must not think that you please me by making Carl play my works; I am not so childish as to wish anything of the kind. Give him whatever you think best.' I named Clementi. 'Yes, yes,' said he, 'Clementi is very good indeed;' and, added he, laughing, 'Give Carl occasionally what is according to rule, that he may hereafter come to what is contrary to rule.' After a hit of this sort, which he introduced into almost every speech, he used to burst into a loud peal of laughter. Having in the earlier part of his career been often reproached by the critics with his irregularities, he was in the habit of alluding to this with gay humor."]

[Footnote 1: Carl Czerny shares in the Vienna A.M. Zeitung of 1845, No. 113, the following: "Beethoven usually came to me every day with the boy, and would say, 'Don't think that you please me by making Carl play my works; I'm not that childish. Give him whatever you think is best.' I mentioned Clementi. 'Yes, yes,' he said, 'Clementi is very good indeed;' and he added, laughing, 'Give Carl something that is according to rule sometimes, so he can later appreciate what is contrary to rule.' After a comment like that, which he included in almost every conversation, he would burst into loud laughter. Having been criticized for his irregularities early in his career, he often referred to this with cheerful humor."]

229.
TO CZERNY.

DEAR CZERNY,--

DEAR CZERNY,

I beg you will say nothing on that particular subject at Giannatasio's, who dined with us on the day you were so good as to call on me; he requested this himself. I will tell you the reason when we meet. I hope to be able to prove my gratitude for your patience with my nephew, that I may not always remain your debtor. In haste,

I ask that you say nothing about that specific topic at Giannatasio's, who had dinner with us on the day you kindly visited me; he asked for this himself. I will explain why when we get together. I hope to show my appreciation for your patience with my nephew so that I won't always owe you. Quickly,

Your friend,
BEETHOVEN.

230.
TO CZERNY.

DEAR CZERNY,--

DEAR CZERNY,---

Can you in any way assist the man I now send to you (a pianoforte maker and tuner from Baden) in selling his instruments? Though small in size, their manufacture is solid. In haste,

Can you help the man I'm sending to you (a piano maker and tuner from Baden) sell his instruments? They may be small, but they're well-made. I'm in a rush,

Your friend,
BEETHOVEN.

231.
TO ZMESKALL.

Wednesday, July 3, 1817.

DEAR ZMESKALL,--

Dear Zmeskall,

I have changed my mind. It might hurt the feelings of Carl's mother to see her child in the house of a stranger, which would be more harsh than I like; so I shall allow her to come to my house to-morrow; a certain tutor at Puthon, of the name of Bihler, will also be present. I should be extremely glad if you could be with me about six o'clock, but not later. Indeed, I earnestly beg you to come, as I am desirous to show the Court that you are present, for there is no doubt that a Court Secretary will be held in higher estimation by them than a man without an official character, whatever his moral character may be!

I’ve changed my mind. It might hurt Carl's mom to see her kid at a stranger's house, which feels too harsh for me; so I’ll let her come to my place tomorrow. A certain tutor from Puthon named Bihler will also be there. I’d be really happy if you could join me around six o’clock, but not any later. In fact, I strongly urge you to come, as I want to show the Court that you’re there, since a Court Secretary will definitely be held in higher regard by them than someone without an official title, no matter how good their character may be!

Now, jesting apart, independent of my real affection for you, your coming will be of great service to me. I shall therefore expect you without fail. I beg you will not take my badinage amiss. I am, with sincere esteem,

Now, all jokes aside, regardless of my true feelings for you, your arrival will be very helpful to me. So, I expect you to come for sure. I hope you won't take my teasing the wrong way. I am, with genuine respect,

Your friend,
BEETHOVEN

232.
TO G. DEL RIO.

Your friend has no doubt told you of my intention to send for Carl early to-morrow. I wish to place his mother in a more creditable position with the neighborhood; so I have agreed to pay her the compliment of taking her son to see her in the company of a third person. This is to be done once a month.

Your friend has probably mentioned that I plan to send for Carl early tomorrow. I want to help his mother have a better reputation in the neighborhood, so I've decided to take her son to see her along with a third person. We'll do this once a month.

As to all that is past, I beg you will never allude to it again, either in speaking or writing, but forget it all--as I do.

As for everything that's happened, I ask you not to mention it again, whether in conversation or writing, but to forget it completely—just as I do.

233.
TO FRAU VON STREICHER.

I have been occupied in arranging my papers; an immense amount of patience is required for such an affair as putting them in order, but having once summoned it to our aid we must persevere, or the matter would never be completed. My papers, both musical and unmusical, are nearly arranged at last; it was like one of the seven labors of Hercules!^[1]

I’ve been busy organizing my papers. It takes a lot of patience to get everything sorted out, but once you start, you have to keep going, or it will never get done. My papers, both music-related and not, are finally almost organized; it felt like one of Hercules' seven labors!^[1]

[Footnote 1: Ries (in Wegeler's Notizen) relates: "Beethoven placed very little value on the MSS. of his pieces written out by himself; when once engraved they were usually scattered about the anteroom, or on the floor in the middle of his apartment, together with other music. I often arranged his music for him, but the moment Beethoven began to search for any piece, it was all strewed about again."]

[Footnote 1: Ries (in Wegeler's Notizen) shares: "Beethoven didn't care much for the manuscripts of his pieces that he wrote out himself; once they were engraved, they were typically scattered around the waiting room or on the floor in the middle of his apartment, mixed in with other music. I often organized his music for him, but as soon as Beethoven started looking for a specific piece, it would be all tossed around again."]

234.
TO FRAU VON STREICHER.

You see what servants are! [He had gone out and taken the key with him.] Such is housekeeping! So long as I am ill, I would fain be on a different footing with those around me; for dearly as I usually love solitude, it is painful to me now, finding it scarcely possible, while taking baths and medicine, to employ myself as usual,--to which is added the grievous prospect that I may perhaps never get better. I place no confidence in my present physician, who at length pronounces my malady to be disease of the lungs. I will consider about engaging a housekeeper. If I could only have the faintest hope, in this corrupt Austrian State, of finding an honest person, the arrangement would be easily made; but--but!! [He wishes to hire a piano and pay for it in advance; the tone to be as loud as possible, to suit his defective hearing.]

You see what servants are! [He had gone out and taken the key with him.] Such is housekeeping! As long as I’m sick, I’d really like to have a different relationship with those around me; because even though I usually love being alone, it’s hard for me right now. With baths and medicine, it’s nearly impossible to keep myself occupied like I normally do—not to mention the troubling thought that I might never get better. I don’t trust my current doctor, who finally says my illness is disease of the lungs. I’m thinking about hiring a housekeeper. If I could just have the slightest hope of finding an honest person in this corrupt Austrian state, organizing it would be simple; but— but!! [He wants to rent a piano and pay for it upfront; the sound should be as loud as possible to accommodate his poor hearing.]

Perhaps you do not know, though I have not always had one of your pianos, that since 1809 I have invariably preferred yours.

Perhaps you don't know, but I haven't always owned one of your pianos; since 1809, I've always preferred yours.

It is peculiarly hard on me to be a burden on any one, being accustomed rather to serve others than to be served by them.

It’s really tough for me to feel like a burden to anyone, since I’m used to helping others instead of being helped.

235.
TO FRAU VON STREICHER.

I can only say that I am better; I thought much of death during the past night, but such thoughts are familiar to me by day also.

I can only say that I'm feeling better; I thought a lot about death last night, but those thoughts are familiar to me during the day too.

236.
TO F. RIES,--LONDON.

Vienna, July 9, 1817.

MY DEAR FRIEND,--

MY DEAR FRIEND, --

The proposals in your esteemed letter of the 9th of June are very flattering, and my reply will show you how much I value them. Were it not for my unhappy infirmities, which entail both attendance and expense, particularly on a journey to a foreign country, I would unconditionally accept the offer of the Philharmonic Society. But place yourself in my position, and consider how many more obstacles I have to contend with than any other artist, and then judge whether my demands (which I now annex) are unreasonable. I beg you will convey my conditions to the Directors of the above Society, namely:--

The proposals in your esteemed letter from June 9th are very flattering, and my response will show you how much I appreciate them. If it weren't for my unfortunate health issues, which involve both attendance and costs, especially for a trip to a foreign country, I would unconditionally accept the offer from the Philharmonic Society. But put yourself in my shoes and think about how many more challenges I face compared to other artists, and then decide if my requests (which I have attached) are unreasonable. I kindly ask you to pass my conditions on to the Directors of the above Society, specifically:--

1. I shall be in London early in January.

1. I'll be in London early in January.

2. The two grand new symphonies shall be ready by that time; to become the exclusive property of the Society.

2. The two impressive new symphonies will be ready by then; they will become the sole property of the Society.

3. The Society to give me in return 300 guineas, and 100 for my travelling expenses, which will, however, amount to much more, as I am obliged to bring a companion.

3. The Society will pay me 300 guineas in return, plus 100 for my travel expenses, which will actually be much more since I need to bring a companion.

4. As I am now beginning to work at these grand symphonies for the Society, I shall expect that (on receiving my consent) they will remit me here the sum of 150 guineas, so that I may provide a carriage, and make my other preparations at once for the journey.

4. Since I'm starting to work on these grand symphonies for the Society, I expect that once I give my approval, they will send me the sum of 150 guineas so I can arrange for a carriage and take care of my other preparations for the journey right away.

5. The conditions as to my non-appearance in any other public orchestra, my not directing, and the preference always to be given to the Society on the offer of equal terms by them, are accepted by me; indeed, they would at all events have been dictated by my own sense of honor.

5. I accept the terms regarding my not performing with any other public orchestra, not conducting, and always giving preference to the Society when they offer equal terms; in fact, these would have been my own principles of honor anyway.

6. I shall expect the aid of the Society in arranging one, or more, benefit concerts in my behalf, as the case may be. The very friendly feeling of some of the Directors in your valuable body, and the kind reception of my works by all the artists, is a sufficient guaranty on this point, and will be a still further inducement to me to endeavor not to disappoint their expectations.

6. I will be counting on the Society's help to set up one or more benefit concerts on my behalf, depending on what’s needed. The strong support from some of the Directors in your esteemed group, along with the positive response to my work from all the artists, gives me enough assurance on this matter and motivates me even more to meet their expectations.

7. I request that I may receive the assent to and confirmation of these terms, signed by three Directors in the name of the Society. You may easily imagine how much I rejoice at the thoughts of becoming acquainted with the worthy Sir George Smart [Music Director], and seeing you and Mr. Neate again; would that I could fly to you myself instead of this letter!

7. I ask that I receive the approval and confirmation of these terms, signed by three Directors on behalf of the Society. You can easily imagine how happy I am at the thought of getting to know the esteemed Sir George Smart [Music Director] and seeing you and Mr. Neate again; I wish I could come to you myself instead of sending this letter!

Your sincere well wisher and friend,

Your true supporter and friend,

LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN.

Ludwig van Beethoven.

[P.S. ON A SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER.]

DEAR RIES,--

DEAR RIES, --

I cordially embrace you! I have purposely employed another hand in my answer to the Society, that you might read it more easily, and present it to them. I place the most implicit reliance on your kindly feelings toward me. I hope that the Philharmonic Society may accept my proposals, and they may rest assured that I shall employ all my energies to fulfil in the most satisfactory manner the flattering commission of so eminent a society of artists. What is the strength of your orchestra? How many violins, &c.? Have you one or two sets of wind instruments? Is the concert room large and sonorous?

I warmly embrace you! I've intentionally used another person's writing for my response to the Society so that you can read it more easily and present it to them. I trust completely in your kind feelings toward me. I hope the Philharmonic Society will accept my proposals, and they can be assured that I will put all my energy into fulfilling the flattering commission from such a distinguished group of artists. What is the size of your orchestra? How many violins, etc.? Do you have one or two sets of wind instruments? Is the concert hall large and resonant?

237.
TO ZMESKALL.

NUSSDORF, July 23, 1817.

MY DEAR GOOD ZMESKALL,--

I shall soon see you again in town. What is the proper price for fronting a pair of boots? I have to pay my servant for this, who is always running about.

I’ll see you in town again soon. What’s the right price for getting a pair of boots? I need to pay my servant for this, who is always out and about.

I am really in despair at being condemned by my defective hearing to pass the greater part of my life with this most odious class of people, and to be in some degree dependent on them. To-morrow, early, my servant will call on you, and bring me back a sealed answer.

I am truly despairing about being stuck with my terrible hearing, forced to spend most of my life around this awful group of people and to rely on them to some extent. Tomorrow morning, my servant will come by to see you and bring me back a sealed answer.

238.
TO ZMESKALL.

August 12, 1817.

MY DEAR GOOD Z.,--

Dear Z.--

I heard of your indisposition with great regret. As for myself, I am often in despair, and almost tempted to put an end to my life, for all these remedies seem to have no end. May God have compassion on me, for I look upon myself to be as good as lost! I have a great deal to say to you. That this servant is a thief, I cannot doubt--he must be sent away; my health requires living at home and greater comfort. I shall be glad to have your opinion on this point. If my condition is not altered, instead of being in London I shall probably be in my grave. I thank God that the thread of my life will soon be spun out.

I was really sorry to hear about your illness. As for me, I often feel hopeless and am almost tempted to end my life since all these treatments seem endless. May God have mercy on me because I feel like I’m as good as lost! I have a lot to talk to you about. I have no doubt that this servant is a thief—he needs to go; my health demands that I live at home and have more comfort. I’d appreciate your thoughts on this matter. If my situation doesn’t change, instead of being in London, I’ll probably end up in my grave. I thank God that the end of my life is coming soon.

In haste, your
BEETHOVEN.

In a hurry, your
BEETHOVEN.

N.B. I wish you to buy me a quarter of a yard of green wax-cloth, green on both sides. It seems incredible that I have not been able to get anything of the kind from these green people here. It is far.... [illegible].

N.B. I want you to buy me a quarter of a yard of green wax cloth, green on both sides. It’s hard to believe that I haven’t been able to find anything like that from these green people here. It’s far.... [illegible].

[X. brought the Trio in C minor (Op. 1, No. 3) to show to Beethoven, having arranged it as a quintet for stringed instruments (published by Artaria as Op. 104). Beethoven evidently discovered a good many faults in the work; still, the undertaking had sufficient attractions to induce him to correct it himself, and to make many changes in it. A very different score was thus of course produced from that of X., on the cover of whose work the genial master, in a fit of good humor, inscribed with his own hand the following title:--

[X. brought the Trio in C minor (Op. 1, No. 3) to show Beethoven, having arranged it as a quintet for string instruments (published by Artaria as Op. 104). Beethoven clearly found several mistakes in the piece; however, the project was interesting enough for him to correct it himself and make many changes. As a result, a very different score was created from X.'s original, on the cover of which the cheerful master, in a moment of good humor, wrote the following title by hand:--

A Terzet arranged as a Quintet,
by Mr. Well-meaning,

translated from the semblance into the reality of five parts, and exalted from the depths of wretchedness to a certain degree of excellence,

translated from appearance into reality in five parts, and lifted from the depths of misery to some level of excellence,

by Mr. Goodwill.

Vienna, Aug. 14, 1817.

N.B. The original three-part score of the Quintet has been sacrificed as a solemn burnt-offering to the subterranean gods.]^[1]

N.B. The original three-part score of the Quintet has been sacrificed as a serious burnt offering to the underground gods.]^[1]

[Footnote 1: This Quintet appeared as Op. 104 at Artaria's in Vienna.]

[Footnote 1: This Quintet was published as Op. 104 by Artaria in Vienna.]

239.
TO FRAU VON STREICHER.

When we next meet, you will be surprised to hear what I have in the mean time learned. My poor Carl was only misled for the moment; but there are men who are brutes, and of this number is the priest here, who deserves to be well cudgelled.

When we meet again, you’ll be shocked to hear what I’ve learned in the meantime. My poor Carl was just misled for a bit; but there are men who are animals, and among them is the priest here, who deserves a good beating.

240.
TO G. DEL RIO.

August 19, 1817.

I unluckily received your letter yesterday too late, for she had already been here; otherwise I would have shown her to the door, as she richly deserved. I sincerely thank Fraulein N. for the trouble she took in writing down the gossip of this woman. Though an enemy to all tattling and gossip, still this is of importance to us; so I shall write to her, and also give her letter to me to Herr A.S. [Advocate Schönauer?] I may possibly have let fall some words in her presence in reference to the recent occurrence, and the irregularity on your part, but I cannot in the slightest degree recall ever having written to her about you.

I unfortunately received your letter yesterday too late, as she had already been here; otherwise, I would have shown her the door, which she definitely deserved. I sincerely thank Fraulein N. for the effort she put into writing down the gossip from this woman. Although I'm completely against all gossip and rumors, this is still important to us, so I will write to her and also pass her letter to Herr A.S. [Advocate Schönauer?] I might have mentioned some things in her presence regarding the recent situation and your irregularities, but I can't remember ever having written to her about you.

It was only an attempt on her side to exasperate you against me; and thus to influence you and obtain more from you, in the same way that she formerly reported to me all sorts of things that you had said about me; but I took no heed of her talk. On this recent occasion I wished to try whether she might not be improved by a more patient and conciliatory mode of conduct: I imparted my intention to Herr A.S., but it has utterly failed; and on Sunday I made up my mind to adhere to the former necessary severity, as even during the glimpse she had of Carl, she contrived to inoculate him with some of her venom. In short, we must be guided by the zodiac, and only allow her to see Carl twelve times a year, and then barricade her so effectually that she cannot smuggle in even a pin, whether he is with you or me, or with a third person. I really thought that by entirely complying with her wishes, it might have been an incitement to her to improve, and to acknowledge my complete unselfishness.

It was just an effort on her part to get you to turn against me and manipulate you to get more from you, just like she used to tell me all sorts of things you said about me. But I ignored her talk. Recently, I wanted to see if being more patient and conciliatory would help her improve. I shared my plan with Herr A.S., but it completely failed. So on Sunday, I decided to stick to the necessary strictness because even during the brief time she saw Carl, she managed to infect him with some of her negativity. In short, we need to follow a strict schedule and only let her see Carl twelve times a year, then block her off completely so she can’t sneak in anything, whether he’s with you, me, or someone else. I honestly thought that if I complied with all her requests, it might encourage her to change and recognize my complete selflessness.

Perhaps I may see you to-morrow. Frau S. can order the shoes and stockings and all that Carl requires, and I will remit her the money at once. I beg that you will always order and buy anything Carl ought to have, without any reference to me, merely informing me of the amount, which I will forthwith discharge, without waiting for the end of the quarter. I will take care that Carl has a new coat for the next examination.

Perhaps I'll see you tomorrow. Frau S. can order the shoes and stockings and everything else Carl needs, and I'll send her the money right away. Please feel free to order and buy anything Carl should have, without checking with me first—just let me know the cost, and I'll pay you back immediately, without waiting for the end of the quarter. I'll make sure Carl has a new coat for the next exam.

One thing more. The mother affects to receive her information from a person in your house. If you cannot arrange with Czerny to bring Carl home, he must not go at all; "trau, schau, wem!" [trust not till you try.] The only impression that his mother ought to make on Carl is what I have already told him,--namely, to respect her as his mother, but not to follow her example in any respect; he must be strongly warned against this.

One more thing. The mother pretends to get her information from someone in your house. If you can’t work it out with Czerny to bring Carl home, he can’t go at all; "trau, schau, wem!" [trust not till you try.] The only impression his mother should have on Carl is what I’ve already told him—specifically, to respect her as his mother, but not to follow her example in any way; he must be strongly warned against this.

Yours truly,
L. V. BEETHOVEN.

Sincerely,
L. V. BEETHOVEN.

241.
TO ZMESKALL.

Sept. 11, 1817.

DEAR Z.,--

Dear Z.,--

The answer from London arrived yesterday [see No. 236], but in English. Do you know any one who could translate it verbally for us? In haste,

The response from London came in yesterday [see No. 236], but it’s in English. Do you know anyone who can translate it for us? We're in a hurry.

Your

BEETHOVEN.

Beethoven.

242.
TO ZMESKALL.

Oct. 20, 1817.

DEAR Z.,--

The devil himself cannot persuade your Famulus to take away the wine. Pray forgive my behavior yesterday; I intended to have asked your pardon this very afternoon. In my present condition I require indulgence from every one, for I am a poor unfortunate creature!

The devil himself can't convince your Famulus to get rid of the wine. Please forgive my actions yesterday; I meant to ask for your forgiveness this very afternoon. Given my current state, I need leniency from everyone, because I'm a poor, unfortunate soul!

In haste, as ever, yours.

Yours in a hurry, as always.

243.
TO ZMESKALL.

DEAR Z.,--

Dear Z.,--

I give up the journey; at least I will not pledge myself on this point. The matter must be more maturely considered. In the mean time the work is already sent off to the Prince Regent. If they want me they can have me, and I am still at liberty to say yes! or no! Liberty!!!! what more can any one desire!!!

I’m giving up on the journey; at least I'm not committing to it right now. This needs to be thought over more carefully. In the meantime, the work has already been sent to the Prince Regent. If they want me, they can have me, and I’m still free to say yes! or no! Freedom!!!! what more could anyone want!!!

244.
TO ZMESKALL.

DEAR Z.,--

Dear Z.,--

Don't be angry about my note. Are you not aware of my present condition, which is like that of Hercules with Queen Omphale??? I asked you to buy me a looking-glass like yours, which I now return, but if you do not require it, I wish you would send yours back to me to-day, for mine is broken. Farewell, and do not write in such high-flown terms about me, for never have I felt so strongly as now the strength and the weakness of human nature.

Don't be mad about my note. Don't you know how I feel right now, like Hercules with Queen Omphale??? I asked you to get me a mirror like yours, which I'm returning now, but if you don't need it, I'd appreciate it if you could send yours back to me today because mine is broken. Goodbye, and please don't use such fancy language when you write about me, because I've never felt more aware of the strengths and weaknesses of human nature than I do now.

Continue your regard for me.

Keep your feelings for me.

245.
TO FRAU VON STREICHER.

The Autumn of 1817.

The Fall of 1817.

I have had an interview with your husband, whose sympathy did me both good and harm, for Streicher almost upset my resignation. God alone knows the result! but as I have always assisted my fellow-men when I had the power to do so, I also rely on his mercy to me.

I had an interview with your husband, whose kindness was both helpful and harmful, because Streicher almost made me reconsider my resignation. Only God knows the outcome! But since I have always helped others when I could, I also count on his mercy towards me.

Educate your daughter carefully, that she may make a good wife.

Educate your daughter well so she can become a good wife.

To-day happens to be Sunday; so I will quote you something out of the Bible,--"Love one another." I conclude with best regards to your best of daughters, and with the wish that all your wounds may be healed.

Today happens to be Sunday; so I will quote something from the Bible, "Love one another." I conclude with my best regards to your wonderful daughter, and I hope that all your wounds may be healed.

When you visit the ancient ruins [Frau Streicher was in Baden], do not forget that Beethoven has often lingered there; when you stray through the silent pine forests, do not forget that Beethoven often wrote poetry there, or, as it is termed, composed.

When you visit the ancient ruins [Frau Streicher was in Baden], remember that Beethoven often spent time there; as you wander through the quiet pine forests, keep in mind that Beethoven frequently wrote music there, or, as it’s called, composed.

246.
TO FRAU VON STREICHER.

How deeply am I indebted to you, my excellent friend, and I have become such a poor creature that I have no means of repaying you. I am very grateful to Streicher for all the trouble he has taken on my behalf [about a house in the Gärtner Strasse], and beg he will continue his inquiries. God will, I hope, one day enable me to return benefit for benefit, but this being at present impossible, grieves me most of all....

How deeply I owe you, my dear friend, and I've become such a poor person that I have no way to repay you. I'm really thankful to Streicher for all the effort he's put in on my behalf [about a house on Gärtner Strasse], and I ask him to keep looking into it. I hope that one day God will allow me to return the favor, but the fact that I can't do that right now weighs heavily on me...

Now Heaven be praised! [he thus winds up a long letter about a bad servant,] I have contrived to collect all these particulars for you with no little toil and trouble, and God grant that I may never, never more be obliged to speak, or write, or think again on such a subject, for mud and mire are not more pernicious to artistic soil, than such devilry to any man!!!

Now, thank goodness! [he wraps up a long letter about a terrible servant] I've managed to gather all these details for you with quite a bit of effort, and I hope I never, ever have to talk, write, or think about something like this again, because dirt and filth are no more harmful to artistic talent than this kind of nonsense is to any person!!!

247.
TO FRAU VON STREICHER.

As to Frau von Stein [stone], I beg she will not allow Herr von Steiner to turn into stone, that he may still be of service to me; nor must Frau von Stein become too stony towards Herr von Steiner, &c.

As for Frau von Stein, I hope she doesn't let Herr von Steiner become emotionally cold, so he can still be helpful to me; nor should Frau von Stein become too unfeeling towards Herr von Steiner, etc.

My good Frau von Streicher, do not play any trick [Streiche] to your worthy little husband, but rather be to all others Frau von Stein [stone]!!!!

My good Mrs. von Streicher, don’t pull any tricks on your decent little husband, but instead, be as tough as stone to everyone else!!!!

Where are the coverlets for the beds?

Where are the blankets?

[picture of music]

248.
TO FRAU VON STREICHER.

... It is now very evident from all this that if you do not kindly superintend things for me, I, with my infirmities, must meet with the same fate as usual at the hands of these people. Their ingratitude towards you is what chiefly degrades both of them in my eyes. But I don't understand your allusion about gossip? on one occasion alone can I remember having forgotten myself for the moment, but with very different people. This is all I can say on the subject. For my part I neither encourage nor listen to the gossip of the lower orders. I have often given you hints on the subject, without telling you a word of what I had heard. Away! away! away! with such things!

... It's now really clear that if you don’t kindly oversee things for me, I, with my weaknesses, will inevitably face the same fate as usual at the hands of these people. Their ingratitude towards you is what mostly lowers them in my view. But I don’t get your reference to gossip? I can only recall one occasion when I lost my composure momentarily, and that was with very different people. That’s all I can say on the matter. As for me, I neither encourage nor pay attention to the gossip from the lower classes. I've often hinted at this without revealing what I’ve heard. Away! away! away! with such things!

249.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

Nussdorf, Sept. 1, 1817.

Nussdorf, September 1, 1817.

I hope to be able to join you in Baden; but my invalid condition still continues, and though in some respects improved, my malady is far from being entirely cured. I have had, and still have, recourse to remedies of every kind and shape; I must now give up the long-cherished hope of ever being wholly restored. I hear that Y.R.H. looks wonderfully well, and though many false inferences may be drawn from this as to good health, still every one tells me that Y.R.H. is much better, and in this I feel sincerely interested. I also trust that when Y.R.H. again comes to town, I may assist you in those works dedicated to the Muses. My confidence is placed on Providence, who will vouchsafe to hear my prayer, and one day set me free from all my troubles, for I have served Him faithfully from my childhood, and done good whenever it has been in my power; so my trust is in Him alone, and I feel that the Almighty will not allow me to be utterly crushed by all my manifold trials. I wish Y.R.H. all possible good and prosperity, and shall wait on you the moment you return to town.

I hope to be able to join you in Baden, but I’m still not feeling well, and even though I'm slightly better, I'm far from fully cured. I've tried every kind of treatment available, and I have to let go of my long-held hope of being completely restored. I've heard that you look great, and while people might draw wrong conclusions about your health, everyone tells me that you are much better, which I genuinely care about. I also hope that when you come back to town, I can help you with the projects dedicated to the Muses. I trust in Providence to hear my prayers and one day relieve me of my troubles, as I have served Him faithfully since childhood and done good whenever I could; so my trust is solely in Him, and I believe that the Almighty won’t let me be completely overwhelmed by all my various struggles. I wish you all the best and prosperity, and I’ll be ready to see you the moment you return to town.

[K.]

250.
TO G. DEL RIO

Vienna, Nov. 12, 1817.

My altered circumstances render it possible that I may not be able to leave Carl under your care beyond the end of this quarter; so, as in duty bound, I give you this warning a quarter in advance. Though it is painful to admit it, my straitened circumstances leave me no choice in the matter; had it been otherwise, how gladly would I have presented you with an additional quarter's payment when I removed Carl, as a slight tribute of my gratitude. I do hope you will believe that such are my genuine and sincere wishes on the subject. If on the other hand I leave Carl with you for the ensuing quarter, commencing in February, I will apprise you of it early in January, 1818. I trust you will grant me this favor, and that I shall not solicit it in vain. If I ever enjoy better health, so that I can earn more money, I shall not fail to evince my gratitude, knowing well how much more you have done for Carl than I had any right to expect; and I can with truth say that to be obliged to confess my inability to requite your services at this moment, distresses me much.

My changed circumstances mean that I might not be able to leave Carl in your care beyond the end of this quarter. So, as I’m obligated, I’m giving you this warning a quarter in advance. It’s hard to admit, but my tight situation leaves me no choice. If things were different, I would have happily given you an extra quarter's payment when I took Carl out, as a small token of my gratitude. I really hope you believe that these are my genuine and sincere wishes on this matter. If I do leave Carl with you for the next quarter starting in February, I will let you know early in January 1818. I trust you’ll grant me this favor, and that it won’t be in vain. If my health improves and I can earn more money, I’ll definitely show my appreciation, knowing how much more you’ve done for Carl than I ever expected. I truly feel distressed having to admit that I can’t repay your kindness right now.

I am, with sincere esteem, your friend,
L. V. BEETHOVEN.

I am, with genuine respect, your friend,
L. V. BEETHOVEN.

251.
TO G. DEL RIO.

MY DEAR FRIEND,--

MY DEAR FRIEND, --

I have been hitherto unable to answer your friendly letter, having been much occupied and still far from well.

I haven't been able to respond to your kind letter until now because I've been very busy and still not feeling well.

As to your proposal, it merits both gratitude and consideration. I must say that the same idea formerly occurred to me about Carl; at this moment, however, I am in the most unsettled state. This was why I made the stipulation to which I begged you to agree, namely, to let you know in the last month of the present quarter whether Carl was to continue with you. In this way our plans would neither be hurried nor demolished. I am, besides, well aware that it can be no advantage to you to have Carl either on his present terms, or according to your last proposal, and on that very account I wished to point out to you in my letter how gladly, besides the usual remuneration, I would have testified my gratitude in some additional manner.

As for your proposal, it deserves both thanks and serious thought. I have to admit that the same thought crossed my mind before regarding Carl; right now, though, I’m feeling pretty uncertain. That’s why I asked you to agree to my condition, which is to let you know in the last month of this quarter whether Carl will stay with you. This way, our plans won’t be rushed or ruined. I’m also aware that it won’t benefit you to keep Carl under his current terms or according to your last offer, and for that reason, I wanted to mention in my letter how happily, on top of the usual payment, I would show my appreciation in some extra way.

When I spoke of my inability, I knew that his education would cost me even more elsewhere than with you; but what I intended to convey was that every father has a particular object in the education of his child, and it is thus with me and Carl. No doubt we shall soon discover what is best for him; whether to have a tutor here, or to go on as formerly. I do not wish to tie myself down for the moment, but to remain free to act as his interests may dictate.

When I talked about my inability, I realized that his education would end up costing me more elsewhere than it would with you; but what I really meant was that every father has a specific goal in his child's education, and that's the case for me and Carl. We will likely figure out what's best for him soon, whether to have a tutor here or continue as we have been. I don't want to commit to anything right now but prefer to keep my options open as his needs change.

Carl daily costs me great sacrifices, but I only allude to them on his own account. I know too well the influence his mother contrives to acquire over him, for she seems resolved to show herself well worthy of the name of "Queen of the Night." Besides, she everywhere spreads a report that I do nothing whatever for Carl, whereas she pays everything!! As we have touched on this point, I must thank you for your most considerate letter, which in any event will be of great use to me. Pray ask Herr L.S. to be so kind as to make my excuses to his brother for not having yet called on him. Partly owing to business and also to indisposition, it has been nearly impossible for me to do so. When I think of this oft-discussed affair, I should prefer going to see him on any other subject. She has not applied to me; so it is not my business to promote a meeting between her and her son.

Carl costs me a lot every day, but I only mention it for his sake. I know too well how much influence his mother tries to have over him, as she seems determined to prove she deserves the title "Queen of the Night." Moreover, she spreads the word everywhere that I do nothing for Carl, while she supposedly covers all expenses! Since we’ve touched on this point, I want to thank you for your thoughtful letter, which will really help me out. Please ask Herr L.S. to kindly excuse me to his brother for not visiting him yet. Due to work and some health issues, it's been nearly impossible for me to do so. When I think about this often-discussed matter, I'd rather visit him about anything else. She hasn’t reached out to me, so it’s not my place to arrange a meeting between her and her son.

With regard to the other matter, I am told that in this case we must have recourse to compulsion, which will cost me more money, for which I have chiefly to thank Herr Adlersburg [his advocate]. As Carl's education, however, must be carried on so far as possible independent of his mother, for the future as well as the present we must act as I have arranged.

With respect to the other issue, I've been informed that in this case we have to resort to compulsion, which will cost me more money, mainly due to Herr Adlersburg [his advocate]. However, since Carl's education needs to proceed as independently as possible from his mother, we have to proceed as I have planned, both for the future and the present.

I am, with esteem, your attached friend,
L. V. BEETHOVEN.

I am, with respect, your devoted friend,
L. V. BEETHOVEN.

252.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

Last day of December, 1817.

Last day of December 1817.

The old year has nearly passed away, and a new one draws near. May it bring Y.R.H. no sorrow, but rather may it bestow on you every imaginable felicity! These are my wishes, all concentrated in the one I have just expressed. If it be allowable to speak of myself, I may say that my health is very variable and uncertain. I am unhappily obliged to live at a great distance from Y.R.H., which shall not, however, prevent my having the extreme gratification of waiting on you at the first opportunity. I commend myself to your gracious consideration, though I may not appear to deserve it. May Heaven, for the benefit of so many whom you befriend, enrich each day of your life with an especial blessing! I am always, &c., &c.

The old year is almost over, and a new one is coming. I hope it brings you no sadness, but instead fills your life with all the happiness you can imagine! These are my wishes, all focused on that one. If I may share a little about myself, my health has been quite unstable. Sadly, I have to live far away from you, but that won’t stop me from eagerly waiting for the first chance to see you. I ask for your kind consideration, even if I might not seem worthy of it. May Heaven bless each day of your life with something special, for the sake of all those you support! I am always, &c., &c.

[K.]

253.
TO G. DEL RIO.

Jan. 6, 1818.

To prevent any mistake I take the liberty to inform you that it is finally settled my nephew Carl should leave your excellent institution the end of this month. My hands are also tied with regard to your other proposal, as if I accepted it, my further projects for Carl's benefit would be entirely frustrated; but I sincerely thank you for your kind intentions.

To avoid any confusion, I want to let you know that it’s been finalized that my nephew Carl will be leaving your excellent institution at the end of this month. I'm also unable to accept your other proposal, as doing so would completely ruin my future plans for Carl's benefit; however, I truly appreciate your thoughtful intentions.

Circumstances may cause me to remove Carl even before the end of the month, and as I may not be here myself, I will appoint some one to fetch him. I mention this to you now, that it may not appear strange when the time comes; and let me add, that my nephew and I shall feel grateful to you through life. I observe that Carl already feels thus, which is to me a proof that although thoughtless, his disposition is not evil; far less has he a bad heart. I am the more disposed to augur well of him from his having been for two years under your admirable guidance.

Circumstances might require me to remove Carl even before the month is over, and since I may not be here myself, I'll appoint someone to take care of it. I’m telling you this now so it doesn’t seem odd when the time comes. I want to add that my nephew and I will always appreciate what you’ve done for us. I’ve noticed that Carl already has this feeling, which shows me that even though he can be thoughtless, he isn’t bad at heart; in fact, he has a good heart. I’m even more optimistic about him because he has been under your excellent guidance for two years.

I am, with esteem, your friend,
L. V. BEETHOVEN.

I am, with respect, your friend,
L. V. BEETHOVEN.

254.
TO G. DEL RIO.

Vienna, Jan. 24, 1818.

Vienna, Jan 24, 1818.

I do not come to you myself, as it would be a kind of leave-taking, and this I have all my life avoided. Pray accept my heartfelt thanks for the zeal, rectitude, and integrity with which you have conducted the education of my nephew. As soon as I am at all settled, we mean to pay you a visit; but on account of the mother, I am anxious that the fact of my nephew being with me should not be too much known.

I’m not coming to see you in person because it would feel like a goodbye, and I’ve always steered clear of that. Please accept my sincere gratitude for the enthusiasm, honesty, and integrity with which you’ve handled my nephew’s education. Once I get settled, we plan to visit you; however, because of his mother, I’m worried that too many people should know my nephew is with me.

I send you my very best wishes, and I beg especially to thank Frau A.Z. for her truly maternal care of Carl.

I send you my best wishes, and I especially want to thank Frau A.Z. for her genuinely motherly care of Carl.

I am, with sincere esteem, yours,
L. V. BEETHOVEN.

I am, with sincere respect, yours,
L. V. BEETHOVEN.

255.
TO CZERNY.

MY DEAR GOOD KIND CZERNY,--^[1]

I have this moment heard that you are in a position I really never suspected; you might certainly place confidence in me, and point out how matters could be made better for you (without any pretensions to patronage on my part). As soon as I have a moment to myself, I must speak to you. Rest assured that I highly value you, and am prepared to prove this at any moment by deeds.

I just heard that you’re in a situation I never expected; you can definitely trust me to help you figure out how things could be improved for you (without any hint of being condescending on my part). As soon as I have a moment to myself, I need to talk to you. Just know that I really value you, and I’m ready to show this at any time through my actions.

Yours, with sincere esteem,
L. VAN BEETHOVEN.

Sincerely,
L. VAN BEETHOVEN.

[Footnote 1: Zellner, in his Blätter für Musik, relates what follows on Czerny's own authority:--In 1818 Czerny was requested by Beethoven in a letter (which he presented some years ago to Cocks, the London music publisher) to play at one of his last concerts in the large Redoutensaal, his E flat major Concerto, Op. 73. Czerny answered, in accordance with the truth, that having gained his livelihood entirely for many years past by giving lessons on the piano, for more than twelve hours daily, he had so completely laid aside his pianoforte playing, that he could not venture to attempt playing the concerto properly within the course of a few days (which Beethoven desired). On which he received, in the above letter, a touching proof of Beethoven's sympathy. He also learned subsequently that Beethoven had exerted himself to procure him a permanent situation.]

[Footnote 1: Zellner, in his Blätter für Musik, shares the following based on Czerny's own account: In 1818, Czerny received a letter from Beethoven (which he later presented to Cocks, the London music publisher) asking him to perform at one of his last concerts in the large Redoutensaal, playing his E flat major Concerto, Op. 73. Czerny replied, truthfully, that he had made his living for many years solely by teaching piano for more than twelve hours a day, which meant he had completely stopped playing the piano. Therefore, he felt he couldn’t attempt the concerto properly in just a few days, as Beethoven requested. In response, he received a heartfelt expression of Beethoven's understanding in the letter. He also later found out that Beethoven had worked to secure him a permanent position.]

256.
TO F. RIES,--LONDON.

Vienna, March 5, 1818.

MY DEAR RIES,--

In spite of my wishes it was impossible for me to go to London this year [see No. 236]. I beg you will apprise the Philharmonic Society that my feeble health prevented my coming; I trust, however, I shall be entirely restored this spring, so that in the autumn I may avail myself of their offers and fulfil all their conditions.

Despite my wishes, I couldn't go to London this year [see No. 236]. Please let the Philharmonic Society know that my poor health kept me from attending; however, I hope to be completely better this spring so that in the fall, I can take advantage of their offers and meet all their requirements.

Pray request Neate, in my name, to make no public use of the various works of mine that he has in his hands, at least not until I come. Whatever he may have to say for himself, I have cause to complain of him.

Pray request Neate, in my name, not to make any public use of the various works of mine that he has, at least not until I arrive. No matter what he might say for himself, I have reason to complain about him.

Potter^[1] called on me several times; he seems to be a worthy man, and to have a talent for composition. My wish and hope for you is that your circumstances may daily improve. I cannot, alas! say that such is the case with my own.... I cannot bear to see others want, I must give; you may therefore believe what a loser I am by this affair. I do beg that you will write to me soon. If possible I shall try to get away from this earlier, in the hope of escaping utter ruin, in which case I shall arrive in London by the winter at latest. I know that you will assist an unfortunate friend. If it had only been in my power, and had I not been chained to this place, as I always have been, by circumstances, I certainly would have done far more for you.

Potter^[1] has reached out to me several times; he seems like a respectable guy and has a knack for writing. I really hope that your situation keeps getting better. Sadly, I can’t say the same for my own... I can’t stand to see others in need; I have to help, so you can imagine how much this situation is costing me. Please do write to me soon. If I can, I’ll try to leave here earlier, hoping to avoid total disaster, and if that happens, I’ll be in London by winter at the latest. I know you’ll help a friend in distress. If it had been within my power, and if I hadn’t been stuck here, as I always seem to be because of circumstances, I definitely would have done much more for you.

Farewell; remember me to Neate, Smart, and Cramer. Although I hear that the latter is a counter subject both to you and to myself, still I rather understand how to manage people of that kind; so notwithstanding all this we shall yet succeed in producing an agreeable harmony in London. I embrace you from my heart. Your friend,

Farewell; please say hi to Neate, Smart, and Cramer for me. I know that Cramer is a bit of a challenge for both you and me, but I think I know how to handle people like that. Despite everything, we will still manage to create a pleasant harmony in London. I'm sending you my warmest regards. Your friend,

L. VAN BEETHOVEN.

Ludwig van Beethoven.

Many handsome compliments to your charming, (and as I hear) handsome wife.

Many nice compliments to your lovely, (and as I've heard) attractive wife.

[Footnote 1: Schindler, in his Biography (Vol. II. 254), states that Cipriani Potter came to Vienna in 1817.]

[Footnote 1: Schindler, in his Biography (Vol. II. 254), says that Cipriani Potter arrived in Vienna in 1817.]

257.
TO THE RECHNUNGSRATH, VINCENZ HAUSCHKA.^[1]

1818.

First and foremost member of our society, and grand cross of the violon--cello! You wish for an heroic subject, whereas I have none but a spiritual one! I am contented; still, I think an infusion of the spiritual would be quite appropriate in such a mass. I have no objections to H. v. Bernard, but you must pay him; I do not speak of myself. As you call yourselves "Friends of Music," it is only natural that you should expect a great deal to be done on the score of friendship.

First and foremost member of our society, and grand cross of the cello! You want a heroic topic, but I only have a spiritual one! I’m satisfied; however, I believe a touch of the spiritual would be quite fitting in such a gathering. I have no issues with H. v. Bernard, but you’ll need to compensate him; I'm not referring to myself. Since you call yourselves "Friends of Music," it’s only natural that you should expect a lot to be done out of friendship.

Now farewell, my good Hauschka! As for myself, I wander about here with music paper, among the hills and dales and valleys, and scribble a great deal to get my daily bread; for I have brought things to such a pass in this mighty and ignominious land of the Goths and Vandals, that in order to gain time for a great composition, I must always previously scrawl away a good deal for the sake of money, to enable me to complete an important work.

Now goodbye, my good Hauschka! As for me, I wander around here with music paper among the hills and valleys, scribbling a lot to earn my daily bread. I've gotten to a point in this big and shameful land of the Goths and Vandals that to make time for a major composition, I always have to scribble away quite a bit to make money, allowing me to finish an important piece.

However, my health is much improved, and if the matter is urgent, I can do as you wish now.

However, my health has greatly improved, and if the matter is urgent, I can do what you need now.

In haste, your friend,
BEETHOVEN.

In a rush, your friend,
BEETHOVEN.

[Footnote 1: Hauschka was at that time on the committee, and agent for the "Friends to Music" who commissioned Beethoven to write an Oratorio in 1815. Schindler is of opinion that the repeated performance of the Abbé Stadler's heroic Oratorio, Die Befreiung von Jerusalem, was the cause of the Society in 1818 bespeaking, through Hauschka, "An oratorio of the heroic order."]

[Footnote 1: At that time, Hauschka was on the committee and was the representative for the "Friends to Music," who asked Beethoven to compose an oratorio in 1815. Schindler believes that the repeated performances of Abbé Stadler's heroic oratorio, Die Befreiung von Jerusalem, led the Society in 1818 to request, through Hauschka, "an oratorio of the heroic kind."]

258.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

1819.

I have the honor to send the masterly variations^[1] of Y.R.H. by the copyist Schlemmer, and to-morrow I shall come in person to wait upon Y.R.H., and much rejoice at being able to serve as a companion to my illustrious pupil on the path of fame.

I’m honored to send the amazing variations^[1] by Your Royal Highness from the copyist Schlemmer. Tomorrow, I'll come in person to meet with Your Royal Highness and I'm very happy to be able to support my brilliant student on the journey to greatness.

[K.]

[Footnote 1: The letters 258 and 259, allude to the pianoforte variations composed by the Archduke Rudolph and dedicated to his instructor.]

[Footnote 1: The letters 258 and 259 refer to the piano variations composed by Archduke Rudolph and dedicated to his teacher.]

259.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

Jan. 1, 1819.

All that can be comprehended in one wish, or individually named,--health, happiness, and prosperity,--all are included in the prayer I offer up for Y.R.H. on this day. May the wish that I also form for myself be graciously accepted by Y.R.H., namely, that I may continue to enjoy the favor of Y.R.H. A dreadful occurrence^[1] has lately taken place in my family, which for a long time stunned my senses, and to this must be ascribed my not having waited on Y.R.H., nor taken any notice of the masterly variations of my much-honored and illustrious pupil, and favorite of the Muses. The gratitude I feel for the surprise and the honor you have done me, I dare not venture to express either verbally or in writing, for I am too far beneath you, even if I could or wished ever so ardently to return like for like. May Heaven accept and listen with peculiar favor to my prayers for Y.R.H.'s health. In the course of a few days I trust I shall myself hear the masterpiece Y.R.H. has sent to me, and nothing will rejoice me more than to assist Y.R.H. as early as possible, in taking the place already prepared for you on Parnassus.

All that can be captured in one wish, or individually named—health, happiness, and prosperity—are all included in the prayer I offer for you today, Your Royal Highness. I hope that the wish I have for myself is graciously accepted by you, which is that I may continue to enjoy your favor. A terrible event^[1] recently occurred in my family that left me stunned for a long time, and this is why I haven't been able to visit you or acknowledge the brilliant variations of my esteemed and illustrious student, who is a favorite of the Muses. I feel so grateful for the surprise and honor you’ve given me that I cannot dare to express it either verbally or in writing, as I am too far beneath you, even if I could or wished with all my heart to reciprocate. May Heaven accept my prayers for your health and listen to them with special favor. In a few days, I hope to hear the masterpiece you've sent me, and nothing would make me happier than to assist you as soon as possible in taking the place that is already prepared for you on Parnassus.

[K.]

[Footnote 1: The "dreadful occurrence" which took place in the end of 1818 in Beethoven's family cannot be discovered.]

[Footnote 1: The "awful event" that happened at the end of 1818 in Beethoven's family is not known.]

260.
TO RIES.

Vienna, April [March?] 30, 1819.

Vienna, April 30, 1819.

DEAR RIES,--

DEAR RIES, --

I am only now able to answer your letter of December 18th. Your sympathy does me good. It is impossible for me to go to London at present, being involved here in various ways; but God will, I trust, aid me, and enable me to visit London next winter, when I shall bring the new symphonies with me.

I can finally reply to your letter from December 18th. Your kindness really helps me. I can’t go to London right now because I'm tied up with various things here; but I trust that God will help me and allow me to visit London next winter, when I'll bring the new symphonies with me.

I every day expect the text for a new oratorio, which I am to write for our Musical Society here, and no doubt it will be of use to us in London also. Do what you can on my behalf, for I greatly need it. I should have been glad to receive any commission from the Philharmonic, but Neate's report of the all but failure of the three overtures vexed me much. Each in its own style not only pleased here, but those in E flat major and C major made a profound impression, so that the fate of those works at the Philharmonic is quite incomprehensible to me.

I expect the text for a new oratorio every day, which I need to write for our Musical Society here, and I'm sure it will also be useful for us in London. Please do whatever you can to help me, as I really need it. I would have been happy to receive any commission from the Philharmonic, but Neate's report about the near failure of the three overtures really frustrated me. Each one was pleasing in its own way, and those in E flat major and C major left a strong impression, so I find it completely baffling how those works were received at the Philharmonic.

You have no doubt received the arrangement of the Quintet [Op. 104, see No. 238] and the Sonata [Op. 106]. See that both, especially the Quintet, be engraved without loss of time. There is no such hurry about the Sonata, though I should like it to appear within two or three months. Never having received the previous letter to which you allude, I had no scruple in disposing of both works here; but for Germany only. It will be at any rate three months before the Sonata appears here, but you must make haste with the Quintet. As soon as you forward me a check for the money, I will send an authority to the publisher, securing him the exclusive right to these works for England, Scotland, Ireland, France, &c., &c.

You’ve probably received the arrangement of the Quintet [Op. 104, see No. 238] and the Sonata [Op. 106]. Please make sure both, especially the Quintet, are engraved as soon as possible. There’s no rush for the Sonata, although I would like it to be published within the next two or three months. Since I never got the previous letter you mentioned, I felt no hesitation in distributing both works here; but only for Germany. It will take at least three months before the Sonata is released here, but you need to hurry with the Quintet. As soon as you send me a check for the payment, I will send an authorization to the publisher, giving him the exclusive rights to these works for England, Scotland, Ireland, France, etc.

You shall receive by the next post the Tempi of the Sonata marked in accordance with Maelzel's metronome. Prince Paul Esterhazy's courier, De Smidt, took the Quintet and the Sonata with him. You shall also have my portrait by the next opportunity, as I understand that you really wish for it.

You will receive the Tempi of the Sonata with the markings according to Maelzel's metronome in the next mail. Prince Paul Esterhazy's courier, De Smidt, took the Quintet and the Sonata with him. You'll also get my portrait at the next opportunity since I understand you really want it.

Farewell! Continue your regard for me,

Farewell! Keep me in mind,

Your friend,
BEETHOVEN.

All sorts of pretty compliments to your pretty wife!!! From me!!!!

All kinds of lovely compliments to your beautiful wife!!! From me!!!!

261.
TO RIES.

Vienna, April 16, 1819.

DEAR RIES,--

Dear Ries,

Here are the Tempi of the Sonata.

Here are the tempos of the Sonata.

1st Allegro, Allegro (alone), erase the assai. Maelzel's metronome [picture of music] = 138.

1st Allegro, Allegro (solo), remove the assai. Maelzel's metronome [picture of music] = 138.

2d movement, Scherzoso. Maelzel's metronome [picture of music] = 80.

3d movement, Maelzel's metronome [picture of music] = 92.

3D movement, Maelzel's metronome [picture of music] = 92.

Observe that a previous bar is to be inserted here, namely:--

[picture of music]

4th movement, Introduzione--largo. Maelzel's metronome [picture of music] = 76.

5th and last movement, 3/4 time. Maelzel's metronome [picture of music] = 144.

5th and final movement, 3/4 time. Maelzel's metronome [picture of music] = 144.

[picture of music]

Pray forgive the confused way in which this is written. It would not surprise you if you knew my situation; you would rather marvel that I accomplish so much in spite of it. The Quintet can no longer be delayed, and must shortly appear; but not the Sonata, until I get an answer from you and the check, which I long to see. The name of the courier is De Smidt, by whom you will receive both the Quintet and Sonata. I beg you will give me an immediate answer. I will write more fully next time.

Please forgive the jumbled way this is written. You would understand my situation and probably be amazed that I manage to get so much done despite it. The Quintet can’t be delayed any longer and needs to be released soon; however, the Sonata will have to wait until I hear back from you and receive the check, which I’m eager to see. The courier's name is De Smidt, and he will deliver both the Quintet and Sonata to you. I kindly ask for an immediate response. I’ll provide more details next time.

In haste, your
BEETHOVEN.

In a hurry, your
BEETHOVEN.

262.
TO RIES.

April 19, 1819.

MY DEAR FRIEND,--

MY DEAR FRIEND, --

I ask your forgiveness a thousand times for the trouble I cause you. I cannot understand how it is that there are so many mistakes in the copying of the Sonata. This incorrectness no doubt proceeds from my no longer being able to keep a copyist of my own; circumstances have brought this about. May God send me more prosperity, till ---- is in a better position! This will not be for a whole year to come. It is really dreadful the turn affairs have taken, and the reduction of my salary, while no man can tell what the issue is to be till the aforesaid year has elapsed.

I apologize a thousand times for the trouble I’ve caused you. I can’t understand how there are so many mistakes in the copying of the Sonata. This issue is likely due to the fact that I can no longer keep a copyist; circumstances have changed. I hope God blesses me with more success until ---- is in a better situation! But that won’t happen for a whole year. It’s really terrible how things have turned out, and my salary has been cut, while no one knows what the outcome will be until that year is over.

If the Sonata be not suitable for London, I could send another, or you might omit the Largo, and begin at once with the Fugue in the last movement, or the first movement, Adagio, and the third the Scherzo, the Largo, and the Allegro risoluto. I leave it to you to settle as you think best. This Sonata was written at a time of great pressure. It is hard to write for the sake of daily bread; and yet I have actually come to this!

If the Sonata isn't suitable for London, I can send another one, or you could skip the Largo and start right away with the Fugue in the last movement, or the first movement, Adagio, and then the third, which is the Scherzo, then the Largo, and the Allegro risoluto. I'll leave it to you to decide what you think is best. This Sonata was written during a very stressful time. It's tough to create just to make a living; and yet, this is where I actually find myself!

We can correspond again about my visit to London. To be rescued from this wretched and miserable condition is my only hope of deliverance, for as it is I can neither enjoy health, nor accomplish what I could do under more favorable auspices.

We can talk again about my trip to London. Being saved from this awful and miserable situation is my only hope for freedom, because right now, I can't enjoy good health, nor can I do what I could achieve under better circumstances.

263.
TO THE PHILHARMONIC SOCIETY IN LAIBACH.^[1]

Vienna, May 4, 1819.

I fully appreciate the high compliment paid to me by the respected members of the Philharmonic Society, in acknowledgment of my poor musical deserts, by electing me honorary member of their Society, and sending me the diploma through Herr von Tuscher; and as a proof of my sense of this honor, I intend in due course to forward to the Society an unpublished work of mine.^[2] Moreover, at any time when I can be of use to the Society, I shall be prepared to forward their wishes.

I truly appreciate the generous compliment from the esteemed members of the Philharmonic Society, recognizing my limited musical contributions, by naming me an honorary member of their Society and sending me the diploma via Herr von Tuscher. To show my gratitude for this honor, I plan to send the Society an unpublished work of mine in due time.^[2] Additionally, whenever I can assist the Society, I am ready to support their needs.

I remain,
the humble servant and honorary member
of the Philharmonic Society,
LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN.

[Footnote 1: In Dr. Fr. Keesbacher's pamphlet, "The Philharmonic Society in Laibach, from 1702 to 1862," he says:--"The Philharmonic Society, always anxious to add to its lustre by attracting honorary members, resolved to appoint the great master of harmony as one of these. This idea had previously occurred to them in 1808. At that time they asked Dr. Anton Schmidt whether he thought that the election of Beethoven, and also Hummel's son, would contribute to the advancement of the Society. On that occasion the Society appear to have had recourse to Haydn for the composition of a Canon; whether they applied to him for a new one or an already existing one is not known. Schmidt replied, 'I, for my part, with such an object in view, would prefer giving my vote for the latter, (Hummel's son, who is second Kapellmeister, Haydn being the first, to the reigning Prince Niklas Esterhazy.) Beethoven is as full of caprice as he is devoid of complaisance. I have not seen Father Haydn for a long time, his residence being so distant. He is now in failing health and scarcely ever writes; I will, however, shortly call on him and make the attempt to get a Canon from him.' This discouraging picture of Beethoven, who had indeed too often a repulsive manner, might well deprive the Society of all courage to think any more of him as one of their honorary members. On the 15th of March, 1819, however, the Society prepared the diploma for Beethoven, the usually stereotyped form being exceptionally varied in his honor, and running thus:--'The Philharmonic Society here, whose aim it is to promote refinement of feeling and cultivation of taste in the science of music, and who strive by their incessant efforts to impart to the Society both inwardly and outwardly, by the judicious selection of new members, greater value, solidity, and distinction, are universally animated with the desire to see their list adorned by the name of Beethoven. The organ of this society, the undersigned directors, fulfil the general wish in thus performing their most agreeable duty, and giving you, sir, the strongest proof of their profound admiration, by appointing you one of their honorary members.--Laibach, March 15, 1819.'" A fac-simile of Beethoven's handwriting is hung up in a frame under glass in the hall of the Society and affixed to Dr. Keesbacher's pamphlet.]

[Footnote 1: In Dr. Fr. Keesbacher's pamphlet, "The Philharmonic Society in Laibach, from 1702 to 1862," he states:--"The Philharmonic Society, always eager to enhance its prestige by attracting honorary members, decided to appoint the great master of harmony as one of them. This idea had already been considered in 1808. At that time, they asked Dr. Anton Schmidt if he thought that electing Beethoven, along with Hummel's son, would help advance the Society. On that occasion, the Society seems to have turned to Haydn to compose a Canon; it's unclear whether they requested a new piece or one that already existed. Schmidt responded, 'For my part, with such an aim in mind, I would rather vote for the latter, (Hummel's son, who is the second Kapellmeister, with Haydn as the first, to the reigning Prince Niklas Esterhazy.) Beethoven is as unpredictable as he is lacking in charm. I haven't seen Father Haydn for a long time because he lives so far away. He is now in poor health and hardly ever writes; I will, however, visit him soon and try to get a Canon from him.' This discouraging view of Beethoven, who often had an off-putting demeanor, might well have dissuaded the Society from considering him as one of their honorary members. However, on March 15, 1819, the Society prepared the diploma for Beethoven, with the usually standard format being uniquely modified in his honor, stating:--'The Philharmonic Society here, whose goal is to promote a refinement of feeling and cultivation of taste in the science of music, and who strive with their continuous efforts to bring greater value, stability, and distinction to the Society both internally and externally through the careful selection of new members, is universally driven by the desire to have the name of Beethoven gracing their list. The representatives of this Society, the undersigned directors, fulfill the collective wish by performing their most agreeable duty, and providing you, sir, with the strongest evidence of their deep admiration by appointing you as one of their honorary members.--Laibach, March 15, 1819.'" A facsimile of Beethoven's handwriting is displayed in a frame under glass in the hall of the Society and attached to Dr. Keesbacher's pamphlet.]

[Footnote 2: We are told, "One work alone of Beethoven's in the collection of the Society bears visible marks of coming from his own hand, and that is the Pastoral Symphony." The above-mentioned copy is a MS. score (though not in his writing); on the cover is written by himself in red pencil, now almost illegible, "Sinfonie Pastorale;" and underneath are inscribed the following words in ink by another hand: "Beethoven's writing in red pencil." This score contains various corrections in pencil. Two of these appear to be by Beethoven, but unluckily the pencil marks are so much effaced that it is difficult to decide as to the writing. In the scene "By the Rivulet," where the 12/8 time begins (in B flat major), these words are written, "Violoncelli tutti con Basso." The B especially recalls his mode of writing. Moreover the tempo at the beginning of "The Shepherd's Song," (in F, 6/8 time,) allegretto, is qualified by the same hand in pencil thus, Quasi allegro. No direct proof exists of this being sent by him.]

[Footnote 2: We learn that "Only one piece by Beethoven in the Society's collection shows clear signs of being from his own hand, and that is the Pastoral Symphony." This mentioned copy is a manuscript score (though not in his handwriting); on the cover, he wrote in red pencil, now nearly unreadable, "Sinfonie Pastorale;" and below that are the words in ink by someone else: "Beethoven's writing in red pencil." This score has various pencil corrections. Two of these appear to be by Beethoven, but unfortunately, the pencil marks are so faded that it's hard to determine the handwriting. In the section "By the Rivulet," where the 12/8 time starts (in B flat major), these words are noted: "Violoncelli tutti con Basso." The B especially resembles his writing style. Additionally, the tempo at the start of "The Shepherd's Song," (in F, 6/8 time,) allegretto

264.
TO F. RIES,--LONDON.

Vienna, May 25, 1819.
Vienna, May 25, 1819.

... I was at the time burdened with cares beyond all I had ever in my life known,^[1] caused solely by my too lavish benefits to others. Do compose industriously! My dear pupil the Archduke Rudolph and I frequently play your works, and he says that my quondam pupil does honor to his master. Now farewell! as I hear that your wife is so handsome, I venture to embrace her in imagination only, though I hope to have that pleasure in person next winter.
... I was overwhelmed with worries like I had never experienced before,^[1] all caused by my excessive generosity towards others. Please keep composing diligently! My dear student, Archduke Rudolph, and I often play your pieces, and he says that my former pupil brings honor to his teacher. Now, goodbye! Since I hear that your wife is very beautiful, I can only imagine embracing her, but I hope to have that pleasure in person next winter.

Do not forget the Quintet, and the Sonata, and the money, I mean the Honoraire, avec ou sans honneur. I hope soon to hear good news from you, not in allegro time, but veloce prestissimo.
Do not forget the Quintet, and the Sonata, and the money, I mean the Honoraire, avec ou sans honneur. I hope to hear good news from you soon, not in allegro time, but veloce prestissimo.

This letter will be given to you by an intelligent Englishman; they are generally very able fellows, with whom I should like to pass some time in their own country.
This letter will be given to you by a smart Englishman; they are usually very capable people, and I would enjoy spending some time in their country.

Prestissimo--Responsio
De suo amico e Maestro,
Very fast--Response
About his friend and teacher,

BEETHOVEN.
Beethoven.

[Footnote 1: In Schindler's Beethoven's Nachlass there is a large calendar of the years 1819 used by Beethoven, in which he has marked, "Arrived at Mödling May 12!!!--miser sum pauper." Carl too was again ill at that time. Beethoven took him to Blöchlinger's Institution, June 22.]
[Footnote 1: In Schindler's Beethoven's Nachlass, there is a large calendar from 1819 that Beethoven used, where he noted, "Arrived at Mödling May 12!!!--miser sum pauper." Carl was also sick again at that time. Beethoven took him to Blöchlinger's Institution on June 22.]

265.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

1819.
1819.

I learned with deep sorrow of your being again unwell; I trust it will only be a passing indisposition. No doubt our very variable spring is the cause of this. I intended to have brought the variations [see No. 259] yesterday; they may well boldly face the light of day, and no doubt Y.R.H. will receive an application for your consent on this point. I very much regret being only able to express a pia desideria for Y.R.H's. health. I earnestly hope the skill of your Aesculapius may at length gain the victory and procure permanent health for Y.R.H.
I was really sorry to hear that you're unwell again; I hope it’s just a temporary setback. I'm sure the unpredictable spring weather is to blame. I meant to bring the variations [see No. 259] yesterday; they’re ready to be shared, and I’m sure you’ll be asked for your approval on this. I'm truly sorry that I can only express my heartfelt wishes for your health. I sincerely hope your doctor can finally help you regain your health permanently.

[K.]
[K.]

266.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

Mödling, July 15, 1819.
Mödling, July 15, 1819.

I have been very ill since my last visit to Y.R.H. in town; I hope however to be much better by next week, in which case I will instantly join Y.R.H. at Baden. Meanwhile I went several times to town to consult my physician. My continued distress about my nephew, whose moral character has been almost totally ruined, has been the main cause of my illness. At the beginning of this week I was obliged to resume my guardianship, the other guardian having resigned, and much has taken place for which he has asked my forgiveness. The solicitor has also given up his office, because, having interested himself in the good cause, he has been loudly accused of partiality. Thus these endless perplexities go on, and no help, no consolation! The whole fabric that I had reared now blown away as if by the wind! A pupil of Pestalozzi, at present an inmate of the Institute where I have placed my nephew, seems to think that it will be a difficult matter for him and for my poor Carl to attain any desirable goal. But he is also of opinion that the most advisable step is the removal of my nephew to a foreign country! I hope that the health of Y.R.H., always so interesting to me, leaves nothing to be desired, and I look forward with pleasure to soon being with Y.R.H., that I may be enabled to prove my anxiety to serve you.
I have been very sick since my last visit with Y.R.H. in town; however, I hope to feel much better by next week, in which case I will immediately join Y.R.H. in Baden. In the meantime, I’ve gone into town several times to see my doctor. My ongoing worry about my nephew, whose moral character has nearly been destroyed, has been the main reason for my illness. At the beginning of this week, I had to take up my role as guardian again since the other guardian has resigned, and a lot has happened for which he has asked my forgiveness. The lawyer has also stepped down because, after getting involved in the good cause, he has been loudly accused of bias. So, these endless troubles continue, with no help and no comfort! The entire foundation I built has been swept away like it was nothing! A student of Pestalozzi, who is currently living at the Institute where my nephew is, thinks it will be tough for him and my poor Carl to reach any meaningful goal. However, he also believes that the best option is to relocate my nephew to a different country! I hope Y.R.H.'s health, which always concerns me, is optimal, and I look forward to being with Y.R.H. soon so I can show my eagerness to support you.

[K.]
[K.]

267.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

1819.
1819.

May I beg the favor of Y.R.H. to inform H.R.H. Archduke Ludwig of the following circumstances. Y.R.H. no doubt remembers my mentioning the necessary removal of my nephew from here, on account of his mother. My intention was to present a petition to H.R.H. Archduke Ludwig on the subject; no difficulties however have hitherto arisen on the subject, as all the authorities concerned are in my favor. Among the chief of these are the College of Privy Councillors, the Court of Guardians, and the guardian himself, who all entirely agree with me in thinking that nothing can be more conducive to the welfare of my nephew than being kept at the greatest possible distance from his mother; moreover, all is admirably arranged for the education of my nephew in Landshut, as the estimable and renowned Professor Sailer is to superintend everything connected with the studies of the youth, and I have also some relations there, so no doubt the most desirable results may be thus attained for my nephew. Having, as I already said, as yet encountered no obstacles, I had no wish whatever to trouble H.R.H. the Archduke Ludwig, but I now understand that the mother of my nephew intends to demand an audience from H.R.H. in order to oppose my scheme. She will not scruple to utter all sorts of calumnies against me, but I trust these can be easily refuted by my well known and acknowledged moral character, and I can fearlessly appeal to Y.R.H. for a testimony on this point for the satisfaction of H.R.H. Archduke Ludwig. As for the conduct of the mother of my nephew, it is easily to be inferred from the fact of her having been declared by the Court wholly incapable of undertaking the guardianship of her son. All that she plotted in order to ruin her poor child can only be credited from her own depravity, and thence arises the unanimous agreement about this affair, and the boy being entirely withdrawn from her influence. Such is the natural and unnatural state of the case. I therefore beg Y.R.H. to intercede with H.R.H. Archduke Ludwig, and to warn him against listening to the slanders of the mother, who would plunge her child into an abyss whence he could never be rescued. That sense of justice which guides every party in our just Austrian land, does not entirely exclude her either; at the same time, this very same sense of justice must render all her remonstrances unavailing. A religious view of the Fourth Commandment is what chiefly decides the Court to send away the son as far as possible. The difficulty those must have who conduct the boy's education in not offending against this commandment, and the necessity that the son should never be tempted to fail in this duty or to repudiate it, ought certainly to be taken into consideration. Every effort has been made by forbearance and generosity to amend this unnatural mother, but all has been in vain. If necessary I will supply H.R.H. Archduke Ludwig with a statement on the subject, and, favored by the advocacy of my gracious master Y.R.H. the Archduke Rudolph, I shall certainly obtain justice.
May I kindly ask for your help in informing His Royal Highness Archduke Ludwig about the following situation? You probably remember me mentioning the need to move my nephew from here due to his mother. I intended to present a petition to His Royal Highness Archduke Ludwig regarding this, but so far, no issues have come up since all the relevant authorities support me. Among the main supporters are the College of Privy Councillors, the Court of Guardians, and the guardian himself, all of whom completely agree that keeping my nephew as far away as possible from his mother is best for his well-being. Additionally, everything is perfectly arranged for my nephew's education in Landshut, as the esteemed and well-known Professor Sailer will oversee all aspects of the boy's studies, and I also have some relatives there, so the most favorable outcomes can certainly be achieved for my nephew. As I mentioned earlier, since I have faced no obstacles so far, I didn't want to trouble His Royal Highness Archduke Ludwig. However, I now understand that my nephew's mother plans to request an audience with His Royal Highness to oppose my plan. She won't hesitate to make all sorts of false claims against me, but I believe these can be easily disproven by my well-known and recognized character, and I can confidently ask you for a reference on this matter for the benefit of His Royal Highness Archduke Ludwig. As for my nephew's mother's behavior, it can easily be inferred from the fact that the Court has declared her completely incapable of taking care of her son. Everything she has schemed to ruin her poor child stems from her own moral failings, and that is why everyone agrees on this matter, leading to the boy being kept entirely out of her reach. This is how things stand, naturally and otherwise. I therefore request you to advocate for me with His Royal Highness Archduke Ludwig and to caution him against believing the mother’s slanders, which would lead her child into a situation he could never escape from. The sense of justice that guides everyone in our just Austrian land does apply to her as well; however, this same sense of justice should make her arguments ineffective. A religious understanding of the Fourth Commandment is what primarily drives the Court's decision to keep the son as far away as possible. The difficulties faced by those responsible for educating the boy in not violating this commandment, as well as the need to ensure the son is never tempted to neglect this duty, should certainly be considered. Every effort has been made through patience and generosity to rehabilitate this unnatural mother, but it has all been in vain. If needed, I will provide His Royal Highness Archduke Ludwig with a statement on the matter, and with the support of my gracious master, Your Royal Highness Archduke Rudolph, I will certainly obtain justice.

[K.]
[K.]

268.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

1819.
1819.

I regret to say that, owing to a judicial meeting about the affairs of my nephew (being unable to alter the hour fixed), I must give up the pleasure of waiting on Y.R.H. this evening, but shall not fail to do so to-morrow at half-past four o'clock. As for the affair itself, I know that I shall be treated with indulgence. May Heaven at length bring it to a close! for my mind suffers keenly from such a painful turmoil.
I’m sorry to say that due to a court meeting regarding my nephew (I can’t change the scheduled time), I have to miss the pleasure of seeing Your Royal Highness this evening, but I won’t hesitate to come by tomorrow at 4:30 PM. As for the situation itself, I know I will be treated with understanding. I hope Heaven finally brings it to an end because my mind is really struggling with this stressful chaos.

[K.]
[K.]

269.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

Mödling, July 29, 1819.
Mödling, July 29, 1819.

I heard with deep regret of Y.R.H.'s recent indisposition, and having received no further reliable information on the subject, I am extremely uneasy. I went to Vienna to search in Y.R.H.'s library for what was most suitable to me. The chief object must be to hit off our idea at once, and in accordance with a high class of art, unless the object in view should require different and more practical treatment. On this point the ancient composers offer the best examples, as most of these possess real artistic value (though among them the German Handel and Sebastian Bach can alone lay claim to genius); but freedom and progress are our true aim in the world of art, just as in the great creation at large; and if we moderns are not so far advanced as our forefathers in solidity, still the refinement of our ideas has contributed in many ways to their enlargement. My illustrious musical pupil, himself a competitor for the laurels of fame, must not incur the reproach of onesidedness, et iterum venturus judicare vivos et mortuos. I send you three poems, from which Y.R.H. might select one to set to music. The Austrians have now learned that the spirit of Apollo wakes afresh in the Imperial House; I receive from all sides requests for something of yours. The editor of the "Mode Zeitung" is to write to Y.R.H. on the subject. I only hope that I shall not be accused of being bribed--to be at court and yet no courtier! After that, what is not credible??!!!
I heard with great sadness about Y.R.H.'s recent illness, and since I haven't received any reliable updates on the situation, I'm really worried. I went to Vienna to look through Y.R.H.'s library for what would suit me best. The main goal is to capture our idea right away and in line with a high standard of art, unless the situation calls for a different and more practical approach. On this topic, the old composers provide the best examples, as most of them have genuine artistic value (although only German Handel and Sebastian Bach can truly claim genius); but freedom and progress are our real goals in the art world, just as they are in the larger scope of creation. And while we moderns may not be as advanced as our forefathers in terms of solidarity, the refinement of our ideas has greatly contributed to their expansion. My distinguished musical student, who is competing for fame, must not be criticized for being one-sided, and will again judge the living and the dead. I'm sending you three poems, from which Y.R.H. can choose one to set to music. The Austrians have now realized that the spirit of Apollo has awakened again in the Imperial House; I'm getting requests from everywhere for something of yours. The editor of the "Mode Zeitung" will be writing to Y.R.H. about this. I just hope I won't be accused of being bribed—to be at court and yet not a courtier! After that, what is even believable??!!!

I met with some opposition from His Excellency the Obersthofmeister^[1] in selecting the music. It is not worth while to trouble Y.R.H. on the subject in writing; but this I will say, that such conduct might have the effect of repelling many talented, good, and noble-minded men, who had not enjoyed the good fortune to learn from personal intercourse with Y.R.H. all the admirable qualities of your mind and heart. I wish Y.R.H. a speedy, speedy recovery, and, for my own peace of mind, that I may hear some good tidings of Y.R.H.
I faced some resistance from His Excellency the Obersthofmeister^[1] when it came to choosing the music. It’s not worth bothering Y.R.H. about this in writing; however, I will say that such behavior could end up driving away many skilled, good, and noble-minded individuals who haven’t had the chance to learn firsthand from Y.R.H. all the wonderful traits of your mind and heart. I wish Y.R.H. a quick recovery, and, for my own peace of mind, I hope to hear some good news about Y.R.H.

[K.]
[K.]

[Footnote 1: Probably the Obersthofmeister, Count Laurencin, by no means approved of the manner in which Beethoven searched for music, which accounts for this outbreak on the part of the irritable maestro.]
[Footnote 1: Likely the Obersthofmeister, Count Laurencin, definitely did not approve of how Beethoven looked for music, which explains this outburst from the irritable maestro.]

270.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

1819.
1819.

I have unhappily only myself to blame! I went out yesterday for the first time, feeling pretty well, but I forgot, or rather paid no attention to the fact, that, being an invalid only just recovering, I ought to have gone home early; I have consequently brought on another attack. I think, however, that by staying at home to-day, all will be right by to-morrow, when I hope to be able to wait on my esteemed and illustrious pupil without fail. I beg Y.R.H. not to forget about Handel's works, as they certainly offer to your mature musical genius the highest nourishment, and their study will always be productive of admiration of this great man.
I can only blame myself for this! I went out yesterday for the first time, feeling pretty good, but I forgot, or didn't pay attention to the fact, that since I'm still recovering, I should have gone home early; as a result, I've brought on another setback. However, I think that by staying home today, I'll be fine by tomorrow, when I hope to be ready to take care of my esteemed and talented student without fail. I kindly ask Your Royal Highness not to forget about Handel's works, as they definitely provide your sophisticated musical talent with great inspiration, and studying them will always deepen your appreciation for this great composer.

[K.]
[K.]

271.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

Mödling, Aug. 31, 1819.
Mödling, August 31, 1819.

I yesterday received the intelligence of a fresh recognition and homage^[1] offered to the admirable qualities of your head and heart. I beg that Y.R.H. will graciously accept my congratulations. They spring from the heart, and do not require to be suggested! I hope things will soon go better with me also. So much annoyance has had a most prejudicial effect on my health, and I am thus far from well; so for some time past I have been obliged to undergo a course of medicine which has only permitted me to devote myself for a few hours in the day to the most cherished boon of Heaven, my art and the Muses. I hope, however, to be able to finish the Mass^[2] so that it can be performed on the 19th--if that day is still fixed. I should really be in despair^[3] were I prevented by bad health from being ready by that time. I trust, however, that my sincere wishes for the accomplishment of this task may be fulfilled. As to that chef-d'oeuvre, the variations of Y.R.H., I think they should be published under the following title:--
I received news yesterday of a new recognition and tribute offered to the amazing qualities of your mind and heart. I hope you will graciously accept my congratulations. They come from the heart and don't need to be suggested! I also hope that things will improve for me soon. So much stress has taken a serious toll on my health, and I'm not feeling well; I've had to follow a course of medication that has only allowed me to dedicate a few hours each day to my greatest passion, my art and the Muses. However, I hope to finish the Mass so it can be performed on the 19th—if that date is still set. I would truly be devastated if my bad health prevented me from being ready by then. I trust, though, that my sincere wishes for completing this task will come true. As for that masterpiece, the variations of Your Royal Highness, I think they should be published under the following title:--

Theme or Subject
composed by L. van Beethoven,
forty times varied,
and dedicated to his Instructor,
by the Illustrious Author.
Theme or Subject
composed by L. van Beethoven,
forty variations,
and dedicated to his teacher,
by the renowned author.

The inquiries about this work are numerous, and yet, after all, this excellent composition may be ushered into the world in mutilated copies, for Y.R.H. yourself cannot possibly resist giving it first to one person and then to another; so, in Heaven's name, together with the great homage Y.R.H. now publicly receives, let the homage to Apollo (or the Christian Cecilia) also be made public. Perhaps Y.R.H. may accuse me of vanity; but I do assure you that precious as this dedication is to my heart, and truly proud of it as I am, this is certainly not my chief object. Three publishers have offered to take the work,--Artaria, Steiner, and a third whose name does not at this moment occur to me. So of the two I have named, which is to have the variations? I await the commands of Y.R.H. on this point. They are to be engraved at the cost of either of those publishers, according to their own offer. The question now is whether Y.R.H. is satisfied with the title. My idea is that Y.R.H. should entirely close your eyes to the fact of the publication; when it does appear, Y.R.H. may deem it a misfortune, but the world will consider it the reverse. May Providence protect Y.R.H., and shower down the richest blessings of His grace on Y.R.H.'s sacred head, and preserve for me your gracious regard! [On the cover] My indisposition must be my excuse with Y.R.H. for this confused letter.
The questions about this work are many, and yet, despite everything, this fantastic piece may enter the world in incomplete versions, since Your Royal Highness can't help but give it first to one person and then to another. So, in Heaven's name, along with the great respect Your Royal Highness is now publicly receiving, let the respect for Apollo (or Christian Cecilia) also be made public. Perhaps Your Royal Highness might accuse me of vanity; but I assure you that as precious as this dedication is to my heart, and as proud as I am of it, this is certainly not my main goal. Three publishers have offered to take on the work—Artaria, Steiner, and a third name that currently escapes me. So between the two I’ve mentioned, which one will get the variations? I await Your Royal Highness's instructions on this matter. They will be engraved at the expense of either of those publishers, according to their own offer. The question now is whether Your Royal Highness is satisfied with the title. My suggestion is that Your Royal Highness should completely ignore the fact of the publication; when it does come out, Your Royal Highness may see it as unfortunate, but the world will think otherwise. May Providence protect Your Royal Highness and shower the richest blessings of His grace upon Your Royal Highness's sacred head, and preserve your kind regard for me! [On the cover] My illness must be my excuse to Your Royal Highness for this mixed-up letter.

[K.]
[K.]

[Footnote 1: The Emperor Francis had sent the new Archbishop of Olmütz, Archduke Rudolph, the Grand Cross of the Order of St. Stephen.]
[Footnote 1: Emperor Francis had sent the new Archbishop of Olmütz, Archduke Rudolph, the Grand Cross of the Order of St. Stephen.]

[Footnote 2: The Mass for the solemnities of the Archduke Rudolph's enthronization in Olmütz (March 20, 1820) was not completed by Beethoven till 1822.]
[Footnote 2: The Mass for the formal celebration of Archduke Rudolph's enthronization in Olmütz (March 20, 1820) wasn't finished by Beethoven until 1822.]

[Footnote 3: Beethoven had, however, no cause for despair on the subject. The kind-hearted Archduke showed the utmost indulgence to him on this occasion as well as on many others, and even at a later period accepted the dedication of this long delayed composition.]
[Footnote 3: Beethoven had, however, no reason to feel hopeless about it. The kind-hearted Archduke was extremely supportive of him during this time, as he had been on many other occasions, and even later on, he accepted the dedication of this long-delayed composition.]

272.^[1]
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

1819.
1819.

I perceive that Baron Schweiger has not informed Y.R.H. of the attack I had yesterday. I was suddenly seized with such sharp fever that I entirely lost consciousness; a bruised foot may have contributed to bring this on. It is therefore impossible for me to leave the house to-day. I hope, however, to be quite recovered by to-morrow, and I request Y.R.H. to appoint the orchestra to come to-morrow afternoon at a quarter to three o'clock, that the musicians may appear a little earlier, and leave sufficient time to try over the two Overtures. If Y.R.H. wishes to hear these, I shall require four horns; the Symphonies, however, require only two. For the proper performance of the Symphonies we must have at least four violins, four second, four first, two double basses, two violoncellos. I beg you will be so good as to let me know what you decide on. No pleasure can ever be greater to me than hearing my works performed before my illustrious pupil. May God speedily restore your health, which often causes me anxiety!
I see that Baron Schweiger hasn’t informed Your Royal Highness about the attack I had yesterday. I was suddenly hit with such a high fever that I completely lost consciousness; it’s possible that a bruised foot contributed to this. Because of that, I can’t leave the house today. However, I hope to be fully recovered by tomorrow. I kindly request that Your Royal Highness schedule the orchestra to come tomorrow afternoon at a quarter to three, so the musicians can come a bit earlier and we have enough time to rehearse the two Overtures. If Your Royal Highness wants to hear them, I will need four horns; the Symphonies, however, only need two. For a proper performance of the Symphonies, we’ll need at least four violins, four second violins, four first violins, two double basses, and two cellos. I would appreciate it if you could let me know what you decide. There’s nothing that brings me more joy than hearing my works performed in front of my esteemed pupil. May God quickly restore your health, which often worries me!

[K.]
[K.]

[Footnote 1: The letters 272, 273, 274, relate to arrangements for musical meetings at which Beethoven caused his new works to be played for the Archduke.]
[Footnote 1: The letters 272, 273, 274, refer to plans for music gatherings where Beethoven had his new pieces performed for the Archduke.]

273.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

1819.
1819.

I beg you will be so kind as to let Herr von Wranitzky^[1] know your commands about the music, and whether to bespeak two or four horns. I have already spoken with him, and suggested his only selecting musicians who can accomplish a performance, rather than a mere rehearsal.
I kindly ask you to inform Herr von Wranitzky^[1] about your preferences regarding the music, and whether you want to request two or four horns. I've already talked to him and suggested that he only choose musicians who can deliver a performance, not just a rehearsal.

[K.]
[K.]

[Footnote 1: Anton Wranitzky (born 1760, died 1819), director of Prince Lobkowitz's opera and band. His brother Paul (born 1756, died 1808) was from 1785 to 1808 Kapellmeister at the Royal Opera in Vienna.]
[Footnote 1: Anton Wranitzky (1760–1819) was the director of Prince Lobkowitz's opera and orchestra. His brother Paul (1756–1808) served as the Kapellmeister at the Royal Opera in Vienna from 1785 to 1808.]

274.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

1819.
1819.

It is impossible to double the parts by eleven o'clock to-morrow, most of the copyists having so much to write this week. I think therefore you will perhaps appoint next Saturday for our resurrection day, and by that time I expect to be entirely recovered, and better able to conduct, which would have been rather an arduous task for me to-morrow, in spite of my good-will. On Friday I do hope to be able to go out and inquire for Y.R.H.
It’s impossible to double the parts by eleven o'clock tomorrow since most of the copyists have so much to write this week. So, I think it would be better to plan for next Saturday as our resurrection day, and by then I expect to be fully recovered and more capable of leading, which would have been quite a challenge for me tomorrow, even with my willingness to do so. On Friday, I hope to be able to go out and check on Y.R.H.

[K.]
[K.]

275.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

1819.
1819.

(A Fragment.)
(A Fragment.)

The day when a High Mass of mine is performed in honor of the solemnities for Y.R.H. will be the most delightful of my life, and God will enlighten me so that my poor abilities may contribute to the splendors of that solemn occasion. I send you the Sonata with heartfelt gratitude; I think the violoncello part is wanting,--at least I could not lay my hand on it at the moment. As the work is beautifully engraved, I have taken the liberty to add a published copy, and also a violin quintet. In addition to the two pieces written in my hand on Y.R.H.'s name-day, there are two more; the last a grand Fugato, so that it forms one great sonata,^[1] which is now shortly to appear, and has been long in my heart dedicated to Y.R.H. The recent occurrence connected with Y.R.H.^[2] is not in the slightest degree the cause of this. I beg you will forgive my bad writing. I implore the Lord to bestow His richest blessings on Y.R.H., whose love of humanity is so comprehensive,--one of the choicest of all qualities; and in this respect Y.R.H. will always, either in a worldly or spiritual point of view, be one of our brightest examples.
The day when my High Mass is held in honor of Your Royal Highness will be the most wonderful day of my life, and I hope God gives me clarity so that my limited talents can add to the beauty of that special occasion. I’m sending you the Sonata with heartfelt thanks; I believe the violoncello part is missing—I couldn’t find it at the moment. Since the work is beautifully printed, I took the liberty of including a published copy, as well as a violin quintet. In addition to the two pieces I created for Your Royal Highness’s name-day, there are two more; the last is a grand Fugato, making it one complete sonata,^[1] which will soon be available and has long been close to my heart, dedicated to Your Royal Highness. The recent event related to Your Royal Highness^[2] is in no way the reason for this. I ask for your forgiveness for my poor handwriting. I pray that the Lord grants His greatest blessings to Your Royal Highness, whose love for humanity is so vast—one of the most admirable qualities; because of this, Your Royal Highness will always be one of our greatest examples, whether in a worldly or spiritual sense.

[K.]
[K.]

[Footnote 1: The Grand Sonata with two movements, and two additional ones, of which the last is a grand fugued one, can scarcely be any other than the pianoforte Sonata (Op. 106) composed in 1818, dedicated to the Archduke Rudolph, and published in September, 1819.]
[Footnote 1: The Grand Sonata with two movements, and two additional ones, of which the last is a grand fugued one, can hardly be anything other than the piano Sonata (Op. 106) composed in 1818, dedicated to Archduke Rudolph, and published in September 1819.]

[Footnote 2: The "recent occurrence" to which Beethoven alludes is no doubt his being appointed Archbishop.]
[Footnote 2: The "recent occurrence" that Beethoven refers to is clearly his appointment as Archbishop.]

276.
TO HERR BLÖCHLINGER.

Mödling, Sept. 14, 1819.
Mödling, September 14, 1819.

85 florins enclosed.
85 florins included.

DEAR SIR,--
Dear Sir,

I have the honor to send you payment for the ensuing month, which begins on the 22d Sept., and I add 10 florins in order to provide for any unforeseen expenses, which you will please account for to me on the 12th October. The following persons alone are to have free access to my nephew: Herr von Bernard, Herr von Oliva, Herr von Piuss.
I’m pleased to send you payment for the upcoming month, starting on September 22nd, and I’ve added 10 florins to cover any unexpected expenses, which I’d like you to account for on October 12th. Only the following people are allowed to visit my nephew: Mr. von Bernard, Mr. von Oliva, Mr. von Piuss.

If any persons, exclusive of those I have named, wish to see my nephew, I will give them a letter to you, when you will be so obliging as to admit them; for the distance to your house is considerable, and those who go there can only do so to oblige me, as, for example, the bandage-maker, &c., &c.
If anyone, besides the people I’ve mentioned, wants to see my nephew, I’ll give them a letter to you, and you’ll kindly let them in; because the distance to your house is quite far, and anyone who goes there is really doing it as a favor to me, like the bandage-maker, etc., etc.

My nephew must never leave your house without a written permission from me. From this you will at once plainly perceive your line of conduct towards Carl's mother. I must impress on you the necessity of these rules (proceeding from the magistrates and myself) being strictly enforced. You, dear sir, are too little experienced in these circumstances, however obvious your other merits are to me, to act on your own judgment in the matter, as you have hitherto done. Credulity can in the present instance only lead to embarrassment, the result of which might prove injurious to you rather than beneficial, and this I wish to avoid for the sake of your own credit.
My nephew must never leave your house without written permission from me. From this, you will clearly see how to handle things with Carl's mother. I need to stress the importance of these rules (which come from the magistrates and me) being strictly followed. You, dear sir, are too inexperienced in these situations, despite your other obvious qualities, to rely on your own judgment in this matter, as you have done so far. Being too trusting in this case can only lead to complications, which could harm your reputation rather than help it, and I want to avoid that for your own benefit.

I hear that my nephew requires, or at all events wishes to have, a variety of things from me; he has only to apply to myself. Be so good as to forward all his letters through Herr Steiner & Co., Pater Noster Gässel, auf'm Graben.
I hear that my nephew needs, or at least wants, a bunch of things from me; he just has to reach out to me directly. Please send all his letters through Herr Steiner & Co., Pater Noster Gässel, auf'm Graben.

Your obedient
BEETHOVEN,
Sole guardian of my nephew Carl Van Beethoven.
Your devoted
BEETHOVEN,
Only protector of my nephew Carl Van Beethoven.

N.B. Any outlay will be at once repaid.
N.B. Any expenses will be repaid immediately.

277.

Vienna, Sept. 21, 1819.
Vienna, Sept. 21, 1819.

In honor of the visit of Herr Schlesinger of Berlin.
In honor of the visit from Mr. Schlesinger of Berlin.

L. V. BEETHOVEN.
L. V. Beethoven.

278.
TO HERR ARTARIA,--VIENNA.

Oct. 1, 1819.
Oct. 1, 1819.

MOST EXCELLENT AND MOST VIRTUOUS OF VIRTUOSI, AND NO HUMBUG!
MOST EXCELLENT AND MOST VIRTUOUS OF VIRTUOSI, AND NO HUMBUG!

While informing you of all sorts of things from which we hope you will draw the best conclusions, we request you to send us six (say 6) copies of the Sonata in B flat major, and also six copies of the variations on the Scotch songs, as the author's right. We beg you to forward them to Steiner, in Pater Noster Gässel, whence they will be sent to us with some other things.
While sharing various details from which we hope you will make good judgments, we ask you to send us six (that is, 6) copies of the Sonata in B flat major, as well as six copies of the variations on the Scotch songs, according to the author's rights. Please send them to Steiner in Pater Noster Gässel, and they will be forwarded to us along with some other items.

In the hope that you are conducting yourself with all due propriety and decorum, we are your, &c.,
In the hope that you are behaving with all proper manners and respect, we are yours, &c.,

B----.
B----.

279.
A SKETCH WRITTEN BY BEETHOVEN,--

Corrected by Artaria's Bookkeeper, Wuister.
Corrected by Artaria's Bookkeeper, Wuister.

1819.
1819.

Having heard from Herr B. that Y.R. Highness [the Archduke Rudolph] has written a most masterly work, we wish to be the first to have the great honor of publishing Y.R. Highness's composition, that the world may become acquainted with the admirable talents of so illustrious a Prince. We trust Y. Royal Highness will comply with our respectful solicitation.
Having heard from Mr. B. that Your Royal Highness [the Archduke Rudolph] has written an impressive work, we want to be the first to have the great honor of publishing Your Royal Highness's piece, so that the world can recognize the remarkable talents of such a distinguished Prince. We hope Your Royal Highness will kindly consider our respectful request.

FALSTAFF--^[1]
Ragged Rascal!
FALSTAFF--^[1]
Scruffy Troublemaker!

[Footnote 1: The name Beethoven gave to Artaria's partner, Bolderini.]
[Footnote 1: The name Beethoven gave to Artaria's partner, Bolderini.]

280.
TO ARTARIA.

Mödling, Oct. 12, 1819.
Mödling, Oct 12, 1819.

Pray forgive me, dear A. (?), for plaguing you as follows:--
Pray forgive me, dear A. (?), for bothering you as follows:--

We are coming to town the day after to-morrow, and expect to arrive at four o'clock. The two days' festival compels us to return the same day, as Carl must prepare with his master here for the second examination, these very holidays enabling the tutor to devote more time to him; but I must soon return to town on account of the certificate of Carl's birth, which costs more time and money than I like. I at all times dislike travelling by the diligence, and this one has moreover one peculiarity, that you may wish to go on what day you please, but it always turns out to be a Friday on which it sets off; and though a good Christian, still one Friday in the year is sufficient for me. I beg you will request the leader of the choir (the devil alone knows what the office is!) to be so good as to give us Carl's certificate of birth on the afternoon of the same day if possible. He might do so at seven o'clock in the morning, at the time we arrive; but he ought to be punctual, for Carl is to appear at the examination at half-past seven o'clock. So it must be either to-morrow at seven, or at all events in the afternoon. We shall call on you to-morrow before seven o'clock to inquire about this, with the proviso of a visit later in the day. In haste, and asking your pardon,
We’re coming to town the day after tomorrow and expect to arrive at four o’clock. The two-day festival means we have to head back the same day since Carl needs to prepare with his tutor here for the second exam, and these holidays allow the tutor to spend more time with him. However, I need to return to town soon because of Carl’s birth certificate, which takes more time and money than I’d like. I always dislike traveling by the diligence, and this one has a quirk: you can choose your travel day, but it always ends up being a Friday. As a good Christian, one Friday a year is enough for me. Please ask the choir leader (heaven knows what that title really means!) to be kind enough to give us Carl's certificate of birth on the same afternoon if possible. He could provide it at seven in the morning when we arrive, but he needs to be punctual since Carl has to be at the exam by half-past seven. So it has to be either tomorrow at seven or at least in the afternoon. We’ll stop by tomorrow before seven o’clock to check on this, with the option of coming back later in the day. In a hurry and sorry for the rush,

Your
L. VAN BEETHOVEN.
Your
L. VAN BEETHOVEN.

281.
PETITION TO THE MAGISTRACY.^[1]

Oct. 30, 1819.
Oct. 30, 1819.

GENTLEMEN,--
GUYS,--

My brother, Carl van Beethoven, died on November 5, 1815, leaving a boy twelve years old,--his son Carl. In his will, by clause 5, he bequeathed to me the guardianship of the boy, and in the codicil B he expressed a wish that his widow, Johanna, should have a share in this duty, adding that, for the sake of his child, he recommended her to submit to my guidance. This explicit declaration of the father, added to my legal claim, I being the nearest relative (clause 198), entitles me clearly to the guardianship of my nephew, Carl van Beethoven; and the Court of Justice, by their Decree E, committed to me, under existing circumstances, the guardianship, to the exclusion moreover of Beethoven's widow. A journey on business having compelled me to be for some time absent, I did not object to an official guardian supplying my place for the time, which was effected by the nomination of the Town Sequestrator, Herr Nussböck.
My brother, Carl van Beethoven, passed away on November 5, 1815, leaving behind a twelve-year-old son, Carl. In his will, in clause 5, he entrusted me with the guardianship of the boy, and in codicil B, he expressed that his widow, Johanna, should also share in this responsibility, stating that, for the sake of their child, he hoped she would accept my guidance. This clear declaration from the father, along with my legal right as the closest relative (clause 198), gives me a solid claim to the guardianship of my nephew, Carl van Beethoven. The Court of Justice, through their Decree E, has assigned me the guardianship under the current circumstances, excluding Beethoven's widow. Due to a business trip that required me to be away for some time, I didn't oppose an official guardian stepping in for me temporarily, which was arranged by appointing the Town Sequestrator, Herr Nussböck.

Being now, however, finally settled here, and the welfare of the boy very precious to me, both love and duty demand that I should resume my rights; especially as this talented lad is coming to an age when greater care and expense must be bestowed on his education, on which his whole future prospects depend. This duty ought not to be confided to any woman, far less to his mother, who possesses neither the will nor the power to adopt those measures indispensable to a manly and suitable education.
Being finally settled here now, and with the boy's well-being very important to me, both love and responsibility require that I reclaim my rights; especially since this talented young man is reaching an age when more care and money need to be invested in his education, which is crucial for his future. This responsibility shouldn't be left to any woman, much less to his mother, who lacks both the will and the ability to take the necessary steps for a proper and fitting education.

I am the more anxious to reclaim my guardianship of Carl, as I understand that, in consequence of want of means to defray the expenses of the school where I placed him, he is to be removed, and his mother wishes him to live with her, in order herself to spend his trifling provision, and thus save the one half of her pension, which, according to the decree, she is bound to apply to his use.
I’m more eager to take back guardianship of Carl because I learned that, due to a lack of funds to cover his school expenses, he’s going to be moved. His mother wants him to live with her so she can use his small allowance, saving half of her pension that she’s required to use for him according to the decree.

I have hitherto taken a paternal charge of my nephew, and I intend to do the same in future at my own expense, being resolved that the hopes of his deceased father, and the expectations I have formed for this clever boy, shall be fulfilled by his becoming an able man and a good citizen.
I have so far taken on a fatherly role for my nephew, and I plan to continue doing so in the future at my own expense, determined that the hopes of his late father and my expectations for this bright boy will be realized by him growing into a capable man and a good citizen.

With this view I accordingly request that the highly respected magistrates whom I now address will be pleased to annul the Town Sequestrator Nussböck's interim office, and forthwith transfer to me the sole guardianship of my nephew Carl van Beethoven.^[2]
With this in mind, I respectfully ask the esteemed officials I am addressing to cancel the temporary appointment of Town Sequestrator Nussböck and immediately grant me the sole guardianship of my nephew, Carl van Beethoven.^[2]

LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN.
Ludwig van Beethoven.

[Footnote 1: Evidently drawn up by his advocate, Dr. Bach, from Beethoven's notes.]
[Footnote 1: Clearly put together by his lawyer, Dr. Bach, based on Beethoven's notes.]

[Footnote 2: The magisterial decree of Nov. 4, 1819, was adverse to Beethoven.]
[Footnote 2: The official decree dated Nov. 4, 1819, was unfavorable to Beethoven.]

282.
TO F. RIES,--LONDON.

Vienna, Nov. 10, 1819.
Vienna, Nov. 10, 1819.

DEAR RIES,--
DEAR RIES,

I write to let you know that the Sonata is already out, though only a fortnight ago, and it is nearly six months since I sent you both the Quintet and the Sonata. In the course of a few days I will send them both to you engraved, and from them you can correct the two works.
I’m writing to let you know that the Sonata is already out, just two weeks after its release, and it’s been almost six months since I sent you both the Quintet and the Sonata. In a few days, I’ll send you both engraved copies, and from those, you can make corrections to the two works.

Having received no letter from you on the subject, I thought the thing was at an end. I have indeed made shipwreck already with Neate this year! I only wish you could contrive to get me the fifty ducats which I have yet to receive, as I calculated on them, and really am in great want of money. I shall say no more to-day, but must inform you that I have nearly completed a new Grand Mass. Write to me whether you could do anything with this in London; but soon, very soon, and send the money soon also for both works. I will write more fully next time. In haste,
Having received no letter from you about this, I thought it was all over. I’ve already had a disaster with Neate this year! I really wish you could manage to get me the fifty ducats I'm still owed, as I was counting on them and I'm in serious need of money. I won't say much more today, but I have almost finished a new Grand Mass. Let me know if you can do anything with this in London; but please respond soon, and send the money for both works quickly as well. I’ll write more in my next message. Gotta go,

Your true and faithful friend,
BEETHOVEN.
Your true and loyal friend,
BEETHOVEN.

283.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

Dec. 14, 1819.
Dec. 14, 1819.

Immediately on last leaving Y.R.H. I was taken ill, of which I apprised Y.R.H., but owing to a change in my household, neither the letter in question nor another to Y.R.H. was ever sent. In it I begged Y.R.H.'s indulgence, having some works on hand that I was obliged to dispatch with all speed, owing to which I was, alas! compelled to lay aside the Mass also.^[1] I hope Y.R.H. will ascribe the delay solely to the pressure of circumstances. This is not the time to enter fully into the subject, but I must do so as soon as the right moment arrives, that Y.R.H. may not form too severe or undeserved a judgment of me. My heart is always with Y.R.H., and I trust at length circumstances may in so far change, that I may be able to contribute more than I have hitherto done, to perfecting your great talent. I think, however, Y.R.H. is already aware of my good-will in this respect, and is fully convinced that insurmountable obstacles alone can ever detain me from the most excellent of all princes, so revered by me, and so entwined with every feeling of my heart. I did not till yesterday hear of the mistake about the two letters, and I now intend to bring them myself, for I have no one in my service on whom I can depend. I will present myself at your house this afternoon at half-past four o'clock. My warmest thanks for Y.R.H.'s kind letter to me. When Y.R.H. thus vouchsafes to declare your esteem for me, it only heightens and increases my impulse to all that is good.
As soon as I last left Your Royal Highness, I fell ill, which I informed you about. However, due to a change in my household, neither that letter nor another to you was ever sent. In it, I asked for your understanding because I had some work that I needed to complete quickly, which regrettably forced me to put aside the Mass as well.^[1] I hope you will see the delay as just a result of circumstances. This isn’t the right time to discuss everything in detail, but I will do so as soon as possible so that you don’t form too harsh or undeserved an opinion of me. My heart is always with you, and I hope that circumstances will eventually change so that I can contribute more than I have so far to nurturing your great talent. I believe you already know my good intentions in this regard and are fully convinced that only insurmountable obstacles prevent me from being with the most excellent of all princes, whom I hold in such high regard and who is so deeply connected to my feelings. I only found out yesterday about the mix-up with the two letters, and I now plan to deliver them myself since I have no one in my service whom I can rely on. I will arrive at your house this afternoon at 4:30 PM. Thank you so much for your kind letter to me. When you express your esteem for me like this, it only strengthens my motivation to strive for what is good.

[Footnote 1: Another allusion to the Grand Mass in D, which seemed likely never to be completed.]
[Footnote 1: Another reference to the Grand Mass in D, which appeared unlikely to ever be finished.]

284.
MEMORANDUM.

1822.
1822.

The Mass^[1] will soon be all in Y.R.H.'s hands; it ought to have been, and would have been so long ago, but--but--but--when Y.R.H. becomes acquainted with my circumstances, you will be surprised that I have even now been able to finish it.
The Mass^[1] will soon be entirely in Y.R.H.'s hands; it should have been, and would have been a long time ago, but—well—when Y.R.H. learns about my situation, you'll be amazed that I've even managed to finish it now.

[K.]
[K.]

[Footnote 1: The circumstances which prevented the completion of this work were undoubtedly his perpetual state of strife with his nephew and his sister-in-law.]
[Footnote 1: The reasons that stopped the completion of this work were definitely his ongoing conflict with his nephew and his sister-in-law.]

285.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

I heard with heartfelt sorrow of Y.R.H.'s indisposition, but hope soon to hear of your recovery. Why am I also ill? for I might possibly discover the best mode of restoring Y.R.H. I will call again to inquire after Y.R.H., and hope to hear good news.
I was deeply saddened to hear about Y.R.H.'s illness, but I hope to hear about your recovery soon. Why am I also unwell? I might be able to find the best way to help Y.R.H. I will check back again to ask about Y.R.H. and hope to hear some good news.

[K.]
[K.]

286.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

I have been rather an invalid all this time, though I try to think myself tolerably well. I deeply regret to hear of Y.R.H.'s attack, especially as I knew nothing of it, or I certainly should have hastened to inquire whether it was in my power in any way to alleviate your sufferings. To-morrow, in compliance with Y.R.H.'s wish, I shall certainly enjoy the pleasure of seeing my own most dear and illustrious master.
I’ve been feeling pretty unwell this whole time, even though I try to convince myself that I’m doing okay. I’m really sorry to hear about Y.R.H.’s health issue, especially since I wasn’t aware of it; otherwise, I would have rushed to see if there was anything I could do to help ease your suffering. Tomorrow, as Y.R.H. requested, I’m definitely looking forward to the pleasure of seeing my dear and esteemed master.

[K.]
[K.]

287.
TO THE ROYAL AND IMPERIAL HIGH COURT OF APPEAL.

Jan. 7, 1820.
Jan 7, 1820.

GENTLEMEN,--
Gents, --

On the plea of the Decree A, I sought to have transferred to myself the guardianship of my nephew, Carl v. Beethoven, but was referred by the magistracy to the previous decision. On my consequent remonstrance the same result ensued.
On the basis of Decree A, I attempted to obtain guardianship of my nephew, Carl v. Beethoven, but the magistracy directed me back to the prior decision. When I protested, the outcome was the same.

I find myself the more aggrieved by this, inasmuch as not only are my own rights set at naught, but even the welfare of my nephew is thus utterly disregarded. I am therefore compelled to have recourse to the highest Court of Appeal to lay before them my well-founded claim, and rightfully to demand that the guardianship of my nephew should be restored to me.
I feel even more upset about this because not only are my own rights being ignored, but the well-being of my nephew is completely overlooked too. Therefore, I am forced to turn to the highest Court of Appeal to present my legitimate claim and rightfully ask that the guardianship of my nephew be returned to me.

My reasons are the following:--
Here are my reasons:--

1st. I am entitled to the guardianship of my nephew, not only by his father's will, but by law, and this the Court of Justice confirmed to the exclusion of the mother. When business called me away from Vienna, I conceded that Herr Nussböck should act for me ad interim. Having now, however, taken up my residence here, the welfare of my nephew demands that I should again undertake the office of his guardian.
1st. I have the right to be my nephew's guardian, not just because of his father's will but also by law, and the Court of Justice confirmed this while excluding his mother. When work took me away from Vienna, I allowed Herr Nussböck to act for me temporarily. Now that I've settled here, my nephew's well-being requires that I take on the role of his guardian again.

2d. My nephew has arrived at an age when he requires to be trained to a higher degree of cultivation. Neither his mother nor his present guardian are calculated to guide the boy in the pursuit of his studies. The former, in the first place, because she is a woman; and as to her conduct, it has been legally proved that, to say the least of it, she has no creditable testimonials to bring forward,^[1] on which account she was expressly prohibited from acting by the Court of Justice. How the Honorable Magistracy could nevertheless again appoint her is quite incomprehensible. The latter is unfit; because, on the one hand, his office as sequestrator and administrator of houses and lands, occupies his time too much to enable him properly to undertake the duties of guardian to the boy; and, on the other, because his previous occupation as a paper manufacturer, does not inspire me with any confidence that he possesses the intelligence or judgment indispensable to conduct a scientific education.
2d. My nephew has reached an age where he needs training to develop further. Neither his mother nor his current guardian is capable of guiding him in his studies. The former, firstly, because she is a woman; and regarding her behavior, it has been legally proven that, to put it mildly, she lacks credible references,^[1] which is why the Court of Justice specifically prohibited her from acting in that capacity. How the Honorable Magistracy could appoint her again is completely beyond my understanding. The latter is unsuitable because, on one hand, his role as a sequestrator and manager of properties takes up too much of his time to allow him to properly fulfill his duties as guardian to the boy; and on the other hand, his previous job as a paper manufacturer does not give me any confidence in his ability to provide the intelligence or judgment necessary for a proper scientific education.

3d. The welfare of my nephew is dearer to my heart than it can be to any one else. I am myself childless, and have no relations except this boy, who is full of talent, and I have good grounds to hope the best for him, if properly trained. Now I am compelled to hear that he has been delayed a whole year by remaining in his previous class, from want of means to defray the expense, and that his mother intends to remove him from his present school, and wishes him to live with her. What a misfortune to the boy, were he to become a victim to the mismanagement of his mother, who would fain squander on herself that portion of her pension which she is obliged to devote to the education of her son!
3d. My nephew's well-being means more to me than it could to anyone else. I don’t have any kids and no family apart from this boy, who is very talented, and I genuinely believe he has a bright future if he gets the right guidance. Now I have to hear that he’s been held back a whole year in his previous class because there isn’t enough money to cover the costs, and that his mother plans to pull him out of his current school and wants him to live with her. What a tragedy for the boy if he ends up suffering because of his mother’s poor choices, as she would prefer to spend on herself the part of her pension that should go towards her son’s education!

I have therefore declared in due form to the Honorable Magistracy that I am myself willing to undertake the expenses of his present school, and also to provide the various masters required. Being rather deaf, which is an impediment to conversation, I have requested the aid of a colleague, and suggested for this purpose Herr Peters, Councillor of Prince Lobkowitz, in order that a person may forthwith be appointed to superintend the education and progress of my nephew, that his moral character may one day command esteem, and whose acquirements may be a sure guaranty to all those who feel an interest in the youth's welfare, that he will undoubtedly receive the education and culture necessary to develop his abilities.
I have officially informed the Honorable Magistracy that I am willing to cover the expenses for his current school and also provide the necessary teachers. Since I am somewhat hard of hearing, which makes conversation difficult, I have asked a colleague for help and proposed Herr Peters, Councillor of Prince Lobkowitz, for this task. This way, someone can be quickly appointed to oversee my nephew's education and progress, ensuring that his character can earn respect in the future and his skills will be a reliable assurance to those invested in the youth's well-being that he will receive the education and training needed to enhance his abilities.

My efforts and wishes have no other aim than to give the boy the best possible education,--his abilities justifying the brightest hopes,--and to fulfil the trust placed in my brotherly love by his father. The shoot is still flexible; but if longer neglected it will become crooked, and outgrow the gardener's training hand, and upright bearing, intellect, and character, be destroyed forever.
My efforts and wishes have no other goal than to give the boy the best education possible—his abilities justify the highest hopes—and to fulfill the trust his father placed in my brotherly love. The plant is still flexible; but if it’s neglected for too long, it will become crooked, and grow beyond the gardener's ability to shape it, ruining its uprightness, intellect, and character forever.

I know no duty more sacred than the education and training of a child. The chief duties of a guardian consist in knowing how to appreciate what is good, and in adopting a right course; then alone has proper attention been devoted to the welfare of his ward, whereas in opposing what is good he neglects his duty.
I believe there’s no responsibility more important than educating and training a child. A guardian's main responsibilities involve recognizing what is good and choosing the right path; only then can they truly focus on the well-being of their ward. On the other hand, if they go against what is good, they are failing in their duty.

Indeed, keeping in view what is most for the benefit of the boy, I do not object to the mother in so far sharing in the duties of a guardian that she may visit her son, and see him, and be apprised of all the measures adopted for his education; but to intrust her with the sole guardianship of the boy without a strict guardian by her side, would cause the irrevocable ruin of her son.
Indeed, considering what's best for the boy, I don't mind the mother sharing in the responsibilities of being a guardian, so she can visit her son, see him, and be informed about all the decisions made regarding his education. However, giving her full guardianship of the boy without a strict guardian beside her would lead to the irreversible ruin of her son.

On these cogent grounds I reiterate my well-founded solicitation, and feel the more confident of a favorable answer, as the welfare of my nephew alone guides my steps in this affair.^[2]
On these strong grounds, I repeat my reasonable request and feel more confident about getting a positive response, as my nephew's welfare is my only motivation in this matter.^[2]

LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN.
Ludwig van Beethoven.

[Footnote 1: Schindler states that during these law proceedings the widow of Beethoven's brother had another child.]
[Footnote 1: Schindler mentions that during these legal proceedings, Beethoven's brother's widow had another child.]

[Footnote 2: The Court excluded Carl's mother from all share in his education, and from all direct influence over her son, and again restored to Beethoven the full authority of a guardian.]
[Footnote 2: The Court removed Carl's mother from any involvement in his education and from having any direct influence over her son, and once again granted Beethoven complete authority as his guardian.]

288.
TO HIS HIGHNESS THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

From your obedient servant,
L. V. BEETHOVEN.
From your devoted servant,
L. V. BEETHOVEN.

Jan. 12, 1820.
Jan 12, 1820.

289.
TESTIMONIAL IN FAVOR OF HERR V. KANDELER.

It is certainly the duty of every musical composer to become acquainted with all the earlier as well as more modern poets, in order to select what is most suitable to his purpose for songs. Such, however, not being invariably the case, this present collection of Herr v. Kandeler's cannot fail to be useful and commendable to many who wish to write songs, and also tend to induce more able poets to contribute something in the same direction.
It is definitely the responsibility of every music composer to familiarize themselves with both past and contemporary poets to choose the most appropriate material for their songs. However, since this isn't always the case, this collection by Herr v. Kandeler will surely be helpful and commendable for many who want to write songs, and it may also encourage more talented poets to contribute in a similar way.

LUDWIG V. BEETHOVEN.--M.P.
Ludwig van Beethoven - M.P.

I entirely agree with Herr v. Beethoven.
I completely agree with Mr. Beethoven.

JOS. WEIGEL.
JOS. WEIGEL.

290.
TO THEODORE AMADEUS HOFFMANN.^[1]

Vienna, March 23, 1820.
Vienna, March 23, 1820.

I seize the opportunity through Herr N. of approaching a man so gifted as yourself. You have also written of my humble self, and Herr N.N. showed me some lines of yours about me in his album; I have, therefore, every reason to believe that you feel some interest in me. Permit me to say that, on the part of so talented a man as yourself, this is truly gratifying to me. I wish you all possible good and happiness, and remain,
I’m taking this chance to reach out to someone as talented as you. You’ve also written about me, and Herr N.N. showed me some of your remarks about me in his album; so, I believe you have some interest in me. I just want to say that it means a lot coming from someone as gifted as you. I wish you all the best and happiness, and I remain,

Sir, with esteem, your obedient
BEETHOVEN.
Dear Sir, respectfully yours,
BEETHOVEN.

[Footnote 1: It is well known that Hoffmann, in the years 1809 to 1812, wrote the first really important articles on Beethoven's works for the Leipzig A.M. Zeitung on his instrumental music, his trios, and masses, &c., &c.]
[Footnote 1: It's well known that Hoffmann, between 1809 and 1812, wrote the first truly significant articles on Beethoven's works for the Leipzig A.M. Zeitung about his instrumental music, trios, masses, etc., etc.]

291.
TO HERR HASLINGER,--ADJUTANTERL.

I request the Adjutant to lend me the score of the Overture in E flat, which I will return as soon as the performance is over. I also beg he will be so good as to send me Kirnberger's work to supply the place of mine, as I am at this moment giving lessons in counterpoint, and have been unable to find my own manuscript amid my confused mass of papers. Yours,
I’m asking the Adjutant to lend me the score of the Overture in E flat, which I'll return right after the performance. I would also appreciate it if he could send me Kirnberger's work to substitute for mine since I'm currently teaching counterpoint and can’t seem to locate my own manuscript in this disorganized pile of papers. Yours,

MI CONTRA FA.
MI CONTRA FA.

292.
TO TOBIAS,--ADJUTANT.

MOST WORTHY ADJUTANT,--
MOST WORTHY ASSISTANT,--

I have made a bet of ten florins, W.W., against the truth of your having been obliged to pay a compensation of 2000 florins to Artaria for the new edition of Mozart's works, which have been again and again engraved and sold everywhere. I really wish to know the truth on this subject, for I cannot possibly believe what is said. If it be the fact that you have been so unhandsomely treated, then Ah, dolce contento must pay the ten florins. Send me a true report. Farewell; be a good Christian. Your
I’ve placed a bet of ten florins, W.W., that you didn’t have to pay 2000 florins to Artaria for the new edition of Mozart’s works, which have been engraved and sold everywhere over and over again. I really want to know the truth about this because I can’t believe what I’m hearing. If it turns out you really were treated so unfairly, then Ah, dolce contento will owe me the ten florins. Please send me a truthful report. Goodbye; be a good Christian. Your

BEETHOVEN.
Beethoven.

293.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

Vienna, April 3, 1820.
Vienna, April 3, 1820.

YOUR ROYAL HIGHNESS,--
Your Royal Highness,

So far as I can recollect, when I was about to wait on you, I was told that Y.R.H. was indisposed; I called on Sunday evening to inquire, having been assured that Y.R.H. did not intend to set off on Monday. In accordance with my usual custom, not to remain long in an anteroom, I hurried away after receiving this information, though I observed that the gentleman in waiting wished to say something to me. Unhappily I did not hear till Monday afternoon that Y.R.H. had really gone to Olmütz. I must confess that this caused me a very painful feeling, but my consciousness of never having neglected my duty in any respect, induced me to suppose that the same may have been the case on this occasion, as it often is in human life,--for I can easily conceive that Y.R.H., immersed in ceremonies and novel impressions, had very little time to spare in Olmütz for other things. I should otherwise certainly have anticipated Y.R.H. in writing. May I ask you graciously to inform me what length of stay you intend to make in Olmütz? It was reported that Y.R.H. intended to return here towards the end of May; but a few days ago I heard that you were to remain a year and a half in Olmütz; owing to this I may perhaps have adopted wrong measures, not with regard to Y.R.H., but myself. As soon as I receive information from you on the subject, I will enter into further explanations. May I also beg that in the mean time Y.R.H. will not listen to certain reports about me? I have heard a great deal of what may be termed gossip here, which people seem to think may be acceptable to Y.R.H. As Y.R.H. is pleased to say that I am one of those whom you esteem, I can confidently declare that Y.R.H. is the person whom I value most in the universe. Although no courtier, I believe that Y.R.H. knows me too thoroughly to believe that mere selfish interest has ever attached or attracted me towards Y.R.H., but, on the contrary, true and heartfelt affection alone. I can with truth say that a second Blondel has long since set forth on his pilgrimage, and if no Richard can be found in this world for me, God shall be my Sovereign!
As far as I can remember, when I was about to meet with you, I was informed that Y.R.H. was unwell; I visited on Sunday evening to check in, having been told that Y.R.H. did not plan to leave on Monday. True to my usual habit of not lingering in a waiting room, I left quickly after getting this information, even though I noticed that the gentleman waiting wanted to say something to me. Unfortunately, I didn’t find out until Monday afternoon that Y.R.H. had actually gone to Olmütz. I must admit, this was quite distressing to me, but since I know I’ve never neglected my duty in any way, I thought the same might have been true this time as well, as it often is in life—because I can easily imagine that Y.R.H., caught up in ceremonies and new experiences, had very little time in Olmütz for anything else. Otherwise, I would have definitely anticipated Y.R.H.'s correspondence. May I kindly ask you to let me know how long you plan to stay in Olmütz? It was rumored that Y.R.H. intended to return here toward the end of May, but I recently heard you would be staying in Olmütz for a year and a half; because of this, I may have made incorrect plans, not regarding Y.R.H., but myself. As soon as I hear from you about this, I will provide further details. May I also request that, in the meantime, Y.R.H. not pay attention to certain rumors about me? I’ve heard quite a bit of gossip here that people seem to think might interest Y.R.H. Since Y.R.H. has said that I’m one of those you hold in high regard, I can honestly say that Y.R.H. is the person I value most in the world. Though I’m no courtier, I believe Y.R.H. knows me well enough not to think that mere self-interest has ever drawn me to Y.R.H., but rather true and heartfelt affection. I can truthfully say that a second Blondel has long since started his journey, and if no Richard can be found for me in this world, God shall be my Sovereign!

It seems to me that my idea of giving a quartet is the best; even though some works have been already performed on a grand scale at Olmütz, still something might thus be introduced into Moravia to attract the attention of the musical world, and for the benefit of Art.
It seems to me that my idea of putting together a quartet is the best; even though some pieces have already been performed on a large scale at Olmütz, something like this could still be introduced in Moravia to grab the attention of the music world and benefit Art.

If, according to the above reports, Y.R.H. should return here in May, I advise Y.R.H. to reserve your spiritual children for me [see No. 279] till then, because it would be better that I should hear them performed by yourself. But if your stay in Olmütz is really to be of such long duration, I will receive them now with the greatest pleasure, and strive to accompany Y.R.H. to the summit of Parnassus. May God preserve Y.R.H. in health for the good of humanity, and also for that of all your warm admirers. I beg you will be graciously pleased soon to write to me. Y.R.H. cannot fail to be convinced of my readiness at all times to fulfil your wishes.
If, based on the reports above, Your Royal Highness should come back here in May, I recommend that you hold off on sharing your spiritual children with me [see No. 279] until then, as it would be better for me to hear them performed by you. However, if your stay in Olmütz is really going to be that long, I would gladly accept them now and do my best to accompany Your Royal Highness to the top of Parnassus. May God keep you in good health for the benefit of humanity and for all your devoted admirers. I kindly ask you to write to me soon. You can be sure of my eagerness at all times to fulfill your wishes.

I am Y.R.H.'s humble and faithful servant,
I am Y.R.H.'s devoted and loyal servant,

LUDWIG V. BEETHOVEN
Ludwig van Beethoven

294.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

Mödling, Aug. 3, 1820.
Mödling, August 3, 1820.

I have this moment received the letter in which Y.R.H. informs me yourself of your journey hither, and I sincerely thank Y.R.H. for such a mark of attention. I intended to have hastened to town to-morrow to wait on Y.R.H., but no carriage is to be had; I expect however to get one before next Saturday, when I shall lose no time, and set off at an early hour to inquire for Y.R.H. With regard to the sacrifice Y.R.H. intends to offer up to the Muses, I will make a proposal verbally on the subject. I heartily rejoice in knowing that Y.R.H. is once more so near me. May I in all respects be enabled to assist in fulfilling your wishes! May Heaven bless Y.R.H., and mature all your plans!
I just received the letter where you informed me about your journey here, and I genuinely thank you for that thoughtful gesture. I planned to rush to town tomorrow to see you, but I can't find a carriage. However, I expect to get one before next Saturday, when I'll waste no time and head out early to look for you. Regarding the offering you plan to make to the Muses, I'll suggest something in person. I'm truly happy to know that you're so close to me again. I hope I can help make your wishes come true! May you be blessed, and may all your plans succeed!

[K.]
[K.]

295.
TO HERR ARTARIA, FALSTAFF, & CO.

Vienna, Oct. 26, 1820.
Vienna, Oct 26, 1820.

I politely request that you will hand over to Herr Oliva the sum of 300 florins, which has no doubt already been received by you in full. Having been entirely occupied by removing to my new lodgings, I could not do myself the honor of expressing my thanks to you and Sir John Falstaff in person.
I kindly ask that you give Herr Oliva the amount of 300 florins, which I’m sure you have already received in full. I’ve been completely busy moving into my new place, so I couldn’t take the time to thank you and Sir John Falstaff in person.

Your obedient servant,
LUDWIG V. BEETHOVEN.
Your loyal servant,
LUDWIG V. BEETHOVEN.

296.
TO BOLDERINI.

MY VERY WORTHY FALSTAFF!--
MY VERY WORTHY FALSTAFF!

I request, with all due civility, that you will send me a copy of each of the two works for pianoforte and flute, with variations. As for the receipt, you shall have it to-morrow; and I also beg you will forward it forthwith. Give my compliments to Herr Artaria, and thank him from me for his kind offer of an advance, but as I have received from abroad the money due to me, I do not require to avail myself of his aid. Farewell, Knight Falstaff; do not be too dissipated, read the Gospel, and be converted!
I kindly ask that you send me a copy of each of the two works for piano and flute, including the variations. I'll send you the receipt tomorrow, and I would appreciate it if you could send it right away. Please give my regards to Herr Artaria and thank him for his generous offer of an advance, but since I’ve received the money owed to me from abroad, I don't need to take his assistance. Take care, Knight Falstaff; don't be too reckless, read the Gospel, and consider a change for the better!

We remain, your well-affected
BEETHOVEN.
We remain, your loyal friend
BEETHOVEN.

To Sir John Falstaff, Knight.
To the care of Herr Artaria & Co.
To Sir John Falstaff, Knight.
To the attention of Herr Artaria & Co.

297.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

Mödling, Sept. 1820.
Mödling, September 1820.

Since last Tuesday evening I have been far from well, but hoped by Friday, certainly, to have had the happiness of waiting on Y.R.H. This proved a delusion, and it is only to-day that I am able to say confidently that I expect to present myself before Y.R.H. next Monday or Tuesday at an early hour. I ascribe my illness to having taken an open calèche, in order not to miss my appointment with Y.R.H. The day was very wet and positively cold here towards the evening. Nature seems almost to have been offended by the liberty I took, and by my audacity, and to have punished me in consequence. May Heaven bestow on Y.R.H. all that is good and holy, as well as every charm and blessing, and on me your favor, but only in so far as justice sanctions!
Since last Tuesday evening I haven't been well, but I was hoping by Friday to have had the pleasure of seeing Y.R.H. Unfortunately, that was just wishful thinking, and it’s only today that I can confidently say I expect to present myself before Y.R.H. next Monday or Tuesday morning. I believe my illness came from taking an open calèche to make my appointment with Y.R.H. The day was really wet and quite cold here in the evening. It seems Nature was a bit upset by my boldness and decided to punish me for it. May Heaven grant Y.R.H. all that is good and holy, along with every charm and blessing, and may I receive your favor but only in so far as justice permits!

[K.]
[K.]

298.
TO HERR ARTARIA & CO.

Vienna, Dec. 17, 1820.
Vienna, December 17, 1820.

I thank you warmly for the advance of 150 florins, for which I have made out the receipt in the name of his Imperial Highness the Cardinal, and I beg, as I am in danger of losing one of my bank shares, that you will advance me another 150 florins, which I pledge myself to repay within three months at latest from this date. As a proof of my gratitude, I engage in this letter to make over to you, as your exclusive property, one of my compositions, consisting of two or more movements, without claiming payment for it hereafter.
I sincerely thank you for the advance of 150 florins, for which I have issued a receipt in the name of his Imperial Highness the Cardinal. I kindly request, as I risk losing one of my bank shares, that you advance me another 150 florins. I promise to repay this amount within three months at the latest from today. As a token of my appreciation, I commit in this letter to give you one of my compositions, consisting of two or more movements, as your exclusive property, without expecting any payment for it in the future.

Your ever-complaisant
BEETHOVEN.
[L.S.]
Your overly agreeable
BEETHOVEN.
[L.S.]

299.
TO TOBIAS V. HASLINGER.

Baden, Sept. 10, 1821.
Baden, Sept. 10, 1821.

MY VERY DEAR FRIEND,--
MY DEAR FRIEND,--

On my way to Vienna yesterday, sleep overtook me in my carriage, which was by no means strange, for having been obliged to rise so early every morning, I never had a good night's sleep. While thus slumbering I dreamt that I had gone on a far journey, to no less a place than to Syria, on to Judea, and back, and then all the way to Arabia, when at length I actually arrived at Jerusalem. The Holy City gave rise to thoughts of the Holy Books. No wonder then if the man Tobias occurred to me, which also naturally led me to think of our own little Tobias and our great Tobias. Now during my dream-journey, the following Canon came into my head:--
On my way to Vienna yesterday, I dozed off in my carriage, which wasn’t surprising since I had to wake up so early every morning and never got a good night's sleep. While I was sleeping, I dreamed that I had traveled far away, all the way to Syria, then to Judea, and back, and then all the way to Arabia, until I finally reached Jerusalem. The Holy City made me think of the Holy Books. It’s no wonder that the man Tobias came to mind, which naturally reminded me of our own little Tobias and our great Tobias. During my dream journey, the following Canon came to me:--

But scarcely did I wake when away flew the Canon, and I could not recall any part of it. On returning here however, next day, in the same carriage, (that of a poor Austrian musician,) I resumed my dream-journey, being, however, on this occasion wide awake, when lo and behold! in accordance with the laws of the association of ideas the same Canon again flashed across me; so being now awake I held it as fast as Menelaus did Proteus, only permitting it to be changed into three parts.
But hardly had I woken up when the Canon vanished, and I couldn't remember any of it. However, when I returned here the next day in the same carriage (that of a poor Austrian musician), I picked up my dream journey again. This time, though, I was fully awake, and suddenly, according to the associations of ideas, the same Canon came back to me. Since I was awake, I held onto it as tightly as Menelaus held onto Proteus, only allowing it to be split into three parts.

Farewell! I intend to send next something composed on Steiner's name, to show that his is no heart of stone [Stein]. Adieu, my good friend; it is my most heartfelt wish that you may prosper as a publisher; may all credit be given to you, and yet may you never require credit. Sing daily the Epistles of St. Paul, and daily visit Father Werner, who can show you in his little book how to go straight to heaven. See, how anxious I am about the welfare of your soul!
Farewell! I plan to send something next that’s written in honor of Steiner, to show that he’s no heart of stone [Stein]. Goodbye, my good friend; I truly wish for you to succeed as a publisher; may you get all the recognition you deserve, and yet may you never need recognition. Sing the letters of St. Paul every day, and visit Father Werner daily, who can show you in his little book how to get straight to heaven. Look at how concerned I am for the welfare of your soul!

I remain always, with infinite pleasure, henceforth and forever,
I will always be here, with endless pleasure, now and forever,

Your faithful debtor,
BEETHOVEN.
Your loyal debtor,
BEETHOVEN.

300.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

Unterdöbling, July 18, 1821.
Unterdöbling, July 18, 1821.

I yesterday heard of Y.R.H.'s arrival here; joyful tidings for me, but saddened by knowing that it must be some time before I can have the good fortune to wait on Y.R.H.; having been long very ill, at last jaundice declared itself, which I consider a most loathsome malady. I trust, however, I shall be so far recovered as to see Y.R.H. before you leave this. Last winter, too, I had some very severe rheumatic attacks. Much of this proceeds from the melancholy state of my family affairs; I have hitherto hoped, by every possible exertion on my part, at last to remedy these. That Providence, who searches my inmost heart, and knows that as a man I have striven sacredly to fulfil all the duties imposed on me by humanity, God, and Nature, will no doubt one day extricate me from all these troubles. The Mass [in D] will be delivered to Y.R.H. here. I hope Y.R.H. will excuse my entering into the various causes of the delay. The details could not be otherwise than painful to Y.R.H. I would often gladly have written to Y.R.H. from here, but you told me to wait till I first heard from you. What, then, was I to do? Y.R.H. might have been displeased had I not attended to your injunction, and I know that there are people who are glad to calumniate me to Y.R.H., which pains me exceedingly. I therefore often think that my sole recourse is to keep quiet till Y.R.H. expresses a wish either to see or to hear of me. I was told that Y.R.H. had been indisposed, but I hope it was nothing serious. May Heaven shower down its most precious blessings on Y.R.H.! I trust it may not be very long before I shall be so fortunate as to assure Y.R.H. how entirely I am, &c., &c.
I heard yesterday about Y.R.H.'s arrival here; it’s joyful news for me, but I’m saddened knowing that it might be a while before I get the chance to meet Y.R.H. I’ve been very ill for a long time, and I finally developed jaundice, which I think is a really awful illness. However, I hope I’ll recover enough to see Y.R.H. before your departure. Last winter, I also had some really severe rheumatic attacks. A lot of this comes from the sad state of my family situation; I've been hoping to set things right through every effort I can make. That Providence, who knows my deepest heart and understands that I’ve sacredly tried to fulfill all my responsibilities towards humanity, God, and Nature, will no doubt one day help me out of all these troubles. The Mass [in D] will be delivered to Y.R.H. here. I hope Y.R.H. can overlook my not explaining the various reasons for the delay. The details would surely be painful for Y.R.H. I would have liked to write to Y.R.H. from here, but you advised me to wait until I heard from you first. So, what was I supposed to do? Y.R.H. might have been unhappy if I hadn’t followed your instruction, and I know there are people who are eager to slander me to Y.R.H., which hurts me deeply. Therefore, I often think my only option is to stay quiet until Y.R.H. shows interest in seeing or hearing from me. I was informed that Y.R.H. had not been feeling well, but I hope it wasn't anything serious. May Heaven shower its most precious blessings on Y.R.H.! I hope it won’t be too long before I have the good fortune to let Y.R.H. know how entirely I am, &c., &c.

[K.]
[K.]

301.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

Unterdöbling, July 18, 1821.
Unterdöbling, July 18, 1821.

I have written a long and minute letter to Y.R.H., which my copyist Schlemmer will deliver. I wrote it on hearing the day before yesterday of the arrival of Y.R.H. How much I grieve that the attack of jaundice with which I am affected prevents my at once hastening to Y.R.H. to express in person my joy at your arrival. May the Lord of all things, for the sake of so many others, take Y.R.H. under His protection!
I’ve written a long and detailed letter to Y.R.H., which my assistant Schlemmer will deliver. I wrote it after hearing the day before yesterday that Y.R.H. had arrived. I’m so upset that the jaundice I’m dealing with is stopping me from rushing to Y.R.H. to express my happiness about your arrival in person. May the Lord of all things, for the sake of so many others, keep Y.R.H. safe!

[K.]
[K.]

302.
TO THE MOST CELEBRATED MUSIC FIRM IN EUROPE, MESSRS. STEINER & CO., PATERNOSTER-(MISERERE) GÄSSEL.

I request Geh'-bauer^[1] to send me two tickets, as some of my friends wish to attend your hole-and-corner music. You probably have some of these worthless admission tickets; so let me have one or two.
I ask Geh'-bauer^[1] to send me two tickets, since some of my friends want to come to your underground music event. You likely have a few of these useless admission tickets, so please send me one or two.

The part I send belongs to the Chorus, of which Bauer has the other portions. Your amicus
The part I’m sending is from the Chorus, and Bauer has the other sections. Your friend

BEETHOVEN.
Beethoven.

[Footnote 1: Gebauer established the "Concerts Spirituels" in 1819, and died in 1822.]
[Footnote 1: Gebauer started the "Concerts Spirituels" in 1819 and passed away in 1822.]

303.
ADDRESS UNKNOWN.

Baden, Sept. 27, 1821.
Baden, Sept. 27, 1821.

I hope, sir, that you will forgive the liberty I take in thus intruding on you. The bearer of this, H. v.----, has been commissioned by me to exchange or sell a bank-note. Being ignorant of everything connected with these matters, I beg you will be so good as to communicate your views and advice to the bearer. The two illnesses I had last winter and summer rather deranged all my calculations. I have been here since the 7th of September, and must remain till the end of October. All this costs a great deal of money, and prevents my earning it as usual. I indeed expect shortly to receive money from abroad, but as bank-notes stand so high at present, I consider this the easiest resource, and intend subsequently to purchase a new bank-note in its place.
I hope you’ll forgive me for intruding like this. The person carrying this note, H. v.----, has been sent by me to exchange or sell a banknote. Not knowing much about these matters, I would really appreciate it if you could share your thoughts and advice with him. The two illnesses I had last winter and summer threw off all my plans. I’ve been here since September 7th and need to stay until the end of October. This is costing a lot of money and stopping me from earning as usual. I do expect to receive funds from abroad soon, but since banknotes are so valuable right now, I think this is the easiest option, and I plan to buy a new banknote afterward.

Immediate--in haste.
Immediate—urgent.

Your friend,
BEETHOVEN.
Your friend,
Beethoven.

[This unsealed letter was enclosed in an envelope on which was written:]
[This unsealed letter was enclosed in an envelope on which was written:]

You will at once see what kind of commercial genius I am. After writing the enclosed, I for the first time consulted a friend about the note, who pointed out to me that all I had to do was to cut off a coupon, and the affair was completed. I rejoice, therefore, not to be obliged to plague you further on the subject.
You’ll quickly see what kind of commercial genius I am. After writing the enclosed note, I finally asked a friend for advice about it, and he pointed out that all I had to do was cut off a coupon, and it would be done. I’m glad, then, that I won’t have to bother you any more about this.

Yours,
BEETHOVEN.
Best,
BEETHOVEN.

304.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

Feb. 27, 1822.
Feb. 27, 1822.

I went to-day early to the Palace, not, indeed, with the intention of meeting Y.R.H., (not being yet dressed), but only to beg Zips to mention that I had called, and was sincerely rejoiced at your arrival here; but I could no longer discover Y.R.H.'s apartments, and wherever I knocked in the hope of finding Y.R.H., my dress seemed to be so closely scrutinized that I hurried away, and write to-day to recommend myself to Y.R.H. To-morrow I intend to pay my respects to Y.R.H., when I hope also to hear whether the usual musical and intellectual meetings are to continue, and when they are to take place. My not having written all this time to Y.R.H. has indeed a very bad appearance, but I delayed from day to day, hoping always to send the Mass, the mistakes in which were really quite dreadful; so much so that I was obliged to revise every part, and thus the delay occurred. Other pressing occupations and various circumstances tended to impede me, which is often the case when a man least expects it. That Y.R.H., however, was ever present with me is shown by the following copies of some novelties,^[1] which have been lying finished by me for some time for Y.R.H., but I resolved not to forward them till I could at the same time send the Mass. The latter now only requires binding, when it shall be respectfully delivered to Y.R.H. by myself. Sincerely rejoiced at the hope of soon personally waiting on Y.R.H., I remain, with devoted homage, yours till death.
I went early to the Palace today, not really with the intention of meeting Y.R.H. since I wasn't dressed yet, but just to ask Zips to mention that I had dropped by and was genuinely glad about your arrival here. However, I couldn't find Y.R.H.'s rooms anymore, and wherever I knocked in hopes of finding Y.R.H., it felt like my outfit was being examined so closely that I quickly left and decided to write today to let Y.R.H. know I’m thinking of you. Tomorrow, I plan to pay my respects to Y.R.H., and I also hope to find out if the usual musical and intellectual meetings will continue and when they will take place. The fact that I haven't written to Y.R.H. all this time looks really bad, but I kept putting it off day after day, always hoping to send the Mass, which had some pretty awful mistakes. I had to go back and revise every part, and that's why there was a delay. Other urgent matters and various circumstances got in the way, which often happens when you least expect it. Still, the thought of Y.R.H. was always with me, as shown by the following copies of some new pieces,^[1] which I've had ready for Y.R.H. for a while, but I decided not to send them until I could also send the Mass. The Mass just needs binding now, and I'll make sure it’s respectfully delivered to Y.R.H. by me. I’m genuinely excited about the hope of seeing Y.R.H. soon in person, and I remain, with devoted respect, yours forever.

[K.]
[K.]

[Footnote 1: The novelties which Beethoven sends to the Archduke are:--
[Footnote 1: The novelties that Beethoven sends to the Archduke are:--

Six bagatelles for the pianoforte, Op. 126 (composed in 1821). Sonata for pianoforte in E major " 109 ( " " ?1821). " " " A flat major " 110 ( " " 1821).
Six bagatelles for piano, Op. 126 (composed in 1821). Sonata for piano in E major " 109 ( " " ?1821). " " " A flat major " 110 ( " " 1821).
]
I'm sorry, but I do not see any text to modernize. Please provide the text you would like me to work on.

305.
TO F. RIES,--LONDON.

Vienna, April 6, 1822.
Vienna, April 6, 1822.

MY DEAREST AND BEST RIES,--
MY DEAREST AND BEST RIES,--

Having been again in bad health during the last ten months, I have hitherto been unable to answer your letter. I duly received the 26l. sterling, and thank you sincerely; I have not, however, yet got the sonata you dedicated to me. My greatest work is a Grand Mass that I have recently written. As time presses, I can only say what is most urgent. What would the Philharmonic give me for a symphony?
Having been in poor health again for the past ten months, I haven't been able to respond to your letter until now. I did receive the £261, and I sincerely thank you for it; however, I still haven't received the sonata you dedicated to me. My biggest work is a Grand Mass that I recently completed. Since time is short, I can only mention what's most urgent. What would the Philharmonic pay me for a symphony?

I still cherish the hope of going to London next spring, if my health admits of it! You will find in me one who can thoroughly appreciate my dear pupil, now become a great master, and who can tell what benefit art might derive from our conjunction! I am, as ever, wholly devoted to my Muse, who constitutes the sole happiness of my life, and I toil and act for others as I best can. You have two children; I only one (my brother's son); but you are married, so both yours will not cost you so much as my one costs me.
I still hope to go to London next spring if my health allows! You'll find in me someone who truly appreciates my dear student, now a great master, and I can see what art could gain from our collaboration! I am, as always, completely dedicated to my Muse, who is my only happiness in life, and I work and act for others as best as I can. You have two kids; I only have one (my brother's son); but since you're married, raising both of yours won't be as costly for you as my one is for me.

Now farewell! kiss your handsome wife for me until I can perform this solemn act in person.
Now goodbye! Give a kiss to your beautiful wife for me until I can do this in person.

Your attached
Your attachment

BEETHOVEN.
Beethoven.

Pray send me your dedication, that I may strive to return the compliment, which I mean to do as soon as I receive your work.
Please send me your dedication so I can try to return the favor, which I plan to do as soon as I get your work.

306.
TO HERREN PETERS & CO., MUSIC PUBLISHERS,--LEIPZIG.

Vienna, June 5, 1822.
Vienna, June 5, 1822.

GENTLEMEN,--
Gents, --

You did me the honor to address a letter to me at a time when I was much occupied, and I have also been extremely unwell for the last five months. I now only reply to the principal points. Although I met Steiner by chance a few days ago, and asked him jestingly what he had brought me from Leipzig, he did not make the smallest allusion to your commission or to yourself. He urged me, however, in the very strongest manner, to pledge myself to give him the exclusive right of publishing all my works, both present and future,--and indeed to sign a contract to that effect,--which I declined. This trait sufficiently proves to you why I often give the preference to other publishers both home and foreign. I love uprightness and integrity, and am of opinion that no one should drive a hard bargain with artists, for, alas! however brilliant the exterior of Fame may appear, an artist does not enjoy the privilege of being the daily guest of Jupiter on Olympus; unhappily commonplace humanity only too often unpleasantly drags him down from these pure ethereal heights.
You honored me by sending a letter when I was really busy, and I've also been quite unwell for the last five months. I'm now just responding to the main points. I ran into Steiner by chance a few days ago and jokingly asked what he had brought me from Leipzig, but he didn't mention your commission or you at all. He strongly urged me to promise him the exclusive rights to publish all my work, past and future, and even wanted me to sign a contract for that, which I turned down. This behavior shows you why I often prefer other publishers, both local and international. I value honesty and integrity and believe that no one should take advantage of artists, because, unfortunately, no matter how glamorous Fame may seem, an artist isn't always treated like a VIP. Sadly, ordinary life often pulls them down from those lofty heights.

The greatest work I have hitherto written is a Grand Mass with Choruses, and four obbligati voice parts, and full orchestra. Several persons have applied to me for this work, and I have been offered 100 Louis d'or, hard cash, for it; but I demand at least 1000 florins C.M. [20 florins to the mark], for which sum I will also furnish a pianoforte arrangement. Variations on a waltz [Diabelli's] for the piano (they are numerous), 30 ducats in gold,--N.B. Vienna ducats. With regard to songs, I have several rather important descriptive ones: as, for example, a comic Aria, with full orchestra, on Goethe's text, "Mit Mädeln sich vertragen;" and another Aria, in the same style, 16 ducats each (furnishing also a pianoforte arrangement if required); also several descriptive songs, with pianoforte accompaniment, 12 ducats each; among these is a little Italian Cantata, with Recitative; there is also a Song with recitative among the German ones. A Song with pianoforte accompaniment, 8 ducats. An Elegy, four voices, with the accompaniment of two violins, viola, and violoncello, 24 ducats. A Dervise Chorus, with full orchestra, 20 ducats.
The greatest work I've written so far is a Grand Mass with choruses, four obbligati vocal parts, and a full orchestra. Several people have asked me about this work, and I've been offered 100 Louis d'or in cash for it; however, I demand at least 1000 florins C.M. [20 florins to the mark], and for that amount, I'll also provide a piano arrangement. Variations on a waltz [Diabelli's] for piano (which are numerous) are priced at 30 gold ducats—note that these are Vienna ducats. As for songs, I have several quite significant descriptive ones, such as a comic aria with full orchestra based on Goethe's text, "Mit Mädeln sich vertragen;" and another aria in the same style, priced at 16 ducats each (including a piano arrangement if needed); I also have several descriptive songs with piano accompaniment at 12 ducats each; among these is a little Italian cantata with recitative; there's also a song with recitative in the German collection. A song with piano accompaniment costs 8 ducats. An elegy for four voices, accompanied by two violins, viola, and violoncello, is priced at 24 ducats. A dervish chorus with full orchestra is 20 ducats.

Also the following instrumental music: a Grand March for full orchestra, with pianoforte accompaniment, 12 ducats, written for the tragedy of "Tarpeia." Romance for the violin (a solo with full orchestra), 15 ducats. Grand Terzet for two oboes, and one English horn (which might be arranged for other instruments), 30 ducats. Four military Marches with Turkish music; when applied for, I will name the sum. Bagatelles, or minor pianoforte solos, the price to be fixed when required. The above works are all completed. Solo pianoforte Sonata, 40 ducats (which could soon be delivered); Quartet for two violins, tenor, and violoncello, 50 ducats (this will also soon be ready). I am by no means so anxious about these, however, as about a full and complete edition of my works, being desirous to edit them during my lifetime. I have indeed received many proposals on this subject, but accompanied by stipulations to which I could scarcely agree, and which I neither could nor would fulfil. I am willing to undertake, in the course of two years, or possibly a year, or a year and a half, with proper assistance, to edit and superintend a complete edition of my works, and to furnish a new composition in each style; namely, a new work in the style of variations, one in the sonata style, and so on in every separate class of work that I have ever composed, and for the whole combined I ask 10,000 florins C.M.
Also the following instrumental music: a Grand March for full orchestra, with piano accompaniment, 12 ducats, written for the tragedy of "Tarpeia." Romance for the violin (a solo with full orchestra), 15 ducats. Grand Terzet for two oboes and one English horn (which could be arranged for other instruments), 30 ducats. Four military Marches with Turkish music; I’ll name the price when needed. Bagatelles, or minor piano solos, price to be determined upon request. The above works are all finished. Solo piano Sonata, 40 ducats (which could be delivered quickly); Quartet for two violins, tenor, and cello, 50 ducats (this will also be ready soon). I'm not as concerned about these as I am about a full and complete edition of my works, as I want to edit them while I'm still alive. I've received many proposals on this topic, but they came with terms I could hardly agree to, and which I couldn't meet. I'm willing to take on, in about two years, or possibly a year, or a year and a half, with the right help, the task of editing and overseeing a complete edition of my works, and to provide a new composition in each style; that means a new piece in the style of variations, one in sonata style, and so on for every type of work I’ve ever written, and for the whole combined I ask for 10,000 florins C.M.

I am no man of business, and only wish I were; as it is, I am guided by the offers made to me by different competitors for my works, and such a competition is rather strong just now. I request you to say nothing on the subject, because, as you may perceive from the proceedings of these gentlemen, I am exposed to a great deal of annoyance. When once my works appear published by you, I shall no longer be plagued. I shall be very glad if a connection be established between us, having heard you so well spoken of. You will then also find that I infinitely prefer dealing with one person of your description than with a variety of people of the ordinary stamp.
I’m not a businessperson, and I wish I were; as it stands, I’m just responding to the offers I get from different competitors for my work, and there’s a lot of competition right now. Please don’t mention this to anyone, because, as you can see from how these guys operate, it's causing me a lot of stress. Once my work is published by you, I won’t have to deal with this hassle anymore. I would be very happy to establish a connection with you, especially since I’ve heard such great things about you. You’ll also find that I much prefer working with one person like you than with a bunch of ordinary people.

Pray, let me have an immediate answer, as I am now on the verge of deciding on the publication of various works. If you consider it worth while, be so good as to send me a duplicate of the list with which you furnished Herr Steiner. In the expectation of a speedy reply, I remain, with esteem,
Pray, let me have an immediate answer, as I am now on the verge of deciding on the publication of various works. If you consider it worth while, be so good as to send me a duplicate of the list with which you furnished Herr Steiner. In the expectation of a speedy reply, I remain, with esteem,

Your obedient
LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN.
Your obedient servant,
LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN.

307.
TO HERREN PETERS & CO.

Vienna, July 26, 1822.
Vienna, July 26, 1822.

I write merely to say that I agree to give you the Mass and pianoforte arrangement of it for 1000 florins C.M. You shall receive the above, written out in score, by the end of July, perhaps a few days sooner or later. As I am always very much occupied, and have been indisposed for the last five months, and works to be sent to a distance requiring the most careful supervision, I must proceed rather more slowly than usual. At all events, Steiner shall get nothing further from me, as he has just played me a most Jewish trick; so he is not one of those who might have had the Mass. The competition for my works is at present very great, for which I thank the Almighty, as I have hitherto been such a loser. I am the foster-father of my brother's destitute child, a boy who shows so much aptitude for scientific pursuits that not only does his study of these, and his maintenance, cost a great deal of money, but I must also strive to make some future provision for him; being neither Indians nor Iroquois, who, as we know, leave everything to Providence, whereas we consider a pauper's existence to be a very sad one.
I’m writing to let you know that I’m willing to give you the Mass and the piano arrangement for 1000 florins C.M. You will receive the full score by the end of July, maybe a few days earlier or later. Since I’ve been quite busy and unwell for the past five months, and since sending works far away requires extra attention, I need to work a bit slower than usual. Anyway, Steiner won’t be getting anything else from me since he just pulled a really underhanded move; he’s definitely not someone who would have received the Mass. There’s a lot of competition for my work right now, which I’m grateful for, especially since I’ve had so many losses in the past. I’m also the guardian of my brother's needy child, a boy who’s so talented in academics that not only is his education and upkeep quite expensive, but I also have to plan for his future; we’re not like the Indians or the Iroquois, who leave everything to chance, while we see a life of poverty as very unfortunate.

I assure you on my honor, which, next to God, is what I prize most, that I authorized no one to accept commissions for me. My fixed principle has always been never to make any offer to publishers; not from pride, but simply from a wish to ascertain how far the empire of my small talents extended.
I promise you on my honor, which I value most after God, that I didn't authorize anyone to accept commissions on my behalf. I've always been clear about my principle of never making offers to publishers; not out of pride, but just to see how far the reach of my limited talents goes.

I must conclude for to-day, and wishing you every success, I am, with esteem,
I have to wrap up for today, and I wish you all the best. Sincerely,

Your obedient
BEETHOVEN.
Yours truly,
BEETHOVEN.

308.^[1]
TO HERR PETERS.

Vienna, August 3, 1822.
Vienna, August 3, 1822.

I already wrote to you that my health was still far from being quite restored. I am obliged to have recourse to baths and mineral waters as well as to medicine; all this makes me rather unpunctual, especially as I must go on writing; corrections, too, run away with a great deal of time.
I already told you that my health is still not completely back to normal. I have to rely on baths and mineral waters, as well as medication; all of this makes me somewhat unfocused, especially since I need to keep writing; making corrections also takes up a lot of time.

As to the songs and marches and other trifles, my choice is still undecided, but by the 15th of this month everything shall be ready to be sent off. I await your orders on the subject, and in the mean time shall make no use of your bill of exchange. As soon as I know that the money for the Mass and the other works has arrived here, all shall be ready for delivery by the 15th; and after that date I must set off to some mineral waters near this, when it will be most desirable for me to avoid all business for a time. More as to other matters when less occupied. Pray, do not suspect me of any ignoble motives. It pains me when I am obliged to bargain.
As for the songs, marches, and other minor details, I still haven't made up my mind, but everything will be ready to send by the 15th of this month. I'm waiting for your instructions on the matter and, in the meantime, I won't use your bill of exchange. Once I confirm that the funds for the Mass and other projects have arrived here, everything will be set for delivery by the 15th. After that date, I need to head to some mineral springs nearby, so it’s best for me to take a break from work. I’ll share more about other topics when I’m less busy. Please don't think I have any unworthy intentions. It bothers me when I have to negotiate.

In haste. With esteem, yours,
BEETHOVEN.
Quickly. Best regards,
BEETHOVEN.

[Footnote 1: Schindler states that the advance of 360 florins C.M. was made to Beethoven in August, 1822. The receipt is dated Nov. 30, 1825.]
[Footnote 1: Schindler mentions that the advance of 360 florins C.M. was given to Beethoven in August 1822. The receipt is dated Nov. 30, 1825.]

309.
TO HERR ARTARIA.

August 22, 1822.
August 22, 1822.

Being overwhelmed with work, I can only briefly say that I will always do what I can to repay your obliging kindness to me. With regard to the Mass, I have been offered 1000 florins (C.M.) for it. My circumstances do not permit me to accept a less sum from you; all that I can do is to give you the preference. Rest assured that I do not ask you one farthing more than others have offered me, which I can prove to you by written documents. You can consider about this, but I must request you to send me an answer on the subject to-morrow, it being a post-day, and my decision expected elsewhere. With regard to the 150 florins for which I am your debtor, I intend to make you a proposal, as I stand in great need of the 1000 florins.
Being swamped with work, I can only briefly say that I will always do my best to repay your generous kindness. Regarding the Mass, I've been offered 1000 florins (C.M.) for it. My situation doesn't allow me to accept a lower amount from you; all I can do is give you priority. Rest assured, I'm not asking you for one penny more than what others have offered me, which I can prove with written documents. Think about this, but I must ask you to send me a response tomorrow since it's a mail day, and I need to make a decision elsewhere. As for the 150 florins I owe you, I plan to make you a proposal since I really need the 1000 florins.

I beg you will observe strict secrecy as to the Mass. Now, as ever,
I urge you to keep the Mass completely confidential. Now, just as always,

Your grateful friend,
BEETHOVEN.
Your thankful friend,
BEETHOVEN.

310.
TO HERR PETERS,--LEIPZIG

Vienna, November 22, 1822.
Vienna, Nov 22, 1822.

I now reply to your letter of the 9th November, in which I expected to find just reproaches for my apparent negligence, you having sent me the money and as yet received nothing in return. Unfair as this may appear, I know you would be mollified towards me in a few minutes were we to meet.
I’m now responding to your letter from November 9th, where I anticipated hearing some just criticisms for my seeming neglect, since you sent me money and haven’t received anything in return yet. As unfair as this might seem, I know you would soften towards me within a few minutes if we were to meet.

Everything is now ready for you, except selecting the songs, but at all events you shall receive one more than our agreement. I can send you more bagatelles than I promised, as I have got ten others beside; if you write to me immediately, I will send you these, or as many as you wish for, along with the rest.
Everything is now ready for you, except choosing the songs, but in any case, you’ll get one more than we agreed on. I can send you more bagatelles than I promised, since I have ten others as well; if you write to me right away, I’ll send you these, or as many as you want, along with the rest.

My health, indeed, is not entirely reestablished by the baths, yet on the whole I think I have improved. I had another annoyance here, owing to a person having engaged an unsuitable lodging for me, which is hard on me, as I cannot yet accustom myself to it, and my occupations are thus sadly deranged.
My health isn't fully back to normal from the baths, but overall, I feel like I've improved. I faced another issue here because someone booked me a place to stay that isn’t right for me, which is tough because I’m still getting used to it, and it has really thrown off my routine.

The case with regard to the Mass stands thus: I finished one long ago, and another is in progress. There is always a certain degree of gossip about people of our class, which has, no doubt, misled you. I don't yet know which you are to get. Besieged on all sides, I am almost forced to testify the reverse of the dictum that "the spirit cannot be weighed." I send you my best wishes, and trust that time will foster a beneficial and honorable connection between us.
The situation with the Mass is as follows: I finished one a while back, and I'm working on another. There’s always some gossip about people in our social circle, which has probably confused you. I still don’t know which one you’ll receive. Surrounded by pressure from all sides, I almost feel compelled to contradict the saying that "the spirit cannot be weighed." I’m sending you my best wishes and hope that time will nurture a positive and honorable relationship between us.

BEETHOVEN.
Beethoven.

311.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

I was extremely unwell both yesterday and the day before; unfortunately there was no one whom I could send to apprise Y.R.H. of the fact. As I felt better towards evening, I went into the town to make Schlemmer correct the Sonata.^[1] He was not at home, so I requested him to come here to-day. I send the Sonata by him, and will come in to-day before four o'clock to wait on Y.R.H.
I was really sick both yesterday and the day before; unfortunately, there was no one I could send to inform Y.R.H. about it. As I started feeling better in the evening, I went into town to have Schlemmer fix the Sonata.^[1] He wasn't home, so I asked him to come here today. I'm sending the Sonata with him and will come in today before four o'clock to check in with Y.R.H.

[K.]
[K.]

[Footnote 1: The C minor pianoforte Sonata, Op. 111?]
[Footnote 1: The C minor piano Sonata, Op. 111?]

312.
TO HERR PETERS.

Vienna, December 20, 1822.
Vienna, December 20, 1822.

I take advantage of a moment's leisure to-day to answer your letter. Not one of all the works that are your property is unfinished, but time is too precious to particularize all the details that prevent the copying and sending off the music to you. I recollect in a former letter having offered you some more bagatelles, but I by no means press you to take them. If you wish only to have the four, so be it; but in that case I must make a different selection. Herr ---- has not as yet got anything from me. Herr ---- begged me to make him a present of the songs for the "Journal de la Mode," which, in fact, I did not write for money; indeed, I find it quite impossible to act in every case according to so much per cent. It is painful for me to calculate in this manner oftener than is absolutely necessary. My position is far from being so brilliant as you think, &c., &c. It is not possible to listen to all these proposals at once, being far too numerous, but many cannot be refused. A commission is not always quite in accordance with the inclinations of an author. If my salary were not so far reduced as to be no salary at all,^[1] I would write nothing but symphonies for a full orchestra, and church music, or at most quartets.
I’m taking a moment today to respond to your letter. None of your works are unfinished, but time is too valuable to go into all the details that are delaying the copying and sending of the music to you. I remember I offered you some more bagatelles in a previous letter, but I don’t want to push you to take them. If you only want the four, that’s fine; but in that case, I’ll need to make a different selection. Herr ---- hasn’t received anything from me yet. Herr ---- asked me to gift him the songs for the "Journal de la Mode," which I actually didn’t write for payment; honestly, it’s quite difficult for me to always act based on percentages. It’s painful for me to calculate this way more often than absolutely necessary. My situation is far from as great as you think, etc., etc. It’s impossible to consider all these proposals at once since there are just too many, but many of them can’t be refused. A commission doesn’t always align with an author’s preferences. If my salary weren’t reduced to the point of being nonexistent,^[1] I would only write symphonies for a full orchestra and church music, or at most quartets.

Of my minor works, you can still have Variations for two oboes and one English horn, on the theme from "Don Giovanni," "La ci darem la mano," and a Gratulation Minuet for a full orchestra. I should be glad, likewise, to have your opinion about the full edition of my works.
Of my smaller pieces, you can still find Variations for two oboes and one English horn, based on the theme from "Don Giovanni," "La ci darem la mano," and a Gratulation Minuet for a full orchestra. I'd also appreciate your thoughts on the complete edition of my works.

In the most desperate haste, your obedient
In the most desperate haste, your obedient

BEETHOVEN.
Beethoven.

[Footnote 1: It was reduced from 4000 gulden to 800.]
[Footnote 1: It was lowered from 4000 gulden to 800.]

313.
TO F. RIES,--LONDON

Vienna, December 20, 1822.
Vienna, December 20, 1822.

MY DEAR RIES,--
MY DEAR RIES,--

I have been so overburdened with work that I am only now able to reply to your letter of November 15. I accept with pleasure the proposal to write a new symphony for the Philharmonic Society. Although the prices given by the English cannot be compared with those paid by other nations, still I would gladly write even gratis for those whom I consider the first artists in Europe--were I not still, as ever, the poor Beethoven.
I’ve been so swamped with work that I’m only now able to respond to your letter from November 15. I’m happy to accept the proposal to write a new symphony for the Philharmonic Society. Even though the fees offered by the English don’t measure up to those from other countries, I would gladly write for free for those I consider the best artists in Europe—if I weren’t still, as always, the poor Beethoven.

If I were only in London, what would I not write for the Philharmonic! For Beethoven, thank God! can write--if he can do nothing in the world besides! If Providence only vouchsafes to restore my health, which is at least improving, I shall then be able to respond to the many proposals from all parts of Europe, and even North America, and may thus perhaps be some day in clover.
If I were just in London, I’d have so much to write for the Philharmonic! Thank God Beethoven can create music—if that's all he can do in this world! If fate allows my health to improve, which it is at least getting better, I'll be able to take on the many offers coming from all over Europe and even North America, and maybe one day I’ll be in a good place.

314.
TO IGNAZ RITTER VON SEYFRIED.

1822.
1822.

MY DEAR AND WORTHY BROTHER IN APOLLO,--
MY DEAR AND VALUED BROTHER IN APOLLO,--

I heartily thank you for the trouble you have taken in aiding my charitable work.^[1] I rejoice that its success is universally admitted, and hope you will never fail to let me know when it is in my power to serve you by my poor talents. The worthy municipal corporation is, no doubt, thoroughly convinced of my good-will; in order to give fresh proofs of it, we ought to have a friendly interview as to the mode in which I can best serve the corporation. When such a master as yourself takes an interest in us, our pinions ought never to droop.
I sincerely thank you for the effort you've put into supporting my charitable work.^[1] I'm glad to see that its success is widely recognized, and I hope you'll always let me know when I can help you with my limited skills. The respected municipal corporation is surely confident in my goodwill; to further demonstrate it, we should have a friendly meeting to discuss how I can best assist the corporation. When someone like you takes an interest in us, we should never lose our enthusiasm.

I am, with the warmest esteem,
Your friend,
BEETHOVEN.
I am, with the warmest regards,
Your friend,
BEETHOVEN.

[Footnote 1: Seyfried, at a concert for the benefit of the Burgher Hospital, performed Beethoven's grand fugue Fest Ouverture (in C major, in Op. 124), 1822, in celebration of the opening of the new Josephstadt Theatre. The written parts were returned to him with the grateful thanks of the committee.]
[Footnote 1: Seyfried, at a charity concert for the Burgher Hospital, performed Beethoven's grand fugue Fest Ouverture (in C major, Op. 124), 1822, to celebrate the opening of the new Josephstadt Theatre. The written parts were sent back to him with the committee's heartfelt thanks.]

THIRD PART

LIFE'S TROUBLES AND CLOSE.
1823 TO 1827.

315.
TO ZELTER.^[1]

Vienna, Feb. 8, 1823.
Vienna, Feb. 8, 1823.

MY BRAVE COLLEAGUE IN ART,--
MY COURAGEOUS COLLEAGUE IN ART,--

I write, having a favor to ask of you, for we are now so distant from each other that we can no longer converse together, and, indeed, unhappily, we can seldom write either. I have written a grand mass, which might also be given as an oratorio (for the benefit of the poor, a good established custom here). I do not wish to publish it in the usual way, but to dispose of it to some of the leading courts alone. I ask fifty ducats for it. No copies are to be sold except those subscribed for, so that the mass will be, as it were, in manuscript; but there must be a fair number of subscribers, if any profit is to accrue to the author. I have made an application to the Prussian embassy here, to know if the King of Prussia would vouchsafe to take a copy, and I have also written to Prince Radziwill, to ask him to interest himself in the affair. I beg you likewise to do what you can for me. It is a work that might likewise be useful to the Academy of Singing, for there is scarcely any portion of it that could not be almost entirely executed by voices. The more these are increased and multiplied in combination with instruments, the more effective would be the result. It ought to be appropriate also as an oratorio, for such societies as those for the benefit of the poor require marks of this kind. Having been an invalid for some years past, and consequently my position anything but brilliant, I have had recourse to this scheme. I have written much; but as to profits, they are nearly nil! The more do I look upwards; but both for his own sake, and that of others, man is obliged to turn his eyes earthwards; for this, too, is part of the destiny of humanity. I embrace you, my dear fellow-artist, and am, with sincere esteem,
I’m writing to ask you for a favor, since we’re now so far apart that we can’t talk and, unfortunately, we can rarely even write to each other. I've composed a grand mass that could also be performed as an oratorio (for the benefit of the poor, which is a good tradition around here). I don’t want to publish it in the usual way, but rather sell it privately to some of the leading courts. I’m asking for fifty ducats for it. No copies will be sold except those that are subscribed for, so the mass will essentially be in manuscript form; however, there needs to be a decent number of subscribers for the author to see any profit. I've reached out to the Prussian embassy to see if the King of Prussia would be willing to take a copy, and I’ve also written to Prince Radziwill to ask him to support this endeavor. I kindly ask you to do what you can to help me. This work could also be beneficial to the Academy of Singing, as there’s hardly a part that couldn’t be performed almost entirely by voices. The more voices are combined with instruments, the more impactful the performance would be. It should also work well as an oratorio, since groups like the ones that help the poor need pieces like this. Having been an invalid for several years and in a less than ideal situation, I’ve turned to this plan. I've written a lot, but the profits are nearly nil! I look upward for hope; but, for our own sake and that of others, we must also look downwards, as that is part of human destiny. I embrace you, my dear fellow artist, and am, with sincere respect,

Your friend,
BEETHOVEN.
Your friend, Beethoven.

[Footnote 1: Zelter was in Vienna in 1819.]
[Footnote 1: Zelter was in Vienna in 1819.]

316.
TO F. RIES,--LONDON.

... Manage this as soon as you can for your poor friend. I also expect my travelling route from you. Things have become quite too bad here, and I am fleeced worse than ever. If I do not go at all, lo! and behold a crimen laesae!... As it seems that you wish soon to have a dedication from me, I gladly comply with your request, much more so than with that of any great man; though, entre nous, the devil alone can tell how soon one may fall into their hands! The dedication to you will be written on the new symphony; and I hope I shall at length receive yours to me.
... Please take care of this as soon as you can for your poor friend. I’m also expecting my travel itinerary from you. Things have gotten really bad here, and I'm being taken advantage of more than ever. If I don’t go at all, just wait and see a crimen laesae!... Since it looks like you want a dedication from me soon, I’m happy to fulfill your request, even more so than for any famous person; although, entre nous, only the devil knows how quickly one might fall into their hands! The dedication to you will be written on the new symphony, and I hope to finally receive yours addressed to me.

B. is to open the letter he took charge of for the King [George IV.], in which he will see what I have written to His Majesty on the subject of the "Battle of Vittoria." The tenor of the enclosed is the same; but not a word as to the mass.^[1] Our amiable friend B. must try to get me at least a battle-axe or a turtle for it! The engraved copy of the score of "The Battle" must also be presented to the King. This letter will cost you a good deal [seventeen shillings]; but I beg you will deduct it from your remittance to me. How much I regret being so troublesome! May God prosper you!
B. is to open the letter he took charge of for the King [George IV.], where he will see what I have written to His Majesty about the "Battle of Vittoria." The enclosed document has the same content, but it doesn't mention the mass.^[1] Our kind friend B. needs to at least get me a battle-axe or a turtle for it! The engraved copy of the score for "The Battle" should also be given to the King. This letter will cost you quite a bit [seventeen shillings], but please deduct it from your remittance to me. I really regret being such a nuisance! May God bless you!

Say all that is amiable to your wife till I come myself. Beware! you think me old; but I am a young veteran!
Say all that is nice to your wife until I get there myself. Be careful! You think I'm old, but I'm a young veteran!

Yours, as ever,
B.
Yours always,
B.

[Footnote 1: On February 24, 1823, Beethoven wrote to the King of England that, so far back as 1813, he had sent him "Wellington's Victory," but never had received any communication on the subject; he, therefore, now sent an engraved copy of the work, which had been intended for him since 1815. He closed the letter by saying: "Convinced of the discrimination and kindness which your Majesty has always evinced in protecting and encouraging art and artists, the undersigned ventures to hope that your Majesty will graciously take the matter into consideration, and vouchsafe to comply with his respectful solicitation."]
[Footnote 1: On February 24, 1823, Beethoven wrote to the King of England that, as far back as 1813, he had sent him "Wellington's Victory," but had never received any response on the matter; he, therefore, now sent an engraved copy of the work, which had been meant for him since 1815. He ended the letter by saying: "Confident in the discernment and kindness that your Majesty has always shown in supporting and encouraging art and artists, I respectfully hope that your Majesty will kindly consider this matter and grant my request."]

317.
TO SCHINDLER.

MY VERY BEST OPTIMUS OPTIME,--
MY ABSOLUTE BEST OPTIMUS OPTIME,--

Pray try to hunt out a philanthropist who will advance me some money on a bank-share, that I may not put the generosity of my friends too much to the test, nor myself be placed in difficulty by the delay of this money, for which I have to thank the fine plans and arrangements of my precious brother.
Pray try to find a philanthropist who will lend me some money on a bank share, so I don't have to pressure my friends' generosity too much, or put myself in a tough spot because of the delay in getting this money, which I owe to the great plans and arrangements of my dear brother.

You must not let it appear that this money is really wanted.
You shouldn't let it seem like you really need this money.

318.
TO SCHINDLER.

DEAR SCHINDLER,--
DEAR SCHINDLER,--

Don't forget the bank-share. It is greatly needed; it would be very annoying to be brought into court; indeed, I would not be so for the whole world. My brother's conduct is quite worthy of him. The tailor is appointed to come to-day, still I hope to be able to get rid of him for the present by a few polite phrases.
Don't forget the bank share. It’s really important; it would be very frustrating to end up in court; honestly, I wouldn’t want that for anything. My brother's behavior is just like him. The tailor is supposed to come today, but I still hope I can politely send him away for now.

319.
TO HERR KIND.

DEAR KIND,--
DEAR KIND,--

I intend to call on you at latest on Wednesday afternoon at four o'clock, when I will settle everything.
I plan to come by at the latest on Wednesday afternoon at 4 PM, when I'll take care of everything.

Your obedient
BEETHOVEN.
Your loyal
BEETHOVEN.

320.
TO CHERUBINI.^[1]

March 15, 1823.
March 15, 1823.

HIGHLY ESTEEMED SIR,--
Dear Esteemed Sir, --

I joyfully take advantage of this opportunity to address you. I have done so frequently in spirit, as I prize your theatrical works beyond others. The artistic world has only to lament that, in Germany at least, no new dramatic piece of yours has appeared. Highly as all your works are valued by true connoisseurs, still it is a great loss to art not to possess any fresh production of your great genius for the theatre.
I’m really excited to take this chance to speak to you. I’ve thought about it often because I value your theatrical works more than any others. The artistic community can only regret that, at least in Germany, we haven’t seen a new play from you. Even though true enthusiasts highly appreciate all your works, it’s still a significant loss for art that we don’t have any new creations from your incredible talent for the stage.

True art is imperishable, and the true artist feels heartfelt pleasure in grand works of genius, and that is what enchants me when I hear a new composition of yours; in fact, I take greater interest in it than in my own; in short, I love and honor you. Were it not that my continued bad health prevents my going to see you in Paris, with what exceeding delight would I discuss questions of art with you! Do not think that this is merely intended to serve as an introduction to the favor I am about to ask of you. I hope and feel convinced that you do not for a moment suspect me of such base sentiments.
True art lasts forever, and a true artist takes genuine pleasure in great works of genius, which is what captivates me when I hear your new compositions; honestly, I care more about them than my own. In short, I love and respect you. If my ongoing poor health didn’t keep me from visiting you in Paris, I would be thrilled to talk about art with you! Please don’t think this is just a way to lead into the favor I’m about to ask of you. I hope you’re convinced that I would never have such lowly intentions.

I recently completed a grand solemn mass, and have resolved to offer it to the various European courts, as it is not my intention to publish it at present. I have therefore solicited the King of France, through the French embassy here, to subscribe to this work, and I feel certain that his Majesty would, at your recommendation, agree to do so. Ma situation critique demande que je ne fixe pas seulement, comme ordinnaire, mes voeux au ciel; au contraire, il faut les fixer aussi ["aussi" in Beethoven's hand] en bas pour les nécessités de la vie. Whatever may be the fate of my request to you, I shall forever continue to love and esteem you, et vous resterez toujours celui de mes contemporains que je l'estime le plus. Si vous me voulez faire un extrême plaisir, c'était si vous m'écrivez quelques lignes, ce que me soulagera bien. L'art unit tout le monde, how much more, then, true artists, et peut-être vous me dignez aussi to include me in that number. Avec le plus haut estime,
I recently completed a grand solemn mass and have decided to offer it to various European courts, as I don't plan to publish it right now. I've therefore asked the King of France, through the French embassy here, to support this work, and I'm sure that His Majesty would agree to do so at your suggestion. Ma situation critique demande que je ne fixe pas seulement, comme ordinnaire, mes voeux au ciel; au contraire, il faut les fixer aussi ["aussi" in Beethoven's hand] en bas pour les nécessités de la vie. No matter what happens with my request to you, I will always continue to love and respect you, et vous resterez toujours celui de mes contemporains que je l'estime le plus. Si vous me voulez faire un extrême plaisir, c'était si vous m'écrivez quelques lignes, ce que me soulagera bien. L'art unit tout le monde, so how much more true artists, et peut-être vous me dignez aussi to include me in that number. Avec le plus haut estime,

Votre ami et serviteur,
BEETHOVEN.
Your friend and servant, BEETHOVEN.

[Footnote 1: Cherubini declared that he never received this letter.]
[Footnote 1: Cherubini stated that he never got this letter.]

321.
TO SCHINDLER.^[1]

DEAR SCHINDLER,--
Dear Schindler,

I am not sure whether the other copy was corrected or not, so I send you this one instead. As to N. in S----, I beg you not to say a word; Bl. is already very uneasy on the subject. In haste, your friend,
I’m not sure if the other copy was fixed or not, so I’m sending you this one instead. Regarding N. in S----, please don’t say anything; Bl. is already very worried about it. Quickly, your friend,

BEETHOVEN.
BEETHOVEN.

[Footnote 1: We cannot understand what induced Beethoven, who lived in the same house with Schindler, to write to him; but he often did so to persons with whom he could easily have spoken, partly in order to get rid of the matter while it was in his thoughts, and also because he was a great deal from home; that is, going backwards and forwards from one lodging to another, having often several at the same time.]
[Footnote 1: We can't really know why Beethoven, who lived in the same house as Schindler, chose to write to him; but he often wrote to people he could have easily talked to in person, partly to clear his mind of thoughts while they were still fresh, and also because he spent a lot of time away from home, often moving back and forth between different places, sometimes staying in several at once.]

322.
TO HERR PETERS,--LEIPZIG.

Vienna, March 20, 1823.
Vienna, March 20, 1823.

The other three marches are only to be sent off to-day, as I missed the post last week. Irregular as I have been on this occasion in our transactions, you would not think me so culpable if you were here, and aware of my position, a description of which would be too tedious both for you and me.
The other three letters are only going out today because I missed the post last week. Even though I've been a bit off with this situation, you wouldn't think I'm so at fault if you were here and understood my situation, which I won’t bore you with describing.

I have now an observation to make with regard to what I have sent off to you.
I have an observation to share about what I sent to you.

Several sets of wind instruments may combine in the performance of the Grand March, and if this cannot be done, and a regimental band is not strong enough for its present arrangement, any bandmaster can easily adapt it by omitting some of the parts.
Several groups of wind instruments can come together for the Grand March performance, and if that’s not possible, or if a regimental band isn’t strong enough for its current setup, any bandmaster can easily adjust it by leaving out some of the parts.

You can, no doubt, find some one in Leipzig to show you how this can be managed with a smaller number, although I should regret if it were not to appear engraved exactly as it is written.
You can definitely find someone in Leipzig to show you how to do this with fewer people, although I would be disappointed if it didn't come out just as it's written.

You must forgive the numerous corrections in the works I send; my old copyist no longer sees distinctly, and the younger one has yet to be trained, but at all events there are no errors left.
You have to forgive the many corrections in the works I'm sending; my older copyist can no longer see clearly, and the younger one still needs training. But anyway, there are no mistakes left.

It is impossible for me to comply at once with your request for a stringed and a pianoforte quartet, but if you will write to me fixing the time you wish to have both works, I will do what I can to complete them. I must, however, apprise you that I cannot accept less than 50 ducats for a stringed quartet, and 70 for a pianoforte one, without incurring loss; indeed, I have repeatedly been offered more than 50 ducats for a violin quartet. I am, however, always unwilling to ask more than necessary, so I adhere to the sum of 50 ducats, which is, in fact, nowadays the usual price.
I can't immediately fulfill your request for a string quartet and a piano quartet, but if you let me know when you need both pieces completed, I'll do my best to finish them. I do want to let you know that I can't accept less than 50 ducats for the string quartet and 70 for the piano quartet without losing money; in fact, I've often been offered more than 50 ducats for a violin quartet. However, I try not to ask for more than necessary, so I stick to the 50 ducats price, which is actually the standard rate these days.

The other commission is indeed an uncommon one, and I, of course, accept it, only I must beg you to let me know soon when it is required; otherwise, willing as I am to give you the preference, I might find it almost impossible to do so. You know I wrote to you formerly that quartets were precisely what had risen most in value, which makes me feel positively ashamed when I have to ask a price for a really great work. Still, such is my position that it obliges me to secure every possible advantage. It is very different, however, with the work itself; when I never, thank God, think of profit, but solely of how I write it. It so happens that two others besides yourself wish to have a mass of mine, and I am quite disposed to write at least three. The first has long been finished, the second not yet so, and the third not even begun. But in reference to yourself, I must have a certainty, that I may in any event be secure.
The other commission is indeed unusual, and I happily accept it, but I must ask you to let me know soon when it’s needed; otherwise, despite my eagerness to prioritize you, I might find it nearly impossible to do so. You know I mentioned before that quartets have really increased in value, which honestly makes me feel a bit embarrassed when I have to ask for a price for a really great work. Still, my situation requires me to secure every possible advantage. However, this doesn't affect the work itself; when I create, I never think about profit, but only about how I write it. As it stands, two others besides you are also interested in a mass of mine, and I’m prepared to write at least three. The first one is already finished, the second one isn’t quite done yet, and I haven’t even started the third. But regarding you, I must have certainty, so I can be secure in any case.

More of this next time I write; do not remit the money, at any rate till you hear from me that the work is ready to be sent off.
More of this next time I write; don’t send the money until you hear from me that the work is ready to be sent off.

I must now conclude. I hope your distress is, by this time, in some degree alleviated.
I need to wrap this up now. I hope your worries have eased up a bit by now.

Your friend,
BEETHOVEN.
Your friend,
Beethoven.

323.
TO ZELTER.

Vienna, March 25, 1823.
Vienna, March 25, 1823.

SIR,--
SIR,

I avail myself of the present opportunity to send you my best wishes. The bearer of this asked me to recommend her to you; her name is Cornega; she has a fine mezzo soprano, and is a very artistic singer, and has, moreover, been favorably received in several operas.
I’m taking this chance to send you my best wishes. The person delivering this asked me to recommend her to you; her name is Cornega; she has a beautiful mezzo soprano and is a very talented singer, plus she has received positive feedback in several operas.

I have also specially considered your proposals about your Academy for Singing. If the Mass is ever published, I will send you a copy free of all charge. There is no doubt that it might be almost entirely executed à la capella; in which case, however, the work would have to be arranged accordingly; perhaps you have patience to do this. Besides, there is already a movement in the work quite à la capella, and that style may be specially termed the true church style. Thanks for your wish to be of service to me, but never would I accept anything whatever from so highly esteemed an artist as yourself. I honor you, and only wish I could have an opportunity to prove this by my actions.
I have also considered your proposals about your Academy for Singing. If the Mass is ever published, I will send you a copy for free. There's no doubt that it could be almost entirely done in à la capella; however, in that case, the work would need to be arranged accordingly; perhaps you have the patience to do this. Additionally, there's already a section of the work that is quite à la capella, and that style can specifically be called the true church style. Thank you for your willingness to help me, but I would never accept anything from such a highly respected artist like you. I honor you and only wish I could show that through my actions.

I am, with high consideration,
Your friend and servant,
BEETHOVEN.
I am, with great respect,
Your friend and servant,
BEETHOVEN.

324.
TO HIS IMPERIAL HIGHNESS THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

The Spring of 1823.
Spring 1823.

YOUR IMPERIAL HIGHNESS,--
Your Imperial Highness, --

It must still be some days before I can wait on you again, as I am in the greatest hurry to send off the works that I named to your R.H. yesterday, for if they are not punctually dispatched, I might lose all profit. Your R.H. can easily understand how much time is occupied in getting copies made, and looking through every part; indeed, it would not be easy to find a more troublesome task. Your R.H. will, I am sure, gladly dispense with my detailing all the toil caused by this kind of thing, but I am compelled to allude to it candidly, though only in so far as is absolutely necessary to prevent your R.H. being misled with regard to me, knowing, alas! only too well what efforts are made to prejudice your R.H. against me. But time will prove that I have been in all respects most faithful and attached to your R.H., and if my position were only as great as my zeal to serve your R.H., no happier man than myself would exist.
It will still be a few days before I can see you again, as I am in a big rush to send off the works I mentioned to your R.H. yesterday. If they aren't sent out on time, I might lose all profit. Your R.H. can easily understand how much time it takes to make copies and review everything; honestly, it’s not an easy task. I’m sure your R.H. would prefer I not go into detail about all the hard work involved in this, but I feel I must mention it honestly, just enough to make sure your R.H. isn't misled about me, knowing, unfortunately, all too well the efforts made to turn your R.H. against me. But time will show that I have been completely loyal and dedicated to your R.H., and if my position were as significant as my eagerness to serve your R.H., there wouldn't be a happier person than me.

I am your R.H.'s faithful and obedient servant,
I am your R.H.'s loyal and dedicated servant,

BEETHOVEN.
Beethoven.

325.
TO SCHINDLER.

Imprimis.--Papageno, not a word of what I said about Prussia. No reliance is to be placed on it; Martin Luther's table-talk alone can be compared to it. I earnestly beg my brother also not to remove the padlock from his lips, and not to allow anything to transpire beyond the Selchwurst-Gasse.^[1]
First of all.--Papageno, don’t say a word about what I mentioned regarding Prussia. You can't trust it; only Martin Luther's table talk is comparable. I sincerely ask my brother not to unlock his lips and to keep everything that’s said contained within Selchwurst-Gasse.^[1]

Finis.--Inquire of that arch-churl Diabelli when the French copy of the Sonata in C minor [Op. 111] is to be published. I stipulated to have five copies for myself, one of which is to be on fine paper, for the Cardinal [the Archduke Rudolph]. If he attempts any of his usual impertinence on this subject, I will sing him in person a bass aria in his warehouse which shall cause it and all the street (Graben) to ring!^[2]
Finis.--Ask that major jerk Diabelli when the French version of the Sonata in C minor [Op. 111] will be released. I made sure to request five copies for myself, one of which is to be on high-quality paper, for the Cardinal [the Archduke Rudolph]. If he tries any of his usual nonsense regarding this, I will perform a bass aria for him in his warehouse that will make the whole street (Graben) echo!^[2]

[Footnote 1: Schindler relates: "The royal decision (to subscribe for a copy of the mass) was brought to Beethoven by the Chancellor of the Embassy, Hofrath Wernhard. Whether Prince Hatzfeld [the Ambassador] made the following offer from his own impulse, or in consequence of a commission from Berlin, is not known. At all events, the Hofrath put this question in the name of the prince to the great composer, 'Whether he would be disposed to prefer a royal order to the fifty ducats' [the sum demanded for the mass]. Beethoven replied at once, 'The fifty ducats.' Scarcely had the Chancellor left the room when Beethoven, in considerable excitement, indulged in all kinds of sarcastic remarks on the manner in which many of his contemporaries hunted after orders and decorations, these being in his estimation generally gained at the cost of the sanctity of art."]
[Footnote 1: Schindler shares: "The royal decision (to subscribe for a copy of the mass) was communicated to Beethoven by the Chancellor of the Embassy, Hofrath Wernhard. It’s unclear whether Prince Hatzfeld [the Ambassador] made the following offer out of his own initiative or if it was ordered from Berlin. Regardless, the Hofrath asked the great composer on behalf of the prince if he would prefer a royal order instead of the fifty ducats [the price set for the mass]. Beethoven responded immediately, 'The fifty ducats.' As soon as the Chancellor left the room, Beethoven, quite agitated, made a series of sarcastic comments about how many of his contemporaries were obsessed with getting orders and awards, which he believed were often obtained at the expense of the integrity of art."]

[Footnote 2: Schindler relates that Diabelli had refused to let Beethoven again have the MS. of the Sonata, which he had repeatedly sent for when in the hands of the engraver, in order to correct and improve it. Diabelli therefore coolly submitted to all this abuse of the enraged composer, and wrote to him that he would note down the threatened bass aria, and publish it, but would give him the usual gratuity for it, and that Beethoven had better come to see him. On this Beethoven said no more. This Sonata is dedicated to the Archduke Rudolph, and is also published by Schlesinger.]
[Footnote 2: Schindler mentions that Diabelli wouldn’t give Beethoven the manuscript of the Sonata again, which Beethoven had asked for multiple times while it was with the engraver, so he could make corrections and improvements. Diabelli calmly put up with all the upset from the furious composer and told him that he would write down the threatened bass aria and publish it, but would pay him the usual fee for it. Diabelli suggested that Beethoven should come to see him. Beethoven didn’t respond further. This Sonata is dedicated to Archduke Rudolph and is also published by Schlesinger.]

326.
TO F. RIES,--LONDON.

Vienna, April 25, 1823.
Vienna, April 25, 1823.

DEAR RIES,--
DEAR RIES, --

The Cardinal's stay here of a month robbed me of a great deal of time, being obliged to give him daily lessons of two or three hours each; and after such lessons I was scarcely able next day to think, far less to write. My continued melancholy situation compels me, however, to write immediately what will bring me in sufficient money for present use. What a sad revelation is this! I am, besides, far from well, owing to my many troubles,--weak eyes among others.
The Cardinal's month-long stay here took up a lot of my time, as I had to give him daily lessons for two or three hours each. After those lessons, I found it hard to think the next day, let alone write. My ongoing sad situation, however, pushes me to write right away about what will earn me enough money for the moment. What a frustrating realization this is! I'm also not feeling well due to my many troubles, including weak eyesight among other issues.

But do not be uneasy, you shall shortly receive the Symphony; really and truly, my distressing condition is alone to blame for the delay. In the course of a few weeks you shall have thirty-three new variations on a theme [Valse, Op. 120] dedicated to your wife.
But don't worry, you'll be getting the Symphony soon; honestly, my unfortunate situation is the only reason for the delay. In just a few weeks, you'll receive thirty-three new variations on a theme [Waltz, Op. 120] dedicated to your wife.

Bauer [First Secretary to the Austrian Embassy] has the score of the "Battle of Vittoria," which was dedicated to the then Prince Regent, and for which I have still to receive the costs of copying. I do beg you, my dear friend, to remit me as soon as possible anything you can get for it. With regard to your tender conjugal discussion, you will always find an opponent in me,--that is, not so much an opponent of yours as a partisan of your wife's. I remain, as ever, your friend,
Bauer [First Secretary to the Austrian Embassy] has the score of the "Battle of Vittoria," which was dedicated to the then Prince Regent, and I'm still waiting to get reimbursed for the copying costs. I kindly ask you, my dear friend, to send me whatever you can manage for it as soon as possible. As for your gentle marital debate, you’ll always find me on the opposing side—not so much against you as in support of your wife. I remain, as always, your friend,

BEETHOVEN.
BEETHOVEN.

327.
TO HERR LISSNER,--PETERSBURG.

Vienna, May 7, 1823.
Vienna, May 7, 1823.

SIR,--
Dear Sir,

Herr v. Schuppanzigh assured me, when he was here, that you were anxious to acquire some of my productions for your house. Perhaps the following works might suit your purpose, namely: six bagatelles for pianoforte, 20 gold ducats; thirty-five variations on a favorite theme for pianoforte, forming one entire work, 30 gold ducats; two grand airs with chorus, the poetry by Goethe and Matthisson, which can be sung either with instrumental or pianoforte accompaniment, 12 gold ducats.
Herr v. Schuppanzigh told me when he was here that you were eager to buy some of my works for your collection. Perhaps the following pieces might interest you: six bagatelles for piano, 20 gold ducats; thirty-five variations on a popular theme for piano, which makes up one complete work, 30 gold ducats; two grand airs with chorus, with lyrics by Goethe and Matthisson, which can be performed either with instrumental or piano accompaniment, 12 gold ducats.

I request an answer as soon as possible, for others also wish to have my works.
I request a response as soon as possible because others also want my works.

I am, sir, your obedient
LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN.
I am, sir, your loyal
LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN.

328. ^[1]
TO SCHINDLER.

Hetzendorf, 1823.
Hetzendorf, 1823.

SAMOTHRACIAN VAGABOND!--^[2]
SAMOTHRACIAN VAGABOND!--^[2]

You must hunt out from Schlemmer [the copyist] what is still wanting in the "Kyrie;" show him the postscript, and so, satis, no more of such a wretch! Farewell! arrange everything; I am to bind up my eyes at night, and to spare them as much as possible; otherwise, says Smetana, I shall write little more music in the time to come.
You need to get from Schlemmer [the copyist] what’s still missing in the "Kyrie;" show him the postscript, and that’s it, no more dealing with such a terrible person! Goodbye! Take care of everything; I have to rest my eyes at night and take care of them as much as I can; otherwise, Smetana says I won’t be able to write much more music in the future.

[Footnote 1: "We arrived at Hetzendorf on May 17" is written by Carl in Beethoven's note-book of 1823; and on this note is written, in the "scamp's" hand, Hetzendorf, 1823.]
[Footnote 1: "We got to Hetzendorf on May 17" is written by Carl in Beethoven's notebook from 1823; and on this note is written, in the "scamp's" handwriting, Hetzendorf, 1823.]

[Footnote 2: "By the word 'Samothracian,' Beethoven alludes to the Samothracian Mysteries, partly grounded on music. Their mutual participation in the Beethoven Mysteries is intended to be thus indicated. Among the initiated were also Brunswick, Lichnowsky, and Zmeskall." [From a note of Schindler's on the subject.]]
[Footnote 2: "By the term 'Samothracian,' Beethoven is referring to the Samothracian Mysteries, which are partly based on music. Their shared connection to the Beethoven Mysteries is meant to be highlighted this way. Among those initiated were also Brunswick, Lichnowsky, and Zmeskall." [From a note of Schindler's on the subject.]]

329.
TO SCHINDLER.

Hetzendorf, 1823 (?).
Hetzendorf, 1823 (?).

Pray, forward the packet to-day, and inquire this afternoon, if possible, about the housekeeper in the Glockengasse, No. 318, 3d Étage. She is a widow, understands cookery, and is willing to serve merely for board and lodging, to which, of course, I cannot consent, or only under certain conditions. My present one is too shameful. I cannot invite you here, but be assured of my gratitude.
Please send the package today and, if you can, ask this afternoon about the housekeeper at Glockengasse, No. 318, 3rd Floor. She's a widow, knows how to cook, and is willing to work just for food and a place to stay, which I can’t agree to, or only under specific conditions. My current situation is too embarrassing. I can't invite you here, but know that I really appreciate your help.

330.
TO SCHINDLER.^[1]

Hetzendorf, 1823.
Hetzendorf, 1823.

I enclose the letter to Herr v. Obreskow [Chargé d'Affaires of the Russian Legation]; as soon as I receive the money, I will immediately send you 50 florins for your trouble. Not a word more than what is absolutely necessary!
I’m including the letter to Mr. v. Obreskow [Chargé d'Affaires of the Russian Legation]; as soon as I get the money, I’ll send you 50 florins right away for your trouble. No more words than absolutely needed!

I have advertised your house. You can mention, merely as a casual remark at the right moment, that France also remitted the money to you.
I have advertised your house. You can casually mention at the right moment that France also sent the money to you.

Never forget that such persons represent Majesty itself.
Never forget that these individuals embody Majesty itself.

[Footnote 1: Louis VIII. sent a gold medal for his subscription copy of the Mass on February 20, 1824.]
[Footnote 1: Louis VIII sent a gold medal for his subscription copy of the Mass on February 20, 1824.]

331.
TO SCHINDLER.

I beg you will kindly write out the enclosed invitation neatly for me on the paper I send you, for Carl has too much to do. I wish to dispatch it early on Wednesday. I want to know where Grillparzer lives; perhaps I may pay him a visit myself.^[1] You must have a little patience about the 50 florins; as yet it is impossible for me to send them, for which you are as much to blame as I am.
I kindly ask you to neatly write out the enclosed invitation for me on the paper I’m sending, since Carl has too much on his plate. I want to send it out early on Wednesday. I’d like to know where Grillparzer lives; I might want to pay him a visit myself.^[1] Please be a bit patient about the 50 florins; right now, it’s impossible for me to send them, and we're both responsible for that.

[Footnote 1: It is well known that in the winter of 1822-23 Beethoven was engaged in the composition of an opera for the Royal Theatre; for which purpose Grillparzer had given him his Melusina.]
[Footnote 1: It's widely recognized that during the winter of 1822-23, Beethoven was working on an opera for the Royal Theatre; for this reason, Grillparzer had given him his Melusina.]

332.
TO SCHINDLER.

I send K.'s [Kanne's] book [libretto]. Except the first act, which is rather insipid, it is written in such a masterly style that it does not by any means require a first-rate composer. I will not say that on this very account it would be the more suitable for me; still, if I can get rid of previous engagements, who knows what may or will happen! Please acknowledge the receipt of this.
I’m sending K.’s [Kanne's] book [libretto]. Aside from the first act, which is pretty bland, it’s written so skillfully that it doesn’t really need a top-notch composer. I won’t say that this makes it more suitable for me; still, if I can clear my current commitments, who knows what might happen! Please confirm you received this.

333.
TO SCHINDLER.

I wish to know about Esterhazy, and also about the post. A letter-carrier from the Mauer [a place near Hetzendorf] was here; I only hope the message has been properly delivered. Nothing as yet from Dresden [see No. 330]. I mean to ask you to dine with me a few days hence, for I still suffer from my weak eyes; to-day, however, for the first time, they seem to improve, but I scarcely dare make any use of them as yet.
I want to know about Esterhazy and the letter. A mail carrier from Mauer [a place near Hetzendorf] stopped by; I just hope the message was delivered correctly. I haven't heard anything from Dresden [see No. 330]. I plan to invite you to dinner in a few days because I'm still dealing with my weak eyes; today, though, for the first time, they seem to be getting better, but I'm not quite ready to use them yet.

Your friend,
BEETHOVEN.
Your friend,
BEETHOVEN.

P.S. As for the Tokay,^[1] it is better adapted for summer than for autumn, and also for some fiddler who could respond to its noble fire, and yet stand firm as a rock.
P.S. Regarding the Tokay,^[1] it's more suited for summer than for autumn, and also for some musician who could match its noble intensity, and yet stay steady as a rock.

[Footnote 1: A musical friend had sent the maestro six bottles of genuine Tokay, expressing his wish that it might tend to restore his strength. Schindler, he says, wrote to Beethoven at Hetzendorf, to tell him of this, and received the above answer, and the order through "Frau Schnaps" to do as he pleased with the wine. He sent one bottle of it to Hetzendorf, but Beethoven at that time had inflamed eyes.]
[Footnote 1: A musical friend had sent the maestro six bottles of genuine Tokay, hoping it would help restore his strength. Schindler says he wrote to Beethoven at Hetzendorf to inform him about this and received the above reply, along with the instruction through "Frau Schnaps" to do whatever he wanted with the wine. He sent one bottle to Hetzendorf, but at that time Beethoven had inflamed eyes.]

334.
TO SCHINDLER.

I cannot at present accept these tempting invitations [from Sonntag and Unger]; so far as my weak eyes permit, I am very busy, and when it is fine, I go out. I will myself thank these two fair ladies for their amiability. No tidings from Dresden. I shall wait till the end of this month, and then apply to a lawyer in Dresden. I will write about Schoberlechner to-morrow.
I can't accept these tempting invitations from Sonntag and Unger right now; as much as my weak eyes allow, I'm really busy, and when the weather's nice, I go out. I'll personally thank these two lovely ladies for their kindness. No news from Dresden. I'll wait until the end of this month and then reach out to a lawyer in Dresden. I'll write about Schoberlechner tomorrow.

335.
TO SCHINDLER.

June 18, 1823.
June 18, 1823.

You ought to have perfectly well known that I would have nothing to do with the affair in question. With regard to my being "liberal," I think I have shown you that I am so on principle; indeed, I suspect you must have observed that I even have gone beyond these principles. Sapienti sat.^[1]
You should have known that I wanted nothing to do with this situation. As for my being "liberal," I believe I've demonstrated that I am that way out of principle; in fact, I suspect you've noticed that I've even gone beyond those principles. Sapienti sat.^[1]

[Footnote 1: Franz Schoberlechner, pianist in Vienna, wrote to Beethoven on June 25, 1823, to ask him for letters of introduction to Leipzig, Dresden, Berlin, and Russia, etc. The maestro, however, wrote across the letter, "An active fellow requires no other recommendation than from one respectable family to another," and gave it back to Schindler, who showed it to Schoberlechner, and no doubt at his desire urged Beethoven to comply with his request. Beethoven, however, did not know Schoberlechner, and had no very high opinion of him, as he played chiefly bravura pieces, and, besides, on the bills of his concerts, he pompously paraded all his titles, decorations, and as member of various societies, which gave ample subject for many a sarcastic remark on the part of Beethoven.]
[Footnote 1: Franz Schoberlechner, a pianist in Vienna, wrote to Beethoven on June 25, 1823, asking for letters of introduction to Leipzig, Dresden, Berlin, and Russia, among other places. The maestro, however, wrote across the letter, "An active person needs no other recommendation than from one respectable family to another," and returned it to Schindler, who showed it to Schoberlechner and no doubt encouraged Beethoven to fulfill his request. Beethoven, however, did not know Schoberlechner and didn't think very highly of him, since he mainly played bravura pieces and, in addition, he flaunted all his titles, decorations, and membership in various societies on his concert programs, which provided plenty of material for Beethoven’s sarcastic comments.]

336.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

Vienna, June 1, 1823.
Vienna, June 1, 1823.

I have been always ailing since Y.R.H. left this, and latterly afflicted by severe inflammation of the eyes, which has now in so far subsided that for the last eight days I have been able once more to use my sight, though very sparingly. Y.R.H. will perceive from the enclosed receipt of June 27, the dispatch of some music. As Y.R.H. seemed to take pleasure in the C minor Sonata,^[1] I thought I did not take too much on myself by surprising Y.R.H. with the dedication. The Variations^[2] have been written out for at least five or six weeks past, but the state of my eyes did not permit me to revise them thoroughly myself. My hope of being entirely restored proved vain. At last I made Schlemmer look them over, so, though they may not look very neat, still they are correct. The C minor Sonata was engraved in Paris in a very faulty manner, and being engraved here from that copy, I tried to make it as correct as possible. I intend shortly to send you a beautifully engraved copy of the Variations. With regard to the Mass^[3] that Y.R.H. wished should be more generally known, my continued bad health for some years past, causing me to incur heavy debts, and compelling me to give up my intention of going to England, induced me to ponder on some mode of improving my condition. This Mass seemed well adapted to my purpose. I was advised to offer it to different courts. Painful as this was to me, I felt that I should have cause for self-reproach if I neglected doing so. I therefore applied to various courts to subscribe to the Mass, fixing the price at fifty ducats; the general opinion being that this was not too much, and if there were a good many subscribers, the scheme would not be unprofitable. Hitherto the subscription is indeed flattering to me, as their Majesties of France and Prussia have each taken a copy. I also received a letter from my friend Prince Nicolaus Gallizin a few days ago, from Petersburg, in which this most amiable Prince mentions that H.M. the Emperor of Russia had become a subscriber, and that I should soon hear further on the subject from the Imperial Russian Embassy. Notwithstanding all this (and though there are some other subscribers), I have not yet realized as much as the sum a publisher offered me for it; the only advantage being that the work remains mine. The costs of copying are also great, and further increased by three new pieces being added, which, as soon as they are completed, I will send to Y.R.H. Perhaps you would not think it too much trouble to apply to H.R.H. the Grand Duke of Tuscany to take a copy of this Mass. The application was indeed made some time ago to the Grand Duke of Tuscany through the agent here, V. Odelga, who faithfully assured me that the proposal would be graciously accepted. I place no great faith, however, in this, as some months have elapsed, and no notice has been again taken of the application. As the affair is now set agoing, it is but natural that I should do all I can to attain my desired object. The undertaking was from the first disagreeable to me, and still more so to mention it to Y.R.H., or to allude to it at all, but "necessity has no law." I only feel grateful to Him who dwells above the stars that I now begin once more to be able to use my eyes. I am at present writing a new symphony for England,^[4] bespoken by the Philharmonic Society, and hope it will be quite finished fourteen days hence. I cannot strain my eyes as yet long at a time; I beg therefore Y.R.H.'s indulgence with regard to your Variations,^[5] which appear to me very charming, but still require closer revision on my part. Y.R.H. has only to persevere, especially to accustom yourself to write down your ideas at once at the piano, quickly and briefly. For this purpose a small table ought to be placed close beside the piano. By this means not only is the imagination strengthened; but you learn instantly to hold fast the most fugitive ideas. It is equally necessary to be able to write without any piano; and sometimes a simple choral melody, to be carried out in simple or varied phrases, in counterpoint, or in a free manner, will certainly entail no headache on Y.R.H., but rather, in finding yourself thus right amid the centre of art, cause you very great pleasure. The faculty of representing precisely what we wish and feel comes by degrees; an essential desideratum for a noble-minded man. My eyes warn me to conclude. With every kind and good wish for Y.R.H., I remain, &c., &c.
I have always been unwell since Y.R.H. left, and recently I've been struggling with severe eye inflammation, which has now faded to the point that for the last eight days I’ve been able to use my sight again, although very sparingly. Y.R.H. will see from the enclosed receipt from June 27 that I sent some music. Since Y.R.H. seemed to enjoy the C minor Sonata,^[1] I thought it wouldn’t be too bold of me to surprise Y.R.H. with the dedication. The Variations^[2] were written out at least five or six weeks ago, but my eye condition didn’t allow me to revise them thoroughly myself. My hope of a complete recovery has proven to be in vain. Eventually, I asked Schlemmer to look them over, so while they may not be very neat, they are correct. The C minor Sonata was poorly engraved in Paris, and being re-engraved here from that copy, I tried to make it as accurate as possible. I plan to send you a beautifully engraved copy of the Variations soon. Regarding the Mass^[3] that Y.R.H. wanted to be more widely known, my ongoing poor health for the last few years has led me to accumulate significant debt and abandon my plan to go to England, prompting me to think about ways to improve my situation. This Mass seemed well-suited for that purpose. I was advised to offer it to different courts. As painful as this was for me, I felt I would regret it if I didn’t take action. Thus, I approached various courts to subscribe to the Mass, setting the price at fifty ducats; the general consensus was that this wasn’t too much, and if there were enough subscribers, the venture wouldn’t be unprofitable. So far, the response has been encouraging, as the Majesties of France and Prussia have each taken a copy. A few days ago, I also received a letter from my friend Prince Nicolaus Gallizin in Petersburg, mentioning that H.M. the Emperor of Russia has subscribed, and that I should soon hear more on the matter from the Imperial Russian Embassy. However, despite this (and a few other subscribers), I haven’t yet made as much as what a publisher offered me for it; the only benefit being that the work remains mine. The copying costs are also substantial, further increased by the addition of three new pieces, which I will send to Y.R.H. as soon as they’re completed. Perhaps it wouldn’t be too much trouble for you to ask H.R.H. the Grand Duke of Tuscany to take a copy of this Mass. The request was actually made some time ago to the Grand Duke of Tuscany through the local agent, V. Odelga, who assured me that the proposal would be received positively. However, I don’t have much faith in that, as several months have passed and there’s been no follow-up on the request. Now that this matter is in motion, it’s only natural for me to do everything I can to achieve my goal. From the beginning, this endeavor was uncomfortable for me, and mentioning it to Y.R.H. or referring to it at all is even more so, but "necessity has no law." I’m just grateful to the one who resides above the stars that I can start to use my eyes again. I’m currently writing a new symphony for England,^[4] commissioned by the Philharmonic Society, and I hope to have it finished in fourteen days. I still can’t strain my eyes for long periods, so I ask for Y.R.H.'s patience regarding your Variations,^[5] which I find very charming but still need to revise more carefully. Y.R.H. just needs to keep at it, especially getting used to writing down your ideas quickly and briefly at the piano. For this, a small table should be placed right next to the piano. This way, you'll not only strengthen your imagination, but you’ll also learn to capture fleeting ideas immediately. It’s equally important to be able to write without a piano; sometimes, a simple choral melody, whether developed in simple or varied phrases, in counterpoint, or freely, should not give Y.R.H. a headache but rather, as you find yourself deeply involved in the art, it will bring you great joy. The ability to clearly express what we wish and feel develops gradually, an essential desideratum for someone noble-minded. My eyes urge me to conclude. With all my kind wishes for Y.R.H., I remain, & c., & c.

[K.]
[K.]

POSTSCRIPT.
P.S.

If Y.R.H. should confer the happiness of a letter on me, I beg you will address to me at Vienna, for I shall receive all my letters here safely forwarded by the post from there. If agreeable to Y.R.H., I would beg you to recommend the Mass to Prince Anton in Dresden,^[6] so that the King of Saxony may subscribe to it, which he will, no doubt, do if Y.R.H. shows any interest in the matter. As soon as I know that you have actually done me this favor, I will forthwith apply to the General-Director there^[7] of the Royal Theatre and of Music, whose office it is to arrange these things, and send him a request to procure a subscription from the King of Saxony, which I am reluctant to do without a recommendation from Y.R.H.
If Y.R.H. could send me a letter, please address it to me in Vienna, as I will safely receive all my mail forwarded from there. If it’s agreeable to Y.R.H., I would appreciate it if you could recommend the Mass to Prince Anton in Dresden,^[6] so that the King of Saxony might subscribe to it, which I’m sure he will if Y.R.H. shows any interest. As soon as I know you’ve done me this favor, I will immediately contact the General-Director there^[7] of the Royal Theatre and Music, who is responsible for arranging these matters, and I’ll send him a request to get a subscription from the King of Saxony, which I hesitate to do without a recommendation from Y.R.H.

My opera, "Fidelio," was performed with much applause in Dresden at the festivities there in honor of the visit of the King of Bavaria, when their Majesties were all present. I received this intelligence from the above-named director-general, who asked me for the score through Weber, and afterwards sent me really a very handsome present in return. I hope Y.R.H. will excuse my intruding such a request on you, but Y.R.H. knows that I am not usually importunate. Should, however, the slightest obstacle arise to render my request disagreeable to you, I shall not be the less convinced of your generosity and kindness. Neither avarice, nor the love of speculation, which I have always avoided, prompted this scheme; but necessity compels me to use every effort to rescue my self from my present condition. Candor is best, for it will prevent my being too hardly judged. Owing to constant ill health, which has prevented my writing as usual, I have incurred a debt of 200 to 300 florins C.M.,^[8] which can only be discharged by vigorous exertions on my part. If my subscription succeeds better than it has hitherto done, it will be an effectual help, and if my health improves, of which there is every hope, I shall be able once more to resume my compositions with fresh energy. In the mean time I trust Y.R.H. will not be offended by my candor. Had it not been the fear of being accused of not sufficiently bestirring myself, I would have persevered in my usual silence. As to the recommendation, I am at all events convinced that Y.R.H. is always glad to effect good results for others when possible, and that you are not likely to make any exception in my case.
My opera, "Fidelio," received a lot of applause in Dresden during the celebrations for the King of Bavaria's visit, with their Majesties all in attendance. I got this news from the director-general mentioned above, who requested the score through Weber, and later sent me a really nice gift in return. I hope your Royal Highness can forgive me for making such a request, but you know I’m not usually pushy. However, if any issue comes up that makes my request uncomfortable for you, I will still have no less faith in your generosity and kindness. This isn’t driven by greed or a craving for speculation, which I’ve always avoided, but necessity forces me to do everything I can to escape my current situation. Honesty is best, as it will help prevent harsh judgment. Due to ongoing health problems that have stopped me from writing as I normally do, I’ve accumulated a debt of 200 to 300 florins C.M.,^[8] which can only be paid off with significant effort on my part. If my subscription does better than it has so far, it will be a great help, and if my health improves—of which I have every hope—I will be able to return to my compositions with renewed energy. In the meantime, I trust your Royal Highness won’t be upset by my honesty. If I hadn’t been worried about being blamed for not making enough effort, I would have kept to my usual silence. As for the recommendation, I truly believe that your Royal Highness is always eager to bring about positive outcomes for others when possible, and I can’t see you making an exception in my case.

[Footnote 1: This Sonata, Op. 111, dedicated to the Archduke Rudolph, was composed in 1822, and published by Schlesinger in the beginning of 1823.]
[Footnote 1: This Sonata, Op. 111, dedicated to Archduke Rudolph, was written in 1822 and published by Schlesinger in early 1823.]

[Footnote 2: These Variations are, no doubt, the 33 C major Variations for pianoforte, Op. 120, on a waltz of Diabelli's, dedicated to Madame Brentano, composed in 1823, and published in the June of the same year.]
[Footnote 2: These Variations are definitely the 33 C major Variations for piano, Op. 120, based on a waltz by Diabelli, dedicated to Madame Brentano, composed in 1823, and published in June of that same year.]

[Footnote 3: The Grand Mass in D.]
[Footnote 3: The Grand Mass in D.]

[Footnote 4: The symphony which Beethoven declared he had completed in fourteen days was the 9th in D minor, composed in 1822 or 1823, first performed on the 7th May, and published in 1826.]
[Footnote 4: The symphony that Beethoven claimed he finished in fourteen days was the 9th in D minor, composed in 1822 or 1823, first performed on May 7th, and published in 1826.]

[Footnote 5: The Archduke's Variations alluded to by Beethoven are not published or now known.]
[Footnote 5: The Archduke's Variations mentioned by Beethoven are not published or currently known.]

[Footnote 6: In a letter from the Archduke Rudolph of July 31, 1823, he says, "My brother-in-law, Prince Anton, has written to me that the King of Saxony is expecting your beautiful Mass."]
[Footnote 6: In a letter from Archduke Rudolph dated July 31, 1823, he says, "My brother-in-law, Prince Anton, has written to me that the King of Saxony is looking forward to your beautiful Mass."]

[Footnote 7: The director-general of the musical Court band and opera in Dresden (1823) was Von Könneritz.]
[Footnote 7: The director-general of the musical Court band and opera in Dresden (1823) was Von Könneritz.]

[Footnote 8: This debt of 200 to 300 florins had only been incurred by Beethoven in order not to sell out his shares in the Austrian Loan; he was in no need.]
[Footnote 8: This debt of 200 to 300 florins was taken on by Beethoven only to avoid selling his shares in the Austrian Loan; he didn't need to.]

337.
TO SCHINDLER.

Hetzendorf, July 1, 1823.
Hetzendorf, July 1, 1823.

I am myself writing to Wocher [cabinet courier to Prince Esterhazy? No. 333], and for more speed I send by Carl, who chances to be driving in, the application to Prince E. Be so good as to inquire the result; I doubt its being favorable, not expecting much kindly feeling on his part towards me, judging from former days.^[1] I believe that female influence alone ensures success with him in such matters; at all events, I now know, by your obliging inquiries, how I can safely write to this Scholz. The bad weather, and more especially the bad atmosphere, prevented my paying her [Countess Schafgotsch] a visit about this affair.^[2]
I’m writing to Wocher [cabinet courier to Prince Esterhazy? No. 333], and to speed things up, I’m sending the application to Prince E. with Carl, who happens to be driving in. Please check on the outcome; I doubt it will be positive since I don’t expect much goodwill from him, based on past experiences.^[1] I believe that only female influence can guarantee success with him in these situations; however, thanks to your helpful inquiries, I now know how to write to this Scholz safely. The bad weather, especially the unpleasant atmosphere, kept me from visiting her [Countess Schafgotsch] about this matter.^[2]

Your amicus,
BEETHOVEN.
Your friend,
BEETHOVEN.

P.S. Nothing yet from Dresden! Schlemmer [the copyist] has just been here asking again for money. I have now advanced him 70 Gulden. Speculations are for commercial men, and not for poor devils like myself. Hitherto the sole fruit of this unlucky speculation [a subscription for his Mass] are only more debts. You have, no doubt, seen that the "Gloria" is completed. If my eyes were only strong again, so that I could resume my writing, I should do well enough. [Written on the cover:] Are the Variations [Op. 120] sent off yet to London? N.B.--So far as I can remember, it was not mentioned in the application to Prince Esterhazy that the Mass was to be delivered in manuscript only. What mischief may ensue from this! I suspect that such was the intention of Herr Artaria in proposing to present the Mass gratis to the Prince, as it would give Artaria an opportunity for the third time to steal one of my works. Wocher's attention must be called to this.
P.S. Still nothing from Dresden! Schlemmer [the copyist] just came by asking for more money. I've already given him 70 Gulden. Speculating is for business people, not for poor souls like me. So far, the only result of this unfortunate speculation [a subscription for my Mass] is even more debts. You've probably seen that the "Gloria" is finished. If only my eyesight were better so I could get back to writing, I'd be doing fine. [Written on the cover:] Have the Variations [Op. 120] been sent off to London yet? N.B.--As far as I remember, it wasn't mentioned in the request to Prince Esterhazy that the Mass was to be delivered in manuscript only. Who knows what trouble that might cause! I suspect that was Herr Artaria's plan in offering to give the Mass gratis to the Prince, as it would give Artaria another chance to steal one of my works. Wocher needs to be informed about this.

Of course, there is nothing obligatory on Papageno in the matter.
Of course, Papageno isn't obligated to do anything about it.

[Footnote 1: Beethoven wrote the Mass in C for him in the year 1807, which was by no means satisfactory to the prince when performed at Eisenstadt in the year following, and conducted by Beethoven himself.]
[Footnote 1: Beethoven composed the Mass in C for him in 1807, which was not at all satisfactory to the prince when it was performed in Eisenstadt the following year, conducted by Beethoven himself.]

[Footnote 2: Scholz, music director at Warmbrunn in Silesia, had written a German text for the Mass in C. Beethoven also wished to have from him a German translation from the Latin words adapted to the music of the Grand Mass. Schindler says, that the words "prevented my visiting her" refer to Countess Schafgotsch, whom Beethoven wished to see on account of Scholz, who unhappily died in the ensuing year. His text, however, is given in the Cecilia, 23-54.]
[Footnote 2: Scholz, the music director at Warmbrunn in Silesia, had written a German text for the Mass in C. Beethoven also wanted him to provide a German translation of the Latin words that matched the music of the Grand Mass. Schindler mentions that the phrase "prevented my visiting her" refers to Countess Schafgotsch, whom Beethoven wanted to see because of Scholz, who unfortunately passed away the following year. His text, however, is included in the Cecilia, 23-54.]

338.
TO PILAT, EDITOR OF THE "AUSTRIAN OBSERVER."

SIR,--
SIR,

I shall feel highly honored if you will be so good as to mention in your esteemed journal my nomination as an honorary member of the Royal Swedish Musical Academy. Although neither vain nor ambitious, still I consider it advisable not wholly to pass over such an occurrence, as in practical life we must live and work for others, who may often eventually benefit by it. Forgive my intrusion, and let me know if I can in any way serve you in return, which it would give me much pleasure to do.
I would be very honored if you could mention my nomination as an honorary member of the Royal Swedish Musical Academy in your respected journal. While I’m neither vain nor overly ambitious, I think it’s worth acknowledging such an event, since in practical life we should live and work for others, who may ultimately benefit from it. I apologize for the interruption, and please let me know if there’s any way I can assist you in return, as I would be more than happy to do so.

I am, sir, with high consideration,
Your obedient
BEETHOVEN.
I am, sir, with great respect,
Your loyal
BEETHOVEN.

339.
TO SCHINDLER.

Hetzendorf, July, 1823.
Hetzendorf, July 1823.

MOST WORTHY RAGAMUFFIN OF EPIRUS AND BRUNDUSIUM!--
MOST WORTHY RAGAMUFFIN OF EPIRUS AND BRUNDUSIUM!--

Give this letter to the editor of the "Observer," but write the address on it first; ask him at the same time whether his daughter makes great progress on the piano, and if I can be of any use to her by sending her a copy of one of my compositions. I wrote that I was an "honorary member;" I don't know, however, whether this is correct; perhaps I ought to have said, "a corresponding member;" neither knowing nor caring much about such things. You had also better say something on the subject to Bernardum non sanctum (editor of the "Vienna Zeitschrift"). Make inquiries, too, from Bernard about that knave Ruprecht; tell him of this queer business, and find out from him how he can punish the villain. Ask both these philosophical newspaper scribes whether this may be considered an honorable or dishonorable nomination.
Give this letter to the editor of the "Observer," but make sure to write the address on it first. Also, ask him if his daughter is making good progress on the piano, and if I can help her by sending her a copy of one of my compositions. I wrote that I was an "honorary member;" but I’m not sure if that’s right; maybe I should have said "a corresponding member;" I don’t really know or care much about such things. You should also mention something to Bernardum non sanctum (editor of the "Vienna Zeitschrift"). Check in with Bernard about that sneaky guy Ruprecht; tell him about this strange situation, and find out how he can deal with the jerk. Ask both of these philosophical newspaper writers if this can be considered an honorable or dishonorable nomination.

340.
TO SCHINDLER.

Master flash in the pan, and wide of the mark! full of reasons, yet devoid of reason!--Everything was ready yesterday for Gläser (the copyist). As for you, I shall expect you in Hetzendorf to dinner at half-past two o'clock. If you come later, dinner shall be kept for you.
Master flash in the pan, and off target! Full of excuses, yet lacking sense!—Everything was set yesterday for Gläser (the copyist). As for you, I’ll expect you at Hetzendorf for dinner at 2:30 PM. If you arrive later, dinner will be saved for you.

341.
TO SCHINDLER.

Hetzendorf, July 2, 1823.
Hetzendorf, July 2, 1823.

WORTHY HERR V. SCHINDLER,--
WORTHY MR. SCHINDLER,--

The incessant insolence of my landlord from the hour I entered his house up to the present moment compels me to apply for aid to the police; so I beg you will do so for me at once. As to the double winter windows, the housekeeper was desired to see about them, and especially to state if they were not necessary after such a violent storm, in case of the rain having penetrated into the room; but her report was that the rain had not come in, and, moreover, that it could not possibly do so. In accordance with her statement, I locked the door to prevent this rude man entering my room during my absence (which he had threatened). Say also further what his conduct to you was, and that he put up a placard of the lodgings being to let, without giving me notice, which, besides, he has no right to do till St. James's Day. He is equally unfair in refusing to give up the receipt from St. George's Day till St. James's, as the enclosure shows; I am charged, too, for lighting, of which I know nothing. This detestable lodging,^[1] without any open stove, and the principal flue truly abominable, has cost me (for extra outlay, exclusive of the rent) 259 florins, in order merely to keep me alive while I was there during the winter. It was a deliberate fraud, as I never was allowed to see the rooms on the first floor, but only those on the second, that I might not become aware of their many disagreeable drawbacks. I cannot understand how a flue so destructive to health can be tolerated by the Government. You remember the appearance of the walls of your room owing to smoke, and the large sum it cost even to lessen in any degree this discomfort, although to do away with it wholly was impossible. My chief anxiety at present is that he may be ordered to take down his placard, and to give me a receipt for the house-rent I have paid; but nothing will induce me to pay for the abominable lighting, without which it cost me enough actually to preserve my life in such a lodging. My eyes do not yet suffer me to encounter the town atmosphere, or I would myself apply in person to the police.
The nonstop rudeness of my landlord, from the moment I stepped into his house until now, forces me to ask for help from the police; so please do that for me right away. As for the double winter windows, the housekeeper was asked to look into them, particularly to say if they were necessary after such a severe storm, in case the rain had gotten into the room; but she reported that the rain hadn't come in and, furthermore, that it couldn't possibly do so. Based on her statement, I locked the door to keep that rude man from entering my room while I was out (which he threatened to do). Also mention what he did to you, and that he put up a sign saying the lodgings were available for rent without notifying me, which he has no right to do until St. James's Day. He's equally unfair in refusing to give me the receipt from St. George's Day until St. James's, as shown in the enclosure; I'm also being charged for lighting, which I know nothing about. This horrible place,^[1] with no open stove and the main flue truly awful, has cost me (for extra expenses, not including the rent) 259 florins, just to keep me alive while I was there during winter. It was a deliberate scam, as I was never allowed to see the first-floor rooms, only those on the second, so I wouldn't find out about their many unpleasant issues. I can't understand how a flue so harmful to health can be accepted by the Government. You remember how the walls of your room looked because of smoke, and the large amount it cost just to lessen this discomfort, although getting rid of it entirely was impossible. My main worry right now is that he might be told to take down his sign and give me a receipt for the rent I've paid; but nothing will convince me to pay for the awful lighting, which I only needed to survive in such a terrible place. My eyes still can’t handle the town's atmosphere, or I would go to the police in person.

Your attached
BEETHOVEN.
Your attachment
BEETHOVEN.

[Footnote 1: The Pfarrgasse, in the Laimgrube, where Schindler lived with him.]
[Footnote 1: The Pfarrgasse, in Laimgrube, where Schindler lived with him.]

342.
TO SCHINDLER.

I must have an attested copy of all the writings; I send you 45 kreutzers. How could you possibly accept such a proposal from our churlish landlord when accompanied by a threat? Where was your good sense? Where it always is.
I need a verified copy of all the writings; I'm sending you 45 kreutzers. How could you even consider such a proposal from our rude landlord when it comes with a threat? Where was your common sense? Where it always is.

To-morrow early I shall send for the Variations, copy and originals. It is not certain whether the Pr. comes or not; so be so good as to stay at home till eight o'clock. You can come to dinner either to-day or to-morrow; but you must settle which you mean to do, as it is not easy for me to provide provisions. Not later than half-past two o'clock. The housekeeper will tell you about a lodging in the Landstrasse. It is high time, truly! As soon as you hear of anything to be had on the Bastei or the Landstrasse, you must at once give me notice. We must find out what room the landlord uses on account of the well.--Vale!
Tomorrow morning, I’ll send for the Variations, both the copy and the originals. It’s not certain whether the Pr. is coming or not, so please stay at home until eight o'clock. You can come to dinner today or tomorrow, but you need to decide which one, as it’s not easy for me to organize food. No later than half-past two o'clock. The housekeeper will fill you in about a place to stay on the Landstrasse. It’s about time, really! As soon as you hear of any openings on the Bastei or the Landstrasse, let me know right away. We need to find out which room the landlord uses because of the well.--Take care!

343.
TO SCHINDLER.^[1]

Hetzendorf, 1823.
Hetzendorf, 1823.

SAMOTHRACIAN VAGABOND!--
Samothracian Traveler!--

You were dispatched yesterday to the South Pole, whereas we went off to the North Pole, a slight difference now equalized by Captain Parry. There were, however, no mashed potatoes there.
You were sent off yesterday to the South Pole, while we headed to the North Pole, a small difference now balanced out by Captain Parry. However, there were no mashed potatoes there.

Bach [his lawyer], to whom I beg my best regards, is requested to say what the lodging in Baden is to cost; we must also try to arrange that Carl should come to me once every fortnight there (but cheaply; good heavens! poverty and economy!). I intrust this matter to you, as you have your friends and admirers among the drivers and liverymen. If you get this in time, you had better go to Bach to-day, so that I may receive his answer to-morrow forenoon. It is almost too late now.
Bach [his lawyer], whom I send my best regards to, is asked to let me know how much the lodging in Baden will cost; we also need to find a way for Carl to come visit me there every two weeks (but affordably; good grief! poverty and savings!). I'm leaving this in your hands since you have connections with the drivers and liverymen. If you get this in time, it would be best to go see Bach today, so I can get his response by tomorrow morning. It's almost too late now.

You might also take that rascal of a copyist by surprise; I don't expect much good from him. He has now had the Variations for eight days.
You might also catch that sneaky copyist off guard; I don't expect much from him. He’s had the Variations for eight days now.

Your ["friend" stroked out] amicus,
BEETHOVEN.
Your friend, BEETHOVEN.

[Footnote 1: He no doubt alludes to Captain Parry, the celebrated traveller, who wrote an article in the A.M. Zeitung on the music of the Esquimaux.]
[Footnote 1: He's definitely referring to Captain Parry, the famous explorer, who wrote an article in the A.M. Zeitung about the music of the Eskimos.]

344.
TO SCHINDLER.^[1]

June, 1823.
June 1823.

SAMOTHRACIAN!--
SAMOTHRACIAN!

Don't trouble yourself to come here till you receive a Hati Scherif. I must say you do not deserve the golden cord. My fast-sailing frigate, the worthy and well-born Frau Schnaps, will call every three or four days to inquire after your health.
Don't worry about coming here until you get a Hati Scherif. Honestly, you don't deserve the golden cord. My speedy ship, the esteemed and noble Frau Schnaps, will stop by every three or four days to check on your health.

Farewell! Bring no one whatever with you: farewell!
Farewell! Bring no one at all with you: farewell!

[Footnote 1: Schindler says in his Biography: "These Variations [Op. 120] were completed in June, 1823, and delivered to the publisher, Diabelli, without the usual amount of time bestowed on giving them the finishing touches; and now he set to work at once at the ninth Symphony, some jottings of which were already written down. Forthwith all the gay humor that had made him more sociable, and in every respect more accessible, at once disappeared. All visits were declined," &c.]
[Footnote 1: Schindler says in his Biography: "These Variations [Op. 120] were completed in June, 1823, and sent to the publisher, Diabelli, without the usual time spent on perfecting them; and then he immediately began work on the ninth Symphony, some notes of which were already written down. Instantly, all the cheerful humor that had made him more sociable, and in every way more approachable, vanished. He turned down all visits," &c.]

345.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

Hetzendorf, July 15, 1823.
Hetzendorf, July 15, 1823.

I trust that you are in the best possible health. As for my eyes, they are improving, though slowly, and in six or seven days at most I hope to have the good fortune to wait on Y.R.H. If I were not obliged to use spectacles, I should get better sooner. It is a most distressing occurrence, and has thrown me back in everything. What soothes my feelings, however, is Y.R.H. being fully aware that I am always to be of service to you. I have another favor to ask of Y.R.H., which I hope you will graciously accede. Will Y.R.H. be so kind as to grant me a testimonial to the following effect: "That I wrote the Grand Mass expressly for Y.R.H.; that it has been for some time in your possession; and that you have been pleased to permit me to circulate it." This ought to have been the case, and being no untruth, I hope I may claim this favor. Such a testimonial will be of great service to me; for how could I have believed that my slight talents would have exposed me to so much envy, persecution, and calumny. It has always been my intention to ask Y.R.H.'s permission to circulate the Mass, but the pressure of circumstances, and above all my inexperience in worldly matters, as well as my feeble health, has caused this confusion.
I hope you're doing great. As for my eyes, they're getting better, but slowly, and in six or seven days at most, I hope to be lucky enough to wait on you. If I didn't have to wear glasses, I’d be improving faster. It's really frustrating, and it has set me back in everything. What comforts me, though, is knowing that you're aware I'm always here to help you. I have another favor to ask, which I hope you will kindly agree to. Would you be so kind as to provide me with a statement to the following effect: "That I wrote the Grand Mass specifically for you; that it has been in your possession for some time; and that you have kindly allowed me to share it." This should have been the case, and since it’s true, I hope I can ask for this favor. Such a statement would be really helpful for me; after all, how could I have thought that my modest talents would lead to so much envy, persecution, and slander? I've always planned to ask for your permission to share the Mass, but the pressure of the situation, along with my lack of experience in worldly matters and my poor health, has caused this confusion.

If the Mass is engraved hereafter, I hope to dedicate it to Y.R.H. when published,^[1] and not till then will the limited list of royal subscribers appear. I shall ever consider Y.R.H. as my most illustrious patron, and make this known to the world whenever it is in my power. In conclusion, I entreat you again not to refuse my request about the testimonial. It will only cost Y.R.H. a few lines, and ensure the best results for me.
If the Mass is published in the future, I hope to dedicate it to Your Royal Highness, and only then will the limited list of royal subscribers be revealed. I will always regard Your Royal Highness as my most distinguished supporter and will let the world know this whenever I can. In closing, I kindly ask you once more not to decline my request regarding the testimonial. It will only take a few lines of Your Royal Highness's time and will greatly benefit me.

I will bring the Variations^[2] of Y.R.H. with me. They require little alteration, and cannot fail to become a very pretty pleasing work for all lovers of music. I must indeed appear a most importunate suitor. I beg you will kindly send me the testimonial as soon as possible, for I require it.
I will bring the Variations^[2] of Y.R.H. with me. They need only a few changes and are sure to be a delightful piece for all music lovers. I know I must seem like a really persistent requester. Please send me the testimonial as soon as you can, as I need it.

[K.]
[K.]

[Footnote 1: The Grand Mass (Op. 123) was published in 1827.]
[Footnote 1: The Grand Mass (Op. 123) was released in 1827.]

[Footnote 2: The Variations composed by the Archduke Rudolph, mentioned in the letters 345 and 351, are not the same as the published ones, and are unknown.]
[Footnote 2: The Variations created by Archduke Rudolph, referred to in letters 345 and 351, are different from the published ones and are not known.]

346.
TO F. RIES.

Hetzendorf, July 16, 1823.
Hetzendorf, July 16, 1823.

MY DEAR RIES,--
Dear Ries,--

I received your letter with much pleasure the day before yesterday. The Variations have, no doubt, arrived by this time. I could not write the dedication to your wife, not knowing her name; so I beg you will write it yourself on the part of your wife's friend and your own; let it be a surprise to her, for the fair sex like that.--Entre nous, surprise is always the greatest charm of the beautiful! As for the Allegri di Bravura, I must make allowance for yours. To tell you the truth, I am no great friend to that kind of thing, as it is apt to entail too much mere mechanism; at least, such is the case with those I know. I have not yet looked at yours, but I shall ask ---- about them. I recommend you to be cautious in your intercourse with him. Could I not be of use to you in many ways here? These printers, or rather misprinters, as they ought to be called to deserve their names, pirate your works, and give you nothing in return; this, surely, might be differently managed. I mean to send you some choruses shortly, even if obliged to compose some new ones, for this is my favorite style.
I got your letter with great joy the day before yesterday. The Variations have probably arrived by now. I couldn’t write the dedication to your wife because I didn’t know her name; so please write it yourself on behalf of your wife’s friend and yours. Let it be a surprise for her; women love that. --Entre nous, surprise is always the biggest charm of beauty! As for the Allegri di Bravura, I must take yours into consideration. To be honest, I'm not a big fan of that kind of thing, since it often involves too much mechanical stuff; at least, that’s been my experience. I haven’t looked at yours yet, but I’ll ask ---- about them. I recommend you be careful in your dealings with him. Couldn’t I help you out in many ways here? These printers, or rather misprinters, as they rightly deserve to be called, steal your works and give you nothing in return; surely, this could be managed better. I plan to send you some choruses soon, even if I have to create some new ones, as this is my favorite style.

Thanks for the proceeds of the bagatelles, with which I am quite satisfied. Give nothing to the King of England. Pray accept anything you can get for the Variations. I shall be perfectly contented. I only must stipulate to take no other reward for the dedication to your wife than the kiss which I am to receive in London.
Thanks for the proceeds from the bagatelles, which I'm really happy with. Don't give anything to the King of England. Please accept any amount you can get for the Variations. That will make me completely satisfied. I only ask that I don’t receive any other reward for dedicating it to your wife than the kiss I'm supposed to get in London.

You name guineas, whereas I only get pounds sterling, and I hear there is a difference between these. Do not be angry with un pauvre musicien autrichien, who is still at a very low ebb. I am now writing a new violin quartet. Might not this be offered to the musical or unmusical London Jews?--en vrai Juif.
You call them guineas, while I only receive pounds sterling, and I understand there's a difference between the two. Please don't be upset with un pauvre musicien autrichien, who is still struggling. I'm currently composing a new violin quartet. Could this possibly be presented to the musical or unmusical Jewish community in London? --en vrai Juif.

I am, with cordial regard,
Your old friend,
BEETHOVEN.
I am, with warm regards,
Your longtime friend,
BEETHOVEN.

347.
TO HERR GEHEIMRATH VON KÖNNERITZ,--DRESDEN,^[1] DIRECTOR OF THE ROYAL ORCHESTRA AND THEATRE IN SAXONY.

Hetzendorf, July 17, 1823.
Hetzendorf, July 17, 1823.

SIR,--
Dear Sir,

I have too long deferred sending you a signed receipt and thanks, but I feel sure you will pardon the delay from my great pressure of business, owing to my health having improved, and God knows how long this may continue. The description given by my dear friend Maria Weber^[2] of your generous and noble disposition encourages me to apply to you on another subject, namely, about a Grand Mass which I am now issuing in manuscript. Though I have met with a previous refusal on this matter [337], still, as my esteemed Cardinal, H.R. Highness the Archduke Rudolph, has written to H.R.H. Prince Anton, requesting him to recommend the Mass to his Majesty the King of Saxony, I think this fresh application might at all events be made, as I should consider it a great honor to number among my distinguished subscribers (such as the King of Prussia, the Emperor of Russia, the King of France, &c.) so great a connoisseur in music as the King of Saxony.
I have delayed for too long in sending you a signed receipt and my thanks, but I hope you can forgive the hold-up given my heavy workload, which is due to my health improving, and who knows how long that will last. The description provided by my dear friend Maria Weber^[2] of your generous and noble nature inspires me to reach out to you about another topic, specifically regarding a Grand Mass that I am currently preparing in manuscript. Although I received a previous refusal on this matter [337], my esteemed Cardinal, H.R. Highness the Archduke Rudolph, has contacted H.R.H. Prince Anton, asking him to recommend the Mass to His Majesty the King of Saxony. Therefore, I think it’s worth making this request again, as it would be a significant honor to have among my distinguished subscribers (including the King of Prussia, the Emperor of Russia, the King of France, etc.) such a great music connoisseur as the King of Saxony.

I leave it to you, sir, to decide from this statement how and when you can best effect my purpose. I am unable to send you to-day the application for a subscription to my Mass to H.M. the King of Saxony, but I will do so by the next post. In any event I feel assured that you will not think I am one of those who compose for the sake of paltry gain; but how often do events occur which constrain a man to act contrary to his inclinations and his principles? My Cardinal is a benevolent Prince, but means are wanting! I hope to receive your forgiveness for my apparent importunity. If my poor abilities can in any way be employed in your service, what extreme pleasure it would give me.
I leave it to you, sir, to determine from this statement how and when you can best achieve my goal. I'm unable to send you today the application for a subscription to my Mass for H.M. the King of Saxony, but I will do so by the next post. In any case, I trust you won't think I'm someone who composes purely for financial gain; but how often do situations arise that force a person to act against their inclinations and principles? My Cardinal is a kind-hearted Prince, but resources are lacking! I hope you'll forgive my seeming insistence. If my limited skills can be of any use in your service, it would bring me great joy.

I am, sir, with esteem,
Your expectant
BEETHOVEN.
I am, sir, with respect,
Your hopeful
BEETHOVEN.

[Footnote 1: The director-general of the Dresden theatre at that time was Von Könneritz, who sent Beethoven forty ducats (requesting a receipt) for his opera of Fidelio, performed with great applause April 29, 1823, and conducted by C.M. von Weber. Madame Schröder-Devrient made her début in the character of Leonore.]
[Footnote 1: The director-general of the Dresden theatre at that time was Von Könneritz, who sent Beethoven forty ducats (requesting a receipt) for his opera of Fidelio, performed with great applause on April 29, 1823, and conducted by C.M. von Weber. Madame Schröder-Devrient made her début in the role of Leonore.]

[Footnote 2: In Weber's Biography it is stated (Vol. II. p. 465) that Beethoven and Weber exchanged several letters about the performance of Fidelio, and in fact Weber did receive letters from Beethoven on February 16, April 10, and June 9. Unhappily, no part of this correspondence has yet been discovered, except a fragment of the sketch of a letter written by Weber of January 28, 1823, which sufficiently proves that Beethoven was right in calling him his friend. It is as follows:--"This mighty work, teeming with German grandeur and depth of feeling, having been given under my direction at Prague, had enabled me to acquire the most enthusiastic and instructive knowledge of its inner essence, by means of which I hope to produce it before the public here with full effect, provided as I am with all possible accessories for the purpose. Each performance will be a festival to me, permitting me to pay that homage to your mighty spirit which dwells in the inmost recesses of my heart, where love and admiration strive for the mastery." On October 5 of this year, Weber visited Beethoven in Baden, with Haslinger and Benedict.]
[Footnote 2: In Weber's Biography it is mentioned (Vol. II. p. 465) that Beethoven and Weber exchanged several letters about the performance of Fidelio, and indeed Weber received letters from Beethoven on February 16, April 10, and June 9. Unfortunately, no part of this correspondence has yet been found, except for a fragment of a letter draft written by Weber on January 28, 1823, which clearly shows that Beethoven was right to call him his friend. It reads as follows:--"This powerful work, filled with German grandeur and deep emotion, having been performed under my direction in Prague, allowed me to gain the most enthusiastic and insightful understanding of its inner essence, through which I hope to present it to the audience here with full effect, provided that I have all the necessary resources for the purpose. Each performance will be a celebration for me, allowing me to pay homage to your great spirit that resides in the deepest part of my heart, where love and admiration compete for dominance." On October 5 of this year, Weber visited Beethoven in Baden, along with Haslinger and Benedict.]

348.
TO HERR V. KÖNNERITZ,--DRESDEN.

Vienna, July 25, 1823.
Vienna, July 25, 1823.

SIR,--
Dear Sir,

Forgive my importunity in sending to your care the enclosed letter from me to his R.H. Prince Anton of Saxony; it contains an application to his Majesty the King of Saxony to subscribe to a mass of mine. I recently mentioned to you that the Cardinal Archduke Rudolph had written to his M. the King of Saxony about this Mass; I entreat you to use all your influence in this matter, and I leave it entirely to your own judgment and knowledge of local matters to act as you think best. Although I do not doubt that the recommendation of my Cardinal will have considerable weight, still the decision of his Majesty cannot fail to be much influenced by the advice of the Administrator of objects connected with the fine arts. Hitherto, in spite of apparent brilliant success, I have scarcely realized as much as a publisher would have given me for the work, the expenses of copying being so very great. It was the idea of my friends to circulate this Mass, for, thank God! I am a mere novice in all speculations. In the mean time, there is not a single employé of our Government who has not been, like myself, a loser. Had it not been for my continued bad health for many years past, a foreign country would at least have enabled me to live free from all cares except those for art. Judge me kindly, and not harshly; I live only for my art, and my sole wish is to fulfil my duties as a man; but this, alas! cannot always be accomplished without the influence of the subterranean powers. While commending my cause to you, I also venture to hope that your love of art, and above all your philanthropy, will induce you to be so good as to write me a few lines, informing me of the result as soon as you are acquainted with it.
Forgive me for bothering you by sending the enclosed letter to R.H. Prince Anton of Saxony; it includes a request for his Majesty the King of Saxony to sponsor a mass of mine. I recently mentioned that Cardinal Archduke Rudolph had written to his Majesty about this Mass; I sincerely ask you to use all your influence in this matter and trust your judgment and knowledge of local issues to act as you see fit. Although I have no doubt that my Cardinal's recommendation will carry significant weight, the King’s decision will likely be greatly influenced by the advice of the Administrator of fine arts. So far, despite what seems to be considerable success, I have barely earned what a publisher would have offered for the work, as the costs of copying are very high. My friends suggested that this Mass be circulated, since, thankfully, I’m just a novice in all matters of speculation. In the meantime, not a single employee of our Government has avoided losses, like myself. If it weren't for my ongoing poor health over the past several years, being in a foreign country might have allowed me to live free from worries other than those related to art. Please judge me kindly and not harshly; I live solely for my art, and my only wish is to fulfill my responsibilities as a man; but unfortunately, this cannot always be achieved without the influence of the underground powers. While I commend my cause to you, I also hope that your love of art, and especially your kindness, will prompt you to write me a few lines as soon as you know the outcome.

I am, sir, with high consideration,
I am, sir, with great respect,

Your obedient
BEETHOVEN.
Your devoted
BEETHOVEN.

349.
TO SCHINDLER.

August, 1823.
August 1823.

YOU SAMOTHRACIAN VILLAIN!--
You Samothracian villain!

Make haste and come, for the weather is just right. Better early than late--presto, prestissimo! We are to drive from here.^[1]
Hurry and come, because the weather is perfect. Better to be early than late--presto, prestissimo! We’re going to drive from here.^[1]

[Footnote 1: Beethoven had apartments in a summer residence of Baron Pronay's on his beautiful property at Hetzendorf. Suddenly, however, the maestro, deeply immersed in the Ninth Symphony, was no longer satisfied with this abode, because "the Baron would persist in making him profound bows every time that he met him." So, with the help of Schindler and Frau Schnaps, he removed to Baden in August, 1823.]
[Footnote 1: Beethoven had apartments in a summer residence of Baron Pronay's on his beautiful property at Hetzendorf. Suddenly, however, the maestro, deeply immersed in the Ninth Symphony, was no longer satisfied with this place because "the Baron would keep bowing deeply every time he saw him." So, with the help of Schindler and Frau Schnaps, he moved to Baden in August 1823.]

350.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

Baden, August 16, 1823.
Baden, August 16, 1823.

MY DEAR BOY,--
MY DEAR SON,--

I did not wish to say anything to you till I found my health improving here, which, however, is scarcely even yet the case. I came here with a cold and catarrh, which were very trying to me, my constitution being naturally rheumatic, which will, I fear, soon cut the thread of my life, or, still worse, gradually wear it away. The miserable state of my digestive organs, too, can only be restored by medicines and diet, and for this I have to thank my faithful servants! You will learn how constantly I am in the open air when I tell you that to-day for the first time I properly (or improperly, though it was involuntary) resumed my suit to my Muse. I must work, but do not wish it to be known. Nothing can be more tempting (to me at least) than the enjoyment of beautiful Nature at these baths, but nous sommes trop pauvres, et il faut écrire ou de n'avoir pas de quoi. Get on, and make every preparation for your examination, and be unassuming, so that you may prove yourself higher and better than people expect. Send your linen here at once; your gray trousers must still be wearable, at all events at home; for, my dear son, you are indeed very dear to me! My address is, "At the coppersmith's," &c. Write instantly to say that you have got this letter. I will send a few lines to that contemptible creature, Schindler, though I am most unwilling to have anything to do with such a wretch. If we could write as quickly as we think and feel, I could say a great deal not a little remarkable; but for to-day I can only add that I wish a certain Carl may prove worthy of all my love and unwearied care, and learn fully to appreciate it.
I didn't want to say anything to you until I saw my health improving here, which isn't really the case yet. I arrived with a cold and stuffy nose, which have been really tough for me, with my naturally rheumatic constitution, which I fear will soon cut short my life, or even worse, gradually wear it away. The terrible state of my digestive system can only be fixed with medicine and diet, and for this, I owe thanks to my faithful servants! You’ll understand how much time I spend outside when I tell you that today, for the first time, I properly (or maybe improperly, though it wasn’t on purpose) got back to working with my Muse. I must work, but I don’t want anyone to know. Nothing could be more tempting (at least for me) than enjoying the beautiful nature at these baths, but nous sommes trop pauvres, et il faut écrire ou de n'avoir pas de quoi. Keep going, prepare well for your exam, and stay humble so you can show everyone you're even better and smarter than they expect. Send your laundry here right away; your gray trousers should still be good enough to wear at home; because, my dear son, you are indeed very dear to me! My address is, "At the coppersmith's," etc. Write back immediately to confirm you've received this letter. I’ll send a few lines to that contemptible person, Schindler, although I’m really reluctant to deal with such a wretch. If we could write as fast as we think and feel, I could say a lot of remarkable things; but for today, I can only add that I hope a certain Carl proves worthy of all my love and constant care, and learns to fully appreciate it.

Though not certainly exacting, as you know, still there are many ways in which we can show those who are better and nobler than ourselves that we acknowledge their superiority.
Though it's not strictly necessary, as you know, there are many ways we can show those who are better and nobler than we are that we recognize their superiority.

I embrace you from my heart.
I'm all in for you.

Your faithful and true
FATHER.
Your loyal and honest
DAD.

351.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

August, 1823.
August 1823.

I am really very ill, and not suffering from my eyes alone. I intend to drag myself to-morrow to Baden, to look out for a lodging, and to go there altogether in the course of a few days. The air in town has a very bad effect on my whole organization, and has really injured my health, having gone twice to town to consult my physicians. It will be easier for me to repair to Y.R.H. in Baden. I am quite inconsolable, both on account of Y.R.H. and myself, that my usefulness is thus limited. I have marked some things in the Variations, but I can explain these better verbally.
I am really very ill, and it’s not just my eyes that are the problem. I plan to drag myself to Baden tomorrow to look for a place to stay, and then I’ll move there completely in a few days. The air in the city is really bad for my health and has harmed me, as I’ve been to town twice to see my doctors. It will be easier for me to go to Y.R.H. in Baden. I feel completely heartbroken, both for Y.R.H. and for myself, that my ability to be useful is so limited. I’ve noted some things in the Variations, but I can explain them better in person.

[K.]
[K.]

352.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

Baden, August 22, 1823.
Baden, August 22, 1823.

Your gracious letter led me to believe that Y.R.H. intended to return to Baden, where I arrived on the 13th, very ill; but I am now better. I had recently another inflammatory cold, having just recovered from one. My digestion, too, was miserable, and my eyes very bad; in short, my whole system seemed impaired. I was obliged to make the effort to come here, without even being able to see Y.R.H. Thank God, my eyes are so much better that I can again venture to make tolerable use of them by daylight. My other maladies, too, are improving, and I cannot expect more in so short a period. How I wish that Y.R.H. were only here, when in a few days we could entirely make up for lost time. Perhaps I may still be so fortunate as to see Y.R.H. here, and be able to show my zeal to serve Y.R.H. How deeply does this cause me to lament my unhappy state of health. Much as I wish for its entire restoration, still I greatly fear that this will never be the case, and on this account I hope for Y.R.H.'s indulgence. As I can now at length prove how gladly I place myself at Y.R.H.'s disposal, my most anxious desire is that you would be pleased to make use of me.
Your kind letter made me think that Y.R.H. planned to come back to Baden, where I arrived on the 13th, feeling really unwell; but I'm better now. I recently caught another bad cold, having just recovered from one. My digestion was terrible, and my eyes were in bad shape; overall, I felt really off. I had to push myself to come here, and I couldn’t even see Y.R.H. Thank God my eyes are much better now, so I can use them a bit during the day. My other health issues are also getting better, and I can't expect more in such a short time. I really wish that Y.R.H. were here, because in a few days, we could totally catch up. Maybe I'll still be lucky enough to see Y.R.H. here and show my eagerness to serve you. It makes me really sad to think about my poor health. As much as I want to be fully better, I worry that might never happen, so I hope for Y.R.H.'s understanding. Now that I can finally show how much I want to help, my biggest wish is that you would consider using me.

[K.]
[K.]

353.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

1823.
1823.

I have just been enjoying a short walk and composing a Canon, "Grossen Dank, ÷ ÷ ÷," when, on returning home, with the intention of writing it out for Y.R.H., I find a petitioner who is under the delusion that his request will be better received if made through me. What can I do? A good action cannot be too soon performed, and even a whim must be sometimes humored. The bearer of this is Kapellmeister Drechsler, of the Josephstadt and Baden Theatre; he wishes to obtain the situation of second Court organist. He has a good knowledge of thorough bass, and is also a good organist, besides being favorably known as a composer,--all qualities that recommend him for this situation. He rightly thinks that the best recommendation to secure him the appointment is that of Y.R.H., who, being yourself so great a connoisseur and performer, know better than any one how to appreciate true merit; and assuredly H.I. Majesty would prefer such testimony to every other. I therefore add my entreaties, though with some hesitation, to those of Herr D., relying on the indulgence and kindness of Y.R.H., and in the hope that the illustrious patron and protector of all that is good will do what lies in his power to be of use on this occasion.
I just took a short walk and was working on a canon called "Grossen Dank, ÷ ÷ ÷." When I got home, intending to write it out for Y.R.H., I found a petitioner who seems to think his request will be better received through me. What can I do? A good deed should be done quickly, and sometimes you have to indulge a whim. The person delivering this message is Kapellmeister Drechsler from the Josephstadt and Baden Theatre. He wants to get the position of second Court organist. He has a strong understanding of thorough bass, is a skilled organist, and is well-known as a composer—all qualities that make him a good fit for the role. He rightly believes that the best recommendation for the appointment would come from Y.R.H., who, being such an expert and performer, knows better than anyone how to recognize true talent; and I’m sure H.I. Majesty would prefer such an endorsement over any other. So, I’m adding my requests, albeit with some hesitation, to those of Herr D., hoping for the kindness and support of Y.R.H., and trusting that the esteemed patron and protector of all good things will do what he can to help in this matter.

My Canon shall be sent to-morrow,^[1] together with the confession of my sins, intentional and unintentional, for which I beg your gracious absolution. My eyes, alas! prevent me from saying to-day as I could wish my hopes and desires that all good may attend you.
My Canon will be sent tomorrow,^[1] along with the confession of my sins, both intentional and unintentional, for which I ask for your kind forgiveness. Unfortunately, my eyes prevent me from expressing today, as I would like, my hopes and wishes for all good things to come your way.

P.S. I ought also to mention that Herr Drechsler is the unsalaried professor of thorough bass at St. Anna's, and has been so for the last ten years.
P.S. I should also mention that Mr. Drechsler is the unpaid professor of thorough bass at St. Anna's, and he has held that position for the last ten years.

[K.]
[K.]

[Footnote 1: The Canon, Grossen Dank, ÷ ÷ ÷, is not to be found in either Breitkopf & Härtel's or Thayer's catalogue, nor anywhere else.]
[Footnote 1: The Canon, Grossen Dank, ÷ ÷ ÷, can't be found in either Breitkopf & Härtel's or Thayer's catalog, or anywhere else.]

354.
TO F. RIES.

Baden, September 5, 1823.
Baden, September 5, 1823.

MY DEAR FRIEND,--
MY DEAR FRIEND, --

You advise me to engage some one to look after my affairs; now I did so as to the Variations; that is, my brother and Schindler took charge of them, but how?
You suggest that I hire someone to manage my affairs; I did that for the Variations. My brother and Schindler took care of them, but how?

The Variations were not to have appeared here till after being published in London; but everything went wrong. The dedication to Brentano [Antonie v. Brentano, née Edlen von Birkenstock] was to be confined to Germany, I being under great obligations to her, and having nothing else to spare at the moment; indeed, Diabelli, the publisher, alone got it from me. But everything went through Schindler's hands. No man on earth was ever more contemptible,--an arch villain; but I soon sent him packing! I will dedicate some other work to your wife in the place of this one. You, no doubt, received my last letter [No. 346]. I think thirty ducats would be enough for one of the Allegri di Bravura, but I should like to publish them here at the same time, which might easily be arranged. Why should I give up so much profit to these rogues here? It will not be published here till I am told that it has arrived in London; moreover, you may yourself fix the price, as you best know London customs.
The Variations weren't supposed to be released here until after they were published in London, but everything went wrong. The dedication to Brentano [Antonie v. Brentano, née Edlen von Birkenstock] was meant to be restricted to Germany because I owed her a lot and didn’t have anything else to give at the moment; in fact, only Diabelli, the publisher, got it from me. But everything went through Schindler's hands. No one on earth was more despicable—an absolute villain; but I quickly got rid of him! I’ll dedicate another work to your wife instead of this one. You probably got my last letter [No. 346]. I think thirty ducats would be enough for one of the Allegri di Bravura, but I’d like to publish them here at the same time, which could easily be arranged. Why should I lose so much profit to these crooks here? It won’t be published here until I’m told it has arrived in London; additionally, you can set the price yourself, since you know London customs best.

The copyist to-day at last finished the score of the Symphony; so Kirchhoffer and I are only waiting for a favorable opportunity to send it off. I am still here, being very ill when I arrived, and my health still continues in a most precarious condition, and, good heavens! instead of amusing myself like others at these baths, my necessities compel me to write every day. I am also obliged to drink the mineral waters besides bathing. The copy will shortly be sent off; I am only waiting till I hear of an opportunity from Kirchhoffer, for it is too bulky to forward by post.
The copyist finally finished the score of the Symphony today, so Kirchhoffer and I are just waiting for a good chance to send it off. I'm still here, having arrived quite ill, and my health is still in a very shaky state. Instead of enjoying myself like others at these baths, I have to write every day out of necessity. I also have to drink the mineral waters in addition to bathing. The copy will be sent off soon; I'm just waiting to hear about an opportunity from Kirchhoffer, since it’s too large to send by mail.

My last letter must have given you an insight into everything. I will send you some choruses; let me have any commissions for oratorios as soon as you can, that I may fix the time at once. I am sorry about the Variations on account of ----, as I wrote them more for London than here. This is not my fault. Answer me very soon, both as to particulars and time. Kind regards to your family.
My last letter must have given you a clear idea about everything. I’ll send you some choruses; please let me know if you have any requests for oratorios as soon as you can, so I can schedule the time right away. I’m sorry about the Variations because of ----, since I wrote them more for London than for here. That’s not my fault. Please reply to me soon with details and timing. Send my best to your family.

355.
TO F. RIES,--LONDON.

Baden, September 5, 1823.
Baden, September 5, 1823.

MY DEAR KIND RIES,--
MY DEAR KIND RIES,--

I have still no tidings of the Symphony, but you may depend on its soon being in London. Were I not so poor as to be obliged to live by my pen, I would accept nothing from the Philharmonic Society; but as it is, I must wait till the money for the Symphony is made payable here; though as a proof of my interest and confidence in that Society, I have already sent off the new Overture, and I leave it to them to settle the payment as they please.
I still have no news about the Symphony, but you can count on it arriving in London soon. If I weren’t so broke that I had to make a living by writing, I wouldn’t take anything from the Philharmonic Society. However, since that's not the case, I have to wait until the payment for the Symphony is arranged here. To show my interest and trust in that Society, I’ve already sent off the new Overture, and I’ll let them handle the payment however they see fit.

My brother, who keeps his carriage, wished also to profit by me; so without asking my permission, he offered this Overture to Boosey, a London publisher. Pray, tell him that my brother was mistaken with regard to the Overture. I see now that he bought it from me in order to practise usury with it. O Frater!!
My brother, who has a carriage, also wanted to take advantage of me; so without asking my permission, he offered this Overture to Boosey, a London publisher. Please let him know that he was wrong about the Overture. I realize now that he bought it from me to make a profit off it. Oh Brother!!

I have never yet received the Symphony you dedicated to me. If I did not regard this dedication as a kind of challenge to which I am bound to respond, I would ere this have dedicated some work to you. I always, however, wished first to see yours, and how joyfully would I then testify my gratitude to you in one way or another.
I still haven't received the Symphony you dedicated to me. If I didn’t see this dedication as a kind of challenge that I need to respond to, I would have already dedicated a piece of work to you. I’ve always wanted to see yours first, and I would joyfully show my gratitude to you in one way or another afterward.

I am, indeed deeply your debtor for your kind services and many proofs of attachment. Should my health improve by my intended course of baths, I hope to kiss your wife in London in 1824.
I am really grateful to you for your kind help and all the ways you've shown your support. If my health gets better from the baths I plan to take, I hope to greet your wife in London in 1824.

Yours, ever,
BEETHOVEN.
Yours always,
BEETHOVEN.

356.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

1823.
1823.

I have just heard that Y.R.H. is expected here to-morrow. If I am still unable to follow the impulse of my heart, I hope you will ascribe it to the state of my eyes. I am better, but for some days to come I dare not breathe the town air, so prejudicial to my eyes. I only wish that the next time Y.R.H. returns from Baden, you would be so good as to let me know, and also name the hour at which I am to present myself, and once more have the good fortune to see my gracious master. But as it is probable Y.R.H. will not long remain here, it is the more incumbent on us to take advantage of the short time at our disposal to carry out our artistic discussions and practice. I will myself bring "Grossen Dank, ÷ ÷ ÷," as it must be sent to Baden. Herr Drechsler thanked me to-day for the liberty I had taken in recommending him to Y.R.H., who received him so graciously that I beg to express my warmest gratitude for your kindness. I trust that Y.R.H. will continue firm, for it is said that Abbé Stadler is endeavoring to procure the situation in question for some one else. It would also be very beneficial to Drechsler if Y.R.H. would vouchsafe to speak to Count Dietrichstein^[1] on the subject. I once more request the favor of being told the date of your return from Baden, when I will instantly hasten into town to wait on the best master I have in this world. Y.R.H.'s health seems to be good; Heaven be praised that it is so, for the sake of so many who wish it, and among this number I may certainly be included.
I just heard that Y.R.H. is expected here tomorrow. If I still can't follow my heart's impulse, I hope you'll attribute it to my eye condition. I'm feeling better, but for the next few days, I can’t risk breathing the town air, which is really bad for my eyes. I only wish that the next time Y.R.H. comes back from Baden, you would kindly let me know, and also tell me the time I should come by to once again see my gracious master. Since it’s likely that Y.R.H. won’t stay here for long, it’s even more important for us to make the most of the short time we have to carry out our artistic discussions and practice. I will personally bring "Grossen Dank, ÷ ÷ ÷," as it needs to be sent to Baden. Herr Drechsler thanked me today for the liberty I took in recommending him to Y.R.H., who received him so graciously that I want to express my deepest gratitude for your kindness. I hope Y.R.H. remains steadfast, as I've heard that Abbé Stadler is trying to secure the position for someone else. It would also really help Drechsler if Y.R.H. could speak to Count Dietrichstein^[1] about this. I once again request the favor of being told the date of your return from Baden, when I'll quickly come into town to visit the best master I have in this world. Y.R.H.’s health seems to be good; thank heavens for that, as so many people wish it, and I can certainly count myself among them.

[K.]
[K.]

[Footnote 1: Count Moritz Dietrichstein was in 1823 Court director of the royal band.]
[Footnote 1: Count Moritz Dietrichstein was the director of the royal band in 1823.]

357.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

I was very much affected on receiving your gracious letter yesterday. To flourish under the shade of a stately verdant fruit-tree is refreshing to any one capable of elevated thought and feeling, and thus it is with me under the aegis of Y.R.H. My physician assured me yesterday that my malady was disappearing, but I am still obliged to swallow a whole bottle of some mixture every day, which weakens me exceedingly, and compels me, as Y.R.H. will see from the enclosed instructions of the physician, to take a great deal of exercise. I have every hope, however, that soon, even if not entirely recovered, I shall be able to be a great deal with Y.R.H. during your stay here. This hope will tend to recruit my health sooner than usual. May Heaven bestow its blessings on me through Y.R.H., and may the Lord ever guard and watch over you! Nothing can be more sublime than to draw nearer to the Godhead than other men, and to diffuse here on earth these godlike rays among mortals. Deeply impressed by the gracious consideration of Y.R.H. towards me, I hope very soon to be able to wait on you.
I was really touched to receive your kind letter yesterday. Sitting under the shade of a grand, green fruit tree is refreshing for anyone who can appreciate deep thoughts and feelings, and that's how I feel under your protection. My doctor told me yesterday that my illness is getting better, but I still have to take a whole bottle of some medicine every day, which really weakens me and makes me, as you will see from the enclosed doctor's instructions, take a lot of exercise. However, I’m hopeful that soon, even if I'm not fully recovered, I’ll be able to spend much more time with you during your stay here. This hope will help me get better faster. May Heaven bless me through you, and may the Lord always watch over you! Nothing is more uplifting than getting closer to the divine than others, and spreading those divine rays among people here on earth. I am deeply grateful for your kindness towards me and hope to be able to see you very soon.

[K.]
[K.]

358.
TO SCHINDLER.

Baden, September, 1823.
Baden, September 1823.

SIGNORE PAPAGENO,--
MR. PAPAGENO,--

That your scandalous reports may no longer distress the poor Dresdener, I must tell you that the money reached me to-day, accompanied by every possible mark of respect to myself.
That your scandalous reports may no longer upset the poor person from Dresden, I have to tell you that the money arrived today, along with every sign of respect for me.

Though I should have been happy to offer you a substantial acknowledgment for the [illegible, effaced by Schindler] you have shown me, I cannot yet accomplish to the full extent what I have so much at heart. I hope to be more fortunate some weeks hence. [See No. 329.]
Though I should be happy to give you a meaningful acknowledgment for the [illegible, effaced by Schindler] you have shown me, I still can't fully achieve what I care about so much. I hope to be more fortunate in a few weeks. [See No. 329.]

Per il Signore Nobile, Papageno Schindler.
To the Noble Lord, Papageno Schindler.

359.
TO SCHINDLER.

1823.
1823.

The occurrence that took place yesterday, which you will see in the police reports, is only too likely to attract the notice of the established police to this affair. The testimony of a person whose name is not given entirely coincides with yours. In such a case private individuals cannot act; the authorities alone are empowered to do so.^[1]
The incident that happened yesterday, which you’ll find in the police reports, is very likely to catch the attention of the local police regarding this matter. The statement from a nameless individual matches yours perfectly. In this situation, private citizens can’t take action; only the authorities have the power to do that.^[1]

Yours,
BEETHOVEN.
Yours,
BEETHOVEN.

[Footnote 1: Schindler says, "Brother Johann, the apothecary, was ill in the summer of 1823, and during that time his disreputable wife visited her lover, an officer, in the barracks, and was often seen walking with him in the most frequented places, besides receiving him in her own house. Her husband, though confined to bed, could see her adorning herself to go in search of amusement with her admirer. Beethoven, who was informed of this scandal from various quarters, appealed vigorously to his brother, in the hope of persuading him to separate from his ill-conducted wife, but failed in his attempt, owing to the indolence of this ill-regulated man." It was Schindler, too, who prevented Beethoven making any further application to the police. The following note probably refers to this. In his note-book of November, 1823, is a Canon written by Beethoven on his brother Johann and his family, on these words, "Fettlümerl Bankert haben triumphirt," no doubt an allusion to the disgraceful incident we have mentioned. Brother Johann's wife had a very lovely daughter before she married him.]
[Footnote 1: Schindler says, "Brother Johann, the pharmacist, was sick in the summer of 1823, and during that time, his disreputable wife visited her lover, an officer, at the barracks and was often seen walking with him in busy public places, as well as hosting him in her own home. Her husband, though stuck in bed, could see her getting ready to go out for fun with her admirer. Beethoven, who heard about this scandal from multiple sources, urged his brother strongly, hoping to convince him to leave his poorly behaving wife, but he failed in his effort because of the laziness of this disorganized man." It was Schindler, too, who stopped Beethoven from making any further requests to the police. The following note probably relates to this. In his notebook from November 1823, there’s a Canon written by Beethoven about his brother Johann and his family, containing the words, "Fettlümerl Bankert haben triumphirt," surely referring to the scandal we mentioned. Brother Johann's wife had a very beautiful daughter before she married him.]

360.
TO SCHINDLER.

WISEACRE! I kiss the hem of your garment!
WISEACRE! I kiss the edge of your clothing!

361.
TO HERR GRILLPARZER, COURT COMPOSER.

ESTEEMED SIR,--
Dear Sir,---

The directors wish to know your terms with regard to "Melusina." [See No. 331.] In so far she has asserted herself, which is certainly better than being obliged to importune others on such matters. My household has been in great disorder for some time past, otherwise I should have called on you, and requested you to visit me in return.^[1] Pray, write your conditions at once, either to the directors or to myself, in which case I will undertake to deliver them. I have been so busy that I could not call on you, nor can I do so now, but hope to see you before long. My number is 323.
The directors want to know your terms regarding "Melusina." [See No. 331.] So far, she has made her presence known, which is definitely better than having to bug others about such things. My home has been quite chaotic for a while, otherwise I would have visited you and asked you to come see me in return.^[1] Please send your conditions right away, either to the directors or to me, and I’ll make sure they get delivered. I’ve been so swamped that I couldn’t visit you, and I still can’t now, but I hope to see you soon. My number is 323.

In the afternoons you will find me in the coffee-house opposite the "Goldene Birne." If you do come, I beg that you may be alone. That obtrusive appendage, Schindler, has long been most obnoxious to me, as you must have perceived when at Hetzendorf,^[2] otium est vitium. I embrace and esteem you from my heart.
In the afternoons, you'll find me at the coffee shop across from the "Goldene Birne." If you decide to come, please come alone. That annoying addition, Schindler, has been really bothersome to me, as you must have noticed when we were at Hetzendorf,^[2] otium est vitium. I embrace and hold you in high regard from the bottom of my heart.

Yours,
BEETHOVEN.
Best,
BEETHOVEN.

[Footnote 1: In the note-book of 1823 is written, in Beethoven's hand:
[Footnote 1: In the notebook of 1823 is written, in Beethoven's handwriting:]

8th or 9th November, bad humor.
Another bad day.
Another bad day.
8th or 9th November, feeling down.
Just another rough day.
Another rough day.

And underneath, in Schindler's hand:
And below, in Schindler's hand:

Devil take such a life!]
Devil take this kind of life!

[Footnote 2: The Elegante Zeitung of 1858, No. 73, relates the following anecdote about this visit:--"During the composition of the Opera many conferences took place between the two artistic colleagues, when the new work was zealously discussed on both sides. On one occasion the poet drove out to visit the composer in the country. Beethoven's writing-desk was placed somewhat like a sentry-box opposite a cupboard for provisions, the contents of which compelled the housekeeper to be perpetually coming and going, attracting thereby many an admonitory look askance in the midst of his conversation from the deaf maestro. At last the clock struck the dinner-hour. Beethoven went down to his cellar, and soon after returned carrying four bottles of wine, two of which he placed beside the poet, while the other two were allotted to the composer himself and a third guest. After dinner Beethoven slipped out of the room, and held a short parley with the coachman hired for the occasion, who was still waiting at the door. When the time arrived for returning to town, Beethoven proposed driving part of the way with his guests, and did not get out of the carriage till close to the Burgthor. Scarcely was he gone when the companions he had just quitted found some papers lying on the seat he had vacated, which proved to be six gulden, the amount of the carriage-hire. They instantly stopped the carriage, and shouted to their friend (who was making off as quick as he could) that he had forgotten some money; but Beethoven did not stand still till he was at a safe distance, when he waved his hat, rejoicing with the glee of a child at the success of his trick. There was no possibility of refusing his naïf generosity, and they had sufficient delicacy of feeling not to poison his enjoyment by any untimely remonstrances."]
[Footnote 2: The Elegante Zeitung of 1858, No. 73, shares the following story about this visit:--"While working on the Opera, there were many discussions between the two artistic colleagues, where they passionately talked about the new piece. One day, the poet drove out to see the composer in the countryside. Beethoven's writing desk was positioned like a guard post opposite a pantry, which forced the housekeeper to be in and out constantly, drawing many disapproving glances from the deaf maestro during their conversation. Finally, the clock struck dinner time. Beethoven went down to his cellar and soon came back with four bottles of wine, placing two next to the poet and keeping the other two for himself and a third guest. After dinner, Beethoven slipped out of the room to have a quick chat with the coachman he had hired for the day, who was still waiting at the door. When it was time to head back to town, Beethoven offered to drive part of the way with his guests and didn’t get out of the carriage until they were close to the Burgthor. As soon as he left, his companions found some papers on the seat he had just vacated, which turned out to be six gulden, the fare for the carriage. They immediately stopped the carriage and called out to their friend (who was hurrying away) that he had forgotten some money; but Beethoven didn’t stop until he was at a safe distance, then waved his hat, celebrating like a child over the success of his prank. There was no way to turn down his naïf generosity, and they had enough sensitivity not to ruin his joy with any premature objections."]

362.
TO PROBST, MUSIC PUBLISHER,--LEIPZIG.

Vienna, March 10, 1824.
Vienna, March 10, 1824.

... These are all I can at present give you for publication. I must, alas! now speak of myself, and say that this, the greatest work I have ever written, is well worth 1000 florins C.M. It is a new grand symphony, with a finale and voice parts introduced, solo and choruses, the words being those of Schiller's immortal "Ode to Joy," in the style of my pianoforte Choral Fantasia, only of much greater breadth. The price is 600 florins C.M. One condition is, indeed, attached to this Symphony, that it is not to appear till next year, July, 1825; but to compensate for this long delay, I will give you a pianoforte arrangement of the work gratis, and in more important engagements you shall always find me ready to oblige you.
... These are all I can currently offer you for publication. I must, unfortunately, now talk about myself and mention that this, the greatest work I've ever written, is definitely worth 1000 florins C.M. It’s a new grand symphony, featuring a finale and vocal parts, including solos and choruses, with lyrics from Schiller's timeless "Ode to Joy," similar in style to my piano Choral Fantasia, but much more expansive. The price is 600 florins C.M. There is one condition attached to this Symphony: it won't be published until next year, July 1825; however, to make up for this long wait, I will provide you with a piano arrangement of the work for free, and in more significant engagements, you can always count on me to help you out.

363.
TO SCHINDLER.

1824.
1824.

Frau S. [Schnaps] will provide what is required, so come to dinner to-day at two o'clock. I have good news to tell you,^[1] but this is quite entre nous, for the braineater [his brother Johann] must know nothing about it.
Frau S. [Schnaps] will take care of what’s needed, so come to dinner today at two o'clock. I have good news to share with you,^[1] but this is just between us, because the braineater [his brother Johann] can't find out about it.

[Footnote 1: This no doubt refers to a letter from Prince Gallizin, March 11, 1824:--"I beg you will be so good as to let me know when I may expect the Quartet, which I await with the utmost impatience. If you require money, I request you will draw on Messrs. Stieglitz & Co., in St. Petersburg, for the sum you wish to have, and it will be paid to your order."]
[Footnote 1: This clearly refers to a letter from Prince Gallizin, March 11, 1824:--"Please let me know when I can expect the Quartet, which I'm eagerly waiting for. If you need money, feel free to draw from Messrs. Stieglitz & Co. in St. Petersburg for the amount you need, and it will be paid to you."]

364.
TO HERR V. RZEHATSCHEK.

1824.
1824.

MY WORTHY HERR V. RZEHATSCHEK,--
MY WORTHY MR. RZEHATSCHEK,--

Schuppanzigh assures me that you intend to be so kind as to lend me the instruments required for my concert;^[1] thus encouraged, I venture to ask you to do so, and hope not to meet with a refusal when thus earnestly soliciting you to comply with my request.
Schuppanzigh has assured me that you plan to be kind enough to lend me the instruments I need for my concert;^[1] feeling encouraged, I take the chance to ask you to do so, and I hope I won’t face a refusal as I earnestly request your support.

Your obedient servant,
BEETHOVEN.
Your loyal servant,
BEETHOVEN.

[Footnote 1: It seems highly probable that this concert is the celebrated one in the spring of 1824, when the Ninth Symphony and a portion of the Grand Mass were performed.]
[Footnote 1: It seems very likely that this concert is the famous one from the spring of 1824, when the Ninth Symphony and part of the Grand Mass were performed.]

365.
TO THE HIGH CHAMBERLAIN PRINCE TRAUTMANNSDORF.^[1]

I am deeply indebted to your Highness for your invariable politeness, which I prize probably the more from Y.H. being by no means devoid of sympathy for my art. I hope one day to have the opportunity of proving my esteem for your H.
I am truly thankful to Your Highness for your consistent kindness, which I value even more because you genuinely appreciate my art. I hope to have the chance one day to show how much I respect you.

[Footnote 1: Enclosed in a note to Schindler, who was to apply for the great Redoutensaal for the concert on April 8, 1824.]
[Footnote 1: Included in a note to Schindler, who was supposed to apply for the great Redoutensaal for the concert on April 8, 1824.]

366.
TO COUNT MORITZ LICHNOWSKY.^[1]

Insincerity I despise; visit me no more; my concert is not to take place.
Insincerity is something I can't stand; don't come see me anymore; my concert isn’t happening.

BEETHOVEN.
Beethoven.

[Footnote 1: The originals of these three well-known notes were found by Schindler on the piano, where Beethoven usually left things of the kind, which he intended his amanuensis to take charge of. Lichnowsky, Schuppanzigh, and Schindler had all met at Beethoven's, as if by chance, in order to discuss with him some difficulties which stood in the way of the concert. The suspicious maestro saw only collusion and treachery in this, and wrote these notes, which Schindler did not allow to be sent.]
[Footnote 1: The original copies of these three famous notes were found by Schindler on the piano, where Beethoven typically left items like this for his assistant to handle. Lichnowsky, Schuppanzigh, and Schindler had all met at Beethoven's place, seemingly by coincidence, to talk about some issues that were affecting the concert. The suspicious maestro only saw conspiracy and betrayal in this gathering, and he wrote these notes, which Schindler did not permit to be sent.]

367.
TO HERR SCHUPPANZIGH.

Come no more to see me. I give no concert.
Come no more to see me. I’m not putting on any concert.

BEETHOVEN.
Beethoven.

368.
TO HERR SCHINDLER.

Do not come to me till I summon you. No concert.
Do not come to me until I call for you. No concert.

BEETHOVEN.
Beethoven.

369.
TO HERR V. SARTORIUS, ROYAL CENSOR.

SIR,--
Dear Sir,

As I hear that obstacles are likely to arise on the part of the royal censorship to a portion of sacred music being given at an evening concert in the Theatre "an der Wien," I must inform you that I have been particularly requested to give these pieces, that the copies for this purpose have already caused serious expense, and the intervening time is too short to produce other new works. Besides, only three sacred compositions are to be given, and these under the title of hymns. I do earnestly entreat you, sir, to interest yourself in this matter, as there are always so many difficulties to contend with on similar occasions. Should this permission not be granted, I do assure you that it will be impossible to give a concert at all, and the whole outlay expended on the copying be thrown away. I hope you have not quite forgotten me.
As I hear that there might be obstacles from royal censorship regarding some sacred music at an evening concert in the Theatre "an der Wien," I want to let you know that I've been specifically asked to perform these pieces, that the copies have already cost a lot, and that there's not enough time to create new works. Plus, only three sacred compositions are set to be performed, and they will be presented as hymns. I genuinely ask you, sir, to get involved in this matter, as there are always so many challenges to deal with in similar situations. If this permission is denied, I assure you that it will be impossible to hold the concert at all, and all the expenses for copying will be wasted. I hope you haven’t completely forgotten about me.

I am, sir, with high consideration, yours,
BEETHOVEN.
I am, sir, sincerely yours,
BEETHOVEN.

370.
TO SCHINDLER.

1824.
1824.

If you have any information to give me, pray write it down; but seal the note, for which purpose you will find wax and a seal on my table. Let me know where Duport^[1] lives, when he is usually to be met with, and whether I could see him alone, or if it is probable that people will be there, and who?
If you have any information to share, please write it down; but seal the note, for which you'll find wax and a seal on my table. Let me know where Duport^[1] lives, when he's usually around, and whether I can see him alone or if it's likely that others will be there, and who they are.

I feel far from well. Portez-vous bien. I am still hesitating whether to speak to Duport or to write to him, which I cannot do without bitterness.
I feel really unwell. Take care of yourself. I'm still unsure whether to talk to Duport or to write to him, which I can’t do without feeling bitter.

Do not wait dinner for me; I hope you will enjoy it. I do not intend to come, being ill from our bad fare of yesterday. A flask of wine is ready for you.
Do not wait for dinner for me; I hope you enjoy it. I don't plan to come since I'm feeling unwell from the bad food we had yesterday. A bottle of wine is ready for you.

[Footnote 1: Schindler says that on April 24, 1824, he applied to Duport, at that time administrator of the Kärnthnerthor Theatre, in Beethoven's name, to sanction his giving a grand concert there, allowing him to have the use of the house for the sum of 400 florins C.M. Further, that the conducting of the concert should be intrusted to Umlauf and Schuppanzigh, and the solos to Mesdames Unger and Sonntag, and to the bass singer Preisinger.]
[Footnote 1: Schindler states that on April 24, 1824, he requested Duport, who was then the administrator of the Kärnthnerthor Theatre, on Beethoven's behalf, to approve a grand concert there, permitting him to use the venue for the fee of 400 florins C.M. Additionally, he specified that the concert should be conducted by Umlauf and Schuppanzigh, with the solo performances by Mesdames Unger and Sonntag, as well as the bass singer Preisinger.]

371. ^[1]
TO SCHINDLER.

TO SCHINDLER.
To Schindler.

I beg you will come to see me to-morrow, as I have a tale to tell you as sour as vinegar. Duport said yesterday that he had written to me, though I have not yet got his letter, but he expressed his satisfaction, which is best of all. The chief feat however is not yet performed, that which is to be acted in front of the Proscenium!
I really hope you can come see me tomorrow because I have a story to share that's as bitter as vinegar. Duport mentioned yesterday that he wrote to me, although I haven't received his letter yet, but he shared his satisfaction, which is what matters most. However, the main event hasn't happened yet—the one that’s going to take place in front of the Proscenium!

[In Beethoven's writing:] Yours, from C# below to high F,
Yours, from C# below to high F,

BEETHOVEN.
BEETHOVEN.

[Footnote 1: Written by his nephew.]
[Footnote 1: Written by his nephew.]

372.
TO SCHINDLER.

After six weeks of discussion, here, there, and everywhere, I am fairly boiled, stewed, and roasted. What will be the result of this much-talked-of concert if the prices are not raised? What shall I get in return for all my outlay, as the copying alone costs so much?
After six weeks of discussions here, there, and everywhere, I'm completely exhausted. What will happen with this much-talked-about concert if the ticket prices aren't increased? What will I get back for all my expenses, considering the copying costs so much?

373.
TO SCHINDLER.

At twelve o'clock to-day "in die Birne" [an inn on the Landstrasse]--thirsty and hungry--then to the coffee-house, back again here, and straight to Penzing, or I shall lose the lodging.
At twelve o'clock today "in die Birne" [an inn on the Landstrasse]--thirsty and hungry--then to the coffee shop, back here again, and straight to Penzing, or I will lose the lodging.

374.
TO SCHINDLER.

When you write to me, write exactly as I do to you, without any formal address or signature--vita brevis, ars longa. No necessity for details; only the needful!
When you write to me, write just like I do to you, without any formal greeting or signature--vita brevis, ars longa. No need for details; just the essentials!

375.
TO HERR STEINER & CO.

Baden, May 27, 1824.
Baden, May 27, 1824.

P.N.G. [PATERNOSTERGÄSSEL],--
P.N.G. [PATERNOSTERGÄSSEL],--

Have the goodness to give me a proof of your great complaisance, by using your hand-rostrum (ruler) (not Rostrum Victoriatum) to rule 202 lines of music for me, somewhat in the style I now send, and also on equally fine paper, which you must include in your account. Send it, if possible, to-morrow evening by Carl, for I require it.
Have the kindness to show me your amazing willingness by using your ruler to draw 202 lines of music for me, similar to the style I'm sending you, and also on nice paper, which you should include in your bill. If you can, send it tomorrow evening with Carl, as I need it.

Perhaps plenary indulgence may then be granted.
Perhaps a full indulgence may then be granted.

376.
POUR M. DE HASLINGER, GÉNÉRAL MUSICIEN ET GÉNÉRAL-LIEUTENANT.

MY DEAR FRIEND,--
Hey there, my friend,--

You would really do me great injustice were you to suppose that negligence prevented my sending you the tickets; I assure you that it was my intention to do so, but I forgot it like many other things. I hope that some other opportunity may occur to enable me to prove my sentiments with regard to you. I am, I assure you, entirely innocent of all that Duport has done, in the same way that it was he who thought fit to represent the Terzet [Op. 116] as new, not I. You know too well my love of truth; but it is better to be silent now on the subject, as it is not every one who is aware of the true state of the case, and I, though innocent, might incur blame. I do not at all care for the other proposals Duport makes, as by this concert I have lost both time and money. In haste, your friend,
You’d really be doing me a great injustice if you thought that negligence stopped me from sending you the tickets; I assure you it was my intention to do so, but I just forgot, like many other things. I hope another opportunity comes up that allows me to show you how I feel about you. I’m completely innocent of everything Duport has done, just like he was the one who decided to present the Terzet [Op. 116] as new, not me. You know how much I value truth, but it’s better to stay quiet about it now since not everyone knows the real situation, and even though I’m innocent, I could still get blamed. I’m not interested in the other proposals Duport has made, since this concert has cost me both time and money. In a hurry, your friend,

BEETHOVEN.
Beethoven.

377.
TO STEINER & CO.

MY KIND FRIEND,--
Dear Kind Friend,--

Be so good as to read the enclosed, and kindly forward it at once to the authorities.
Please read the enclosed document and send it to the authorities immediately.

Your servant and amicus,
BEETHOVEN.
Your servant and friend,
BEETHOVEN.

378.
TO HERR TOBIAS PETER PHILIP HASLINGER.

The horn part and the score are shortly to follow. We are immensely indebted to you. Observe the laws. Sing often my Canon in silence,--per resurrectionem, &c. Farewell!
The horn part and the score will be available soon. We are extremely grateful to you. Follow the rules. Sing my Canon in silence often,--per resurrectionem, etc. Goodbye!

Your friend,
BEETHOVEN.
Your friend,
BEETHOVEN.

379.
TO HASLINGER.

Have the goodness to send me my shoes and my sword. You can have the loan of the "Eglantine" for six days, for which, however, you must give an acknowledgment. Farewell!
Please be kind enough to send me my shoes and my sword. You can borrow the "Eglantine" for six days, but you have to provide an acknowledgement for it. Goodbye!

Yours,
BEETHOVEN.
Best,
BEETHOVEN.

380.
TO HASLINGER.

Baden, June 12.
Baden, June 12th.

MY GOOD FRIEND,--
MY GOOD FRIEND,--

Something worth having has been put in your way; so make the most of it. You will no doubt come off with a handsome fee, and all expenses paid. As for the March with Chorus [in the "Ruins of Athens," Op. 114], you have yet to send me the sheets for final revision, also the Overture in E flat ["To King Stephen," Op. 117]; the Terzet [Op. 116]; the Elegy [Op. 118]; the Cantata ["Meeresstille und glückliche Fahrt," Op. 112]; and the Opera. Out with them all! or I shall be on very little ceremony, your right having already expired. My liberality alone confers on you a larger sum than you do on me. I want the score of the Cantata for a few days, as I wish to write a kind of recitative for it; mine is so torn that I cannot put it together, so I must have it written out from the parts. Has the Leipzig musical paper yet retracted its lies about the medal I got from the late King of France?
Something valuable has come your way, so make the most of it. You’ll definitely end up with a nice fee and all expenses covered. Regarding the March with Chorus [in the "Ruins of Athens," Op. 114], you still need to send me the sheets for final revision, as well as the Overture in E flat ["To King Stephen," Op. 117]; the Terzet [Op. 116]; the Elegy [Op. 118]; the Cantata ["Meeresstille und glückliche Fahrt," Op. 112]; and the Opera. Get them all to me! Or I won’t hold back, since your right to them has already expired. My generosity alone gives you a bigger sum than you give me. I need the score of the Cantata for a few days because I want to write a kind of recitative for it; mine is so torn that I can’t piece it together, so I need it copied from the parts. Has the Leipzig music paper finally taken back its false claims about the medal I received from the late King of France?

I no longer receive the paper, which is a shabby proceeding. If the editor does not rectify the statement, I shall cause him and his consumptive chief to be harpooned in the northern waters among the whales.
I don't get the paper anymore, which is pretty pathetic. If the editor doesn’t fix the statement, I'm going to have him and his sickly boss harpooned in the northern waters among the whales.

Even this barbarous Baden is becoming enlightened, and now instead of gutten Brunn, people write guten Brun. But tell me what are they about in Paternoster Street?
Even this brutal Baden is becoming more civilized, and now instead of gutten Brunn, people write guten Brun. But tell me, what are they up to in Paternoster Street?

I am, with all esteem for yourself, but with none for the barbarian Paternoster-Gässel,
I have great respect for you, but none for the uncivilized Paternoster-Gässel,

Your devoted, incomparativo,
B----N.
Your devoted, incomparable,
B----N.

Paternoster-Gässel primus will no doubt, like Mephistopheles, emit fiery flames from his jaws.
Paternoster-Gässel primus will definitely, like Mephistopheles, breathe fire from his mouth.

381.
TO M. DIABELLI.

SIR,--
Dear Sir,

Pray forgive my asking you to send me the score of my Mass,^[1] being in urgent need of it; but I repeat that no public use is to be made of it until I can let you know how and when. It will be at first performed under my direction, with the addition of several new pieces composed expressly for it, which I will with pleasure send to you afterwards. There are certain conventionalities which must be observed, especially as I am so dependent on foreign connections, for Austria does not furnish me with the means of existence, and gives me nothing but vexation. I will soon appoint a day for you to visit Carl.
Please forgive me for asking you to send me the score of my Mass,^[1] as I urgently need it. However, I must emphasize that it should not be used publicly until I can inform you how and when. Initially, it will be performed under my direction, along with several new pieces specifically composed for it, which I will gladly send to you later. There are certain formalities that must be followed, especially since I rely heavily on foreign connections; Austria does not provide me with a way to live and only brings me frustration. I will soon decide on a day for you to visit Carl.

I remain, sir, with the highest esteem, yours,
I remain, sir, with the utmost respect, yours,

BEETHOVEN.
Beethoven.

[Footnote 1: This letter seems to be addressed to Diabelli, who in the summer of 1824 begged the loan of the Mass in D for a few days, but neglected to return it.]
[Footnote 1: This letter appears to be directed to Diabelli, who in the summer of 1824 requested to borrow the Mass in D for a few days but failed to return it.]

382.
TO PROBST,--LEIPZIG.

Vienna, July 3, 1824
Vienna, July 3, 1824

SIR,--
Dear Sir,

Overwhelmed with work and concerts, it is only now in my power to inform you that the works you wished to have are finished and transcribed, and can be delivered at any time to Herr Glöggl [music publisher in Vienna]. I therefore request you will transmit the 100 Viennese ducats to Herr Glöggl, and let me know when you have done so. I must conclude for to-day, and defer the pleasure of writing further till another opportunity. I am, with esteem, yours obediently,
Overloaded with work and concerts, I can finally let you know that the pieces you wanted are completed and transcribed, and can be sent to Herr Glöggl [music publisher in Vienna] at any time. I ask that you forward the 100 Viennese ducats to Herr Glöggl and let me know once you’ve done that. I have to wrap up for today and will save the pleasure of writing more until another time. I am, respectfully, yours.

BEETHOVEN.^[1]
BEETHOVEN.^[1]

[Footnote 1: Probst answered the letter as follows:--
[Footnote 1: Probst replied to the letter as follows:--

"August 18, 1824.
August 18, 1824.

"The many gossiping reports about the differences between you and a publisher here in a similar transaction are the cause, I frankly own, of my wishing first to see your manuscript. The piracy in engraving, so universal in Austria, often prevents the German publisher paying the price for a work which it merits; and even at this moment in Vienna, with regard to your compositions [Schindler mentions three songs with pianoforte accompaniment, six bagatelles, and a grand overture], I can see that the birds of prey are on the watch to rob me of them under the shelter of the law."
"The various gossiping reports about the issues between you and a publisher involved in a similar deal are, honestly, why I want to see your manuscript first. The rampant piracy in engraving, which is so common in Austria, often stops the German publisher from paying the fair price for a work. Even right now in Vienna, regarding your compositions [Schindler mentions three songs with piano accompaniment, six bagatelles, and a grand overture], I can see that the vultures are waiting to steal them from me under the guise of the law."

On one of these letters Beethoven writes in pencil, "Do not listen to gossip; I have no time at this moment to enter on the subject, but I have all the proofs in my own hands; more of this hereafter."]
On one of these letters, Beethoven writes in pencil, "Don’t listen to the rumors; I don’t have time right now to get into it, but I have all the evidence with me; more on this later."

383.
TO T. HASLINGER.^[1]

MY VERY WORTHY FRIEND,--
MY DEAR FRIEND,--

Have the goodness to send me the Rochlitz article on the Beethoven works, and we will return it to you forthwith by the flying, driving, riding, or migrating post.
Have the kindness to send me the Rochlitz article on the Beethoven works, and we will get it back to you right away by the fastest mail, whether it's by plane, car, horseback, or any other means.

Yours,
BEETHOVEN.
Best, BEETHOVEN.

[Footnote 1: The Rochlitz'sche article is probably the report in the A.M. Zeitung of the works performed at the grand concert of May 7.]
[Footnote 1: The Rochlitz article is likely the report in the A.M. Zeitung about the performances at the grand concert on May 7.]

384.
TO HERR SCHOTT,--MAYENCE.

1824.
1824.

The Overture^[1] that you got from my brother was recently performed here, and I received many eulogiums on the occasion.
The Overture^[1] that you received from my brother was recently performed here, and I got a lot of praise for it.

What is all this compared to the grandest of all masters of harmony above! above! above! Rightfully the Most High! While here below all is a mere mockery--Dwarfs--and the Most High!!
What is all this compared to the greatest master of harmony above! above! above! Truly the Most High! While down here everything is just a joke—Dwarfs—and the Most High!!

You shall receive the Quartet with the other works. You are open and candid, qualities which I never before found in publishers, and this pleases me. I say so in writing, but who knows whether it may not soon be in person? I wish you would transmit the sum due for the Quartet to P., as at this moment I require a great deal of money, for I derive everything from foreign sources, and sometimes a delay occurs--caused by myself.
You will receive the Quartet along with the other works. You are open and honest, qualities I’ve never found in publishers before, and that makes me happy. I'm saying this in writing, but who knows, it might be in person soon? I would appreciate it if you could send the payment for the Quartet to P., as I currently need a lot of money, since I rely entirely on foreign sources, and sometimes delays happen—due to me.

[Footnote 1: The Overture to which he alludes is no doubt Op. 124, in C major, Zur Weihe des Hauses, published by Schott. It was performed in the great concert of May 23 of this year (1824), which in the estimation of a Beethoven, already absorbed in new great works, might well be termed "recently performed." Schott himself says the letter is written between July 3 and September 17, 1824.]
[Footnote 1: The Overture he's referring to is definitely Op. 124, in C major, Zur Weihe des Hauses, published by Schott. It was played at the big concert on May 23 of this year (1824), which, in the opinion of Beethoven, who was already focused on new major works, might rightly be called "recently performed." Schott himself notes that the letter was written between July 3 and September 17, 1824.]

385.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

Baden, August 23, 1824.
Baden, August 23, 1824.

YOUR ROYAL HIGHNESS,--
YOUR HIGHNESS,--

I live--how?--the life of a snail. The unfavorable weather constantly throws me back, and at these baths it is impossible to command one's natural strength. A few days ago, Nägeli, a musical author and poet of considerable repute, wrote to me from Zurich; he is about to publish 200 poems, and among these some are suitable for musical composition. He urged me much to apply to Y.R.H. to request that you would be graciously pleased to subscribe to this collection. The price is very moderate, 20 groschen, or 1 florin 80 kreutzers. Were Y.R.H. to subscribe for six copies, it would immediately be noised abroad, although I am well aware that my illustrious master does not care for anything of the kind; it will suffice for the present if Y.R.H. will condescend to inform me of your will on the subject. The money can be paid when the copies arrive, probably a couple of months hence. I have conveyed Herr Nägeli's request, and now I must ask another favor, on his account, from myself. Everything cannot be measured by line and plummet; but Wieland says: "A little book may be well worth a few groschen." Will Y.R.H. therefore honor these poems by permitting your august name to be prefixed to them, as a token of your sympathy for the benefit of this man? the work is not likely to be quite devoid of value. Being convinced of Y.R.H.'s interest in all that is noble and beautiful, I hope I shall not fail in my intercession for Nägeli, and I beg that Y.R.H. will give me a written permission to inform Nägeli that you will be one of his subscribers.
I live—how?—like a snail. The bad weather constantly holds me back, and in these baths, it's impossible to tap into my natural strength. A few days ago, Nägeli, a well-known musician and poet, wrote to me from Zurich; he's about to publish 200 poems, and some are suitable for musical composition. He strongly encouraged me to ask Y.R.H. to kindly consider subscribing to this collection. The price is very reasonable, 20 groschen, or 1 florin 80 kreutzers. If Y.R.H. subscribed to six copies, it would immediately attract attention, although I know my esteemed master isn't particularly interested in this sort of thing; it would be enough for now if Y.R.H. could just let me know your thoughts on the matter. The payment can be made when the copies arrive, probably in a couple of months. I've communicated Herr Nägeli's request, and now I must ask for another favor, on his behalf, from myself. Not everything can be measured in exact terms; however, Wieland says: "A little book may be well worth a few groschen." Will Y.R.H. therefore honor these poems by allowing your distinguished name to precede them, as a sign of your support for this man? The work probably has some value. Believing in Y.R.H.'s appreciation for all that is noble and beautiful, I hope I won’t fail in my plea for Nägeli, and I kindly ask that Y.R.H. grant me written permission to inform Nägeli that you will be one of his subscribers.

I remain, with all dutiful fidelity and devotion, your R. Highness's obedient servant,
I remain, with all my loyalty and dedication, your Royal Highness's obedient servant,

BEETHOVEN.
Beethoven.

386.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

Baden, August 29, 1824.
Baden, August 29, 1824.

MY DEAR YOUNG SCAMP,--
MY DEAR YOUNG RASCAL,--

How active our mahogany Holz [wood] is! My plans are decided. We will give the present quartet to Artaria, and the last to Peters. You see I have learned something; I now perceive why I first explored the path; it was for your sake, that you might find it smooth. My digestion is terribly out of order, and no physician! I wish to have some ready-made pens, so send some in a letter. Don't write to Peters on Saturday; we had better wait a little, to show him our indifference on the subject.
How active our mahogany Holz [wood] is! My plans are set. We'll give the current quartet to Artaria and the last one to Peters. You see, I've learned something; I now understand why I first explored the path; it was for you, so you could find it easy to navigate. My digestion is really messed up, and there’s no doctor! I want some pre-made pens, so please send some in a letter. Don’t write to Peters on Saturday; it’s better if we wait a bit to show him we’re indifferent about the topic.

Since yesterday I have only taken some soup, and a couple of eggs, and drank nothing but water; my tongue is discolored; and without medicine and tonics, whatever my farcical doctor may say, my digestion will never improve.
Since yesterday, I've only had some soup and a couple of eggs, and I've only been drinking water; my tongue is discolored, and without medicine and tonics, no matter what my ridiculous doctor says, my digestion will never get better.

The third quartet [in C sharp minor, Op. 131] also contains six movements, and will certainly be finished in ten or twelve days at most. Continue to love me, my dear boy; if I ever cause you pain, it is not from a wish to grieve you, but for your eventual benefit. I now conclude. I embrace you cordially. All I wish is that you should be loving, industrious, and upright. Write to me, my dear son. I regret all the trouble I give you, but it will not go on long. Holz seems inclined to become our friend. I expect a letter soon from [illegible].
The third quartet [in C sharp minor, Op. 131] also has six movements, and I’m sure it will be finished in ten to twelve days at the most. Keep loving me, my dear boy; if I ever hurt you, it's not because I want to, but for your own good in the long run. I’ll wrap this up. I send you a warm hug. All I hope for is that you remain loving, hard-working, and honorable. Write to me, my dear son. I’m sorry for all the trouble I cause you, but it won’t last much longer. Holz seems ready to become our friend. I expect a letter soon from [illegible].

Your faithful
FATHER.
Your devoted
DAD.

387.
ROUGH DRAFT OF A LETTER TO PETERS.

1824.
1824.

I wrote to you that a quartet ["and a grand one too" is effaced] is ready for you; as soon, therefore, as you let me know that you will accept it for the 360 florins C.M., or 80 ducats, I will at once forward it to you. My works are now paid at a higher rate than ever; besides, you have only yourself to blame in this affair. Your own letters show what you formerly desired to have, and the works I sent you were what they ought to have been (the numerous pirated editions prove the truth of this); but the Quartet will convince you that, so far from wishing to take my revenge, I now give you what could not possibly be better, were it intended even for my best friend.
I wrote to you that a quartet ["and a grand one too" is effaced] is ready for you; so as soon as you let me know that you'll accept it for 360 florins C.M., or 80 ducats, I'll send it right over. My works are now paid at a higher rate than ever; besides, you have only yourself to blame in this situation. Your own letters show what you used to want, and the works I sent you were what they should have been (the many pirated editions prove this); but the Quartet will prove to you that, far from wanting to take revenge, I'm giving you something that couldn't possibly be better, even if it were meant for my best friend.

I beg that you will make no delay, so that I may receive your answer by the next post; otherwise I must forthwith return you the 360 florins C.M. I shall, at all events, be rather in a scrape, for there is a person who wishes to have not only this but another newly finished work of mine, though he does not care to take only one. It is solely because you have waited so long (though you are yourself to blame for this) that I separate the Quartet from the following one, now also completed. (Do you think that the latter ought to be also offered here? but, of course, cunningly and warily: comme marchand coquin!) You need have no misgivings that I am sending you something merely to fulfil my promise; no, I assure you on my honor as an artist that you may place me on a level with the lowest of men, if you do not find that it is one of my very best works.
I ask that you don't delay, so I can get your response by the next mail; otherwise, I'll have to immediately return the 360 florins C.M. I'll be in a bit of a bind since there's someone who wants both this and another new piece of mine, but he isn't interested in just one. It's only because you've taken so long (and you're to blame for that) that I'm separating the Quartet from the other one, which is now finished too. (Do you think I should offer the latter here as well? But, of course, with some cleverness and caution: comme marchand coquin!) You shouldn't worry that I'm sending you something just to keep my promise; I assure you on my honor as an artist that you can compare me to the lowest of men if you don't find this one of my very best works.

388.
TO HANS GEORG NÄGELI,--ZURICH.

Baden, September 9, 1824.
Baden, September 9, 1824.

MY MUCH-VALUED FRIEND,--
MY DEAR FRIEND,--

The Cardinal Archduke is in Vienna, and owing to my health, I am here. I only yesterday received from him a gracious written consent to subscribe to your poems, on account of the services you have rendered to the progress of music. He takes six copies of your work. I will shortly send you the proper address. An anonymous friend is also on the list of subscribers. I mean myself, for as you do me the honor to become my panegyrist, I will on no account allow my name to appear. How gladly would I have subscribed for more copies, but my means are too straitened to do so. The father of an adopted son, (the child of my deceased brother,) I must for his sake think and act for the future as well as for the present. I recollect that you previously wrote to me about a subscription; but at that time I was in very bad health, and continued an invalid for more than three years, but now I am better. Send also the complete collection of your lectures direct to the Archduke Rudolph, and, if possible, dedicate them to him; you are certain at all events to receive a present, not a very large one probably, but still better than nothing; put some complimentary expressions in the preface, for he understands music, and it is his chief delight and occupation. I do really regret, knowing his talents, that I cannot devote myself to him as much as formerly.
The Cardinal Archduke is in Vienna, and because of my health, I’m here. Just yesterday, I received a kind written consent from him to subscribe to your poems, due to the contributions you've made to the advancement of music. He’s taking six copies of your work. I’ll send you the correct address soon. An anonymous friend is also on the list of subscribers. That’s me, because since you honor me by becoming my praise-giver, I won’t let my name appear. I really would have subscribed for more copies, but I can’t afford it right now. As the father of an adopted son (the child of my late brother), I have to think and act for the future as well as the present for his sake. I remember you wrote to me about a subscription before; at that time, I was in very poor health and remained an invalid for over three years, but I’m better now. Please send the complete collection of your lectures directly to Archduke Rudolph, and if you can, dedicate them to him; you’re sure to receive a gift, probably not a big one, but still better than nothing. Add some nice words in the preface, as he understands music, and it's his main pleasure and focus. I truly regret, knowing his talents, that I can’t dedicate myself to him as much as I used to.

I have made various applications to procure you subscribers, and shall let you know as soon as I receive the answers. I wish you would also send me your lectures, and likewise Sebastian Bach's five-part Mass, when I will at once remit you the money for both. Pray, do not imagine that I am at all guided by self-interest; I am free from all petty vanity; in godlike Art alone dwells the impulse which gives me strength to sacrifice the best part of my life to the celestial Muse. From childhood my greatest pleasure and felicity consisted in working for others; you may therefore conclude how sincere is my delight in being in any degree of use to you, and in showing you how highly I appreciate all your merits. As one of the votaries of Apollo, I embrace you.
I’ve submitted several requests to get you subscribers and will let you know as soon as I hear back. I also wish you would send me your lectures and Sebastian Bach’s five-part Mass, and I’ll send you the money for both right away. Please don’t think I’m motivated by self-interest; I’m free from all petty vanity. It’s solely through the divine Art that I find the drive to dedicate the best part of my life to the heavenly Muse. Since childhood, my greatest joy and happiness have come from working for others, so you can see how genuine my pleasure is in being of any help to you and in showing you how much I value all your talents. As a devotee of Apollo, I embrace you.

Yours cordially,
BEETHOVEN.
Sincerely,
BEETHOVEN.

Write to me soon about the Archduke, that I may introduce the subject to his notice; you need take no steps towards seeking permission for the dedication. It will and ought to be a surprise to him.
Write to me soon about the Archduke, so I can bring it to his attention; you don’t need to take any steps to ask for permission for the dedication. It should be a surprise for him.

389.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

Baden, evening, September 14, 1824.
Baden, evening, September 14, 1824.

MY DEAR SON,--,
MY DEAR SON,

Whether it rains heavily to-morrow or not, stifling dust or pouring rain would be equally prejudicial to me. It does grieve me to know that you are so long with this demon; but, pray, strive to keep out of her way. You must give her a letter, written in my name, to the manager of the hospital, in which you must state that she did not come on the 1st, partly because she was unwell, and also from various people having come here to meet me, Basta cosi!
Whether it rains heavily tomorrow or not, both the choking dust and pouring rain would be equally harmful to me. It really bothers me to know that you’ve been with this awful person for so long; please do your best to avoid her. You need to give her a letter, written in my name, to the manager of the hospital, stating that she didn’t come on the 1st, partly because she was unwell, and also because various people came here to meet me, Basta cosi!

I send you 40 florins for the singing-master [corépétiteur]. Get a written receipt from him: how many mistakes are thus avoided! and this should be done by every one who pays money for another. Did not Holz bring Rampel's receipt [the copyist] unasked, and do not others act in the same way? Take the white waistcoat for yourself, and have the other made for me. You can bring the metronome with you; nothing can be done with it. Bring also your linen sheets and two coverlets, and some lead-pencils and patterns; be sure you get the former at the Brandstatt. And now farewell, my dear son; come to my arms as early as you can,--perhaps to-morrow. [The paper is here torn away.]
I’m sending you 40 florins for the singing teacher. Make sure to get a written receipt from him: it helps avoid so many mistakes! Everyone who pays someone should do this. Didn’t Holz bring Rampel’s receipt without being asked, and don’t others do the same? Keep the white waistcoat for yourself, and have the other one made for me. You can bring the metronome with you; it’s not working. Also, bring your linen sheets and two coverlets, and a few lead pencils and patterns; make sure you get the pencils at the Brandstatt. And now goodbye, my dear son; come into my arms as soon as you can—maybe tomorrow. [The paper is here torn away.]

As ever, your faithful
FATHER.
As always, your faithful
FATHER.

P.S. All that could be done was to send you by the old woman's char à banc, which, however, including everything, costs 8 florins 36 kreutzers.
P.S. The only thing we could do was send you in the old woman's char à banc, which, all together, costs 8 florins and 36 kreutzers.

Do not forget anything, and be careful of your health.
Do not forget anything, and take care of your health.

390.
TO HERR NÄGELI.

Vienna, September 16, 1824.
Vienna, September 16, 1824.

MY ESTEEMED FRIEND,--
Dear Friend,--

I gladly comply with your wish that I should arrange the vocal parts of my last Grand Mass for the organ, or piano, for the use of the different choral societies. This I am willing to do, chiefly because these choral associations, by their private and still more by their church festivals, make an unusually profound impression on the multitude, and my chief object in the composition of this Grand Mass was to awaken, and deeply to impress, religious feelings both on singers and hearers. As, however, a copy of this kind and its repeated revision must cause a considerable outlay, I cannot, I fear, ask less than 50 ducats for it, and leave it to you to make inquiries on the subject, so that I may devote my time exclusively to it.
I’m happy to fulfill your request to arrange the vocal parts of my last Grand Mass for organ or piano for the different choral societies. I’m willing to do this mainly because these choral groups, especially during their private and church festivals, have a significant impact on the public, and my main goal in composing this Grand Mass was to inspire and deeply move both the singers and the audience with religious feelings. However, since producing and revising a copy like this will incur considerable costs, I can't charge less than 50 ducats for it, and I’ll leave it to you to gather information on this so that I can focus on the work.

I am, with high consideration,
Your obedient
BEETHOVEN.
I am, with great respect,
Your loyal
BEETHOVEN.

391.
TO SCHOTT,--MAYENCE.

Baden, near Vienna, September 17, 1824.
Baden, near Vienna, September 17, 1824.

The Quartet [Op. 127, in E flat major] you shall also certainly receive by the middle of October. Overburdened by work, and suffering from bad health, I really have some claim on the indulgence of others. I am here entirely owing to my health, or rather to the want of it, although I already feel better. Apollo and the Muses do not yet intend me to become the prey of the bony Scytheman, as I have yet much to do for you, and much to bequeath which my spirit dictates, and calls on me to complete, before I depart hence for the Elysian fields; for I feel as if I had written scarcely more than a few notes of music.
The Quartet [Op. 127, in E flat major] will definitely be with you by the middle of October. I'm overwhelmed with work and not feeling well, so I think I deserve a bit of patience from others. I'm here entirely because of my health, or lack of it, but I'm starting to feel better. Apollo and the Muses clearly don’t intend for me to be taken by the grim Reaper yet, as I still have a lot to do for you and much to leave behind that my spirit urges me to finish before I move on to the next life. Honestly, it feels like I've written only a few notes of music.

I wish your efforts all possible success in the service of art; it is that and science alone which point the way, and lead us to hope for a higher life. I will write again soon. In haste, your obedient
I wish you all the best in your artistic efforts; it's art and science that show us the way and give us hope for a better life. I'll write again soon. Quickly, your obedient

BEETHOVEN.
Beethoven.

392.
TO HAUSCHKA.

Baden, September 23, 1824.
Baden, September 23, 1824.

MY DEAR AND VALUED FRIEND,--
Dear valued friend,

As soon as I arrive in town, I will write Bernard's Oratorio [see No. 257], and I beg you will also transmit him payment for it. We can discuss when we meet in town what we further require and think necessary, and in the mean-time, I appoint you High and Puissant Intendant of all singing and humming societies, Imperial Violoncello-General, Inspector of the Imperial Chasse, as well as Deacon of my gracious master, without house or home, and without a prebendary (like myself). I wish you all these, most faithful servant of my illustrious master, as well as everything else in the world, from which you may select what you like best.^[1] That there may be no mistake, I hereby declare that it is our intention to set to music the Bernard Oratorio, the "Sieg des Kreuzes" and speedily to complete the same. Witness this our sign and seal,
As soon as I get to town, I'll write Bernard's Oratorio [see No. 257], and I ask you to send him payment for it too. We can talk about what else we need when we meet in town, and in the meantime, I appoint you as the High and Puissant Intendant of all singing and humming societies, Imperial Violoncello-General, Inspector of the Imperial Chasse, and Deacon of my gracious master, without a house or home, and without a prebendary (just like me). I wish you all these things, most loyal servant of my distinguished master, as well as anything else in the world that you can choose from. ^[1] To avoid any confusion, I hereby declare that we intend to set the Bernard Oratorio, "Sieg des Kreuzes," to music and to finish it quickly. Witness our sign and seal,

LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN.
Ludwig van Beethoven.

1st P.S. Take care that the venison is not devoured by rats or mice--you understand? Strive for better choice and variety.
1st P.S. Make sure the venison isn't eaten by rats or mice—you get what I mean? Aim for better selection and variety.

Yours, as a Christian and in Apollo,
B.
Yours, as a Christian and in Apollo,
B.

2d P.S. As for the little flag on the white tower, we hope soon to see it waving again!
2d P.S. About the small flag on the white tower, we hope to see it flying again soon!

[Footnote 1: An allusion to Hauschka's subserviency to all persons in high Court offices.]
[Footnote 1: A reference to Hauschka's servitude to all individuals in high court positions.]

393.
TO HERR NÄGELI,--ZURICH.

Vienna, November 17, 1824.
Vienna, Nov 17, 1824.

MY MUCH-VALUED FRIEND,--
MY DEAR FRIEND,--

Deeply absorbed in work, and not sufficiently protected against this late season of the year, I have again been ill; so believe me it was impossible for me to write to you sooner. With regard to your subscription, I have only succeeded in getting one subscriber for two copies, Herr v. Bihler, tutor in the family of His Imperial Highness the Archduke Carl; he tried to get the Archduke also, but failed. I have exerted myself with every one, but, unluckily, people are here actually deluged with things of the same kind. This is all that I can write to you in my hurry. I urged the matter, too, on Haslinger, but in vain; we are really poor here in Austria, and the continued pressure of the war leaves but little for art and science. I will see that the subscriptions are paid, but let me know distinctly where the money is to be sent to. I embrace you in spirit. Always rely on the high esteem of your true friend,
Deeply focused on my work and not well-protected against this late season, I've unfortunately become ill again. So, please understand it was impossible for me to write to you sooner. Regarding your subscription, I've only managed to get one subscriber for two copies, Herr v. Bihler, who tutors in the family of His Imperial Highness, Archduke Carl. He also tried to get the Archduke on board, but wasn't successful. I've done my best to reach out to everyone, but unfortunately, people here are overwhelmed with similar offerings. This is all I can manage to write in my rush. I also pressed the issue with Haslinger, but to no avail; we're really struggling here in Austria, and the ongoing pressure of war leaves little room for art and science. I'll make sure the subscriptions are paid, but please let me know clearly where the money should be sent. I'm embracing you in spirit. Always count on the high regard of your true friend,

BEETHOVEN.
Beethoven.

394.
TO THE ARCHDUKE RUDOLPH.

November 18, 1824.
November 18, 1824.

YOUR ROYAL HIGHNESS,--
Your Royal Highness, --

On my return from Baden, illness prevented my waiting on Y.R.H. according to my wish, being prohibited going out; thus yesterday was the first time I dared to venture again into the open air. When your gracious letter arrived, I was confined to bed, and under the influence of sudorifics, my illness having been caused by a chill; so it was impossible for me to rise. I feel sure that Y.R.H is well aware that I never would neglect the respect so properly your due. I shall have the pleasure of waiting on you to-morrow forenoon. Moreover, there will be no lack of opportunity here to awaken the interest Y.R.H. takes in music, which cannot fail to prove so beneficial to art,--ever my refuge, thank God!
On my way back from Baden, I got sick and couldn’t meet with you as I wanted, since I was told to stay indoors. So yesterday was the first time I dared to go outside again. When your kind letter arrived, I was stuck in bed, under the effects of medication for a chill, making it impossible for me to get up. I’m sure you know that I would never neglect the respect that you rightly deserve. I look forward to seeing you tomorrow morning. Plus, there will be plenty of chances to rekindle your interest in music, which I know will be very good for the art—my constant refuge, thank God!

I remain Y.R.H.'s obedient servant,
BEETHOVEN.
I remain Y.R.H.'s loyal servant,
BEETHOVEN.

395.
TO SCHOTT,--MAYENCE.

Vienna, November 18, 1824.
Vienna, Nov 18, 1824.

I regret being obliged to tell you that some little time must yet elapse before I can send off the works. There was not in reality much to revise in the copies; but as I did not pass the summer here, I am obliged to make up for this now, by giving two lessons a day to H.R.H. the Archduke Rudolph. This exhausts me so much that it almost entirely unfits me for all else. Moreover, I cannot live on my income, and my pen is my sole resource; but no consideration is shown either for my health or my precious time. I do hope that this may not long continue, when I will at once complete the slight revision required. Some days ago I received a proposal which concerns you also; its purport being that a foreign music publisher was disposed, &c., &c., to form a connection with you, in order to guard against piracy. I at once declined the offer, having had sufficiently painful experience on these matters. (Perhaps this was only a pretext to spy into my affairs!)
I regret to inform you that it will take a bit more time before I can send out the works. There wasn't much to revise in the copies, but since I didn’t spend the summer here, I now have to compensate by giving two lessons a day to H.R.H. the Archduke Rudolph. This tires me out so much that it leaves me almost completely unable to do anything else. Additionally, I can't survive on my income, and my writing is my only source of income; however, no consideration is shown either for my health or my valuable time. I hope this situation doesn’t last much longer, as I will complete the minor revisions needed immediately. A few days ago, I received a proposal that pertains to you as well; it suggested that a foreign music publisher was interested, etc., etc., in partnering with you to prevent piracy. I promptly declined the offer, as I’ve had enough painful experiences with these issues. (Perhaps this was just a cover to snoop into my business!)

396.
TO CARL HOLZ.

I send you my greetings, and also wish to tell you that I am not going out to-day. I should be glad to see you, perhaps this evening after your office hours.
I send you my greetings and also want to let you know that I’m not going out today. I would be happy to see you, maybe this evening after your work hours.

In haste, your friend,
BEETHOVEN.
Quickly, your friend,
BEETHOVEN.

I am by no means well.
I am definitely not feeling well.

397.
TO CARL HOLZ.

MY WORTHY HOLZ--BE NO LONGER HOLZ [WOOD]!
MY WORTHY HOLZ--DON'T BE HOLZ [WOOD] ANYMORE!

The well-beloved government wishes to see me to-day at ten o'clock. I beg you will go in my place; but first call on me, which you can arrange entirely according to your own convenience. I have already written a letter to the powers that be, which you can take with you. I much regret being forced to be again so troublesome to you, but my going is out of the question, and the affair must be brought to a close,
The beloved government wants to see me today at ten o'clock. I kindly ask that you go in my place; but please stop by to see me first, which you can schedule whenever it works for you. I've already written a letter to the powers that be, which you can bring with you. I'm really sorry to bother you again, but I can't go, and we need to wrap this up.

Yours,
BEETHOVEN.
Best, BEETHOVEN.

398.
TO SCHOTT,--MAYENCE.

Vienna, December 17 [Beethoven's birthday], 1824.
Vienna, December 17 [Beethoven's birthday], 1824.

I write to say that a week must yet elapse before the works can be dispatched to you. The Archduke only left this yesterday, and much precious time was I obliged to spend with him. I am beloved and highly esteemed by him, but--I cannot live on that, and the call from every quarter to remember "that he who has a lamp ought to pour oil into it" finds no response here.
I’m writing to let you know that it will be another week before I can send the works to you. The Archduke just left yesterday, and I had to spend a lot of valuable time with him. I’m loved and respected by him, but—I can’t rely on that, and the constant reminder that "he who has a lamp should refill it" doesn't resonate with me here.

As the score ought to be correctly engraved, I must look it over repeatedly myself, for I have no clever copyist at present. Pray, do not think ill of me! Never was I guilty of anything base!
As the score needs to be properly engraved, I have to review it myself multiple times because I don’t have a skilled copyist right now. Please don’t think poorly of me! I have never done anything dishonorable!

399.

March, 1825.
March 1825.

MY GOOD FRIENDS,--
MY GOOD FRIENDS,

Each is herewith appointed to his own post, and formally taken into our service, pledging his honor to do his best to distinguish himself, and each to vie with the other in zeal.
Each person is hereby assigned to their respective role and officially brought into our team, promising to put in their best effort to stand out, and each will compete with the others in enthusiasm.

Every individual cooperating in this performance must subscribe his name to this paper.^[1]
Every person taking part in this performance must sign their name on this paper.^[1]

Schuppanzigh, (Manu propria.)
  Weiss.
  Linke, (M.P.)
Confounded violoncello of the great masters.
  Holz, (M.P.)
The last, but only as to his signature.
Schuppanzigh, (Manu propria.)
  Weiss.
  Linke, (M.P.)
Confounded cello of the great masters.
  Holz, (M.P.)
The last, but only regarding his signature.

[Footnote 1: In reference to the rehearsals of the first production of the E flat major Quartet, Op. 127, in March, 1825.]
[Footnote 1: Referring to the rehearsals for the first performance of the E flat major Quartet, Op. 127, in March 1825.]

400.
TO SCHINDLER.

The Spring of 1825.
Spring 1825.

I have waited till half-past one o'clock, but as the caput confusum has not come, I know nothing of what is likely to happen. Carl must be off to the University in the Prater; so I am obliged to go, that Carl, who must leave this early, may have his dinner first. I am to be found in the "Wilde Mann" [an inn in the Prater].
I waited until 1:30, but since the caput confusum hasn’t arrived, I have no idea what’s going to happen. Carl must be on his way to the University in the Prater, so I have to leave so he can have dinner first. You can find me at the "Wilde Mann" [an inn in the Prater].

To Herr Schindler, Moravian numskull.^[1]
To Mr. Schindler, Moravian numskull.^[1]

[Footnote 1: Schindler was a Moravian.]
[Footnote 1: Schindler was from Moravia.]

401.
TO LINKE, VIOLONCELLIST.^[1]

DEAR LINKE,--
DEAR LINK,--

Having heard Herr v. Bocklet very highly spoken of, I think it would be advisable to ask him kindly to play in the trio at your concert. I do not know him myself, or I would have applied to him on your behalf. Always rely on me when it is in my power to serve you.
Having heard great things about Herr v. Bocklet, I think it would be a good idea to kindly ask him to play in the trio at your concert. I don’t know him personally, or I would have reached out to him for you. Always count on me when I can help you.

Yours truly,
BEETHOVEN.
Sincerely,
BEETHOVEN.

[Footnote 1: Bocklet, a pianist in Vienna, tells me that he rehearsed the Trio with Holz and Linke in 1825 or 1826 at Beethoven's.]
[Footnote 1: Bocklet, a pianist in Vienna, tells me that he practiced the Trio with Holz and Linke in 1825 or 1826 at Beethoven's.]

402.^[1]
TO * * *

SIR,--
Dear Sir,

Through the stupidity of my housekeeper your mother was recently sent away from my house, without my having been informed of her visit. I highly disapprove of such incivility, especially as the lady was not even shown into my apartments. The rudeness and coarseness of the persons whom I am so unfortunate as to have in my service are well known to every one; I therefore request your forgiveness.
Through the carelessness of my housekeeper, your mother was recently sent away from my house without me being informed of her visit. I strongly disapprove of such incivility, especially since she wasn't even shown into my rooms. The rudeness and coarseness of the people I have the misfortune to employ are well known to everyone; I therefore ask for your forgiveness.

Your obedient servant,
L. V. BEETHOVEN.
Your loyal servant,
L. V. BEETHOVEN.

[Footnote 1: In the New Vienna Musik Zeitung the occasion of this note is thus related:--"In 1825, a well-known artist and dilettante in the composition of music published a book of waltzes, each of these being composed by the most popular and celebrated musicians of the day; as no one declined giving a musical contribution to the editor, the profits being intended to enable him to go to Carlsbad for the benefit of the waters there. The work met with unusual support and sympathy. It then occurred to the editor to apply for a contribution to the great Ludwig van Beethoven, with whom he had been acquainted in former days through his father and grandfather. The great musician at once, in the most gracious and amiable manner, promised to comply with the request, and sent him not only a waltz, but (the only one who did so) also a trio, desiring the editor to send in the course of a month for these works, which would by that time be completed. As the editor was in the mean time taken ill, he was not able to call for the work himself, and was thus obliged to give up this interesting visit. He therefore requested his mother to apply for the waltz, &c., and to express his thanks; but the housekeeper, to whom she gave her name, refused to admit her, saying she could not do so, 'for her master was in such a crazy mood.' As at this very moment Beethoven chanced to put his head in at the door, she hurried the lady into a dark room, saying, 'Hide yourself, as it is quite impossible that anyone can speak to him to-day,' getting out of the way herself as fast as she could. A couple of days afterwards Beethoven sent the waltz, &c., to the house of the musical editor in question, with the above letter."]
[Footnote 1: In the New Vienna Musik Zeitung, the story goes like this:—"In 1825, a well-known artist and music enthusiast published a book of waltzes, each composed by the most popular musicians of the time. Everyone was eager to contribute to the editor since the profits were meant to help him travel to Carlsbad for the healing waters there. The project received remarkable support and interest. The editor then thought to ask the great Ludwig van Beethoven for a contribution, having known him in earlier days through his father and grandfather. The great musician promptly promised to help in the kindest way and not only provided a waltz but also a trio, which no one else did, asking the editor to come by in a month to collect them once they were finished. Unfortunately, the editor fell ill and couldn’t pick up the works himself, so he had to miss this fascinating meeting. He asked his mother to go and collect the waltz and express his gratitude; however, the housekeeper refused to let her in, saying she couldn’t because ‘her master was in a very bad mood.’ Just then, Beethoven happened to peek in at the door, which prompted her to quickly shove the lady into a dark room, saying, ‘Hide yourself, it’s impossible to talk to him today,’ and she hurried away as fast as she could. A couple of days later, Beethoven sent the waltz and other works to the editor’s house, along with the aforementioned letter."]

403.
TO F. RIES.

Vienna, April 9, 1825.
Vienna, April 9, 1825.

MY DEAR GOOD RIES,--
MY DEAR GOOD RIES,--

I write only what is most pressing! So far as I can remember in the score of the Symphony [the 9th] that I sent you, in the first hautboy, 242d bar, there stands instead of . I have carefully revised all the instrumental parts, but those of the brass instruments only partially, though I believe they are tolerably correct. I would already have sent you my score [for performance at the Aix musical festival], but I have still a concert in prospect, if indeed my health admits of it, and this MS. is the only score I possess. I must now soon go to the country, as this is the only season when I profit by it.
I write only what's urgent! As far as I remember in the score of the Symphony [the 9th] that I sent you, in the first oboe, 242nd bar, there's instead of . I've carefully revised all the instrumental parts, but I've only partially done the brass instruments, although I think they're mostly correct. I would have already sent you my score [for performance at the Aix musical festival], but I still have a concert coming up, if my health allows, and this manuscript is the only score I have. I need to go to the country soon, as this is the only time I can benefit from it.

You will shortly receive the second copy of the "Opferlied;" mark it at once as corrected by myself, that it may not be used along with the one you already possess. It is a fine specimen of the wretched copyists I have had since Schlemmer's death. It is scarcely possible to rely on a single note. As you have now got all the parts of the finale of the Symphony copied out, I have likewise sent you the score of the choral parts. You can easily score these before the chorus commences, and when the vocal parts begin, it could be contrived, with a little management, to affix the instrumental parts just above the scored vocal parts. It was impossible for me to write all these out at once, and if we had hurried such a copyist, you would have got nothing but mistakes.
You will soon receive the second copy of the "Opferlied;" please mark it immediately as corrected by me so that it isn't used along with the one you already have. It's a great example of the terrible copyists I’ve dealt with since Schlemmer's death. It's nearly impossible to trust any single note. Now that you have all the parts of the finale of the Symphony copied out, I have also sent you the score for the choral parts. You can easily score these before the chorus starts, and when the vocal parts begin, you could manage to place the instrumental parts just above the scored vocal parts. I couldn’t write all these out at once, and if we had rushed such a copyist, you would have received nothing but errors.

I send you an Overture in C, 6/8 time, not yet published; you shall have the engraved parts by the next post. A Kyrie and Gloria, two of the principal movements (of the solemn Mass in D major), and an Italian vocal duet, are also on their way to you. You will likewise receive a grand march with chorus, well adapted for a musical performance on a great scale, but I think you will find what I have already sent quite sufficient.
I’m sending you an Overture in C, 6/8 time, which hasn’t been published yet; you’ll get the engraved parts by the next mail. A Kyrie and Gloria, two of the main movements from the solemn Mass in D major, along with an Italian vocal duet, are also on their way to you. You'll also receive a grand march with a chorus, which is great for a large musical performance, but I think what I’ve already sent will be enough.

Farewell! You are now in the regions of the Rhine [Ries at that time lived at Godesberg, near Bonn], which will ever be so dear to me! I wish you and your wife every good that life can bestow! My kindest and best regards to your father, from your friend,
Farewell! You are now in the areas of the Rhine [Ries at that time lived at Godesberg, near Bonn], which will always hold a special place in my heart! I wish you and your wife all the best that life can offer! Please send my warmest regards to your father, from your friend,

BEETHOVEN.
Beethoven.

404.
TO HERR JENGER,--VIENNA.^[1]

1824.
1824.

MY ESTEEMED FRIEND,--
Dear Friend,--

It will give me much pleasure to send you some day soon the score of Matthisson's "Opferlied." The whole of it, published and unpublished, is quite at your service. Would that my circumstances permitted me to place at once at your disposal the greater works I have written, before they have been heard. I am, alas! fettered on this point; but it is possible that such an opportunity may hereafter occur, when I shall not fail to take advantage of it.
It will make me very happy to send you the score of Matthisson's "Opferlied" soon. Everything, both published and unpublished, is completely available to you. I wish my situation allowed me to offer you the larger works I’ve written before they’ve been heard. Unfortunately, I’m restricted in this regard, but there may be a chance in the future, and I won’t miss it.

The enclosed letter is for Hofrath v. Kiesewetter. I beg you will be so good as to deliver it, especially as it concerns yourself quite as much as the Herr Hofrath.
The enclosed letter is for Hofrath v. Kiesewetter. I kindly ask you to deliver it, especially since it concerns you just as much as Herr Hofrath.

I am, with high esteem, your devoted friend,
I am, with great respect, your loyal friend,

BEETHOVEN.
Beethoven.

[Footnote 1: This note is addressed to Jenger in Vienna, a chancery official and a musical amateur, connoisseur, factotum, and distinguished pianist. The date is not known. The Opferlied he refers to, is undoubtedly the 2d arrangement, Op. 121-b, which according to the Leipzig A.M. Zeitung was performed as Beethoven's "most recent poetical and musical work," at the concert in the Royal Redoutensaal, April 4, 1824.]
[Footnote 1: This note is addressed to Jenger in Vienna, a government official and music lover, expert, do-it-all person, and talented pianist. The date is unknown. The Opferlied he mentions is definitely the 2nd arrangement, Op. 121-b, which, according to the Leipzig A.M. Zeitung, was performed as Beethoven's "latest poetic and musical work" at the concert in the Royal Redoutensaal on April 4, 1824.]

405.
TO SCHOTT.

I have much pleasure in herewith contributing to the "Cecilia"^[1] and its readers some Canons written by me, as a supplement to a humorous and romantic biography of Herr Tobias Haslinger residing here, which is shortly to appear in three parts.
I’m excited to share some Canons I wrote for the "Cecilia"^[1] and its readers. This is a supplement to a funny and romantic biography of Herr Tobias Haslinger, who lives here, which will be coming out soon in three parts.

In the first part, Tobias appears as the assistant of the celebrated and solid Kapellmeister Fux, holding the ladder for his Gradus ad Parnassum. Being, however, mischievously inclined, he contrives, by shaking and moving the ladder, to cause many who had already climbed up a long way, suddenly to fall down, and break their necks.
In the first part, Tobias acts as the assistant to the famous and dependable Kapellmeister Fux, holding the ladder for his Gradus ad Parnassum. However, being a bit of a troublemaker, he finds a way to shake and move the ladder, causing many who have climbed up a considerable distance to suddenly fall and break their necks.

He now takes leave of this earthly clod and comes to light again in the second part in the time of Albrechtsberger. The already existing Fux, nota cambiata, is now dealt with in conjunction with Albrechtsberger. The alternating subjects of the Canon are most fully illustrated. The art of creating musical skeletons is carried to the utmost limit, &c.
He now departs from this earthly body and re-emerges in the second part during Albrechtsberger's time. The existing Fux, nota cambiata, is now discussed alongside Albrechtsberger. The alternating themes of the Canon are thoroughly explored. The skill of crafting musical frameworks is taken to its highest level, &c.

Tobias begins once more to spin his web as a caterpillar, and comes forth again in the third part, making his third appearance in the world. His half-fledged wings bear him quickly to the Paternostergässel, of which he becomes the Kapellmeister. Having emerged from the school of the nota cambiata, he retains only the cambiata and becomes a member of several learned societies, &c. But here are the Canons.
Tobias starts spinning his web again as a caterpillar and makes his third appearance in the third part, emerging into the world once more. His partially developed wings quickly take him to Paternostergässel, where he becomes the Kapellmeister. After graduating from the school of nota cambiata, he only keeps the cambiata and joins several scholarly societies, etc. But here are the Canons.

On a certain person of the name of Schwencke.^[2]
On a certain person named Schwencke.^[2]

On a certain person of the name of Hoffmann.
On someone named Hoffmann.

LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN.
Ludwig van Beethoven.

[Footnote 1: A periodical published for the musical world, and edited by a society of savants, art-critics, and artists; Mayence, B. Schott & Sons. The publishers applied to Beethoven, in the name of the editors, for a contribution to the Cecilia.]
[Footnote 1: A magazine created for the music community, and edited by a group of experts, art critics, and artists; Mainz, B. Schott & Sons. The publishers reached out to Beethoven, on behalf of the editors, for a contribution to the Cecilia.]

[Footnote 2: It appears that Kapellmeister Schwencke in Hamburg, in many complimentary and flowery phrases, had requested Beethoven to send him his autograph. Perhaps Beethoven, to whom the sound of certain names appeared comical, alludes here to this Hamburg Kapellmeister Schwencke.]
[Footnote 2: It seems that Kapellmeister Schwencke in Hamburg had asked Beethoven to send him his autograph in a lot of flattering and elaborate words. Maybe Beethoven, for whom some names seemed funny, is referring to this Hamburg Kapellmeister Schwencke.]

406.
TO LUDWIG RELLSTAB.

May 3, 1825.
May 3, 1825.

As I was just starting for the country yesterday, I was obliged to make some preparations myself; so unluckily your visit to me was in vain. Forgive me in consideration of my very delicate health. As perhaps I may not see you again, I wish you every possible prosperity. Think of me when writing your poems.
As I was just heading to the countryside yesterday, I had to make some preparations myself, so unfortunately, your visit was for naught. Please forgive me considering my fragile health. Since I might not see you again, I wish you all the best. Remember me when you’re writing your poems.

Your friend,
BEETHOVEN.
Your friend, Beethoven.

Convey my affectionate regards and esteem to Zelter,--that faithful prop of true art.
Convey my warm regards and respect to Zelter, that loyal supporter of true art.

Though convalescent, I still feel very weak. Kindly accept the following token of remembrance from
Though I’m recovering, I still feel really weak. Please accept this small token of remembrance from

Your friend,
BEETHOVEN.
Your friend,
Beethoven.

407.
TO * * *

Vienna.
Vienna.

SIR,--
Dear Sir,

Being on the point of going into the country, and only very recently recovered from an attack of internal inflammation, I can merely write you a few words. In the passage in the "Opferlied," 2d strophe, where it runs thus:--
Being about to head into the countryside, and having just recently recovered from a bout of internal inflammation, I can only jot down a few words. In the part of the "Opferlied," 2nd stanza, where it says:--

I wish it to be written thus:--
I want it written like this:--

408.
TO HIS BROTHER JOHANN.

Baden, May 6, 1825.
Baden, May 6, 1825.

The bell and bell-pulls, &c., &c., are on no account whatever to be left in my former lodging. No proposal was ever made to these people to take any of my things. Indisposition prevented my sending for it, and the locksmith had not come during my stay to take down the bell; otherwise it might have been at once removed and sent to me in town, as they have no right whatever to retain it. Be this as it may, I am quite determined not to leave the bell there, for I require one here, and therefore intend to use the one in question for my purpose, as a similar one would cost me twice as much as in Vienna, bell-pulls being the most expensive things locksmiths have. If necessary, apply at once to the police. The window in my room is precisely in the same state as when I took possession, but I am willing to pay for it, and also for the one in the kitchen,--2 florins 12 kreutzers for the two. The key I will not pay for, as I found none; on the contrary, the door was fastened or nailed up when I came, and remained in the same condition till I left; there never was a key, so of course neither I myself, nor those who preceded me, could make use of one. Perhaps it is intended to make a collection, in which case I am willing to put my hand in my pocket.
The bell and bell-pulls, etc., must not be left behind in my old apartment under any circumstances. No one ever asked to take my things. I couldn't retrieve them because I was unwell, and the locksmith didn’t come during my stay to remove the bell; otherwise, it could have been taken down and sent to me in the city since they have no right to keep it. Regardless, I'm determined not to leave the bell there because I need one here, and I intend to use this one since getting a similar one in Vienna would cost me twice as much, with bell-pulls being the most expensive items locksmiths deal with. If necessary, please contact the police immediately. The window in my room is exactly as it was when I moved in, but I'm willing to pay for it, as well as for the one in the kitchen—2 florins and 12 kreutzers for both. I won’t pay for the key because I didn’t find one; in fact, the door was locked or nailed shut when I arrived and stayed that way until I left; there was never a key, so neither I nor anyone before me could use one. If there’s an intention to collect it, then I’m willing to pay up.

LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN.
Ludwig van Beethoven.

409.
TO HERR VON SCHLEMMER.^[1]

SIR,--
Dear Sir,

It strikes me as very remarkable that Carl cannot be persuaded to go into good society, where he might amuse himself in a creditable manner. This almost leads me to suspect that he possibly finds recreations, both in the evening and at night, in less respectable company. I entreat you to be on your guard as to this, and on no pretext whatever to allow him to leave the house at night, unless you receive a written request from me to that effect, by Carl. He once paid a visit, with my sanction, to Herr Hofrath Breuning. I strongly recommend this matter to your attention; it is far from being indifferent, either to you or to me; so I would once more urge you to practise the greatest vigilance.
It seems incredible to me that Carl can’t be convinced to join better company, where he could have a good time. This almost makes me suspect that he might be finding entertainment in less respectable places during the evening and at night. I urge you to be cautious about this and under no circumstances allow him to leave the house at night, unless you have a written request from me delivered by Carl. He once visited Herr Hofrath Breuning with my approval. I strongly recommend that you pay close attention to this issue; it’s very important for both you and me. So, I once again urge you to be extremely vigilant.

I am, sir,
Your obedient
BEETHOVEN.
I'm, sir,
Your obedient
BEETHOVEN.

[Footnote 1: In 1825, his nephew lived with Schlemmer in the Alleengasse, close to the Karlskirche.]
[Footnote 1: In 1825, his nephew stayed with Schlemmer in the Alleengasse, near the Karlskirche.]

410.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

Frau Schlemmer is to receive, or has already received, her money by our housekeeper. Some letters must be written to-morrow. Let me know what time would suit you best? Your
Frau Schlemmer is supposed to receive, or has already received, her money from our housekeeper. Some letters need to be written tomorrow. Let me know what time works best for you. Your

UNCLE.
UNCLE.

I left my pocket-handkerchief with you.
I left my tissue with you.

411.^[1]

MY DEAR SON,--
MY DEAR SON,--

I have this moment got your letter. I still feel very weak and solitary, and only read the horrid letter I enclose! I send you 25 florins to buy the books at once, and you can spend the surplus when you require to do so. Pray bring me back Reisser's note.^[2] On Saturday, the 14th of May, I will send a carriage into town to fetch you here; the charge is as yet very reasonable. The old woman is to inquire what hour will suit you best; you can set off at any time before six in the evening, so that you need neglect nothing. Perhaps I may come myself, and then your shirts might be purchased; in which case it would be as well if you were to be at liberty by four o'clock; but if I do not come, which is very possible, drive straight here at five or six o'clock in the evening. You will not thus feel so much fatigued, and you can leave this again on Monday, if nothing is neglected by the delay. You can take the money with you for the Correpetitor. Are you aware that this affair of the Correpetitor, including board and lodging, amounts to 2000 florins a year? I can write no more to-day, I can scarcely guide my pen. Show this letter to Reisser.
I just got your letter. I still feel really weak and lonely, and I've only read the awful letter I’m enclosing! I'm sending you 25 florins to buy the books right away, and you can use the extra when you need to. Please bring me back Reisser's note.^[2] On Saturday, May 14th, I’ll send a carriage into town to pick you up; the cost is still pretty reasonable. The old woman will check what time works best for you; you can leave at any time before six in the evening, so you won't miss anything. I might come myself, and then your shirts could be bought; in that case, it would be good if you could be free by four o'clock. But if I don’t come, which is very possible, just come straight here at five or six in the evening. That way, you won’t feel so tired, and you can leave again on Monday if nothing's delayed. You can take the money with you for the Correpetitor. Did you know that the Correpetitor, including room and board, costs 2000 florins a year? I can’t write any more today; I can barely hold my pen. Show this letter to Reisser.

Your affectionate
FATHER.
Your loving
DAD.

[Footnote 1: I have arranged the following notes to his nephew in their probable succession as to time. Schindler has given some of these in his Biography, but quite at random, and disjointed, without any reliable chronological order.]
[Footnote 1: I've organized the following notes for his nephew in what seems to be their likely chronological order. Schindler has included some of these in his Biography, but they are presented randomly and in bits, lacking any dependable timeline.]

[Footnote 2: Reisser was Vice-Director of the Polytechnic Institution, where the nephew had been placed for some time. Reisser had also undertaken the office of his co-guardian. Beethoven sometimes writes Reissig.]
[Footnote 2: Reisser was the Vice-Director of the Polytechnic Institution, where the nephew had been enrolled for a while. Reisser had also taken on the role of his co-guardian. Beethoven sometimes writes Reissig.]

412.
TO DR. BRAUNHOFER.

Baden, May 13, 1825.
Baden, May 13, 1825.

MY ESTEEMED FRIEND,--
Dear Friend, --

Doctor. "How does our patient get on?"
Doctor. "How's our patient doing?"

Patient. "Still in a bad way, feeling weak and irritable, and I think that at last we must have recourse to stronger medicines, and yet not too violent; surely I might now drink white wine with water, for that deleterious beer is quite detestable. My catarrhal condition is indicated by the following symptoms. I spit a good deal of blood, though probably only from the windpipe. I have constant bleeding from the nose, which has been often the case this winter. There can be no doubt that my digestion is terribly weakened, and in fact my whole system, and, so far as I know my own constitution, my strength will never be recruited by its natural powers."
Patient. "I'm still not doing well, feeling weak and irritable, and I think we finally need to turn to stronger medications, though nothing too harsh. I could probably have white wine mixed with water now, since that awful beer is just terrible. My cold symptoms include the following. I cough up quite a bit of blood, but it's probably just from my windpipe. I have constant nosebleeds, which has happened a lot this winter. There's no doubt that my digestion is really weak, and honestly, my whole system is struggling. As far as I know my own body, my strength won't recover on its own."

Doctor. "I will prescribe for you, and soon, very soon, shall your health be restored."
Doctor. "I'll prescribe something for you, and you'll be back to health in no time."

Patient. "How glad I should be to sit down at my writing-table, with some cheerful companions. Reflect on this proposal." Finis.
Patient. "How happy I would be to sit down at my writing desk, surrounded by some good friends. Think about this idea." Finis.

P.S. I will call on you as soon as I come to town, only tell Carl at what hour I am likely to see you. It would be a good plan to give Carl directions what I am to do. (I took the medicine only once, and have lost it.)
P.S. I’ll reach out to you as soon as I get to town, just let Carl know what time I’m likely to see you. It would be a good idea to give Carl instructions on what I should do. (I only took the medicine once and have misplaced it.)

I am, with esteem and gratitude,
I am, with respect and thanks,

Your friend,
BEETHOVEN.
Your friend, BEETHOVEN.

Written on May 11th, 1825, in Baden, Helenenthal, second floor, Anton's-Brücke, near Siechenfeld.
Written on May 11, 1825, in Baden, Helenenthal, second floor, Anton's Bridge, near Siechenfeld.

413.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

Baden, May 17.
Baden, May 17th.

MY DEAR SON,--
MY DEAR SON, --

The weather here is abominable, and the cold greater even than yesterday; so much so that I have scarcely the use of my fingers to write; this is the case, however, only in the mountains, and more especially in Baden. I forgot the chocolate to-day, and am sorry to be obliged to trouble you about it, but all will go better soon. I enclose you 2 florins, to which you must add 15 kreutzers; send it if possible with the post in the afternoon; otherwise I shall have none the day after to-morrow; the people of the house will assist you in this. May God bless you! I begin to write again very tolerably; still, in this most dreary, cold stormy weather, it is almost impossible to have any clear conceptions.
The weather here is terrible, and it's even colder than yesterday; it's so bad that I can barely use my fingers to write. This is only true in the mountains, especially in Baden. I forgot the chocolate today, and I'm sorry to trouble you about it, but everything will be better soon. I'm sending you 2 florins, and you need to add 15 kreutzers; please send it with the post in the afternoon if you can; otherwise, I won't have any the day after tomorrow. The people in the house will help you with this. May God bless you! I'm starting to write again fairly well; still, in this really dreary, cold, and stormy weather, it's nearly impossible to think clearly.

Now as ever,
Your good and loving
FATHER.
Now as always,
Your caring and loving
DAD.

414.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

Noon, 1 o'clock.
12 PM, 1 PM.

MY DEAR SON,--
MY DEAR SON,--

I merely wish to let you know that the old woman is not yet returned,--why, I cannot tell. Inquire immediately at Höbel's in the Kothgasse, whether the Höbel who belongs to this place set off from Vienna to Baden? It is really so distressing to me to depend on such people, that if life did not possess higher charms, it would be utterly insupportable in my eyes. You no doubt got my yesterday's letter, and the 2 florins for the chocolate. I shall be obliged to drink coffee to-morrow; perhaps after all it is better for me than chocolate, as the prescriptions of this B. [Braunhofer] have been repeatedly wrong. Indeed he seems to me very ignorant, and a blockhead into the bargain; he must have known about the asparagus. Having dined at the inn to-day, I have a threatening of diarrhoea. I have no more white wine, so I must get it from the inn, and such wine too! for which, however, I pay 3 florins! Two days ago the old woman wrote to me that she wished to end her days in an alms-house; perhaps she will not return to me; so be it in God's name! she will always be a wicked old woman. She ought to make arrangements with the person whom she knows of. She wrote to me in a very different strain from that in which she spoke to you on Sunday, and said "that the people refused to give up the bell-pull." Who knows whether she may not have some interest in the matter? She went into town yesterday at six o'clock, and I begged her to make haste back here this forenoon; if she still comes, I must go to town the day after to-morrow. Leave a written message to say when I am to see you.... Write me a few lines immediately. How much I regret troubling you, but you must see that I cannot do otherwise....
I just want to let you know that the old woman hasn't come back yet, and I can't say why. Please ask right away at Höbel's in the Kothgasse if the Höbel from here left for Baden from Vienna. It's really frustrating for me to rely on people like this; if life didn't have better things to offer, I'd find it completely unbearable. You probably received my letter from yesterday along with the 2 florins for the chocolate. I’ll have to drink coffee tomorrow; maybe it’s actually better for me than chocolate since B. [Braunhofer]’s prescriptions have been wrong multiple times. Honestly, he seems pretty clueless and also a bit dim; he should have known about the asparagus. After eating at the inn today, I’m feeling a bit of an upset stomach. I’m out of white wine, so I’ll have to get some from the inn, and it’s overpriced too! I’m paying 3 florins for it! Two days ago, the old woman wrote to me saying she wanted to spend her last days in a charity home; maybe she won't come back to me, and if that’s the case, so be it! She’ll always be a spiteful old woman. She should make arrangements with the person she knows. She wrote to me very differently than how she spoke to you on Sunday, saying "the people refused to give up the bell-pull." Who knows if she might have some interest in this? She went into town yesterday at six o'clock, and I asked her to hurry back here this morning; if she still comes, I’ll have to go to town the day after tomorrow. Please leave me a note saying when I should expect to see you... Write me a few lines right away. I really hate to inconvenience you, but you can see I have no other choice...

Your attached
FATHER.
Your attached
DAD.

How distressing to be in such a state here!
How upsetting it is to be in such a situation here!

To Herr Carl van Beethoven,
Vienna, Alleengasse 72, Karlskirche, 1ter Étage,
at Herr Schlemmer's.
To Mr. Carl van Beethoven,
Vienna, Alleengasse 72, Karlskirche, 1st Floor,
at Mr. Schlemmer's.

415.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

MY DEAR SON,--
MY DEAR SON,

I sent for the cabinet-maker to-day with the old--witch--to Asinanius'^[1] house. Don't forget the paintings, and the things sent in last summer; at all events look for them. I may perhaps come on Saturday; if not, you must come to me on Sunday. May God watch over you, my dear son.
I called the carpenter today with the old witch to Asinanius' house. Don't forget the paintings and the stuff that was sent last summer; definitely look for them. I might come on Saturday; if not, you need to come see me on Sunday. May God take care of you, my dear son.

Your attached
FATHER.
Your attached
DAD.

I cannot write much. Send me a few words.^[2]
I can’t write a lot. Just send me a few words.^[2]

[Footnote 1: It was thus Beethoven named his pseudo-brother.]
[Footnote 1: That's how Beethoven called his pseudo-brother.]

[Footnote 2: Underneath is written in pencil by another hand, "I shall be at the usual place at three o'clock, s'il vous plait." The whole appears to be afterwards stroked out.]
[Footnote 2: Underneath is written in pencil by another hand, "I'll be at the usual place at three o'clock, please." The whole thing seems to have been crossed out afterward.]

416.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

Do send the chocolate at last by the old woman. If Ramler is not already engaged, he may perhaps drive her over. I become daily thinner, and feel far from well; and no physician, no sympathizing friends! If you can possibly come on Sunday, pray do so; but I have no wish to deprive you of any pleasure, were I only sure that you would spend your Sunday properly away from me.
Do send the chocolate from the old woman at last. If Ramler isn’t busy, he might be able to drive her over. I’m getting thinner every day and don’t feel well at all; and there’s no doctor, no caring friends! If you can make it on Sunday, please do; but I don't want to take away any of your enjoyment, especially if I knew you would spend your Sunday happily away from me.

I must strive to wean myself from everything; if I were only secure that my great sacrifices would bring forth worthy fruits!
I need to work on distancing myself from everything; if only I could be sure that my significant sacrifices would lead to meaningful results!

Your attached
FATHER.
Your attached
DAD.

417.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

Wednesday, May 17.
Wednesday, May 17th.

MY DEAR SON,--
MY DEAR SON, --

The old woman is just come, so you need be under no uneasiness; study assiduously and rise early, as various things may occur to you in the morning, which you could do for me. It cannot be otherwise than becoming in a youth, now in his nineteenth year, to combine his duties towards his benefactor and foster-father with those of his education and progress. I fulfilled my obligations towards my own parents. In haste,
The old woman has just arrived, so you don’t need to worry; study hard and get up early, as there may be various things you could do for me in the morning. It’s essential for a young man, now in his nineteenth year, to balance his responsibilities to his benefactor and guardian with his education and personal growth. I fulfilled my duties towards my own parents. In a hurry,

Your attached
FATHER.
Your attachment
DAD.

The old bell-pull is here. The date of my letter is wrong; it is not May the 17th, but the 18th.
The old bell pull is here. The date on my letter is incorrect; it’s not May 17th, but the 18th.

418.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

May 19.
May 19th.

Ask the house agent about a lodging in the Landstrasse, Ungargasse, No. 345, adjoining the Bräuhaus,--four rooms and a kitchen, commanding a view of the adjacent gardens. I hear there are various others too in the Hauptstrasse. Give a gulden to the house agent in the Ungargasse, to promise me the refusal of the lodgings till Saturday, when, if the weather is not too bad, I mean to come on to fetch you. We must decide to-morrow whether it is to be hired from Michaelmas or now. If I do come on Saturday, take care that I find you at home.
Ask the real estate agent about a place on Landstrasse, Ungargasse, No. 345, next to the Bräuhaus -- four rooms and a kitchen, with a view of the nearby gardens. I've heard there are several others on Hauptstrasse as well. Give the agent in Ungargasse a gulden to hold the place for me until Saturday, when, if the weather isn’t too bad, I plan to come get you. We need to decide tomorrow whether to rent it starting from Michaelmas or now. If I do come on Saturday, make sure I find you at home.

Your attached
FATHER.
Your attachment
DAD.

419.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

Say everything that is kind and amiable from me to my esteemed fellow-guardian, Dr. v. Reissig; I feel still too feeble to write to him myself. I hope he will not object to your coming to me here every Saturday evening. You are well aware that I never abused such a permission when you were at Blöchlinger's [see No. 276]. Besides, I feel sure of your intercession in support of my request.
Say everything kind and friendly from me to my esteemed fellow-guardian, Dr. v. Reissig; I’m still feeling too weak to write to him myself. I hope he won’t mind you coming to see me here every Saturday evening. You know that I never misused such a privilege when you were at Blöchlinger's [see No. 276]. Besides, I’m confident in your support for my request.

Your attached father,
BEETHOVEN.
Your dad,
BEETHOVEN.

420.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

Baden, May 23.
Baden, May 23rd.

I have been assured, though as yet it is only a matter of conjecture, that a clandestine intercourse has been renewed between your mother and yourself. Am I doomed again to experience such detestable ingratitude? No! if the tie is to be severed, so be it! By such ingratitude you will incur the hatred of all impartial persons. The expressions my brother made use of yesterday before Dr. Reissig (as he says); and your own with respect to Schönauer (who is naturally adverse to me, the judgment of the Court being the exact reverse of what he desired), were such, that I will not mix myself up with such shameful doings! No! never more!
I have been told, although it's still just speculation, that a secret relationship has been rekindled between you and your mother. Am I destined to face such terrible ingratitude again? No! If the bond is to be broken, then so be it! With such ingratitude, you'll earn the hatred of all fair-minded people. The things my brother said yesterday in front of Dr. Reissig (as he claims) and your comments about Schönauer (who naturally dislikes me since the Court's judgment is the exact opposite of what he wanted) were such that I refuse to get tangled up in such disgraceful actions! No! Never again!

If you find the Pactum oppressive, then, in God's name, I resign you to His holy keeping! I have done my part, and on this score I do not dread appearing before the Highest of all Judges. Do not be afraid to come to me to-morrow; as yet I only suspect; God grant that those suspicions may not prove true, for to you it would be an incalculable misfortune, with whatever levity my rascally brother, and perhaps your mother also, may treat the matter to the old woman. I shall expect you without fail.
If you find the Pactum too heavy, then, in God's name, I leave you in His care! I've done my part, and for that, I don't fear facing the Highest Judge. Don't hesitate to come to me tomorrow; right now, I only suspect; God help us that those suspicions may not prove true, because it would be an unimaginable tragedy for you, no matter how casually my shady brother, and maybe your mother too, talk about it with the old woman. I'll be expecting you without fail.

421.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

Baden, May 31, 1825.
Baden, May 31, 1825.

MY DEAR SON,--
MY DEAR SON,

I intend to come to town on Saturday, and to return here either on Sunday evening, or early on Monday. I beg you will therefore ask Dr. Bach [advocate] at what hour I can see him, and also fetch the key from brother Bäcker's [a brother-in-law of Johann Beethoven's], to see whether in the room inhabited by my unbrotherly brother, the arrangements are such that I can stay a night there; and if there is clean linen, &c., &c. As Thursday is a holiday, and it is unlikely that you will come here (indeed I do not desire that you should), you may easily execute these two commissions for me. You can let me know the result when I arrive on Saturday. I don't send you money, for if you want any, you can borrow a gulden at home. Moderation is necessary for young people, and you do not appear to pay sufficient attention to this, as you had money without my knowledge, nor do I yet know whence it came. Fine doings! It is not advisable that you should go to the theatre at present, on account of the distraction it causes. The 5 florins procured by Dr. Reissig, I will pay off by instalments, punctually every month. So enough of this! Misled as you have been, it would be no bad thing were you at length to cultivate simplicity and truth, for my heart has been so deeply wounded by your deceitful conduct, that it is difficult to forget it. Even were I disposed to submit like an ox to so hard a yoke without murmuring, if you pursue the same course towards others, you will never succeed in gaining the love of any one. As God is my witness, I can think of nothing but you, and my contemptible brother, and the detestable family that I am afflicted with. May God vouchsafe to listen to my prayer, for never again can I trust you!
I plan to come to town on Saturday and return here either on Sunday evening or early Monday. Please ask Dr. Bach what time I can meet him, and also pick up the key from brother Bäcker to see if the room where my unsupportive brother stays is set up so I can spend the night there, and if there's clean linen, etc. Since Thursday is a holiday, and it's unlikely you'll come here (in fact, I don’t want you to), you can easily take care of these two tasks for me. You can let me know what you find out when I arrive on Saturday. I’m not sending you any money because if you need some, you can borrow a gulden at home. Moderation is important for young people, and it seems you’re not paying enough attention to this since you had money without my knowledge, and I still don’t know where it came from. What a thing! It’s not wise for you to go to the theater right now because of the distraction it causes. The 5 florins you got from Dr. Reissig, I’ll pay back in installments every month on time. But enough of this! Misguided as you’ve been, it wouldn’t hurt for you to embrace simplicity and truth, as my heart has been so deeply hurt by your deceitful actions that it’s hard to forget. Even if I were willing to endure such a heavy burden without complaint, if you treat others the same way, you won’t ever earn anyone’s love. As God is my witness, I can think of nothing but you, my bothersome brother, and the awful family I’m stuck with. May God hear my prayer, for I can never trust you again!

Your Father, alas!
Yet fortunately not your Father.
Your dad, unfortunately!
But luckily, not your dad.

422.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

Baden, June 9, 1825.
Baden, June 9, 1825.

I wish you at least to come here on Sundays. In vain do I ask for an answer. God help you and me!
I hope you'll at least come here on Sundays. I keep asking for a response, but it’s no use. God help you and me!

As ever,
Your attached
FATHER.
As always,
Your attachment
DAD.

I have written to Herr v. Reissig to desire you to come here on Sundays. The calèche leaves his house at six o'clock, from the Kugel, auf der Wieden. You have only to work and study a little in advance, to lose nothing. I regret being obliged to cause you this annoyance; you are to return the same afternoon at five o'clock, with the calèche. Your place is already paid for; you can shave here in the morning, and a shirt and neckcloth will be ready for you, so that you may arrive at the right time.
I've written to Mr. v. Reissig asking you to come here on Sundays. The calèche leaves his house at six o'clock, from the Kugel, auf der Wieden. You just need to do a bit of work and study ahead of time, so you won’t miss anything. I'm sorry to put you through this inconvenience; you'll be coming back the same afternoon at five o'clock with the calèche. Your seat is already paid for; you can shave here in the morning, and a shirt and necktie will be ready for you, so you can arrive on time.

Farewell. If I reproach you it is not without good cause, and it would be hard to have sacrificed so much, merely to bestow a commonplace man on the world. I hope to see you without fail.
Farewell. If I'm criticizing you, it's for a good reason, and it would be tough to have given up so much, just to introduce a mediocre person to the world. I hope to see you for sure.

If the intrigues are already matured, say so frankly (and naturally), and you will find one who will always be true to the good cause. The lodging A. was again advertised in the paper on Tuesday; could you not have arranged about this? You might at all events have done so through some one else, or by writing, if you were at all indisposed. I should much prefer not moving, if I were not compelled to do so. You know my mode of living here, and it is far worse in this cold stormy weather. My continued solitude only still further enfeebles me, and really my weakness often amounts to a swoon. Oh! do not further grieve me, for the scythe of Death will grant me no long delay!
If the plans are already set, just say so honestly (and naturally), and you'll find someone who will always support the right cause. The apartment A. was advertised again in the paper on Tuesday; couldn't you have taken care of this? You could have at least done it through someone else or by writing if you were feeling unwell. I would much rather not move if I didn't have to. You know how I live here, and it's much worse in this cold, stormy weather. My ongoing isolation only weakens me more, and honestly, my weakness sometimes feels like I'm about to faint. Oh! Please don’t make me any sadder, because Death’s scythe won’t keep me around much longer!

If I could find a good lodging in the Alleengasse, I would at once engage it.
If I could find a good place to stay on Alleengasse, I would book it right away.

423.

Tuesday Morning.
Tuesday Morning.

MY DEAR SON,--
MY DEAR SON, --

The two patterns, one placed at the top and the other below, each 21 florins, seem to me the best; the landlord can advise you. For the trousers 88--4-1/2. I enclose 62 florins W.W. 30 kreutzers. Give me an exact account of how you spend this money, for it was hard to earn; still it is not worth while, for the sake of a florin a yard, not to select the best material; so choose, or get some one to choose for you, the best of the two at 21 florins. Order the highest quality for your trousers also; remember you ought never to wear your best clothes at home; no matter who comes, you need never be well dressed in the house.^[1] The moment you come home change your good clothes, and be at your ease in those set aside for the purpose. Farewell.
The two patterns, one at the top and the other below, each costing 21 florins, seem like the best options to me; the landlord can help you with this. For the trousers, it’s 88--4-1/2. I’m sending 62 florins and 30 kreutzers. Please give me a detailed account of how you spend this money, because it was hard-earned; however, it’s not worth it to skimp on quality just to save a florin per yard, so choose the best option, or have someone choose for you, from the two that are 21 florins each. Also, make sure to order the highest quality for your trousers; remember, you should never wear your best clothes at home; no matter who visits, you don’t need to be dressed up in the house.^[1] As soon as you get home, change out of your good clothes and relax in those set aside for comfort. Take care.

Your attached
FATHER.
Your attached
DAD.

P.S. The creature went off yesterday and has not returned; we shall see how this turns out. The old beast was determined to be off, being like a restless wild animal devoid of purpose or reason. May Heaven have pity on me! The new cooking began yesterday.
P.S. The creature left yesterday and hasn't come back; we'll see how this ends up. The old beast was set on leaving, acting like a restless wild animal without a purpose or reason. May Heaven have mercy on me! The new cooking started yesterday.

[Footnote 1: See Weber's narrative in his Biography, Vol. II. 510. "The square Cyclopean figure was attired in a shabby coat with torn sleeves."]
[Footnote 1: See Weber's narrative in his Biography, Vol. II. 510. "The square Cyclopean figure was wearing a worn-out coat with ripped sleeves."]

424.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

Baden, June 15.
Baden, June 15th.

MY DEAR SON,--
MY DEAR SON,

I hope you received the 62 florins 30 kreutzers. If you wish to order trousers of the same cloth, do so. You probably chose that at 25 florins, and on such occasions the best quality should not be rejected for the sake of a couple of florins. You may also order two pairs of trousers of the gray cloth. You must let me know the amount of the tailor's bill, &c., &c., which shall be paid by me. "Let not thy left hand know what thy right hand doeth." Such is the sentiment of noble-minded men. You have, alas! only yourself to blame for my being forced to draw your attention to this. Do not forget to call on Riess (??). May Aurora not only awaken you but speed your industry.
I hope you received the 62 florins and 30 kreutzers. If you want to order trousers made from the same fabric, feel free to do so. You probably selected that at 25 florins, and in these situations, you shouldn’t compromise on quality just to save a few florins. You can also order two pairs of trousers made from the gray fabric. You need to let me know the total of the tailor’s bill, etc., which I will pay. "Let not your left hand know what your right hand is doing." That’s the mindset of noble-minded individuals. Unfortunately, you can only blame yourself for forcing me to bring this up. Don’t forget to visit Riess (??). May Aurora not only wake you up but also boost your productivity.

Now for my every-day household matters. The maid came indeed, but is not to remain; in the mean time I have spoken pretty plainly to the old woman, so far as it is possible to speak to such people.
Now for my everyday household issues. The maid did come, but she won’t be staying; in the meantime, I’ve been quite straightforward with the old woman, as much as it’s possible to talk to people like her.

But let us say no more of all this bedevilment. My brother Asinanio has written to me. What I find most trying of all is being alone at dinner, and it is really surprising that I can write to you even tolerably from here. Possibly I may come to town on Saturday, and if so you will perhaps drive out here with me at six o'clock in the evening?
But let's not dwell on all this trouble anymore. My brother Asinanio has written to me. What I find most frustrating is being alone at dinner, and it's honestly surprising that I can write to you even decently from here. I might come to town on Saturday, and if so, maybe you'll drive out here with me at six o'clock in the evening?

Now farewell, my darling! deserve this name. Retain what money you require; anything you want shall be purchased for you when I come in. I embrace you, and hope you will be my good, studious, noble son.
Now goodbye, my dear! You deserve this title. Keep whatever money you need; anything you want will be bought for you when I return. I hug you, and I hope you will be my good, dedicated, noble son.

Now as ever, your attached
FATHER.
Now and always, your attached
FATHER.

I should like to know that you received the money safely. Did the Correpetitor come?
I would like to know if you received the money safely. Did the Correpetitor show up?

425.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

MY DEAR SON,--
MY DEAR SON,

I send you herewith the 90 florins. Get a written receipt from the landlady to prevent all mistakes afterwards; this is the invariable custom with those still under the control of guardians. My wafers are done; cannot you manage to send me a box in some way or other? Acknowledge the receipt of the money at once. God bless you! Do all you possibly can to rid me of that old demon.
I’m sending you the 90 florins. Please get a written receipt from the landlady to avoid any issues later; this is standard practice for those still under guardianship. My wafers are ready; can you somehow send me a box? Please confirm that you received the money right away. God bless you! Do everything you can to help me get rid of that old demon.

Do not involve yourself in any clandestine doings with my brother; above all do nothing clandestine towards me; towards your attached father. Goodnight. Farewell! farewell! The old witch and Satan and I?!
Do not get involved in any secret activities with my brother; especially don’t do anything secretive with me; your devoted father. Goodnight. Goodbye! Goodbye! The old witch and Satan and I?!

426.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

I rejoice, my dear son, that you take pleasure in this new sphere, and such being the case you must zealously strive to acquire what is necessary for it. I did not recognize your writing; I indeed look only to the sense and meaning, but you must now attain some outward elegance also. If it is too hard a task for you to come here, give it up; but if you can by any possibility do so, I shall rejoice in my desert home to have a feeling heart near me. If you do come, the housekeeper will settle that you leave Vienna at five o'clock, which leaves you ample time for your studies.
I'm so glad, my dear son, that you're enjoying this new environment. Since that's the case, you really need to work hard to gain what's necessary for it. I didn’t recognize your writing; I usually focus on the sense and meaning, but you also need to achieve some outward elegance now. If it's too difficult for you to come here, then don’t worry about it; but if there's any way you can make it, I would be so happy to have a caring heart nearby in my quiet home. If you do come, the housekeeper will arrange for you to leave Vienna at five o'clock, which gives you plenty of time for your studies.

I embrace you cordially.
I warmly embrace you.

Your attached
FATHER.
Your attached
DAD.

P.S. Don't forget to bring the "Morgenblatt" and Ries's letter.^[1]
P.S. Remember to bring the "Morgenblatt" and Ries's letter.^[1]

[Footnote 1: A letter from Ries of this date, in the Fischhof'sche Handschrift, is of sufficient interest to be given here at full length:--
[Footnote 1: A letter from Ries dated this day, in the Fischhof'sche Handschrift, is interesting enough to be included here in its entirety:--

Godesberg, June 9, 1825.
Godesberg, June 9, 1825.

Dearest Beethoven,--I returned a few days ago from Aix-la-Chapelle, and feel the greatest pleasure in telling you that your new Symphony [the 9th] was executed with the most extraordinary precision, and received with the greatest applause. It was a hard nut to crack, and the last day I rehearsed the finale alone for three hours; but I in particular, and all the others, were fully rewarded by the performance. It is a work beside which no other can stand, and had you written nothing but this you would have gained immortality. Whither will you lead us?
Dear Beethoven, -- I just got back a few days ago from Aix-la-Chapelle, and I’m thrilled to tell you that your new Symphony [the 9th] was performed with incredible precision and received a tremendous amount of applause. It was a tough challenge, and on the last day, I rehearsed the finale alone for three hours; but I, especially, along with everyone else, felt that the performance made it all worthwhile. It's a masterpiece that stands alone, and if you had created nothing else but this, you would have achieved immortality. Where will you take us next?

As it will interest you to hear something of the performance, I will now briefly describe it. The orchestra and choruses consisted of 422 persons, and many very distinguished people among them. The first day commenced with a new Symphony of mine, and afterwards Handel's Alexander's Feast. The second day began with your new Symphony, followed by the Davide Penitente of Mozart, the overture to the Flaute Magico, and the Mount of Olives. The applause of the public was almost terrific. I had been in Aix-la-Chapelle from the 3d of May on purpose to conduct the rehearsals, and as a mark of the satisfaction and enthusiasm of the public, I was called forward at the close of the performance, when an ode and a laurel crown were presented to me by a lady (a very pretty one too), and at the same moment another poem and a shower of flowers followed from the upper boxes. All was pleasure and contentment, and every one says that this is the finest of the seven Whitsuntide festivals held here.
Since you might want to hear about the performance, I’ll briefly describe it. The orchestra and choirs had 422 members, including many distinguished individuals. The first day kicked off with a new Symphony of mine, followed by Handel's Alexander's Feast. The second day started with your new Symphony, then Mozart's Davide Penitente, the overture to the Flaute Magico, and Mount of Olives. The audience's applause was overwhelming. I had been in Aix-la-Chapelle since May 3rd to conduct the rehearsals, and as a sign of the audience's satisfaction and excitement, I was called up at the end of the performance. A lady (who was quite beautiful) presented me with an ode and a laurel crown, and at the same time, another poem and a shower of flowers came from the upper boxes. Everyone was joyful and content, and everyone says this is the best of the seven Whitsuntide festivals held here.

I cannot sufficiently lament that your other music arrived too late to make use of it. It was indeed utterly impossible to do so. I herewith send you, my dear friend, a check for 40 Louis d'or on Heppenmayer & Co. in Vienna, according to our agreement, and beg you will acknowledge the receipt, that I may settle everything relating to Aix-la-Chapelle.
I can't express enough how sorry I am that your other music arrived too late for me to use it. It was honestly impossible to do so. I'm sending you, my dear friend, a check for 40 Louis d'or on Heppenmayer & Co. in Vienna, as we agreed, and I kindly ask you to confirm you received it so I can settle everything related to Aix-la-Chapelle.

I am glad that you have not accepted any engagement in England. If you choose to reside there, you must previously take measures to ensure your finding your account in it. From the Theatre alone Rossini got £2500. If the English wish to do anything at all remarkable for you, they must combine, so that it may be well worth your while to go there. You are sure to receive enough of applause, and marks of homage, but you have had plenty of these during your whole life. May all happiness attend you. Dear Beethoven, yours ever,
I’m glad you haven’t accepted any offers in England. If you decide to live there, you need to make sure it’s going to be worth your while. Rossini earned £2500 just from the theater. If the English want to do something noteworthy for you, they need to work together so it’s genuinely worth your time to go. You’ll definitely get a lot of applause and recognition, but you’ve received plenty of that throughout your life. Wishing you all the happiness. Dear Beethoven, always yours,

FERDINAND RIES.]
FERDINAND RIES.

427.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

Baden, June 28, 1825.
Baden, June 28, 1825.

MY DEAR SON,--
MY DEAR SON,---

As in this heat you may perhaps wish to bathe, I send you two more florins. You must be careful to take a written receipt from those to whom you pay money; for that errors do occur is proved by the blue cloth, and the three florins for the looking-glass. You are a thorough Viennese, and although I do not expect you to become a W.W. (depreciated Vienna currency), still it is no disgrace at your age to give an exact account of all that you receive, as no one is considered to be of age till five and twenty, and even if you had property of your own, you would be obliged to account for it to your guardian at your present years. Let us not refer to the past; it would be easy to do so, but only cause me pain; at last it would come to this, "You are indeed a first-rate guardian," &c. If you had any depth of feeling you would have acted very differently in most things.
As it’s really hot, you might want to take a bath, so I’m sending you two more florins. Just make sure to get a written receipt from anyone you pay; mistakes can happen, as shown by the blue cloth and the three florins for the mirror. You're a true Viennese, and while I don't expect you to become a W.W. (devalued Vienna currency), it’s not a shame at your age to keep a clear record of all you receive, since no one is considered an adult until they’re twenty-five, and even if you had your own property, you’d still need to report it to your guardian at your age. Let’s not dwell on the past; it would be easy to do, but it would only upset me, and it would lead to this: "You really are a top-notch guardian," etc. If you had any real sensitivity, you would have acted very differently in many situations.

Now as to my domestic rabble; yesterday the kitchenmaid was off again and got a fresh place; the cause is difficult to discover from my old witch, who is now once more all smiles, and no longer persists in declaring that she has incurred any loss from the weekly bills; what do you think of that?
Now about my household chaos; yesterday the kitchen maid quit again and found a new job. It's hard to figure out why from my old housekeeper, who is back to being all smiles and no longer insists that she's lost any money from the weekly expenses; what do you think of that?

[The last page of this letter is an illegible fragment.]
[The last page of this letter is a blurry fragment.]

428.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

Baden.
Baden.

MY DEAR GOOD CARL,--
Dear Carl,

I have just got your letter this evening, and could not help laughing at it. It was not right in the people at Mayence to have acted thus, but since the thing has occurred, it does not signify. Our epoch requires strong minds to scourge those frivolous, contemptible, malicious beings, repulsive as it is to my feelings to cause pain to any man. Besides, I intended a mere jest, and it was far from my intention to let such a thing be printed.^[1]
I just got your letter this evening and couldn’t help but laugh at it. It wasn’t right for the people in Mayence to act this way, but since it happened, it doesn’t matter. Our time needs strong minds to deal with those trivial, despicable, malicious people, even though it pains me to hurt anyone. Besides, I was just joking, and I never meant for something like this to be published.^[1]

You must ascertain instantly from a magistrate the proper mode of converting the Bank obligations into Rothschild's Austrian Loan, that you may get the authority from a magistrate (not from the Court of those pseudo-guardians!)
You need to quickly find out from a magistrate the right way to turn the Bank obligations into Rothschild's Austrian Loan so that you can get the authority from a magistrate (not from the Court of those fake guardians!)

Be good and honest; you have here an instance how people rejoice when such men are properly estimated. Be my own dear precious son, and imitate my virtues, but not my faults; still, though man is frail, do not at least have worse defects than those of
Be good and honest; here’s an example of how people celebrate when such individuals are truly appreciated. Be my beloved son and follow my virtues, but not my flaws; still, even though everyone has weaknesses, try not to have worse faults than those of

Your sincere and fondly attached
FATHER.
Your loving and cherished
DAD.

Write to me about the conversation on Sunday--it is of the Court, courtly, so you must be on your guard. Holz did not come to-day; whether he is trustworthy I cannot say.
Write to me about the conversation on Sunday--it is about the Court, courtly, so you need to be cautious. Holz didn't come today; I can't say if he's reliable.

[Footnote 1: There is no doubt that he alludes to the severe castigation of Haslinger in No. 405 and the canonization of the two others. See also No. 440, which shows that there was something amiss with Haslinger.]
[Footnote 1: It's clear that he refers to Haslinger's harsh criticism in No. 405 and the canonization of the other two. Also, see No. 440, which indicates that there was something off with Haslinger.]

429.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

To-day is Friday, to-morrow Saturday.
Today is Friday, tomorrow Saturday.

Here comes Satanas. To-day her raging fury and madness have somewhat subsided, but if she applies to you, refer her to me the day after to-morrow. During the whole week I was forced to submit and to suffer like a saint. Avaunt! such dregs of the people! What a reproach to our civilization to stand in need of a class like this, and to have those whom we despise so constantly near us. Go with her to-morrow as formerly to the Carolin Thor about the Seltzer water; if the small bottles are as genuine as the larger ones, order some of them, but I think the larger size are more likely to be the safest; ce dépend de votre esprit, votre distinction, &c. Now farewell, my dear son; take care to get me the genuine, and not the artificial Seltzer water, and go yourself to see about it, or I might get Heaven knows what! Farewell again, my good fellow; we are well affected towards you, and shall expect you the day after to-morrow at eight o'clock. Breakfast shall be ready for you, if that early meal does not become as usual a late meal. Ah! au diable avec ces grands coquins de neveux, allez-vous en, soyez mon fils, mon fils bien aimé. Adieu; je vous baise, votre père sincère comme toujours.
Here comes Satanas. Today her intense anger and madness have calmed down a bit, but if she reaches out to you, send her to me the day after tomorrow. All week I had to endure and suffer like a saint. Away with such lowly people! What a shame for our civilization to need a class like this and to have those we look down on so close to us. Go with her tomorrow as before to the Carolin Thor for the Seltzer water; if the small bottles are as authentic as the larger ones, order some, but I think the larger sizes are probably the safest; ce dépend de votre esprit, votre distinction, & etc. Now goodbye, my dear son; make sure you get me the real stuff and not the fake Seltzer water, and go check on it yourself, or I might end up with who knows what! Goodbye again, my good friend; we think well of you and will expect you the day after tomorrow at eight o'clock. Breakfast will be ready for you, assuming that early meal doesn’t turn into a late one like usual. Ah! to hell with those big rogue nephews, go away, be my son, my beloved son. Goodbye; I kiss you, your sincere father as always.

430.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

The old goose is the bearer of this. She has given you the quills, and you have again told an untruth. Alas! farewell. I await your report about the book. She is going to-day to Katel, so she will have very little time for her stupid blundering. May the Lord one day deliver me from her! Libera me Domine de illis, &c.
The old goose is the one delivering this. She’s given you the quills, and you’ve once again spoken a lie. Alas! Goodbye. I’m waiting for your update on the book. She’s going to Katel today, so she won’t have much time for her foolish mistakes. May the Lord one day free me from her! Libera me Domine de illis, &c.

431.^[1]

DEAR SON, DEAR BOY,--
Dear Son, dear boy,---

Do not omit the point about "the happiness." I know from my experience of the late Lichnowsky, that those so-called great personages do not like to see an artist, who is at all events their equal, prosperous. Voilà le même cas, votre Altesse, sometimes in the context V.A. The address "à son Altesse Monseigneur le Prince," &c., &c. We cannot tell whether he may have that weakness or not. A blank sheet ought to follow with my signature. You might add that he must not regard the newspaper trash, the writers of which, if I chose, would loudly trumpet forth my merits. The Quartet did indeed fail the first time that it was played by Schuppanzigh; for on account of his corpulence he requires more time than formerly to decipher a piece at a glance, and many other circumstances concurred in preventing its success, which were indeed predicted by me; for although Schuppanzigh and two others receive pensions from royal personages [Rasumowsky], their quartet-playing is not what it was when all four were in the habit of constantly playing together. On the other hand, it has been six times performed in the most admirable manner by other artists, and received with the greatest applause; it was played twice over in one evening, and then again after supper. A violinist of the name of Böhm means also to give it at his benefit, and I must now let many others have it.
Do not leave out the part about "the happiness." From my experience with the late Lichnowsky, those so-called great figures don’t like to see an artist, who is at least their equal, doing well. Voilà le même cas, votre Altesse, sometimes in the context V.A. The address "à son Altesse Monseigneur le Prince," etc., etc. We can’t know whether he has that weakness or not. A blank sheet should follow with my signature. You might mention that he shouldn’t pay attention to the nonsense in the newspapers; the writers of which, if I wanted, could loudly proclaim my talents. The Quartet did indeed falter the first time it was performed by Schuppanzigh; because of his weight, he needs more time than before to quickly understand a piece, and many other factors contributed to its lack of success, which I had actually predicted; for even though Schuppanzigh and two others receive pensions from royal figures [Rasumowsky], their quartet performances aren’t what they used to be when all four regularly played together. On the other hand, it has been performed six times in the most excellent manner by other artists and met with great applause; it was played twice in one evening and then again after dinner. A violinist named Böhm also plans to perform it at his benefit, and I must now allow many others to have it.

Mention the Grand Quartet in your letter to Peters at Leipzig; lose no time about this, and desire him to send me an early reply. Mischances of this kind cannot well be avoided, and we must appear rather coy. Seal the enclosed letter to my brother and send it to the post. Desire the tailor in the Kärntnerstrasse to get lining for trousers for me, and to make them long and without straps, one pair to be of kerseymere and the other of cloth. The great-coat can be fetched from Wolf's. The shoemaker's shop is in the "Stadt" in the Spiegelgasse, in front when coming from the Graben. His name is Magnus Senn, at the Stadthaus, No. 1093. Call on Hönigstein [a banker] and be candid, that we may really know how this wretch has acted; it would be wise to ascertain this before the letter to Galitzin is sent off. It is probable that something else may be found for you this winter, but we can talk over the matter. Before coming here on Saturday call on Zinbrachen in the Naglergasse about the knives, which you can send at once; the old woman made a fine mess of it! When driving home yesterday I met Clement, Holz, Linke, and Rtschaschek [Rzehatschek] in Neudorf; they had all been to call on me while I was in town. They wish to have the Quartet again. Holz drove straight back here from Neudorf and supped with me in the evening, when I gave him the Quartet to take back with him.
Mention the Grand Quartet in your letter to Peters in Leipzig; don't delay on this, and ask him to reply to me as soon as possible. These kinds of mix-ups are hard to avoid, and we have to be a bit reserved. Seal the enclosed letter to my brother and send it out. Ask the tailor on Kärntnerstrasse to get lining for trousers for me, and to make them long and without straps, one pair in kerseymere and the other in cloth. You can pick up the great coat from Wolf's. The shoemaker's shop is in "Stadt" on Spiegelgasse, right in front when coming from Graben. His name is Magnus Senn at Stadthaus, No. 1093. Visit Hönigstein [a banker] and be honest, so we can really know how this scoundrel has behaved; it would be smart to find this out before sending the letter to Galitzin. It's likely that something else will come up for you this winter, but we can discuss it. Before coming here on Saturday, stop by Zinbrachen in Naglergasse about the knives, which you can send right away; the old woman made a real mess of it! When I was driving home yesterday, I ran into Clement, Holz, Linke, and Rzehatschek in Neudorf; they had all come by to see me while I was in town. They want the Quartet again. Holz drove straight back here from Neudorf and had dinner with me in the evening, when I gave him the Quartet to take back with him.

The attachment of genuine artists is not to be despised, and cannot be otherwise than gratifying.
The connection of real artists should not be underestimated and is truly rewarding.

Let me hear from you as soon as you have spoken with Hönigstein; write the dedication of the Overture in C [Op. 124] to Galitzin. If the H.'s undertake to forward it, give it to them, but look sharp about it. God be with you, my dear son; I shall expect a letter from you without fail. May God bless you and me. The end must soon come of your attached father. Good-by, you scamp!
Let me know as soon as you’ve talked to Hönigstein; write the dedication for the Overture in C [Op. 124] to Galitzin. If the H.’s are willing to send it, give it to them, but be quick about it. God be with you, my dear son; I’ll be waiting for a letter from you no matter what. May God bless you and me. The end must be coming soon for your devoted father. Goodbye, you rascal!

N.B. Do not forget in your letter to Galitzin to mention that the Overture is already announced and about to appear, engraved and dedicated to him.
N.B. Don't forget to mention in your letter to Galitzin that the Overture has already been announced and is about to be published, engraved, and dedicated to him.

[Footnote 1: He refers to Prince Boris Gallizin and the Quartets he had ordered. The production of the first of them in E flat major had been a failure. See No. 399.]
[Footnote 1: He refers to Prince Boris Gallizin and the Quartets he had ordered. The production of the first one in E flat major was a failure. See No. 399.]

432.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

MY DEAR SON,--
My dear son,

Send this letter at once to my pseudo-brother, and add something yourself. It is impossible to permit this to continue any longer; no soup to-day, no beef, no eggs, and at last broiled meat from the inn!
Send this letter immediately to my pseudo-brother, and add something from yourself. We can't let this go on any longer; no soup today, no beef, no eggs, and finally broiled meat from the inn!

When Holz was with me lately, there was really almost nothing to eat at supper; and such is the woman's bold and insolent behavior, that I have told her to-day I will not suffer her to remain beyond the end of the month. No more to-day. All that is necessary about the magistrate is for me to write a note authorizing you to draw the money, but it would be as well were you to take the opportunity of asking what you are to do about converting the bank shares into a share in Rothschild's Loan. I shall say nothing further, except that I always look on you as my dear son, and one who deserves to be so. Little as I require what nourishes the body, as you know, still the present state of things is really too bad, besides being every moment in danger of being poisoned.
When Holz was with me recently, there was almost nothing to eat for dinner; and the woman's bold and disrespectful behavior has led me to tell her today that I won't allow her to stay past the end of the month. That's all for today. All I need to do regarding the magistrate is write a note authorizing you to access the funds, but it would also be wise for you to take the chance to ask what you should do about converting the bank shares into a share in Rothschild's Loan. I won't say more, except that I always view you as my dear son, and you truly deserve that title. Little as I need to nourish my body, as you know, the current situation is really too much, not to mention the constant risk of being poisoned.

Farewell! Be careful, my dear son, of your health in this heat; I trust you will continue well. Shun all that may enervate or diminish your youthful energies. Farewell! A pleasant talk together would be far better than all this writing. Ever your loving and attached father, who fondly presses you to his heart.
Farewell! Take care of your health in this heat, my dear son; I hope you’re doing well. Avoid anything that might weaken or drain your youthful energy. Goodbye! Having a nice conversation would be much better than all this writing. Always your loving and devoted father, who holds you close to his heart.

433.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

MY DEAR SON,--
MY DEAR SON, --

The enclosed will show you all. Write this letter to Schlesinger.
The enclosed document will show you everything. Please write this letter to Schlesinger.

To ---- Schlesinger, Berlin,
Emporium of Art and Science.
To ---- Schlesinger, Berlin,
Emporium of Art and Science.

You can couch some things in better terms. I think we may calculate on 80 ducats. If indispensable, delay the letter to Galitzin, but be sure to dispatch the one to Schlesinger on Saturday. I suppose you received the packet? I beg you will bring me some shaving-soap, and at least one pair of razors; the man who grinds them gets 2 florins. You will know if anything is to be paid. Now pray practise economy, for you certainly receive too much money. All in vain--a Viennese will always be a Viennese! I rejoiced when I could assist my poor parents; what a contrast are you in your conduct towards me! Thriftless boy, farewell!
You can phrase some things better. I think we can expect about 80 ducats. If it's necessary, delay the letter to Galitzin, but make sure to send the one to Schlesinger on Saturday. I assume you got the package? Please bring me some shaving soap and at least one pair of razors; the guy who sharpens them charges 2 florins. You'll know if there's anything else to pay. Now please be careful with your spending, because you definitely get too much money. All in vain—a Viennese will always be a Viennese! I was happy when I could help my poor parents; what a difference in how you treat me! Spendthrift boy, goodbye!

Your attached
FATHER.
Your attachment
DAD.

Bring the newspaper with you. You have a great deal to do this time. You no doubt will write before Sunday. Do not flatter that wretch ----. He is a miserable, weak-minded fellow. I embrace you. My health is no better.
Bring the newspaper with you. You have a lot to do this time. You’ll definitely be writing before Sunday. Don’t flatter that loser ----. He’s a miserable, weak-minded guy. I’m sending you hugs. My health is not any better.

434.
TO HIS BROTHER JOHANN,--GNEIXENDORF.

Baden, July 13, 1825.
Baden, July 13, 1825.

MY WORTHY BROTHER,--
MY VALUED BROTHER,--

As you have taken such good care of the book, I beg you will take equal care that it be returned to the proprietor here. Another pretty business! As to your wish that I should come to see you, I long ago fully explained myself on that point; so I request that you will never again allude to the subject, for you will find me as immovable as ever. Pray spare me all details, as I am unwilling to repeat what is disagreeable. You are happy, and it is my desire that you should be so; continue thus, for every one is best in his own sphere.
As you've taken such good care of the book, I ask that you also make sure it gets returned to the owner here. What a hassle! Regarding your desire to see me, I've already made my feelings clear on that; so please don't bring it up again, because I'm just as set in my decision as always. Please spare me the details, as I don't want to go over anything unpleasant. You're happy, and I want that for you; keep it up, because everyone is happiest in their own sphere.

I only once made use of your lodgings, but the baking-oven nearly made me ill, so I did not go again; as I have now a lodging of my own, it is not probable that I shall even once make use of the room you offer me. When you write, be sure to seal your letters, and address them to the care of Carl, in Vienna, as such letters cost a great deal here. I once more urge you to restore the book belonging to the machinist, an dem Graben, for such occurrences are really almost incredible, and place me in no small embarrassment. So the book! the book! to be sent to Carl in Vienna with all possible haste and speed. Farewell, most worthy brother! Yours,
I only used your place once, but the oven almost made me sick, so I didn’t go back; since I now have my own place, it’s unlikely that I’ll even use the room you’re offering. When you write, make sure to seal your letters and address them to Carl in Vienna, as such letters cost a lot here. I urge you again to return the book that belongs to the machinist, an dem Graben, because these incidents are really hard to believe and put me in a tough spot. So the book! The book! It needs to be sent to Carl in Vienna as quickly as possible. Goodbye, my dear brother! Yours,

LUDWIG.
LUDWIG.

435.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

Baden, July 15.
Baden, July 15th.

MY DEAR SON,--
MY DEAR SON,--

In your letter to Schlesinger don't forget to ask whether Prince Radziwill is in Berlin. As to the 80 ducats, you can also write that they may be paid in Conventionsgulden, at only 4 florins 30 kreutzers to the ducat; but I leave this entirely to yourself, though gold ducats would not be too much from one who has the right of publishing in England and also in France. You must be quite decided too with respect to the four months' bill. A. Mayseder receives 50 ducats for a set of violin variations! Do not fail to call attention to the fact that my bad health and other circumstances constrain me to look more closely after my interests than formerly. Bargaining is odious to me, but it must be so! What are my feelings when I find myself thus alone among these men! Be sure to forward my letter to my brother, that the book may be restored--what a trick! I should have liked, too, to do all I could to benefit my hearing, and here I should have had time to do so. How melancholy to have such a brother! Alas! alas! Farewell! I embrace you from my heart.
In your letter to Schlesinger, don't forget to ask if Prince Radziwill is in Berlin. Regarding the 80 ducats, you can mention that they can be paid in Conventionsgulden, at just 4 florins 30 kreutzers per ducat; but I leave this entirely up to you, though gold ducats wouldn't be too much from someone who has the right to publish in England and France. You need to be firm about the four-month bill. A. Mayseder charges 50 ducats for a set of violin variations! Make sure to point out that my poor health and other circumstances require me to pay more attention to my interests than before. I find bargaining unpleasant, but it has to be done! How I feel when I find myself alone among these men! Please make sure to send my letter to my brother, so the book can be returned—what a mess! I would have liked to do everything I could to improve my hearing, and I would have had the time to do so here. How sad it is to have such a brother! Alas! alas! Farewell! I embrace you from my heart.

Your attached
FATHER.
Your attached
DAD.

P.S. Do not be dilatory, and rise early. If you would rather not, pray do not come on Sunday; but at all events write, though not at present, for if you can come we can discuss all matters together.
P.S. Don’t be slow, and wake up early. If you’d rather not, please don’t come on Sunday; but definitely write, even if it’s not right now, because if you can come, we can talk about everything together.

436.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

Baden, July 18, Monday.
Baden, July 18, Monday.

MY DEAR SON,--
My dear son,--

You will see from the enclosure all that you wish to know; only observe moderation. Fortune crowns my efforts, but do not lay the foundation of misery by mistaken notions; be truthful and exact in the account of your expenses, and give up the theatre for the present. Follow the advice of your guide and father; be counselled by him whose exertions and aspirations have always been directed to your moral welfare, though without neglecting your temporal benefit.
You’ll find everything you want to know in the enclosed information; just remember to keep things in check. Luck is on my side, but don’t create misery with wrong assumptions. Be honest and precise about your spending, and avoid the theater for now. Listen to the advice of your guide and father; trust the one whose efforts and goals have always focused on your well-being, while also considering your material interests.

This Herr Thal will call on you, and he will also be at Herr Hönigstein's; you can give him the Overture if you think fit. He is to stay three weeks. You may invite him to dine here. Sunday would be best, as a certain scamp comes on that day at an early hour, in a carriage that I will send for him. Pray show some amiability of manner towards this man; art and science form a link between the noblest spirits, and your future vocation^[1] by no means exempts you from this. You might take a fiacre and drive to the copyist's if you can spare time. With respect to the transcription of the Quartet, you may tell him that I write very differently now, much more legibly than during my illness; this Quartet must be written out twice, and I can send it at once. I have had the offer of a copyist here, but I don't know what he can do. I should be careful not to be too confidential at first with the Holz Christi, or the splinter of the Holz Christi.
This Mr. Thal will visit you, and he’ll also be at Mr. Hönigstein's; you can give him the Overture if you think it’s appropriate. He will be staying for three weeks. You might invite him to dinner here. Sunday would be best since a certain troublemaker arrives that day early, in a carriage that I will send for him. Please be somewhat friendly towards this man; art and science connect the greatest minds, and your future career ^[1] doesn’t exempt you from this. You could take a cab and drive to the copyist's if you have the time. Regarding the transcription of the Quartet, you can tell him that I write very differently now, much more clearly than I did during my illness; this Quartet needs to be copied out twice, and I can send it immediately. I've had an offer from a copyist here, but I'm not sure what he’s capable of. I should be cautious not to be too open initially with the Holz Christi or the splinter of the Holz Christi.

Write to me forthwith. Perhaps the old goose may go to Vienna the day after to-morrow. Farewell! Attend to my advice.
Write to me right away. The old goose might go to Vienna the day after tomorrow. Goodbye! Take my advice.

Your attached
FATHER,
Who cordially embraces you.
Your attached
DAD,
Who warmly embraces you.

You may possibly go to D---- with this Herr Thal; do not, however, show too much anxiety about the money.
You might go to D---- with this Mr. Thal; just don’t show too much concern about the money.

[Footnote 1: The nephew had now resolved on a commercial career, and on this account entered the Polytechnic Institution.]
[Footnote 1: The nephew had now decided to pursue a business career, so he enrolled in the Polytechnic Institution.]

437.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

MY DEAR SON,--
MY DEAR SON,

So let it be! Bring G----'s letter with you, for I have scarcely read it myself. My Signor Fratello came the day before yesterday with his brother-in-law [see No. 435]--what a contemptible fellow! The old witch, who went almost crazy again yesterday, will bring you the answer about the book from his brother-in-law. If it does not convey a positive certainty on the subject, send this letter at once to the base creature! When Cato exclaimed, with regard to Caesar, "This man and myself!" what can be done in such a case? I don't send the letter, for it will be time enough a couple of days hence. It is too late to-day. I impress my love, as with a seal, on your affectionate attachment to me. If you are likely to miss your work by coming here, then stay where you are.
So be it! Bring G----'s letter with you, since I’ve barely read it myself. My Signor Fratello came the day before yesterday with his brother-in-law [see No. 435]—what a pathetic guy! The old witch, who nearly went crazy again yesterday, will give you the answer about the book from his brother-in-law. If it doesn't provide a sure answer on the subject, send this letter right away to that miserable person! When Cato said about Caesar, "This man and I!" what can be done in such a situation? I won't send the letter now, as it can wait a couple of days. It's too late today. I seal my love on your deep affection for me. If you think you might fall behind on your work by coming here, then just stay where you are.

As ever, your loving and anxious
FATHER.
As always, your caring and worried
DAD.

Three times over:
________________
|: Come soon! :|
Three times over:
________________
|: Hurry up! :|

438.
TO THE COPYIST.^[1]

Read violino 2do--the passage in the first Allegretto in the 1st violin--thus:--
Read violino 2do--the section in the first Allegretto in the 1st violin--like this:--

&c.
&c.

So write it in this way; in the first Allegretto, mark the signs of expression in all the four parts:
So write it like this: in the first Allegretto, indicate the expressive markings in all four parts:

The notes are all right; so do not misunderstand me.
The notes are fine, so don’t get me wrong.

Now, my good friend, as to your mode of writing--obbligatissimo; but the signs &c., are shamefully neglected, and often, very often, in the wrong place, which is no doubt owing to haste. For Heaven's sake impress on Kempel [a copyist] to copy everything just as it stands; look carefully over my present corrections, and you will find all that you have to say to him. When is put over a note, is not to take its place, and vice versa. It is not the same thing to write and . The are often purposely placed after the notes. For instance:-- . The ties to be just as they are now placed. It is not synonymous to write or thus . Such is our will and pleasure! I have passed no less than the whole forenoon to-day, and yesterday afternoon, in correcting these two pieces, and I am actually quite hoarse from stamping and swearing.
Now, my good friend, regarding your writing style—thank you very much; but the markings &c., are seriously overlooked and often, very often, in the wrong spots, which is undoubtedly due to rush. For heaven's sake, urge Kempel [a copyist] to copy everything exactly as it is; carefully review my current corrections, and you will find everything you need to tell him. When is placed over a note, should not replace it, and vice versa. Writing is not the same as writing . The are often intentionally placed after the notes. For example:-- . The ties should remain exactly as they are now. It's not the same to write or like this . That is our wish and desire! I spent no less than the entire morning today, and yesterday afternoon, correcting these two pieces, and I'm actually quite hoarse from fussing and complaining.

In haste, yours,
BEETHOVEN.
Best, BEETHOVEN.

Pray excuse me for to-day, as it is just four o'clock. [The close of this letter has not been deciphered by its possessor, who has traced over the hieroglyphics with a pencil; it reads somewhat to this effect, "to go to Carl at four o'clock. We were much amused," &c.]
Please excuse me for today, as it is just four o'clock. [The end of this letter hasn't been read by its owner, who has traced over the hieroglyphics with a pencil; it reads something like, "to go to Carl at four o'clock. We were really amused," &c.]

[Footnote 1: This letter is evidently written about the same time that the copying of the A minor Quartet (Op. 132) took place, of which the letter treats, and is probably "the enclosure" named in the following note. The corrections, or we ought rather to say revisions, of Beethoven, are all fully and accurately reproduced, at all events in Breitkopf & Härtel's edition.]
[Footnote 1: This letter was clearly written around the same time that the copying of the A minor Quartet (Op. 132) happened, which the letter discusses, and is likely "the enclosure" referred to in the subsequent note. The corrections, or rather revisions, made by Beethoven are all fully and accurately reproduced, at least in the Breitkopf & Härtel edition.]

439.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

Tuesday, August 2.
Tuesday, August 2nd.

MY DEAR SON,--
MY DEAR SON,--

Send the enclosed to-morrow morning (Wednesday) to the post; as it refers to corrections, haste is absolutely necessary. We must have done with this evil old creature! I have scarcely enough to eat, and am forced also to endure the sauciness and insolence of this most malicious old witch--and with such wages too! I think I must ask my pseudo-brother to come, and would be glad to engage again the woman from Winter's, in the Kothgasse, who at least knew how to cook.
Send the enclosed tomorrow morning (Wednesday) to the post; since it’s about corrections, haste is absolutely necessary. We need to be done with this evil old creature! I can barely find enough to eat and have to deal with the arrogance and rudeness of this most malicious old witch—and with such low pay too! I think I should ask my pseudo-brother to come, and I’d be happy to hire the woman from Winter’s in Kothgasse again, who at least knew how to cook.

Write me a few lines to-morrow, and direct here. I send you another florin. Do not neglect your bathing; continue well, and guard against illness. Spend your money on good objects alone. Be my dear son! What a frightful discord would it be, were you to prove false to me, as many persons maintain that you already are! May God bless you!
Write me a few lines tomorrow and send them here. I'm sending you another florin. Don't forget to take care of your bathing; keep up your health, and be careful of illness. Spend your money on good things only. Be my dear son! How terrible it would be if you were to be untrue to me, as many people say you already are! May God bless you!

Your attached
FATHER.
Your attachment
DAD.

N.B. Send off the letter to-morrow (Wednesday). I have heard nothing as yet of the knives, and my made pens also begin to fail.
N.B. Send the letter tomorrow (Wednesday). I haven't heard anything yet about the knives, and my homemade pens are starting to run out too.

440.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

Baden, August
Baden, August

MY DEAR SON,--
MY DEAR SON,--

I am in mortal anxiety about the Quartet--namely, the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth parts, that Holz took away, while the first bars of the third movement have been left here; the number of these sheets is 13. I hear nothing of Holz. I wrote to him yesterday, and he is not usually remiss in writing. What a sad business it will be if he has lost it! He drinks hard, entre nous. Tranquillize me on this point as quickly as possible. You can find out Linke's lodgings from Haslinger; he was here to-day and very friendly, and brought some of the sheets and other things, and begged hard for the new quartets. Never interfere in this kind of business; it can only lead to what is unpleasant. For Heaven's sake pacify me about the Quartet--a serious loss. The sketch is only written on small fragments of paper, and I could not manage to write out the whole exactly from these.
I’m really worried about the Quartet—specifically, the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth parts that Holz took away, while the first bars of the third movement are still here; there are 13 sheets in total. I haven't heard anything from Holz. I wrote to him yesterday, and he usually responds quickly. It would be such a disaster if he’s lost it! He drinks heavily, entre nous. Please reassure me about this as soon as you can. You can check with Haslinger to find out Linke’s address; he was here today and very friendly, and he brought some of the sheets and other things, pleading for the new quartets. Don’t get involved in this kind of situation; it can only lead to problems. For Heaven's sake, calm my nerves about the Quartet—it’s a serious loss. The sketch is only written on small scraps of paper, and I couldn’t manage to fully transcribe it from those.

Your attached
FATHER.
Your attached
DAD.

I must remind you that next Sunday and Monday are holidays, so that you may arrange accordingly. On this occasion you could perhaps, when I come in, return with me here on Saturday evening, which would give you the whole of Sunday morning to yourself.
I need to remind you that next Sunday and Monday are holidays, so please plan accordingly. On this occasion, you might want to come back with me here on Saturday evening when I arrive, which would give you all of Sunday morning to yourself.

441.
TO ZMESKALL.

1825.
1825

MY GOOD FRIEND,--
MY GOOD FRIEND,--

I had scarcely got home when I bethought me of the stuff I may have written yesterday. Give the enclosed to Kuhlau; you know all the rest. Write to me as soon as possible, or come here, next Thursday being a holiday, but write beforehand. Ask if the cook understands anything about game, that she may take the command of my game preserves for me. As to Carl, it would be better for him to tell me about it at the Atrapper at Rosen. All this prestissimo! As for my friendship, think of me always as Cantum firmum. Farewell!
I had barely gotten home when I remembered the stuff I might have written yesterday. Please give the enclosed to Kuhlau; you know the rest. Write to me as soon as you can, or come here next Thursday since it's a holiday, but please write first. Ask if the cook knows anything about game so she can manage my game preserves for me. As for Carl, it would be better for him to tell me about it at the Atrapper at Rosen. All this prestissimo! As for my friendship, always think of me as Cantum firmum. Farewell!

Ever your friend,
BEETHOVEN.
Always your friend,
BEETHOVEN.

442.
TO HERR FRIEDRICH KUHLAU.

Baden, September 3, 1825.
Baden, Sept 3, 1825.

I must admit that the champagne went a little to my head yesterday, and I learned once more from experience, that such things rather prostrate than promote my energies; for, though able to respond fluently at the moment, still I can no longer recall what I wrote yesterday.
I have to confess that the champagne went to my head a bit yesterday, and I learned again from experience that it tends to wear me out rather than boost my energy; because, even though I was able to write smoothly at the time, I still can't remember what I wrote yesterday.

Sometimes bear in mind your attached
Sometimes bear in mind your attached

BEETHOVEN.
BEETHOVEN.

443.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

September 6, 1825.
September 6, 1825.

MY DEAR SON,--
MY DEAR SON,--

I see perfectly well how troublesome it would be for you all to come here; we must therefore make an appointment to meet every Friday at Schlesinger's, when I will come to town; for, in case any thing goes amiss, I must be present. This is the best plan, and settles the affair. He was here yesterday, and said that he would pay for the Quintet as soon as you sent it to him.
I completely understand how inconvenient it would be for all of you to come here; so we need to schedule a meeting every Friday at Schlesinger's, when I'll be in town. In case anything goes wrong, I need to be there. This is the best plan and resolves the issue. He was here yesterday and mentioned that he would pay for the Quintet as soon as you send it to him.

It will be enough if they play the new one only, but you can judge what is best. If they prefer Thursday, I can be present then. Only see that they come to an arrangement as quickly as possible, so that the money may be transmitted to Peters in Leipzig, to whom, however, you must on no account allude. Schlesinger scarcely expects to be still in Vienna on Sunday; haste is therefore necessary. The ducats must be in gold; mention, as a precedent, that others do this.
It will be fine if they just play the new one, but you can decide what’s best. If they prefer Thursday, I can make it then. Just make sure they reach an agreement as soon as possible, so that the money can be sent to Peters in Leipzig, but you must not mention him at all. Schlesinger hardly expects to still be in Vienna on Sunday, so we need to move quickly. The ducats must be in gold; make sure to point out that others do this as a precedent.

Be sure to write to me by the old woman to-day. All I want is a rehearsal, to see whether corrections are required. Make no delays, and take care that the old woman sets off in good time. The best plan would be to fix where I am to come to in town every Friday for rehearsals. If Schlesinger has brought you the Quartet (the first), pray stand on no ceremony, for it is clear he means to pay.
Be sure to write to me through the old woman today. All I need is a rehearsal to see if any corrections are necessary. Don’t delay, and make sure the old woman leaves on time. The best plan would be to decide where I should come in town every Friday for rehearsals. If Schlesinger has brought you the first Quartet, please don’t be formal about it, as it’s clear he intends to pay.

Your letter has this moment come. So Holz is not to be here till Thursday, and who can tell whether even this is certain? Your letter changes everything, as Friday is now decided on. Holz can inform me whether we meet here or in Vienna. Our main point now is with Schlesinger, for we must delay no longer. If he is only waiting for the rehearsal, he certainly shall not have it. He said yesterday that he would not publish the quartets here; I told him it was a matter of entire indifference to me. May God bless you and keep you!
Your letter has just arrived. So Holz won't be here until Thursday, and who knows if that's even certain? Your letter changes everything, as we've now settled on Friday. Holz can let me know whether we’ll meet here or in Vienna. Our main focus now is Schlesinger, as we can't delay any longer. If he's just waiting for the rehearsal, he definitely won't get it. He said yesterday that he wouldn’t publish the quartets here; I told him I couldn’t care less. May God bless you and keep you!

Your attached
FATHER.
Your attached
DAD.

444.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

September.
September.

MY DEAR SON,--
Dear Son, --

Do not forget to give Tobias [Haslinger] the receipt together with the money. The gentleman ought to have come a little sooner; but as the affair stands, you must do as he advises. I do not wish now that you should come to me on the 19th of September. It is better to finish your studies. God has never yet forsaken me, and no doubt some one will be found to close my eyes. The whole thing seems to me to have been some artful collusion, in which my brother (pseudo) has played a part. I also know that you have no pleasure now in coming to me--which is only natural, for my atmosphere is too pure for you. Last Sunday you again borrowed 1 florin 15 kreutzers from the housekeeper, from a mean old kitchen wench,--this was already forbidden,--and it is the same in all things. I could have gone on wearing the out-of-doors coat for two years--to be sure I have the shabby custom of putting on an old coat at home--but Herr Carl! What a disgrace it would be! and why should he do so? Herr Ludwig van Beethoven's money-bags are expressly for this purpose.
Don't forget to give Tobias [Haslinger] the receipt along with the money. The gentleman should have come a little earlier, but given the situation, you need to follow his advice. I don’t want you coming to see me on the 19th of September. It’s better for you to finish your studies. God has never abandoned me, and I’m sure someone will be around to close my eyes when the time comes. It all seems to me like some clever trick, in which my brother (pseudo) has played a role. I also know that you’re not keen on visiting me anymore—which is understandable, since my atmosphere is too pure for you. Last Sunday, you borrowed 1 florin 15 kreutzers from the housekeeper again, from that mean old kitchen maid—this was already forbidden—and it’s the same with everything else. I could have continued to wear the outdoor coat for two years—it's true I have the bad habit of putting on an old coat at home—but Herr Carl! What a disgrace that would be! And why should he do that? Herr Ludwig van Beethoven's money bags are meant for this purpose.

You had better not come next Sunday, for true harmony and concord can never exist with conduct such as yours. Why such hypocrisy? Avoid it, and you will then become a better man, and not require to be deceitful nor untruthful, which will eventually benefit your moral character. Such is the impression you have made on my mind--for what avail even the most gentle reproofs? They merely serve to embitter you. But do not be uneasy; I shall continue to care for you as much as ever. What feelings were aroused in me when I again found a florin and 15 kreutzers charged in the bill!
You really shouldn’t come next Sunday, because true harmony and peace can never exist with behavior like yours. Why the hypocrisy? Get rid of it, and you’ll become a better person, without needing to be dishonest or untruthful, which will ultimately benefit your character. That’s the impression you’ve left on me—what good are even the gentlest criticisms? They only serve to make you resentful. But don’t worry; I’ll continue to care for you just as much as ever. What feelings were stirred in me when I found a charge for a florin and 15 kreutzers on the bill again!

Do not send any more such flimsy notes, for the housekeeper can see through them in the light. I have just received this letter from Leipzig, but I don't mean to send the Quartet yet; we can talk of this on Sunday. Three years ago I only asked 40 ducats for a quartet; we must therefore refer to the exact words you have written.
Do not send any more of these flimsy notes, because the housekeeper can see through them in the light. I just got this letter from Leipzig, but I don't plan to send the Quartet yet; we can discuss this on Sunday. Three years ago, I only asked for 40 ducats for a quartet; so we need to refer to the exact words you wrote.

Farewell! He who, though he did not give you life, has certainly provided for it, and above all striven to perfect your mental culture, and been more than a father to you, earnestly implores you to pursue steadily the only true path to all that is good and right. Farewell!
Farewell! The one who, although he did not give you life, has certainly taken care of it, and above all, has worked hard to refine your mind, and has been more than a father to you, sincerely urges you to consistently follow the only true path to everything that is good and right. Farewell!

Bring back the letter with you on Sunday.
Bring the letter back with you on Sunday.

Your attached and kind
FATHER.
Your loving and supportive
DAD.

445.
TO HERR VON SCHLESINGER.

Vienna, September 26, 1825.
Vienna, September 26, 1825.

My worthy friend, I wish you the loveliest bride! And I take this opportunity of asking you to present my compliments to Herr Marx, in Berlin, and beg him not to be too hard on me, and sometimes to allow me to slip out at the backdoor.
My dear friend, I wish you the most wonderful bride! I also want to take this chance to send my regards to Herr Marx in Berlin and ask him not to be too tough on me, and to occasionally let me sneak out the back door.

Yours,
BEETHOVEN.
Best,
BEETHOVEN.

446.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

Baden, October 4.
Baden, Oct 4.

MY DEAR SON,--
MY DEAR SON,--

Like the sage Odysseus, I know the best course to take; if you come on Saturday, you need not fear the cold, for a portion of the old window-shutters is still here, with which we can protect ourselves. I hope also to get rid of my cold and catarrh here; at the same time this place is a great risk in my rheumatic condition, for wind, or rather hurricanes, still prevail here. As to Biedermann, you must inquire whether Schlesinger gave him a commission; for if this be not the case, we ought to write at once to Peters. You could scarcely write to me to-day, but I hope to hear from you to-morrow, and to see you positively on Saturday. I wish you never may have cause to feel ashamed of your want of love for me; if I alone suffer, what matters it? I wish and hope that all the pretexts you made here to go into Vienna may prove true.
Like the wise Odysseus, I know the best path to take; if you come on Saturday, you don’t need to worry about the cold, because some of the old window shutters are still here, and we can use them to keep warm. I also hope to shake off my cold and stuffy nose while I'm here; at the same time, this place poses a great risk for my rheumatic condition, since the wind, or rather hurricanes, still sweep through here. As for Biedermann, you should check if Schlesinger gave him a job; if not, we should contact Peters immediately. You probably can't write to me today, but I hope to hear from you tomorrow, and I’m looking forward to seeing you on Saturday. I hope you never have reason to feel ashamed of not loving me; if I’m the only one suffering, what does it matter? I wish and hope that all the reasons you gave for going to Vienna turn out to be true.

Rest assured that you may at all times expect every possible kindness from me, but can I hope for the same from you? When you see me irritable, ascribe it solely to my great anxiety on your account, for you are exposed to many dangers. I hope at all events to get a letter from you to-morrow; do not cause me uneasiness, but think of my sufferings. I ought not, properly, to have any such apprehensions, but what sorrow have I not already experienced?!
Rest assured that you can always expect every possible kindness from me, but can I hope for the same from you? When you see me feeling irritable, please attribute it solely to my deep worry about you, because you face many dangers. I really hope to get a letter from you tomorrow; please don’t make me anxious, and remember my struggles. I shouldn’t really have any fears like this, but what sorrow have I not already endured?!

As ever, your attached
FATHER.
As always, your attached
FATHER.

Remember that I am all alone here, and subject to sudden illness. [On the outside:] N'oubliez pas de demander des quittances, et donnez-moi aussi vite que possible des nouvelles.
Remember that I am all alone here and vulnerable to unexpected illness. [On the outside:] Don't forget to ask for receipts, and please send me updates as soon as you can.

447.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

MY DEAR SON,--
Dear Son,--

Say no more! only come to my arms; not one harsh word shall you hear! For God's sake do not bring misery on your own head. You shall be received as lovingly as ever. We can discuss in a friendly manner what is to be done and settled as to the future. I pledge my word of honor you shall meet with no reproaches from me, which, indeed, could no longer avail. You need expect only the most affectionate care and assistance from me. Only come! Come to the faithful heart of--
Say no more! Just come into my arms; you won’t hear a single harsh word from me! For goodness' sake, don’t bring trouble upon yourself. You will be welcomed with as much love as ever. We can talk in a friendly way about what needs to be done and what the future holds. I promise you will face no accusations from me, which honestly wouldn't help anyway. You can only expect the most caring support from me. Just come! Come to the loyal heart of--

Your father,
BEETHOVEN.
Volti sub.
Your dad,
BEETHOVEN.
Volti sub.

Set off the moment you receive this letter. Si vous ne viendrez pas, vous me tuerez sûrement. Lisez la lettre et restez à la maison chez vous. Venez embrasser votre père, vous vraiment adonné. Soyez assuré que tout cela restera entre nous. For God's sake come home to-day, for we cannot tell what risks you run,--hasten,--hasten to me!
Set off the moment you get this letter. If you don't come, you'll definitely kill me. Read the letter and stay at home. Come kiss your father, your devoted one. Rest assured that all of this will stay between us. For God's sake, come home today, because we can't know what risks you're facing—hurry—hurry to me!

448.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

October 5.
October 5th.

DEAR AND MUCH-BELOVED SON,--
Dear beloved son,--

I have just received your letter. I was a prey to anguish, and resolved to hurry into Vienna myself this very day. God be praised! this is not necessary; follow my advice, and love and peace of mind, as well as worldly happiness, will attend us, and you can then combine an inward and spiritual existence with your outer life. But it is well that the former should be esteemed superior to the latter. Il fait trop froid. So I am to see you on Saturday? Write to say whether you come early or in the evening, that I may hasten to meet you. I embrace and kiss you a thousand times over, not my lost, but my new-born son.
I just got your letter. I was feeling really anxious and decided I needed to rush to Vienna myself today. Thank goodness that's not necessary! If you take my advice, love and peace of mind, along with happiness, will be with us, and you'll be able to balance your inner spiritual life with your outer existence. But it's important that the former is valued more than the latter. Il fait trop froid. So, I’ll see you on Saturday? Please write and let me know if you’re coming early or in the evening so I can be ready to meet you. I hug and kiss you a thousand times over, not my lost, but my new-born son.

I wrote to Schlemmer; do not take it amiss, but my heart is still too full [a piece is here torn away]. Live! and my care of the son I have found again will show only love on the part of your father. [On the cover:] Ayez la bonté de m'envoyer a lucifer-match bottle and matches from Rospini, ou en portez avec vous, puisque de celle de Kärnthnerthor on ne veut pas faire usage.
I wrote to Schlemmer; please don’t take it the wrong way, but my heart is still too heavy [a piece is here torn away]. Live! and my care for the son I have found again will only show love on your father's part. [On the cover:] Ayez la bonté de m'envoyer a lucifer-match bottle and matches from Rospini, ou en portez avec vous, puisque de celle de Kärnthnerthor on ne veut pas faire usage.

449.
TO HIS NEPHEW.

Immediate. Baden, October 14.
Urgent. Baden, October 14.

I write in the greatest haste to say, that even if it rains, I shall certainly come in to-morrow forenoon; be sure, therefore, that I find you at home.
I’m writing really quickly to let you know that even if it rains, I’ll definitely come by tomorrow morning; so please make sure you’re home.

I rejoice at the thoughts of seeing you again, and if you detect any heavy clouds lowering, do not attribute them to deliberate anger, for they will be wholly chased away by your promise to strive more earnestly after the true and pure happiness, based on active exertion. Something hovered before me in my last letter, which though perhaps not quite justly yet called forth a dark mood; this, after all that has passed, was indeed very possible; still who would not rejoice when the transgressor returns to the right path?--and this I hope I shall live to see. I was especially pained by your coming so late on Sunday, and hurrying away again so early. I mean to come in to-morrow with the joiner and to send off these old hags; they are too bad for anything. Until the other housekeeper arrives, I can make use of the joiner. More of this when we meet, and I know you will think I am right. Expect me then to-morrow without fail, whether it rains or not.
I’m really looking forward to seeing you again, and if you notice any dark clouds hanging around, don’t think it’s because I’m angry on purpose. They’ll totally disappear with your promise to work harder for true and pure happiness that comes from real effort. Something bothered me in my last letter that maybe wasn’t exactly fair, but it did bring on a gloomy mood; given everything that’s happened, it was understandable. Still, who wouldn’t be happy to see someone who’s strayed return to the right path? I hope to witness that in my lifetime. I was especially hurt that you arrived so late on Sunday and then rushed off early. I plan to come by tomorrow with the carpenter and send off these old women; they’re useless. Until the other housekeeper gets here, I can use the carpenter’s help. We’ll talk more about this when we meet, and you’ll agree with me. So expect me tomorrow, rain or shine.

Your loving
FATHER,
Who fondly embraces you.
Your loving DAD, Who fondly embraces you.

450.
TO THE ABBÉ MAXIMILIAN STADLER.

February 6, 1826.
February 6, 1826.

REVEREND AND HONORED SIR,--
Dear Reverend,--

You have really done well in rendering justice to the manes of Mozart by your inimitable pamphlet, which so searchingly enters into the matter [the Requiem], and you have earned the gratitude of the lay and the profane, as well as of all who are musical, or have any pretensions to be so. To bring a thing of this kind forward as H.W.^[1] has done, a man must either be a great personage, or a nonentity. Be it remembered also that it is said this same person has written a book on composition, and yet has ascribed to Mozart such passages as the following:--
You really did an amazing job honoring the legacy of Mozart with your unique pamphlet, which thoroughly explores the topic [the Requiem]. You've earned the appreciation of both casual listeners and serious music lovers, as well as everyone who has any interest in music. To bring something like this to light as H.W.^[1] has done, a person must either be a significant figure or completely irrelevant. It's also worth noting that this same person has supposedly written a book on composition and has attributed to Mozart passages like the following:--

and has added such things as,--
and has added things like, --

as samples of his own composition! H.W.'s astonishing knowledge of harmony and melody recall the old composers of the Empire,--Sterkel, [illegible,] Kalkbrenner (the father), André, &c.
as samples of his own composition! H.W.'s amazing knowledge of harmony and melody brings to mind the old composers of the Empire—Sterkel, [illegible], Kalkbrenner (the father), André, etc.

Requiescant in pace! I especially thank you, my dear friend, for the pleasure you have conferred on me by your pamphlet. I have always accounted myself one of Mozart's greatest admirers, and shall continue to be so to my last breath. I beg, venerable sir, for your blessing, and I am, with sincere esteem and veneration, yours,
Rest in peace! I especially thank you, my dear friend, for the pleasure you've given me with your pamphlet. I’ve always considered myself one of Mozart's biggest fans, and I’ll keep being so until my dying breath. I kindly ask for your blessing, and I am, with genuine respect and admiration, yours,

BEETHOVEN.
Beethoven.

[Footnote 1: Gottfried Weber, the well-known theorist, who was one of those engaged in the dispute as to the genuineness of Mozart's Requiem.]
[Footnote 1: Gottfried Weber, the famous theorist, who was involved in the debate about the authenticity of Mozart's Requiem.]

451.
TO GOTTFRIED WEBER.

April 3, 1826.
April 3, 1826.

Holz tells me that it is your intention to publish a larger size of the engraving representing Handel's monument, in St. Peter's Church in London. This affords me extreme pleasure, independent of the fact that I was the person who suggested this. Accept my thanks beforehand.
Holz tells me that you plan to publish a larger version of the engraving of Handel's monument in St. Peter's Church in London. This gives me great pleasure, especially since I was the one who suggested it. Please accept my thanks in advance.

I am your obedient
BEETHOVEN.
I am your loyal
BEETHOVEN.

452.
TO HERR PROBST, MUSIC PUBLISHER,--LEIPZIG.

Vienna, June 3, 1826.
Vienna, June 3, 1826.

SIR,--
SIR,

I always consider myself in some degree bound to make you the offer of my compositions when it is possible to do so. I am at this moment more at liberty than usual. I was obliged to give my minor works to those who took the greater ones also, as without the former they refused to accept the latter. So far as I remember, however, you wished to have nothing to do with the greater works. In this view, I offer you an entirely new Quartet for two violins, viola and violoncello; you must not, however, be surprised at my demanding the sum of 80 gold ducats for it. I assure you, upon my honor, that the same sum has been remitted to me for several quartets. I must request you, in any event, to write to me on this point as soon as possible. Should you accept my offer, I beg you will send the money to some bank here, where I can receive it on delivery of the work. If the reverse be the case, I shall equally expect an immediate reply, as other publishers have already made me offers. I have also the following trifles ready, with which I can supply you. A Serenade-congratulatory-Minuet, and an Entr'acte, both for a full orchestra,--the two for 20 gold ducats. In the hope of a speedy answer,
I always feel some obligation to offer you my compositions whenever I can. Right now, I'm more available than usual. I had to give my smaller works to those who also took the bigger ones because they wouldn't accept the larger pieces without the smaller ones. As far as I remember, though, you didn't want anything to do with the bigger works. With that in mind, I’m offering you a completely new Quartet for two violins, viola, and cello; however, don’t be surprised that I’m asking for 80 gold ducats for it. I assure you, on my honor, that I’ve received the same amount for other quartets. I must ask you to write back on this matter as soon as you can. If you decide to accept my offer, please send the money to a bank here where I can collect it when I deliver the work. If you decide against it, I still expect a quick response, as other publishers have already expressed interest. I also have a few smaller pieces ready to offer: a Serenade-congratulatory-Minuet and an Entr'acte, both for full orchestra—together for 20 gold ducats. Looking forward to your prompt reply,

I am, sir, your obedient
BEETHOVEN.
I am, sir, your obedient
BEETHOVEN.

453.
TO STEPHAN V. BREUNING.^[1]

MY DEAR AND MUCH-LOVED STEPHAN,--
MY DEAR AND BELOVED STEPHAN,--

May our temporary estrangement be forever effaced by the portrait I now send. I know that I have rent your heart. The emotion which you cannot fail now to see in mine has sufficiently punished me for it. There was no malice towards you in my heart, for then I should be no longer worthy of your friendship. It was passion both on your part and on mine; but mistrust was rife within me, for people had come between us, unworthy both of you and of me.
May our temporary separation be wiped away by the portrait I'm sending you. I know that I've hurt your feelings. The emotion you can now clearly see in me has punished me enough for it. There was no ill will towards you in my heart; otherwise, I wouldn't be deserving of your friendship. It was passion on both our parts, but doubt lingered in me because people unworthy of both you and me came between us.

My portrait^[2] was long ago intended for you; you knew that it was destined for some one--and to whom could I give it with such warmth of heart as to you, my faithful, good, and noble Stephan?
My portrait^[2] was meant for you a long time ago; you knew it was meant for someone—and who could I give it to with as much warmth and love as to you, my loyal, kind, and noble Stephan?

Forgive me for having grieved you; but I did not myself suffer less when I no longer saw you near me. I then first keenly felt how dear you were, and ever will be to my heart. Surely you will once more fly to my arms as you formerly did.
Forgive me for making you sad; but I felt just as much pain when I could no longer see you beside me. That’s when I truly realized how much you mean to me, and always will. I’m sure you’ll come running back to my arms like you did before.

[Footnote 1: Schindler places this letter in the summer of 1826, when his nephew attempted self-destruction in Baden, which reduced Beethoven to the most miserable state of mind, and brought afresh to his recollection those dear friends of his youth, whom he seemed almost to have forgotten in the society of Holz and his colleagues. Schindler states that the more immediate cause of this estrangement was Breuning having tried to dissuade him from adopting his nephew. Dr. v. Breuning in Vienna is of opinion that the reunion of the two old friends had already occurred in 1825, or even perhaps at an earlier period. I am not at present capable of finally deciding on this discrepancy, but I believe the latter assertion to be correct.]
[Footnote 1: Schindler notes that this letter is from the summer of 1826, when his nephew tried to take his own life in Baden, which left Beethoven in a very dark place and made him remember his dear friends from his youth, whom he seemed to have almost forgotten while spending time with Holz and his colleagues. Schindler mentions that the main reason for this distance was Breuning trying to convince him not to take his nephew in. Dr. v. Breuning in Vienna believes that the two old friends had already reunited in 1825, or possibly even earlier. I can't definitively resolve this disagreement at the moment, but I think the latter claim is accurate.]

[Footnote 2: Schindler says, "It was Stieler's lithograph, which the maestro had previously sent to Dr. Wegeler." See No. 459.]
[Footnote 2: Schindler says, "It was Stieler's lithograph, which the maestro had previously sent to Dr. Wegeler." See No. 459.]

454.
TO STEPHAN VON BREUNING.

MY BELOVED FRIEND,--
MY DEAR FRIEND,--

You are harassed by work, and so am I--besides, I am still far from well. I would have invited you to dinner ere this, but I have been obliged to entertain people whose most highly prized author is the cook, and not finding his interesting productions at home, they hunt after them in the kitchens and cellars of others [Holz for instance]. Such society would not be very eligible for you, but all this will soon be altered. In the mean time do not buy Czerny's "School for the Pianoforte;"^[1] for in a day or two I expect to get some information about another. Along with the "Journal des Modes" that I promised to your wife, I also send something for your children. I can always regularly transmit you the journal--you have only to express your wish on any point, for me to comply with it at once.
You’re overwhelmed with work, and so am I—plus, I’m still not feeling great. I would have invited you over for dinner by now, but I’ve had to entertain people whose favorite author is the cook, and since they can’t find his interesting dishes at home, they go searching for them in other people’s kitchens and cellars [like Holz, for example]. That kind of company wouldn’t be suitable for you, but things will change soon. In the meantime, don’t buy Czerny's "School for the Pianoforte;"^[1] I expect to get information about another one in a day or two. Along with the "Journal des Modes" that I promised to your wife, I’m also sending something for your kids. I can always send you the journal regularly—you just have to let me know if there’s anything you need, and I’ll take care of it right away.

I am, with love and esteem, your friend,
BEETHOVEN.
I am, with love and respect, your friend,
BEETHOVEN.

I hope we shall soon meet.
I hope we can meet up soon.

[Footnote 1: Czerny, The Vienna Pianoforte Teacher; or, theoretical and practical mode of learning how to play the piano skilfully and beautifully in a short time by a new and easy method. Vienna: Haslinger. See No. 455.]
[Footnote 1: Czerny, The Vienna Pianoforte Teacher; or, a theoretical and practical approach to learning how to play the piano skillfully and beautifully in a short time using a new and easy method. Vienna: Haslinger. See No. 455.]

455.
TO STEPHAN V. BREUNING

MY DEAR GOOD FRIEND,--
MY DEAR FRIEND,--

I can at length realize my boast, and send you Clement's long-promised "Pianoforte School" for Gerhard [Breuning's eldest son]. If he makes the use of it that I advise, the results cannot fail to be good. I shall see you very shortly now, and cordially embrace you.
I can finally fulfill my promise and send you Clement's long-awaited "Piano School" for Gerhard [Breuning's eldest son]. If he uses it the way I recommend, the outcomes are sure to be great. I’ll see you very soon and send you a warm hug.

Your
BEETHOVEN.
Your
BEETHOVEN.

456. ^[1]
TO CARL HOLZ.

TESTIMONIAL FOR C. HOLZ.
Testimonial for C. Holz.

Vienna, August 30, 1826.
Vienna, August 30, 1826.

I am happy to give my friend Carl Holz the testimonial he wishes, namely, that I consider him well fitted to write my Biography hereafter, if indeed I may presume to think that this will be desired. I place the most implicit confidence in his faithfully transmitting to posterity what I have imparted to him for this purpose.
I’m glad to provide my friend Carl Holz with the testimonial he’s looking for, which is that I believe he is well-suited to write my biography in the future, if I can assume that this will be wanted. I have complete trust in his ability to accurately relay to future generations what I’ve shared with him for this purpose.

LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN.
Ludwig van Beethoven.

[Footnote 1: Carl Holz ceded his rights to Dr. Gassner, who however died in 1851 without having completed any biography of Beethoven. In the maestro's bequest, which Gassner's widow was so kind as to show me, there was nothing new (at least to me) except two letters included in this collection and a couple of anecdotes. Schindler also states that Beethoven subsequently repented of the authority he had given Holz and declared he did so too hastily.]
[Footnote 1: Carl Holz gave his rights to Dr. Gassner, who unfortunately passed away in 1851 without finishing any biography of Beethoven. In the maestro's estate, which Gassner's widow kindly showed me, there was nothing new (at least not to me) aside from two letters included in this collection and a few anecdotes. Schindler also mentions that Beethoven later regretted the authority he had given Holz and said he did so too quickly.]

457.
TO CARL HOLZ.

Both the gentlemen were here, but they have been admonished on every side to observe the most strict secrecy with regard to the Order. Haslinger declares that in this respect you are a son of the deceased Papageno. Prenez garde!
Both gentlemen were here, but they have been warned on all sides to keep the Order a strict secret. Haslinger says that in this regard, you are like the late Papageno. Watch out!

I told Carl to-day it was definitively settled that he could not quit the hospital except with you or me. I dine at home to-morrow, so I shall be very glad if you can come. As you have no official work to-morrow you might arrive later, but it is very necessary that you should come. Portez-vous bien, Monsieur terrible amoureux.^[1]
I told Carl today that it's definitely decided he can't leave the hospital unless it's with you or me. I'm having dinner at home tomorrow, so I would really love it if you could come. Since you don't have any official work tomorrow, you could come later, but it’s really important that you make it. Take care, you terrible romantic.^[1]

Your indeclinable friend,
BEETHOVEN.
Your unwavering friend,
BEETHOVEN.

[Footnote 1: This letter contains all kinds of dashes and flourishes, which prove that the maestro was in his happiest mood when he wrote it. His nephew was at that time in the hospital, probably owing to his attempt at suicide.]
[Footnote 1: This letter has all sorts of dashes and embellishments, showing that the maestro was in a really good mood when he wrote it. His nephew was in the hospital at that time, likely due to his suicide attempt.]

458.
TO THE KING OF PRUSSIA.

YOUR MAJESTY,--
Your Majesty, --

One of the greatest pieces of good fortune of my life is your Majesty having graciously permitted me respectfully to dedicate my present work [the 9th Symphony] to you.
One of the greatest blessings in my life is that Your Majesty has kindly allowed me to dedicate my current work [the 9th Symphony] to you.

Your Majesty is not only the father of your subjects, but also a patron of art and science; and how much more precious is your gracious permission to me, from being myself so fortunate as to be numbered among your subjects, being a citizen of Bonn.
Your Majesty is not just the father of your people, but also a supporter of art and science; and how much more valuable is your kind approval to me, since I am so lucky to be counted among your subjects as a citizen of Bonn.

I beg your Majesty will vouchsafe to accept this work as a slender token of the profound admiration with which I regard your virtues.
I humbly ask your Majesty to accept this work as a small token of my deep admiration for your virtues.

I am, your Majesty's obedient humble servant,
I am your Majesty's devoted and humble servant,

LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN.
Ludwig van Beethoven.

459.
TO WEGELER.

Vienna, October 7, 1826.
Vienna, October 7, 1826.

MY OLD AND BELOVED FRIEND,--
My dear old friend,--

I really cannot express the pleasure your letter and that of your Lorchen caused me. An answer speedy as an arrow's flight ought indeed to have responded, but I am always rather indolent about writing, because I think that the better class of men know me sufficiently without this. I often compose the answer in my head, but when I wish to write it down I generally throw aside the pen, from not being able to write as I feel. I recall all the kindness you have ever shown me; for example, your causing my room to be whitewashed, which was an agreeable surprise to me. It was just the same with all the Breuning family. Our separation was in the usual course of things; each striving to pursue and to attain his object; while at the same time the everlasting and immutable principles of good still held us closely united. I cannot unfortunately write so much to you to-day as I could wish, being confined to bed,^[1] so I limit my reply to some points in your letter.
I really can't express how much joy your letter and Lorchen's brought me. I should have replied as quickly as an arrow flies, but I tend to be a bit lazy about writing because I think the good people in my life know me well enough without it. I often come up with responses in my head, but when I try to write them down, I usually put the pen down because I can't express myself as I feel. I remember all the kindness you’ve shown me, like when you had my room whitewashed, which was a nice surprise. The same goes for the entire Breuning family. Our separation was just part of life; everyone trying to pursue their goals, but the unchanging principles of goodness kept us closely connected. Unfortunately, I can’t write as much to you today as I’d like because I'm stuck in bed,^[1] so I’ll limit my response to a few points from your letter.

You write that in some book I am declared to be the natural son of the late King of Prussia; this was mentioned to me long ago, but I have made it a rule never either to write anything about myself, or to answer anything written by others about me. I therefore gladly devolve on you the duty of making known to the world the respectability of my parents, and especially that of my mother.
You mention in some book that I’m said to be the illegitimate son of the late King of Prussia; I heard that long ago, but I’ve made it a point never to write anything about myself or respond to what others have said about me. So, I gladly leave it to you to inform the world about the respectable background of my parents, especially my mother.

You write to me about your son. There is no possible doubt that when he comes here he will find a friend and a father in me, and whenever it may be in my power to serve or to assist him, I will gladly do so.
You wrote to me about your son. There's no doubt that when he comes here, he will find a friend and a father in me, and whenever I can help him, I will be happy to do so.

I still have the silhouette of your Lorchen, by which you will see how dear to me to this hour are all those who were kind and loving to me in the days of my youth. As to my diploma, I may briefly state that I am an Honorary Member of the Royal Academy of Science in Sweden [see No. 338] and in Amsterdam, and that I have been presented with the Honorary Citizenship of Vienna. A Dr. Spiecker lately took with him to Berlin my last Grand Symphony with Choruses; it is dedicated to the King, and I wrote the dedication with my own hand. I had previously applied at the Embassy for permission to dedicate the work to the King, which has now been accorded.^[2] By desire of Dr. Spiecker I gave him the manuscript I had myself corrected, and with my own amendments, to present to the King, as it is to be deposited in the Royal Library. I received a hint at the time about the second class of the Order of the Red Eagle; I do not know what the result may be, for I have never sought such distinctions, though in these days for many reasons they would not be unwelcome to me. Besides, my maxim has always been,--Nulla dies sine linea; and if I allow my Muse to slumber, it is only that she may awake with fresh vigor. I hope yet to usher some great works into the world, and then to close my earthly career like an old child somewhere among good people.^[3] You will soon receive some music through the Brothers Schott, in Mayence. The portrait which I now send you is indeed an artistic masterpiece, but not the last that has been taken of me. I must tell you further, what I know you will rejoice to hear, with regard to marks of distinction. The late King of France sent me a medal with the inscription, Donné par le Roi à M. Beethoven, accompanied by a very polite letter from le premier gentilhomme du Roi, le Duc de Châtres.
I still have the silhouette of your Lorchen, which shows how much I cherish all those who were kind and loving to me during my youth. Regarding my diploma, I can briefly mention that I am an Honorary Member of the Royal Academy of Science in Sweden [see No. 338] and in Amsterdam, and I have also been granted Honorary Citizenship of Vienna. Recently, Dr. Spiecker took my latest Grand Symphony with Choruses to Berlin; it's dedicated to the King, and I wrote the dedication myself. I had previously requested permission from the Embassy to dedicate the work to the King, which has now been granted.^[2] At Dr. Spiecker's request, I gave him the manuscript that I had corrected myself, along with my own amendments, to present to the King, as it will be stored in the Royal Library. I received a hint about the second class of the Order of the Red Eagle; I don't know what the outcome will be, as I've never sought such honors, although they would not be unwelcome to me for various reasons. Besides, my motto has always been, Nulla dies sine linea; and if I let my Muse rest, it's only so she can awaken with renewed energy. I still hope to launch some great works into the world and then finish my earthly journey like an old child among good people.^[3] You will soon receive some music through the Brothers Schott in Mayence. The portrait I'm sending you is indeed a work of art, but it's not the last one taken of me. I must also tell you something that I know you'll be happy to hear regarding honors. The late King of France sent me a medal with the inscription, Donné par le Roi à M. Beethoven, along with a very polite letter from le premier gentilhomme du Roi, le Duc de Châtres.

My beloved friend, excuse my writing more to-day, for the remembrance of the past has deeply affected me, and not without many tears have I written this letter. The oftener you write the more pleasure will you confer on me. There can be no question on either side as to our friendship, so farewell. I beg you will embrace your dear children and your Lorchen in my name, and think of me when you do so. May God be with you all.
My dear friend, sorry for writing so much today, but thinking about the past has hit me hard, and I've written this letter with many tears. The more you write, the happier you'll make me. There's no doubt about our friendship, so goodbye. Please hug your lovely kids and your Lorchen for me, and think of me when you do. May God be with you all.

As ever, your attached friend, with sincere esteem,
As always, your attached friend, with genuine respect,

BEETHOVEN.
Beethoven.

[Footnote 1: On which account this letter is dictated, and only signed by Beethoven, who was at that time at his brother's house in the country--Gneixendorf, near Krems, on the Danube.]
[Footnote 1: This letter is dictated and only signed by Beethoven, who was at his brother's house in the countryside—Gneixendorf, near Krems, on the Danube.]

[Footnote 2: In consequence of his application to the King of Prussia to subscribe to his Mass, of which he had sent the MS., Beethoven received the following intimation:--
[Footnote 2: As a result of his request to the King of Prussia to support his Mass, for which he had sent the manuscript, Beethoven received the following notice:--

To the Composer Ludwig van Beethoven.
To the Composer Ludwig van Beethoven.

Berlin, Nov. 25, 1826.
Berlin, Nov. 25, 1826.

"It gave me great pleasure to receive your new work, knowing the acknowledged value of your compositions. I thank you for having sent it to me, and present you with a ring of brilliants, as a token of my sincere appreciation.
"It was a great pleasure to get your new work, knowing how valuable your compositions are. Thank you for sending it to me, and I'm giving you a ring with diamonds as a token of my genuine appreciation."

"FRIEDRICH WILHELM."
"Friedrich Wilhelm."

Schindler adds that the stones in the ring were false, and casts a suspicion of fraud on the Chancery Director of that day, W----.]
Schindler points out that the stones in the ring were fake and raises doubts about the honesty of the Chancery Director at that time, W----.

[Footnote 3: It was during those weeks that he wrote the second Finale to the B. flat major Quartet, Op. 130, little anticipating that this was to be his "Swan song."]
[Footnote 3: It was during those weeks that he wrote the second Finale to the B flat major Quartet, Op. 130, not realizing that this would be his "Swan song."]

460.
TO TOBIAS HASLINGER.^[1]

No time is left to-day for further words and vocalization. I beg you will at once deliver the enclosed letter. Pray forgive my causing you this trouble; but, as you are the owner of an artistic post-office, it is scarcely possible not to take advantage of this.
No time is left today for more words and talking. Please deliver the enclosed letter right away. I'm sorry to trouble you with this, but since you own a creative post office, it's hard not to take advantage of it.

You will perceive that I am now at Gneixendorf. The name sounds like the breaking of an axletree. The air is healthy. The memento mori must be applied to all else. Most marvellous and best of all Tobiases, we salute you in the name of the arts and poets!
You’ll notice that I’m now in Gneixendorf. The name sounds like a tree branch snapping. The air is fresh. The memento mori should be kept in mind above all else. Most amazing and greatest Tobias, we greet you in the name of the arts and poets!

I remain yours,
BEETHOVEN.
I’m yours,
BEETHOVEN.

[Footnote 1: The music alone and the words "I remain" at the close, are in Beethoven's writing. The rest is probably written by his nephew, with whom he had been obliged to take refuge in the house of his odious brother near Krems, because the police had intimated to the young delinquent that he must leave Vienna. See No. 435 on the subject of Beethoven's repugnance to live in his brother's family circle, whose ignoble wife treated the gray-haired and suffering maestro as badly as possible.]
[Footnote 1: The music alone and the words "I remain" at the end are in Beethoven's handwriting. The rest is likely written by his nephew, with whom he was forced to stay at the house of his unpleasant brother near Krems because the police had warned the young offender that he needed to leave Vienna. See No. 435 regarding Beethoven's aversion to living in his brother's household, where his despicable wife treated the gray-haired and suffering maestro as poorly as she could.]

461.
TO TOBIAS HASLINGER.

GNEIXENDORF, October 13, 1826.
GNEIXENDORF, October 13, 1826.

BEST OF ALL TOBIASES,--
BEST OF ALL TOBIASES,--

[Here follow eight bars of music.]
[Here follow eight bars of music.]

We are writing to you from the castle of our Signor Fratello. I must again intrude on you by the polite request to post the two enclosed letters without delay.
We are writing to you from the castle of our Signor Fratello. I must once again impose on you with the polite request to mail the two enclosed letters as soon as possible.

I will repay you for the time I kept the "School for the Pianoforte" and all the other expenses as soon as I return to Vienna. I am staying here longer, owing to the weather being so fine, and also not having gone to the country at all during the summer. A quartet^[1] for Schlesinger is already finished; only I don't know which is the safest way to send it to you, that you may give it to Tendler and Manstein and receive the money in return. Schlesinger will probably not make the remittance in gold, but if you can contrive that I should get it, you would very much oblige me, as all my publishers pay me in gold. Besides, my worthy Tobiasserl, we stand in need of money, and it is by no means the same thing whether we have money or not. If you get a sight of Holz make sure of him, and nail him at once. The passion of love has so violently assailed him that he has almost taken fire, and some one jestingly wrote that Holz was a son of the deceased Papageno.
I’ll pay you back for the time I spent managing the "School for the Pianoforte" and all the other expenses as soon as I get back to Vienna. I’m staying here longer because the weather is so nice and I didn’t go to the countryside at all this summer. I’ve already finished a quartet^[1] for Schlesinger; I just don’t know the safest way to send it to you so that you can give it to Tendler and Manstein and get the payment. Schlesinger probably won’t send the payment in gold, but if you can arrange for me to get it, I’d really appreciate it, as all my publishers pay me in gold. Plus, my dear Tobiasserl, we really need the money, and it makes a huge difference whether we have it or not. If you see Holz, make sure to pin him down right away. The passion of love has hit him so hard that he’s practically on fire, and someone jokingly wrote that Holz is the son of the late Papageno.

Most astounding, most admirable, and most unique of all Tobiases, farewell! If not inconvenient, pray write me a few lines here. Is Dr. Spiecker still in Vienna? I am, with highest consideration and fidelity,
Most amazing, most commendable, and most one-of-a-kind of all Tobiases, goodbye! If it's not too much trouble, please drop me a quick note here. Is Dr. Spiecker still in Vienna? I am, with utmost respect and loyalty,

Yours,
BEETHOVEN.
Best,
BEETHOVEN.

[Footnote 1: Probably the one in F, Op. 135.]
[Footnote 1: Probably the one in F, Op. 135.]

462.
TO CARL HOLZ.

Dec. 1826.
Dec. 1826.

YOUR OFFICIAL MAJESTY,--
YOUR ROYAL HIGHNESS,--

I wrote to you on my arrival here a few days ago, but the letter was mislaid; I then became so unwell that I thought it best to stay in bed. I shall therefore be very glad if you will pay me a visit. You will find it less inconvenient, because every one has left Döbling to go to town. I only add, in conclusion,^[1]
I wrote to you when I got here a few days ago, but my letter got lost. I then became so sick that I thought it would be best to stay in bed. I would really appreciate it if you could come visit me. It will be easier for you since everyone has left Döbling to head into the city. I’ll just add, in closing,^[1]

As ever, your friend,
BEETHOVEN.
As always, your friend,
BEETHOVEN.

[Footnote 1: Here Beethoven's own writing begins. The slight indisposition that he mentions, in the course of a few days became a serious illness, the result of which was dropsy, and from this the maestro was doomed never to recover. Indeed from that time he never again left his bed.]
[Footnote 1: Here Beethoven's own writing begins. The small health issue he mentions quickly turned into a serious illness, resulting in dropsy, from which the maestro was never able to recover. In fact, from that moment on, he never left his bed again.]

463.
TO DR. BACH.^[1]

Vienna, Wednesday, Jan. 3, 1827.
Vienna, Wed, Jan 3, 1827.

MY RESPECTED FRIEND,--
MY DEAR FRIEND,--

I hereby declare, at my decease, my beloved nephew, Carl van Beethoven, sole heir of all my property, and of seven bank shares in particular, as well as any ready money I may be possessed of. If the law prescribes any modifications in this matter, pray endeavor to regulate these as much as possible to his advantage.
I hereby declare that upon my death, my beloved nephew, Carl van Beethoven, will be the sole heir of all my property, including seven bank shares in particular, as well as any cash I may have. If the law requires any changes to this arrangement, please try to adjust them in a way that benefits him as much as possible.

I appoint you his curator, and beg that, together with Hofrath Breuning, his guardian, you will supply the place of a father to him.
I appoint you as his curator and kindly ask that, along with Hofrath Breuning, his guardian, you provide the support of a father to him.

God bless you! A thousand thanks for all the love and friendship you have shown towards me.
God bless you! Thank you so much for all the love and friendship you've given me.

LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN.
Ludwig van Beethoven.

[Footnote 1: The signature alone is in Beethoven's writing.]
[Footnote 1: The signature is written by Beethoven himself.]

464.
TO WEGELER.

Vienna, February 17, 1827.
Vienna, Feb 17, 1827.

MY OLD AND WORTHY FRIEND,--
MY OLD AND DEAR FRIEND,--

I received your second letter safely through Breuning. I am still too feeble to answer it, but you may be assured that its contents were most welcome and agreeable to me.^[1] My convalescence, if indeed I may call it such, makes very slow progress, and there is reason to suspect that a fourth operation will be necessary, although the medical men have not as yet decided on this. I arm myself with patience, and reflect that all evil leads to some good. I am quite surprised to find from your last letter that you had not received mine. From this one you will see that I wrote to you on the 10th of December last. It is the same with the portrait, as you will perceive from the date, when you get it. "Frau Steffen spake the word:" Michael Steffen insisted on sending them by some private hand; so they have been lying here until this very day, and really it was a hard matter to get them back even now. You will receive the portrait by the post, through the Messrs. Schott, who have also sent you the music.
I got your second letter safely through Breuning. I'm still too weak to respond properly, but you can be sure that what you wrote was very welcome and enjoyable to me.^[1] My recovery, if I can even call it that, is going very slowly, and there's a chance I might need a fourth operation, although the doctors haven't made a decision on that yet. I'm trying to be patient and remember that every bad situation can lead to something good. I'm quite surprised to learn from your last letter that you hadn't received mine. From this letter, you'll see that I wrote to you on December 10th. The same goes for the portrait, as you'll notice from the date when you receive it. "Frau Steffen spoke the word:" Michael Steffen insisted on sending them by private hand, so they've been here until now, and it was quite a challenge to get them back even now. You'll get the portrait in the mail from Messrs. Schott, who have also sent you the music.

How much is there that I would fain say to you to-day; but I am too weak,^[2] so I can only embrace you and your Lorchen in spirit. With true friendship and attachment to you and yours,
How much I want to say to you today; but I'm too weak,^[2] so I can only embrace you and your Lorchen in spirit. With genuine friendship and affection for you and yours,

Your old and faithful friend,
BEETHOVEN.
Your loyal and dependable friend,
BEETHOVEN.

[Footnote 1: Wegeler had reminded him of Blumenauer, who, after being operated on for dropsy, lived for many years in perfect health. He at the same time suggested to him the plan of going with him in the ensuing summer to one of the Bohemian baths, proposing to travel by a circuitous route to the Upper Rhine, and from thence to Coblenz.]
[Footnote 1: Wegeler reminded him of Blumenauer, who, after having surgery for dropsy, lived for many years in great health. He also suggested the idea of traveling together the following summer to one of the Bohemian baths, proposing to take a roundabout route to the Upper Rhine, and from there to Coblenz.]

[Footnote 2: Beethoven's last letter to Wegeler. The signature alone is his.]
[Footnote 2: Beethoven's final letter to Wegeler. The signature is his alone.]

465.
TO SIR GEORGE SMART,--LONDON.

Feb. 22, 1827.
Feb 22, 1827.

I remember that some years ago the Philharmonic Society proposed to give a concert for my benefit. This prompts me to request you, dear sir, to say to the Philharmonic Society that if they be now disposed to renew their offer it would be most welcome to me. Unhappily, since the beginning of December I have been confined to bed by dropsy,--a most wearing malady, the result of which cannot yet be ascertained. As you are already well aware, I live entirely by the produce of my brains, and for a long time to come all idea of writing is out of the question. My salary is in itself so small, that I can scarcely contrive to defray my half-year's rent out of it. I therefore entreat you kindly to use all your influence for the furtherance of this project,--your generous sentiments towards me convincing me that you will not be offended by my application. I intend also to write to Herr Moscheles on this subject, being persuaded that he will gladly unite with you in promoting my object. I am so weak that I can no longer write, so I only dictate this. I hope, dear sir, that you will soon cheer me by an answer, to say whether I may look forward to the fulfilment of my request.
I remember a few years ago when the Philharmonic Society offered to hold a concert for me. This leads me to ask you, dear sir, to inform the Philharmonic Society that if they are now willing to renew their offer, I would greatly appreciate it. Unfortunately, since the beginning of December, I have been stuck in bed with dropsy—an exhausting illness, and the outcome is still uncertain. As you already know, I rely entirely on my intellectual work, and for the foreseeable future, I cannot even consider writing. My salary is so low that I can barely manage to pay half a year's rent with it. Therefore, I kindly ask you to use your influence to support this initiative—your kind feelings towards me make me confident that you won’t be upset by my request. I also plan to write to Herr Moscheles about this, as I believe he will gladly join you in supporting my cause. I am so weak that I can no longer write, so I'm just dictating this. I hope, dear sir, that you'll soon respond and let me know if I can expect my request to be fulfilled.

In the mean time, pray receive the assurance of the high esteem with which I always remain, &c., &c.
In the meantime, please accept the assurance of my deep respect, as always.

466.
TO HERR MOSCHELES.

Vienna, Feb. 22, 1827.
Vienna, Feb. 22, 1827.

DEAR MOSCHELES,--
DEAR MOSCHELES,---

I feel sure that you will not take amiss my troubling you as well as Sir G. Smart (to whom I enclose a letter) with a request. The matter is briefly this. Some years since, the London Philharmonic Society made me the handsome offer to give a concert in my behalf. At that time I was not, God be praised! so situated as to render it necessary for me to take advantage of this generous proposal. Things are, however, very different with me now, as for fully three months past I have been entirely prostrated by that tedious malady, dropsy. Schindler encloses a letter with further details. You have long known my circumstances, and are aware how, and by what, I live: a length of time must elapse before I can attempt to write again, so that, unhappily, I might be reduced to actual want. You have not only an extensive acquaintance in London, but also the greatest influence with the Philharmonic; may I beg you, therefore, to exercise it, so far as you can, in prevailing on the Society to resume their former intention, and to carry it soon into effect.
I’m sure you won’t mind me bothering you and Sir G. Smart (who I’ve included a letter for) with a request. Here’s the situation. A few years ago, the London Philharmonic Society generously offered to hold a concert for me. At that time, thank God, I wasn’t in a position to need this generous offer. However, my circumstances have changed dramatically, as I’ve been completely laid up for the past three months with that persistent illness, dropsy. Schindler has included a letter with more details. You’ve known my situation for a while and understand how I live: it’ll take time before I can write again, which means I may face actual hardship. You have a wide network in London and strong connections with the Philharmonic; could I ask you to use your influence to encourage the Society to revisit their previous offer and implement it soon?

The letter I enclose to Sir Smart is to the same effect, as well as one I already sent to Herr Stumpff.^[1] I beg you will yourself give the enclosed letter to Sir Smart, and unite with him and all my friends in London in furthering my object. Your sincere friend,
The letter I'm including for Sir Smart has the same message as the one I already sent to Herr Stumpff.^[1] I kindly ask you to personally hand the enclosed letter to Sir Smart and join him and all my friends in London to help achieve my goals. Your sincere friend,

BEETHOVEN.
Beethoven.

[Footnote 1: Stumpff, a Thuringian maker of harps, came to Vienna in 1824, recommended to our maestro by Andreas Streicher in a letter of Sept. 24, in these words:--"The bearer of this is Herr Stumpff, an excellent German, who has lived for thirty-four years in London. The sole reason of his going to Baden is to see you, my revered Beethoven, the man of whom Germany is so proud. Pray receive him in a kind and friendly manner, as beseems the saint to whose shrine the pious pilgrim has made so long a journey." In 1826 he presented Beethoven with the English edition of Handel's works in 40 folio volumes, which the maestro constantly studied during his last illness. Gerhard v. Breuning, when a youth of fourteen, either held up the separate volumes for him, or propped them against the wall.]
[Footnote 1: Stumpff, a harp maker from Thuringia, arrived in Vienna in 1824, recommended to our maestro by Andreas Streicher in a letter dated Sept. 24, which said:--"The person who is bringing this is Herr Stumpff, an excellent German who has lived in London for thirty-four years. The only reason he is coming to Baden is to see you, my esteemed Beethoven, the pride of Germany. Please welcome him warmly, as befits the saint to whom the devoted pilgrim has traveled such a long distance." In 1826, he gave Beethoven the English edition of Handel's works in 40 folio volumes, which the maestro studied constantly during his final illness. Gerhard v. Breuning, when he was just fourteen, either held up the individual volumes for him or propped them against the wall.]

467.
TO SCHINDLER.

The end of February, 1827.
The end of February 1827.

When we meet we can discuss the mischance that has befallen you. I can send you some person without the smallest inconvenience. Do accept my offer; it is, at least, something. Have you had no letters from Moscheles or Cramer? There will be a fresh occasion for writing on Wednesday, and once more urging my project. If you are still indisposed at that time, one of my people can take the letter, and get a receipt from the post-office.
When we meet, we can talk about the unfortunate situation you've found yourself in. I can send someone to you with no trouble at all. Please accept my offer; it’s at least a little help. Have you received any letters from Moscheles or Cramer? There will be a new opportunity to write on Wednesday, and I’ll try once again to push my plan. If you’re still unwell then, one of my people can deliver the letter and get a receipt from the post office.

Vale et fave. I need not assure you of my sympathy with your misfortune. Pray allow me to supply board for you in the mean time. I offer this from my heart. May Heaven preserve you! Your sincere friend,
Take care and best wishes. I don't need to tell you how much I sympathize with your situation. Please let me help by providing meals for you in the meantime. I'm offering this sincerely. May heaven protect you! Your true friend,

BEETHOVEN.
Beethoven.

468.
TO BARON VON PASQUALATI.^[1]

March 6, 1827.
March 6, 1827.

MY MUCH-ESTEEMED OLD FRIEND,--
Dear Esteemed Old Friend,--

My warmest thanks for the kind present you have sent me for the benefit of my health; as soon as I have found what wine is most suitable for me I will let you know, but not abuse your kindness. I like the compote much, and shall again apply to you for some. Even this costs me an effort. Sapienti pauca.
My sincere thanks for the thoughtful gift you sent for my health; as soon as I find out what wine works best for me, I’ll let you know, but I don’t want to take advantage of your generosity. I really like the compote and will reach out to you for more. Even that takes some effort for me. Sapienti pauca.

Your grateful friend,
BEETHOVEN.
Your thankful friend,
BEETHOVEN.

[Footnote 1: Traced in feeble and trembling characters. Some other hand has written on it, "March 6, 1827."]
[Footnote 1: Written in shaky and faint letters. Another person has added, "March 6, 1827."]

469.
TO BARON VON PASQUALATI.

MY ESTEEMED FRIEND,--
Dear Friend,---

I beg you will send me some more of the cherry compote, but without lemons, and quite simple. I should also like a light pudding, almost liquid, my worthy cook not being very experienced in invalid diet. I am allowed to drink champagne, and I wish you would send me for to-day a champagne glass with it. Now, as to wine, Malfatti wished me to drink moselle, but declared that no genuine moselle could be got here; so he gave me several bottles of Krumbholzkirchner,^[1] deeming this best for my health, as no really good moselle is to be had. Pray forgive my troubling you, and ascribe it chiefly to my helpless condition.
I kindly ask you to send me some more of the cherry compote, but please without lemons, and keep it simple. I would also like a light pudding, almost liquid, since my cook isn’t very skilled in preparing food for someone unwell. I'm allowed to drink champagne, and I would appreciate it if you could send me a champagne glass for today. As for wine, Malfatti suggested I drink moselle, but he said that no real moselle can be found here, so he gave me several bottles of Krumbholzkirchner,^[1] as he thinks it's best for my health since there’s no decent moselle available. Please forgive me for bothering you, and understand that it's mainly due to my helpless state.

I am, with much esteem, your friend,
BEETHOVEN.
I am, with great respect, your friend,
BEETHOVEN.

[Footnote 1: Gumpoldskirchner--a celebrated and generous Austrian wine.]
[Footnote 1: Gumpoldskirchner--a famous and generous Austrian wine.]

470.
TO SIR GEORGE SMART,--LONDON.

March 6, 1827.
March 6, 1827.

DEAR SIR,--
Dear Sir,

I make no doubt that you have already received through Herr Moscheles my letter of February 22, but as I found your address by chance among my papers, I do not hesitate to write direct to yourself, to urge my request once more on you in the strongest terms.
I have no doubt that you’ve already received my letter from February 22 via Herr Moscheles, but since I came across your address by chance among my papers, I’m reaching out to you directly to strongly emphasize my request once more.

I do not, alas! even up to the present hour, see any prospect of the termination of my terrible malady; on the contrary, my sufferings, and consequently my cares, have only increased. I underwent a fourth operation on the 27th of February, and possibly fate may compel me to submit to this a fifth time, and perhaps oftener. If this goes on, my illness will certainly continue one half the summer, and in that case, what is to become of me? How am I to subsist until I can succeed in arousing my decayed powers, and once more earn my living by my pen? But I do not wish to plague you by fresh complaints; so I only refer you to my letter of the 22d February, and entreat you to use all your influence with the Philharmonic Society to carry now into execution their former proposal of a concert for my benefit.
I still don’t see any sign that my terrible illness will come to an end; in fact, my suffering and worries have only grown. I had my fourth operation on February 27th, and it’s possible that fate will force me to go through this a fifth time, or maybe even more. If this continues, my illness will likely last half the summer, and if that happens, what will become of me? How will I get by until I can manage to regain my strength and earn a living with my writing again? I don’t want to burden you with more complaints, so I’ll just refer you to my letter from February 22nd and ask you to use all your influence with the Philharmonic Society to follow through on their previous proposal for a benefit concert for me.

471.
TO BARON VON PASQUALATI.

MY WORTHY FRIEND,--
MY GOOD FRIEND,--

I am still confined to my room; be so good, therefore, as to tell me, or rather, I should say, write to me, the name of the person who values this house, and where he is to be found. If you have any Muterhall [?] medicine I beg you will think of your poor Austrian musician and citizen of the guild.
I’m still stuck in my room; please, could you tell me, or actually, I should say, write to me, the name of the person who appreciates this house, and where I can find him. If you have any Muterhall [?] medicine, I kindly ask you to think of your poor Austrian musician and guild member.

BEETHOVEN.
Beethoven.

472.^[1]
TO BARON VON PASQUALATI.

March 14, 1827.
March 14, 1827.

MY ESTEEMED FRIEND,--
MY VALUED FRIEND,--

Many thanks for the dish you sent me yesterday, which will suffice for to-day also. I am allowed to have game; and the doctor said that fieldfares were very wholesome for me. I only tell you this for information, as I do not want them to-day. Forgive this stupid note, but I am exhausted from a sleepless night. I embrace you, and am, with much esteem, your attached friend.
Many thanks for the dish you sent me yesterday; it will be enough for today as well. I'm allowed to have game, and the doctor mentioned that fieldfares are very good for me. I'm just sharing that info because I don't want them today. Sorry for this pointless note, but I'm really tired from a sleepless night. I hug you and remain, with great respect, your loyal friend.

[Footnote 1: In a tremulous hand,--"March 14, 1827."]
[Footnote 1: In a shaky hand,--"March 14, 1827."]

473.
TO HERR MOSCHELES.

Vienna, March 14, 1827.
Vienna, March 14, 1827.

MY DEAR MOSCHELES,--
MY DEAR MOSCHELES,--

I recently heard, through Herr Lewisey,^[1] that in a letter to him of the 10th February, you had made inquiries as to the state of my health, about which such various rumors have been circulated. Although I cannot possibly doubt that you have by this time received my letter of February 22d, which explains all you wish to know, still I cannot resist thanking you for your sympathy with my sad condition, and again imploring you to attend to the request contained in my first letter. I feel already certain that, in conjunction with Sir Smart and other friends, you are sure to succeed in obtaining a favorable result for me from the Philharmonic Society. I wrote again to Sir Smart also on the subject.
I recently heard from Herr Lewisey,^[1] that in a letter to him dated February 10th, you inquired about my health, concerning which many different rumors have been spreading. Although I’m sure you’ve received my letter from February 22nd, which explains everything you want to know, I still want to thank you for your concern about my unfortunate situation and to kindly ask you to follow up on the request in my first letter. I feel confident that, along with Sir Smart and other friends, you will be able to achieve a positive outcome for me with the Philharmonic Society. I also wrote to Sir Smart again about this matter.

I was operated on for the fourth time on the 27th of February, and now symptoms evidently exist which show that I must expect a fifth operation. What is to be done? What is to become of me if this lasts much longer? Mine has indeed been a hard doom; but I resign myself to the decrees of fate, and only constantly pray to God that His holy will may ordain that while thus condemned to suffer death in life, I may be shielded from want. The Almighty will give me strength to endure my lot, however severe and terrible, with resignation to His will.
I had my fourth surgery on February 27th, and now it’s clear that I need to prepare for a fifth one. What should I do? What will happen to me if this goes on much longer? My situation has truly been difficult; but I accept whatever fate has in store for me, and I constantly pray to God that His holy will allows me to be shielded from hardship while I suffer through this life. The Almighty will grant me the strength to face my challenges, no matter how harsh and frightening, with acceptance of His will.

So once more, dear Moscheles, I commend my cause to you, and shall anxiously await your answer, with highest esteem. Hummel is here, and has several times come to see me.
So once again, dear Moscheles, I entrust my case to you and will eagerly await your response, with great respect. Hummel is here and has come to see me several times.

Your friend,
BEETHOVEN.
Your friend, BEETHOVEN.

[Footnote 1: Schindler mentions, on Beethoven's authority, that this gentleman translated Beethoven's letters to Smart into English, which his nephew had previously done.]
[Footnote 1: Schindler mentions, based on Beethoven's authority, that this man translated Beethoven's letters to Smart into English, a task that his nephew had done before.]

474.^[1]
TO SCHINDLER.--

March 17, 1827.
March 17, 1827.

WONDERFUL! WONDERFUL! WONDERFUL!--
AMAZING! AMAZING! AMAZING!--

Both the learned gentlemen are defeated, and I shall be saved solely by Malfatti's skill! You must come to me for a few minutes without fail this forenoon.
Both of the learned gentlemen have been defeated, and I will only be saved by Malfatti's skill! You need to come to me for a few minutes without fail this morning.

Yours,
BEETHOVEN.
Best,
Beethoven.

[Footnote 1: Schindler dates this note March 17, 1827, and says that these are the last lines Beethoven ever wrote. They certainly were the last that he wrote to Schindler. On the back of the note, in another writing (probably Schindler's), the receipt is given in pencil for the bath with hay steeped in it, ordered by Malfatti, which the poor invalid thought had saved his life. The "learned gentlemen" are Dr. Wawruch and the surgeon Seibert, who had made the punctures.]
[Footnote 1: Schindler notes that this message is dated March 17, 1827, claiming it's the last writing Beethoven ever did. It was definitely the last he wrote to Schindler. On the back of the note, in a different handwriting (likely Schindler's), there's a pencil receipt for the hay bath ordered by Malfatti, which the sick man believed had saved his life. The "learned gentlemen" refer to Dr. Wawruch and surgeon Seibert, who performed the punctures.]

475.
TO MOSCHELES.

Vienna, March 18, 1827.
Vienna, March 18, 1827.

No words can express my feelings on reading your letter of the 1st of March. The noble liberality of the Philharmonic Society, which almost anticipated my request, has touched me to my inmost soul.^[1] I beg you, therefore, dear Moscheles, to be my organ in conveying to the Society my heartfelt thanks for their generous sympathy and aid.
No words can express how I felt when I read your letter from March 1st. The generous support of the Philharmonic Society, which nearly foresaw my request, has deeply moved me. ^[1] So, I kindly ask you, dear Moscheles, to help me convey my heartfelt thanks to the Society for their kindness and assistance.

[Say^[2] to these worthy men, that if God restores me to health, I shall endeavor to prove the reality of my gratitude by my actions. I therefore leave it to the Society to choose what I am to write for them--a symphony (the 10th) lies fully sketched in my desk, and likewise a new overture and some other things. With regard to the concert the Philharmonic had resolved to give in my behalf, I would entreat them not to abandon their intention. In short, I will strive to fulfil every wish of the Society, and never shall I have begun any work with so much zeal as on this occasion. May Heaven only soon grant me the restoration of my health, and then I will show the noble-hearted English how highly I value their sympathy with my sad fate.] I was compelled at once to draw for the whole sum of 1000 gulden, being on the eve of borrowing money.
[Say^[2] to these worthy men that if God brings me back to health, I’ll try to express my gratitude through my actions. I’m leaving it to the Society to decide what I should write for them—a symphony (the 10th) is fully planned out in my desk, along with a new overture and some other pieces. Regarding the concert the Philharmonic had planned to hold in my honor, I kindly ask them not to drop their plans. In short, I’ll do my best to meet every wish of the Society, and I’ve never started work with as much enthusiasm as I will for this occasion. May Heaven grant me a quick recovery, and then I’ll show the generous English how much I appreciate their compassion for my unfortunate situation.] I was forced to immediately withdraw the full amount of 1000 gulden, as I was about to borrow money.

Your generous conduct can never be forgotten by me, and I hope shortly to convey my thanks to Sir Smart in particular, and to Herr Stumpff. I beg you will deliver the metronomed 9th Symphony to the Society. I enclose the proper markings.
Your generous behavior will never be forgotten by me, and I hope to express my thanks to Sir Smart in particular and to Herr Stumpff soon. I ask you to deliver the metronomed 9th Symphony to the Society. I’ve included the correct markings.

Your friend, with high esteem,
BEETHOVEN.
Your friend, with great respect,
BEETHOVEN.

[Footnote 1: A hundred pounds had been sent at once.]
[Footnote 1: One hundred pounds had been sent all at once.]

[Footnote 2: In the original the words placed within brackets are dictated by Beethoven himself, and were indeed the last he ever dictated--but they are crossed out.]
[Footnote 2: In the original, the words in brackets were dictated by Beethoven himself, and they were actually the last ones he ever dictated—but they are crossed out.]

476.
CODICIL.^[1]

Vienna, March 23, 1827.
Vienna, March 23, 1827.

I appoint my nephew Carl my sole heir. The capital of my bequest, however, to devolve on his natural or testamentary heirs.
I name my nephew Carl as my only heir. The value of my inheritance, though, will go to his natural or legal heirs.

LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN.^[2]
Ludwig van Beethoven.^[2]

[Footnote 1: See No. 463. Schindler relates:--"This testament contained no restrictions or precautionary measures with regard to his heir-at-law, who, after the legal forms connected with the inheritance were terminated, was entitled to take immediate possession of the whole. The guardian and curator, however, knowing the unexampled levity of the heir, had a valid pretext for raising objections to these testamentary depositions. They therefore suggested to the maestro, to alter his intentions in so far as to place his property in trust; his nephew to draw the revenue, and at his death the capital to pass to his direct heirs. Beethoven, however, considered such restraints as too severe on the nephew whom he still so dearly loved in his heart [since December of the previous year the young man had been a cadet in a royal regiment at Iglau, in Moravia], so he remonstrated against this advice; indeed he reproached Hofrath Breuning as the person who had suggested such harsh measures. A note, still extant, written by Breuning to Beethoven, shows the state of matters, in which he still maintains, though in moderate language, the absolute necessity of the above precautions. This mode of argument seemed to make an impression on the maestro, who at last promised to yield his own wishes. By his desire, Breuning laid the codicil of three lines before him, and Beethoven at once proceeded to copy it, which was no easy matter for him. When it was finished he exclaimed, 'There! now I write no more!' He was not a little surprised to see on the paper the words 'heirs of his body' changed into 'natural heirs.' Breuning represented to him the disputes to which this destination might give rise. Beethoven replied that the one term was as good as the other, and that it should remain just as it was. This was his last contradiction."]
[Footnote 1: See No. 463. Schindler relates:--"This will had no restrictions or precautions regarding his legal heir, who, after the legal processes for the inheritance were completed, was entitled to immediately take possession of everything. However, the guardian and curator, aware of the heir's unusual irresponsibility, had valid reasons to raise objections to these testamentary provisions. They suggested to the maestro that he change his plans to place his property in a trust; his nephew would receive the income, and upon his death, the principal would go to his direct heirs. Beethoven, however, felt that such restrictions were too harsh on his nephew, whom he still loved dearly [since December of the previous year, the young man had been a cadet in a royal regiment in Iglau, Moravia], so he pushed back against this advice; in fact, he accused Hofrath Breuning of being the one who suggested such drastic measures. A note, still available, written by Breuning to Beethoven, explains the situation, where he still argues, though in mild terms, the absolute need for these precautions. This line of reasoning seemed to have an impact on the maestro, who eventually agreed to compromise on his own wishes. At his request, Breuning presented a three-line codicil to him, and Beethoven immediately began to copy it, which was quite challenging for him. Once it was finished, he exclaimed, 'There! Now I’m done writing!' He was somewhat surprised to see the words 'heirs of his body' changed to 'natural heirs.' Breuning pointed out the potential disputes this wording could cause. Beethoven responded that one term was as good as the other and that it should stay as it was. This was his last contradiction."]

[Footnote 2: Next day, at noon, he lost consciousness, and a frightful death-struggle began, which continued till the evening of March 26, 1827, when, during a violent spring storm of thunder and lightning, the sublime maestro paid his last tribute to that humanity for which he had made so many sacrifices in this world, to enter into life everlasting, which, from his life and actions, few could look forward to more hopefully.]
[Footnote 2: The next day, at noon, he lost consciousness, and a terrifying struggle for life began, which continued until the evening of March 26, 1827, when, during a fierce spring storm with thunder and lightning, the great maestro made his final farewell to the humanity for which he had sacrificed so much in this world, moving on to everlasting life, which, based on his life and actions, few could anticipate more hopefully.]

INDEX.

Academies, concerts given by Beethoven, so called. The grand concerts of the year 1824.
Academies, concerts held by Beethoven, so-called. The major concerts of the year 1824.

Address and appeal to London artists, from Beethoven.
Address and reach out to artists in London, from Beethoven.

Adlersburg, Dr. von, Court advocate and barrister at Vienna, "a most inconsiderate character," for some time Beethoven's lawyer.
Adlersburg, Dr. von, court advocate and lawyer in Vienna, "a very thoughtless person," who was Beethoven's lawyer for a while.

Aesthetical observations on particular subjects.
Aesthetic observations on specific subjects.

Albrechtsberger, the popular theorist and composer, Kapellmeister at St. Stephen's in Vienna, for some time, about the year 1795, Beethoven's instructor in musical composition.
Albrechtsberger, the well-known theorist and composer, served as Kapellmeister at St. Stephen's in Vienna and was Beethoven's teacher in music composition for a while around 1795.

Amenda of Courland, afterwards rector in Talsen.
Amenda of Courland, later a rector in Talsen.

"A.M.Z." See Leipzig "Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung."
"A.M.Z." See Leipzig "General Musical Journal."

André, composer and music publisher in Offenbach on the Maine.
André, composer and music publisher in Offenbach am Main.

Archduke Carl.
Archduke Karl.

Arnim, Frau von. See Brentano, Bettina.
Arnim, Frau von. See Brentano, Bettina.

Artaria, print and music publisher in Vienna.
Artaria, a print and music publisher based in Vienna.

Attorney, power of.
Power of attorney.

Augarten, the well-known park near Vienna, in which morning concerts were frequently given.
Augarten, the famous park near Vienna, where morning concerts were often held.

Augsburg.
Augsburg.

Austria, Beethoven's sentiments respecting that country, his second father-land.
Austria, the place where Beethoven expressed his feelings, his second homeland.

Bach, Dr. Johann Baptist, Court advocate and barrister, from the year 1816 Beethoven's lawyer at Vienna.
Bach, Dr. Johann Baptist, Court advocate and lawyer, since 1816 Beethoven's attorney in Vienna.

Bach, Johann Sebastian.
Bach, J.S.

Baden, near Vienna, a favorite watering-place, to which Beethoven often resorted.
Baden, near Vienna, is a popular spa town that Beethoven frequently visited.

Bauer, chief secretary to the Austrian Embassy in London.
Bauer, the head secretary at the Austrian Embassy in London.

Baumeister, private secretary to the Archduke Rudolph.
Baumeister, private secretary to the Archduke Rudolph.

Beethoven's brother Carl, born at Bonn in 1774, instructed in music by Beethoven; afterwards came to Vienna, where he occupied the appointment of cashier in the Government Revenue (died Nov. 15, 1815).
Beethoven's brother Carl, born in Bonn in 1774, was taught music by Beethoven. He later moved to Vienna, where he worked as a cashier in the Government Revenue (died Nov. 15, 1815).

His brother Johann, born in 1776, an apothecary, first in Linz, afterwards in Vienna, and at a later period proprietor of Gneixendorf, an estate near Krems, on the Danube; named by Beethoven, "Braineater," "Pseudo-brother," "Asinanios," &c.
His brother Johann, born in 1776, was an apothecary first in Linz, then in Vienna, and later owned an estate in Gneixendorf near Krems on the Danube. Beethoven referred to him as "Braineater," "Pseudo-brother," "Asinanios," etc.

His brother Ludwig Maria.
His brother Ludwig Maria.

His father, Johann, son of Ludwig van Beethoven, Kapellmeister to the Elector of Cologne, Court tenor singer at the Electoral Chapel at Bonn, a man possessing no considerable mental endowments, but an excellent musician, and Beethoven's first instructor in music. Unhappily, he was so addicted to habits of intemperance, that he greatly impoverished his family, the care of which, owing to the father's recklessness, devolved entirely upon his son Ludwig (died Dec. 1792).
His father, Johann, son of Ludwig van Beethoven, was the Kapellmeister to the Elector of Cologne and a court tenor singer at the Electoral Chapel in Bonn. He wasn't particularly bright but was a talented musician and Beethoven's first music teacher. Unfortunately, he was so addicted to drinking that he seriously harmed his family's finances, which forced his son Ludwig to take on all the responsibilities, especially after his father’s reckless behavior. Ludwig passed away in December 1792.

His grandfather, Ludwig van Beethoven, Kapellmeister to the Elector of Cologne (died 1774).
His grandfather, Ludwig van Beethoven, was the music director for the Elector of Cologne (died 1774).

His mother, Maria Magdalena Kewerich, the wife, first of Leym of Ehrenbreitstein, cook to the Elector of Treves, and afterwards of Johann van Beethoven, in Bonn, Court tenor singer to the Elector of Cologne. She gave birth to her illustrious son Ludwig on Dec. 17, 1770, and died July 17, 1787.
His mother, Maria Magdalena Kewerich, was the wife of Leym of Ehrenbreitstein, a cook for the Elector of Treves, and later for Johann van Beethoven in Bonn, who was a court tenor singer for the Elector of Cologne. She gave birth to her famous son Ludwig on December 17, 1770, and died on July 17, 1787.

His nephew, Carl, son of his brother Carl, Beethoven's ward from the year 1815.
Entered the Blöchlinger Institute, at Vienna, June 22, 1819.
Letters to him from Beethoven.
His nephew, Carl, the son of his brother Carl, was Beethoven's ward starting in 1815.
He entered the Blöchlinger Institute in Vienna on June 22, 1819.
There are letters from Beethoven to him.

His sister-in-law, Johanna, wife of his brother Carl and mother of his nephew, named by Beethoven "The Queen of the Night."
His sister-in-law, Johanna, who is married to his brother Carl and is the mother of his nephew, was named by Beethoven "The Queen of the Night."

Beethoven's Works. In General.
Beethoven's Works: An Overview.

I. For pianoforte only.
Sonatas of the year 1783.
Op. 22.
Op. 31.
Op. 90.
Op. 106.
Op. 109.
Op. 111.
Variations.
Bagatelles.
"Allegri di Bravoura."
I. For piano only.
Sonatas from the year 1783.
Op. 22.
Op. 31.
Op. 90.
Op. 106.
Op. 109.
Op. 111.
Variations.
Bagatelles.
"Allegri di Bravoura."

II. For pianoforte with obbligato instruments.
For pianoforte and violin:--Sonatas.
Sonatas with violoncello.
Twelve Variations in F on the Theme from "Figaro," "Se vuol ballare."
Rondo.
Variations with violoncello and violin.
for hautboys and horn.
Trios.
Concertos.
Fantasia with chorus.
II. For piano with additional instruments.
For piano and violin:--Sonatas.
Sonatas with cello.
Twelve Variations in F on the Theme from "Figaro," "Se vuol ballare."
Rondo.
Variations with cello and violin.
for oboes and horn.
Trios.
Concertos.
Fantasy with chorus.

III. Quartets.
III. Quartets.

IV. Instrumental pieces.
Septet.
Quintets.
Violin Romance.
IV. Instrumental music.
Septet.
Quintets.
Violin Romance.

V. Orchestral music.
Symphonies.
The Ninth.
Minuet and Interlude.
Music for the ballet of "Prometheus."
"Egmont."
"King Stephen."
"The Ruins of Athens."
"Wellington's Victory at Vittoria."
March to "Tarpeia."
Gratulation Minuet.
Marches.
Overtures.
V. Orchestral music.
Symphonies.
The Ninth.
Minuet and Interlude.
Music for the ballet of "Prometheus."
"Egmont."
"King Stephen."
"The Ruins of Athens."
"Wellington's Victory at Vittoria."
March to "Tarpeia."
Gratulation Minuet.
Marches.
Overtures.

VI. Vocal music.
"Adelaide."
"Ah! Perfido."
"Heart, my Heart," and "Knowest Thou the Land?"
"To Hope."
Aria for bass voice with chorus.
Terzet on Count Lichnowsky.
Canon for Spohr.
"The Glorious Moment."
On Mdlle. Milder-Hauptmann.
Scotch songs.
Canon for Schlesinger;
for the Archduke Rudolph;
on Tobias Haslinger.
Various songs;
two grand songs with chorus from Goethe and Matthisson.
Choruses.
"Empitremate."
Elegy.
"Meeresstille und glückliche Fahrt."
Opferlied.
Canons;
for Rellstab;
for Braunhofer;
for Kuhlau;
for Schlesinger.
Terzet.
VI. Vocal music.
"Adelaide."
"Ah! Perfido."
"Heart, my Heart," and "Do You Know the Land?"
"To Hope."
Aria for bass voice with chorus.
Terzetto on Count Lichnowsky.
Canon for Spohr.
"The Glorious Moment."
About Mdlle. Milder-Hauptmann.
Scottish songs.
Canon for Schlesinger;
for Archduke Rudolph;
about Tobias Haslinger.
Various songs;
two major songs with chorus from Goethe and Matthisson.
Choruses.
"Empitremate."
Elegy.
"Calm Seas and a Happy Voyage."
Opferlied.
Canons;
for Rellstab;
for Braunhofer;
for Kuhlau;
for Schlesinger.
Terzetto.

VII. Operas.
Grillparzer's "Melusina."
"Fidelio" in Dresden.
VII. Operas.
Grillparzer's "Melusina."
"Fidelio" in Dresden.

VIII. Church music and Oratorios.
"Missa solennis."
VIII. Church music and Oratorios.
"Solemn Mass."

Benedict, Julius, in London, a composer, the pupil of C.M. von Weber.
Benedict, Julius, in London, a composer and a student of C.M. von Weber.

Berlin.
Berlin.

Bernard, Carl, an author, editor of the "Wiener Zeitschrift."
Bernard, Carl, an author and editor of the "Wiener Zeitschrift."

Bihler, J.N., a special admirer of Beethoven, one of the subscribers to, and the bearer of, the address presented to Beethoven in the year 1824, in which the master was requested again to present himself and his works to the Viennese public.
Bihler, J.N., a devoted fan of Beethoven, was one of the subscribers and the messenger of the address given to Beethoven in 1824, in which the master was asked once more to showcase himself and his works to the Viennese public.

Birchall, music publisher in London.
Birchall, music publisher based in London.

"Birne, zur goldnen," an eating-house in the Landstrasse, Vienna.
"Birne, zur goldnen," a restaurant on Landstrasse, Vienna.

Blöchlinger, proprietor of an educational institution at Vienna.
Blöchlinger, owner of an educational institution in Vienna.

Bocklet, Carl Maria, of Prague, pianist in Vienna.
Bocklet, Carl Maria, from Prague, pianist in Vienna.

Böhm, Joseph, a distinguished concerto violinist, professor at the Vienna Conservatory, and the teacher of Joachim.
Böhm, Joseph, a renowned concerto violinist, professor at the Vienna Conservatory, and teacher of Joachim.

Bolderini.
Bolderini.

Bonn, residence of the Elector of Cologne, and Beethoven's birthplace, which he left in the year 1792, never again to visit.
Bonn, the home of the Elector of Cologne and Beethoven's birthplace, which he left in 1792 and never visited again.

Braunhofer, Dr., for some time Beethoven's surgeon at Vienna.
Braunhofer, Dr., was Beethoven's surgeon in Vienna for a while.

Breitkopf & Härtel, the well-known book and music publishers in Leipzig.
Breitkopf & Härtel, the famous book and music publishers in Leipzig.

Brentano, Bettina, became Frau von Arnim in 1811.
Brentano, Bettina, became Mrs. von Arnim in 1811.

Brentano, Clemens, the poet.
Clemens Brentano, the poet.

Brentano, F.A., merchant at Frankfort, an admirer of Beethoven's music. See also Tonie.
Brentano, F.A., a merchant in Frankfurt, who appreciates Beethoven's music. See also Tonie.

Breuning, Christoph von.
Breuning, Christoph von.

Breuning, Dr. Gerhard von, Court physician at Vienna, son of Stephan von Breuning.
Breuning, Dr. Gerhard von, court physician in Vienna, son of Stephan von Breuning.

Breuning, Eleonore von, daughter of Councillor von Breuning, in Bonn, the friend and pupil of Beethoven; in 1802 became the wife of Dr. Wegeler, afterwards consulting physician at Coblenz.
Breuning, Eleonore von, daughter of Councillor von Breuning, in Bonn, was a friend and student of Beethoven; in 1802, she married Dr. Wegeler, who later became a consulting physician in Coblenz.

Breuning, Frau von, widow of Councillor von Breuning, into whose house Beethoven was received as one of the family, and where he received his first musical impressions.
Breuning, Mrs. von, widow of Councillor von Breuning, whose home Beethoven was welcomed into as part of the family, and where he had his first musical experiences.

Breuning, Lenz (Lorenz), youngest son of the "Frau Hofrath."
Breuning, Lenz (Lorenz), the youngest son of the "Frau Hofrath."

Breuning, Stephan von, of Bonn; came to Vienna in the spring of 1800, where he became councillor, and died in 1827.
Breuning, Stephan von, from Bonn; came to Vienna in the spring of 1800, where he became a counselor, and died in 1827.

Browne, Count, of Vienna, an admirer of Beethoven's music.
Browne, Count, of Vienna, a fan of Beethoven's music.

Brühl, the, a village and favorite pleasure resort near Vienna.
Brühl, a village and popular resort near Vienna.

Brunswick, Count Franz von, of Pesth, one of Beethoven's greatest admirers and friends in Vienna.
Brunswick, Count Franz von, from Pesth, was one of Beethoven's biggest admirers and friends in Vienna.

Bonaparte, Ludwig, King of Holland.
Bonaparte, Ludwig, King of Holland.

"Cäcilia, a Journal for the Musical World," &c.
"Cäcilia, a Journal for the Musical World," &c.

Carl, Archduke. See Archduke Carl.
Carl, Archduke. See Archduke Carl.

Carlsbad.
Carlsbad.

Cassel.
Cassel.

Castlereagh, the well-known English minister.
Castlereagh, the famous English minister.

Cherubini. Visited Vienna in 1805.
Cherubini. Visited Vienna in 1805.

Clement, Franz, born 1784, died 1842, orchestral director at the "Theater an der Wien."
Clement, Franz, born 1784, died 1842, orchestral director at the "Theater an der Wien."

Clementi.
Clementi.

Collin, the famous Austrian poet.
Collin, the renowned Austrian poet.

Cornega, a singer in Vienna commended to Beethoven by Schindler.
Cornega, a singer in Vienna, was recommended to Beethoven by Schindler.

Court Theatre, Beethoven's letter to the directors of the.
Court Theatre, Beethoven's letter to the directors of the.

Cramer, John, the celebrated London pianist, also a music publisher.
Cramer, John, the famous pianist from London, is also a music publisher.

Czerny, Carl, in Vienna, the well known writer of pianoforte studies.
Czerny, Carl, in Vienna, the famous author of piano studies.

Czerny, Joseph, in Vienna.
Czerny, Joseph, in Vienna.

Deafness of Beethoven.
Beethoven's deafness.

De la Motte-Fouqué, the poet of "Undine," which he had arranged as an Opera libretto for T.A. Hoffmann.
De la Motte-Fouqué, the poet of "Undine," which he had adapted as an opera libretto for T.A. Hoffmann.

Del Rio, Giannatasio, proprietor of an academy at Vienna, under whose care Beethoven placed his nephew Carl from the year 1816 to 1818.
Del Rio, Giannatasio, owner of an academy in Vienna, where Beethoven entrusted his nephew Carl from 1816 to 1818.

Diabelli, Anton, composer and music publisher in Vienna.
Diabelli, Anton, composer and music publisher in Vienna.

Döbling, Ober- and Unter-Döbling, near Vienna, Beethoven's occasional summer residence.
Döbling, Upper and Lower Döbling, near Vienna, Beethoven's occasional summer home.

Dresden.
Dresden.

Drossdick, Baroness Thérèse, to whom Beethoven was greatly attached.
Drossdick, Baroness Thérèse, whom Beethoven was very close to.

Duport, director of the Kärnthnerthor Theatre in the year 1823.
Duport, director of the Kärnthnerthor Theatre in 1823.

Eisenstadt, in Hungary, the residence of Prince Esterhazy, where Beethoven remained on a visit in the years 1794 and 1808.
Eisenstadt, in Hungary, the home of Prince Esterhazy, where Beethoven stayed during visits in the years 1794 and 1808.

English language, Beethoven's correspondence in the.
English language, Beethoven's correspondence in the.

Erdödy Countess, in Vienna, one of Beethoven's best friends.
Erdödy Countess, in Vienna, one of Beethoven's closest friends.

Ertmann, Baroness Dorothea (née Graumann), a friend of Beethoven, and one of the most accomplished pianists in Vienna; she especially excelled in the performance of Beethoven's compositions.
Ertmann, Baroness Dorothea (née Graumann), a friend of Beethoven and one of the top pianists in Vienna; she particularly excelled in playing Beethoven's works.

Esterhazy, Prince Paul, son of the protector of Haydn, and himself, at a later period, an ardent admirer of that master.
Esterhazy, Prince Paul, son of the protector of Haydn, who later became a passionate admirer of that master himself.

France.
France.

Frank, Dr.
Dr. Frank

Frank, Frau, in Vienna.
Frank, Lady, in Vienna.

"Frau Schnaps," Beethoven's housekeeper during the latter years of his life; called also "The Fast-sailing Frigate" and "The Old Goose."
"Frau Schnaps," Beethoven's housekeeper during the later years of his life; also known as "The Fast-sailing Frigate" and "The Old Goose."

French language, Beethoven's correspondence in the.
French language, Beethoven's correspondence in the.

Fries, Count, in Vienna, an admirer of Beethoven's works.
Fries, Count, in Vienna, a fan of Beethoven's music.

Fux, the well-known old theorist and composer, in Vienna, author of the "Gradus ad Parnassum."
Fux, the famous old theorist and composer in Vienna, is the author of "Gradus ad Parnassum."

Gallizin, Prince Nikolaus Boris, at St. Petersburg, a zealous friend of art, from whom Beethoven received an order for his last quartet.
Gallizin, Prince Nikolaus Boris, in St. Petersburg, a dedicated supporter of art, from whom Beethoven got a commission for his final quartet.

Gebauer, Franz Xaver, founder of the "Concerts Spirituels" at Vienna.
Gebauer, Franz Xaver, founder of the "Concerts Spirituels" in Vienna.

Gerardi, Mdlle.
Gerardi, Ms.

Girowetz, Court musical director at the "Burgtheater."
Girowetz, musical director of the court at the "Burgtheater."

Giuliani, a celebrated guitar player at Vienna.
Giuliani, a famous guitar player in Vienna.

Gläser, Beethoven's copyist from the year 1823.
Gläser, Beethoven's copier from 1823.

Gleichenstein, Baron, of Rothweil, near Freiburg in Breisgau, a friend of Beethoven at Vienna. He left Vienna about the year 1815, and only revisited that city once afterwards, in 1824.
Gleichenstein, Baron, of Rothweil, near Freiburg in Breisgau, a friend of Beethoven in Vienna. He left Vienna around 1815 and only visited the city one more time, in 1824.

Gneixendorf, the estate of Beethoven's brother Johann, near Krems, on the Danube, which Beethoven visited, accompanied by his nephew, in the autumn of 1826.
Gneixendorf, the estate of Beethoven's brother Johann, near Krems on the Danube, which Beethoven visited with his nephew in the fall of 1826.

Goethe.
Goethe.

Gratz, in Styria.
Gratz, Styria.

Grillparzer.
Grillparzer.

Guicciardi, Countess Giulietta, Beethoven's "immortal beloved."
Guicciardi, Countess Giulietta, Beethoven's "eternal love."

Hammer-Purgstall, the distinguished Orientalist in Vienna.
Hammer-Purgstall, the renowned expert on Eastern cultures in Vienna.

Handel.
Handel

Haslinger, Tobias, music publisher at Vienna.
Haslinger, Tobias, music publisher in Vienna.

Hauschka, Vincenz, Government auditor, a friend of Beethoven.
Hauschka, Vincenz, a government auditor and a friend of Beethoven.

Heiligenstadt, near Vienna, a favorite summer residence of Beethoven, where, among other works, the "Pastoral Symphony" was written by him.
Heiligenstadt, near Vienna, a favorite summer home of Beethoven, where he composed several works, including the "Pastoral Symphony."

Hetzendorf, a favorite suburban residence near Vienna.
Hetzendorf, a popular suburban home close to Vienna.

Hoffmann, Th. Amadeus.
Hoffmann, T. Amadeus.

Hofmeister, Kapellmeister and music publisher, first in Vienna, and afterwards in company with Kühnel in Leipzig (now Peters's Bureau de Musique). See also Peters.
Hofmeister, conductor and music publisher, first in Vienna, and later in collaboration with Kühnel in Leipzig (now Peters's Bureau de Musique). See also Peters.

Holz, Carl, Government official at Vienna, an accomplished violinist, born in 1798; became a member of the Schuppanzigh Quartets in 1824, and afterwards director of the Concerts Spirituels in that capital; a Viennese of somewhat dissolute habits, by whom even the grave master himself was at times unfavorably influenced.
Holz, Carl, a government official in Vienna and a skilled violinist, was born in 1798. He joined the Schuppanzigh Quartets in 1824 and later became the director of the Concerts Spirituels in the city. He was a Viennese with somewhat careless habits, and even the serious master was sometimes negatively affected by him.

Homer, especially the Odyssey, a favorite study of Beethoven.
Homer, particularly the Odyssey, was a favorite study of Beethoven.

Hönigstein, a banker in Vienna.
Hönigstein, a banker in Vienna.

Hummel, Johann Nepomuk, the celebrated composer and pianist, a pupil of Mozart, and for some time Beethoven's rival in love matters, having married the sister of the singer Röckel, to whom Beethoven also was much attached (see also Schindler's "Biography," i. 189).
Hummel, Johann Nepomuk, the famous composer and pianist, a student of Mozart, and for a time Beethoven's romantic rival, married the sister of the singer Röckel, to whom Beethoven was also quite fond (see also Schindler's "Biography," i. 189).

Hungary, Beethoven there.
Hungary, Beethoven was there.

Imperial Court at Vienna.
Imperial Court in Vienna.

Imperial High Court of Appeal, letter from Beethoven to the.
Imperial High Court of Appeal, letter from Beethoven to the.

Jenger, Chancery officer in the Imperial War Office at Vienna, a passionate lover of music.
Jenger, a Chancery officer in the Imperial War Office in Vienna, is a passionate music lover.

Kalkbrenner.
Kalkbrenner.

Kandeler, testimonial from Beethoven in favor of.
Kandeler, testimony from Beethoven in support of.

Kanne, F.A., at Vienna, highly appreciated in his day as a poet, composer, and critic, an intimate friend of Beethoven, and occasionally his guest (see also Schindler's "Biography," i. 228).
Kanne, F.A., in Vienna, was widely recognized in his time as a poet, composer, and critic, a close friend of Beethoven, and sometimes his guest (see also Schindler's "Biography," i. 228).

Kauka, Dr., Beethoven's advocate in Prague.
Kauka, Dr., Beethoven's supporter in Prague.

Kiesewetter, Councillor von, in Vienna, the popular writer on the science of music, one of the subscribers to the great address presented to Beethoven in February, 1824.
Kiesewetter, Councillor von, in Vienna, the well-known writer on the science of music, one of the supporters of the important address given to Beethoven in February, 1824.

Kinsky, Prince Ferdinand, of Bohemia, one of Beethoven's most devoted patrons in Vienna.
Kinsky, Prince Ferdinand, of Bohemia, one of Beethoven's most dedicated supporters in Vienna.

Kinsky, Princess.
Princess Kinsky.

Kirnberger, of Berlin, the well-known theorist.
Kirnberger, a well-known theorist from Berlin.

Koch, Barbara, of Bonn, daughter of the landlord of the "Zehrgaden," the friend of Eleonore von Breuning, an amiable and intelligent lady, at whose house the leading persons of the town were accustomed to assemble; she afterwards became governess to the children of Count Belderbusch, whom she married in 1802.
Koch, Barbara, from Bonn, daughter of the owner of the "Zehrgaden," a friend of Eleonore von Breuning, a kind and smart woman, at whose home the prominent people of the town often gathered; she later became a governess for the children of Count Belderbusch, whom she married in 1802.

Könneritz, Von, principal director of the Court band and Opera in Dresden.
Könneritz, Von, principal director of the court band and opera in Dresden.

Kraft, Anton, a celebrated violoncello-player in Vienna.
Kraft, Anton, a famous cello player in Vienna.

Kuhlau, Friedrich, the distinguished flute-player, a great admirer of Beethoven's music.
Kuhlau, Friedrich, the renowned flute player, a huge fan of Beethoven's music.

Kühnel, in Leipzig. See Hofmeister.
Kühnel, in Leipzig. See Hofmeister.

Laibach, the Philharmonic Society of.
Laibach, the Philharmonic Society.

Landrecht, Beethoven's address to the honorable members of the.
Landrecht, Beethoven's address to the respected members of the.

Leidesdorf, M.J., composer and music publisher in Vienna, a subscriber to the great address presented to Beethoven in 1824.
Leidesdorf, M.J., a composer and music publisher in Vienna, was a subscriber to the grand address presented to Beethoven in 1824.

Leipzig "Allgemeine Zeitung," established in 1798; its remarks at first unfavorable towards Beethoven.
Leipzig "Allgemeine Zeitung," established in 1798; its comments were initially negative about Beethoven.

Lichnowsky, Count Moritz, brother of Prince Carl Lichnowsky, and, like him, the friend and patron of Beethoven. Schindler, in his "Biography," i. 241, n., relates as follows:-- "The acute perception of the Count led him, on a nearer acquaintance with the work, to surmise that it had been written with some special intentions. On being questioned on this matter, the author replied that he had intended to set the Count's love-story to music, and that if he needed titles for it, he might write over the first piece, 'Fight between Head and Heart,' and over the second, 'Conversation with the Loved One.' After the death of his first wife, the Count had fallen deeply in love with a distinguished opera singer, but his friends protested against such an alliance. After a contest of many years' duration, however, he at last succeeded, in 1816, in removing all hindrances to their union."
Lichnowsky, Count Moritz, brother of Prince Carl Lichnowsky, was also a friend and supporter of Beethoven. Schindler, in his "Biography," i. 241, n., writes the following: "The Count’s sharp observation led him, upon closer examination of the work, to suspect that it was created with specific intentions. When asked about this, the author replied that he intended to set the Count's love story to music and that if he needed titles for it, he could label the first piece 'Fight between Head and Heart' and the second 'Conversation with the Loved One.' After the death of his first wife, the Count fell deeply in love with a famous opera singer, but his friends opposed such a union. However, after many years of struggle, he finally succeeded, in 1816, in removing all obstacles to their marriage."

Lichnowsky, Prince Carl, a friend and pupil of Mozart, and afterwards a most zealous patron of Beethoven in Vienna (died April 15, 1814).
Lichnowsky, Prince Carl, a friend and student of Mozart, and later a very dedicated supporter of Beethoven in Vienna (died April 15, 1814).

Liechtenstein, Princess, in Vienna, Beethoven's patroness.
Liechtenstein, Princess, in Vienna, Beethoven's supporter.

Linke, born 1783, a distinguished violoncello player, member of the Rasumowsky Quartets.
Linke, born in 1783, was a talented cello player and a member of the Rasumowsky Quartets.

Lobkowitz, Prince, one of Beethoven's most zealous patrons in Vienna.
Lobkowitz, Prince, one of Beethoven's most enthusiastic supporters in Vienna.

London, England, and the English.
London, England, and the Brits.

Luther.
Luther.

Maelzel, mechanician to the Imperial Court of Vienna, the well-known inventor of the metronome.
Maelzel, a mechanic for the Imperial Court of Vienna, is a well-known inventor of the metronome.

Malchus, a youthful friend of Beethoven in Bonn, in later years Minister of Finance of the kingdom of Westphalia, and afterwards of that of Wirtemberg (died at Stuttgart in 1840).
Malchus, a young friend of Beethoven in Bonn, later became the Minister of Finance for the kingdom of Westphalia, and afterwards for the kingdom of Württemberg (he died in Stuttgart in 1840).

Malfatti, Dr., a celebrated surgeon in Vienna; Beethoven under his treatment in 1814.
Malfatti, Dr., a renowned surgeon in Vienna; Beethoven was under his care in 1814.

Marconi, contralto singer in Vienna.
Marconi, contralto singer in Vienna.

Marx, A.B., music director and professor at the University of Berlin; edited, when in his twentieth year, the "Berliner Musikzeitung," a journal whose publication, unfortunately, lasted but a few years only. Next to T.A. Hofmann, he was the first who fully and thoroughly appreciated Beethoven's music in all its depth and grandeur, and who manfully and intelligently defended the lofty genius of the master against the base attacks to which it was at times exposed; he has remained until the present day the most efficient representative of the progress of musical art.
Marx, A.B., music director and professor at the University of Berlin, edited the "Berliner Musikzeitung" when he was just 20 years old. Unfortunately, the journal only ran for a few years. Alongside T.A. Hofmann, he was one of the first to fully appreciate Beethoven's music in all its depth and greatness, and he bravely and intelligently defended the master’s high genius against the unfair criticisms it sometimes faced. To this day, he remains a key representative of the advancement of musical art.

Matthisson, the poet.
Matthisson, the poet.

Maximilian Franz, youngest brother of the Emperor Joseph II., Elector of Cologne from the year 1785, and one of the noblest and most zealous patrons of the young Beethoven, on whom, in 1785, he conferred the appointment of Court organist, and in 1787, with a view to the further cultivation of his talents, sent him to Vienna, assisting him in every way until the year 1794, at which period his country fell entirely under the dominion of France (died in 1801).
Maximilian Franz, the youngest brother of Emperor Joseph II, became the Elector of Cologne in 1785 and was one of the most noble and dedicated supporters of the young Beethoven. In 1785, he appointed Beethoven as Court organist and, in 1787, sent him to Vienna to further develop his talents, providing support in every way until 1794, when his country came completely under French control (died in 1801).

Maximilian, Friedrich, Elector of Cologne until the year 1784; the first noble patron of Beethoven, whom he placed under the instruction of the Court organist Von der Eeden, and afterwards, on the death of that musician, under Neefe; as an acknowledgment for which kindness, and in proof of the success which had attended his studies, the young composer, then only eleven years of age, dedicated his first sonatas to his benefactor.
Maximilian, Friedrich, Elector of Cologne until 1784; the first noble patron of Beethoven, who arranged for him to be taught by the Court organist Von der Eeden, and later, after that musician's death, under Neefe; as a way to express his gratitude for the support he received, and to prove the success of his studies, the young composer, at just eleven years old, dedicated his first sonatas to his benefactor.

Mayseder, the celebrated violinist (died at Vienna in 1863).
Mayseder, the famous violinist (died in Vienna in 1863).

Meyer, Friedrich Sebastian, a singer (born 1773, died 1835), the husband of Mozart's eldest sister-in-law, who frequently, even in Beethoven's presence, made some boastful remark in praise of his deceased relative; such as "My brother-in-law would not have written that!."
Meyer, Friedrich Sebastian, a singer (born 1773, died 1835), the husband of Mozart's oldest sister-in-law, often made boastful comments about his deceased relative, even in Beethoven's presence, saying things like, "My brother-in-law wouldn’t have written that!"

Metronome, an instrument for measuring tune in music, invented about the year 1815 by Maelzel, of Vienna, and often employed and spoken of by Beethoven.
Metronome, an instrument for measuring tempo in music, invented around 1815 by Maelzel from Vienna, and frequently used and mentioned by Beethoven.

Milder-Hauptmann, Mdlle., the celebrated singer, first in Vienna and afterwards in Berlin.
Milder-Hauptmann, Mdlle., the famous singer, first in Vienna and then in Berlin.

Mödling, a village near Vienna, and Beethoven's favorite summer residence.
Mödling, a village near Vienna, was Beethoven's favorite summer getaway.

Mollo, music publisher in Vienna, afterwards the firm of Steiner & Co., and at a later period that of Haslinger.
Mollo, a music publisher in Vienna, later became known as Steiner & Co., and eventually as Haslinger.

Mölk, the celebrated abbey on the Danube.
Mölk, the famous abbey on the Danube.

Mölker Bastei, the, at Vienna, on several occasions Beethoven's residence in the house of Baron von Pasqualati (see also Schindler's "Biography," i. 187).
Mölker Bastei, in Vienna, was Beethoven's home at the residence of Baron von Pasqualati on several occasions (see also Schindler's "Biography," i. 187).

Moscheles.
Moscheles.

Mosel, Hofrath Ignaz von, in Vienna, a well-known music writer, and the founder of the Conservatory of Music in that capital.
Mosel, Hofrath Ignaz von, in Vienna, a prominent music writer and the founder of the Conservatory of Music in that city.

Mozart.
Mozart.

Munich.
Munich.

Mythological subjects, reference made to, by Beethoven, who, as it is well known, possessed a considerable acquaintance with ancient history.
Mythological subjects, referenced by Beethoven, who, as is widely known, had a strong knowledge of ancient history.

Nägeli, Hans Georg, the distinguished founder of men's vocal unions in Switzerland, also a popular composer of vocal music, a music publisher, and, at a later period, educational inspector in Zurich.
Nägeli, Hans Georg, the notable founder of men's vocal groups in Switzerland, also a well-liked composer of vocal music, a music publisher, and later an educational inspector in Zurich.

Napoleon, when General Bonaparte, so greatly admired by Beethoven, that on the occasion of that General's appearance, the master was incited to compose the "Eroica," which he dedicated to him ("Napoleon Buonaparte--Luigi van Beethoven"). On hearing, however, of the coronation of his hero as Emperor, he angrily cast aside the intended presentation copy of his work, and refused to send it to him.
Napoleon, when he was General Bonaparte, was so greatly admired by Beethoven that when the General made his appearance, the composer was inspired to create the "Eroica," which he dedicated to him ("Napoleon Buonaparte--Luigi van Beethoven"). However, when Beethoven heard about his hero's coronation as Emperor, he angrily rejected the planned presentation copy of his work and refused to send it to him.

Neate, Charles, a London artist, and a great admirer of Beethoven, with whom he became acquainted in Vienna in the year 1816.
Neate, Charles, a London artist, and a huge fan of Beethoven, who he got to know in Vienna in 1816.

Nussböck, town sequestrator at Vienna, for some time the guardian of Beethoven's nephew.
Nussböck, the town trustee in Vienna, was for a while the guardian of Beethoven's nephew.

Nussdorf, a favorite summer residence on the Danube, near Vienna.
Nussdorf, a popular summer getaway along the Danube, close to Vienna.

Oliva, a philologist and friend of Beethoven. According to Schindler ("Biography," i. 228), he repaired to St. Petersburg in 1817, in which city he settled as professor of German literature; Schindler is, however, mistaken in the date which he has given.
Oliva, a linguist and friend of Beethoven. According to Schindler ("Biography," i. 228), he moved to St. Petersburg in 1817, where he became a professor of German literature; however, Schindler is mistaken about the date he provided.

Oppersdorf, Count Franz von, Beethoven's friend and patron.
Oppersdorf, Count Franz von, Beethoven's friend and supporter.

Pachler-Koschak, Marie, of Gratz, to whom Beethoven was warmly attached.
Pachler-Koschak, Marie, of Graz, to whom Beethoven was deeply fond.

Papageno.
Papageno.

Paris.
Paris.

Parry, Captain, wrote on the music of the Esquimaux.
Parry, Captain, wrote about the music of the Inuit.

Pasqualati, Baron von, merchant in Vienna, an ardent admirer of Beethoven, and his constant benefactor. In 1813 Beethoven again occupied apartments appropriated to his use by the Baron at his residence on the Mölker Bastei, and remained there until 1816.
Pasqualati, Baron von, a merchant in Vienna, was a passionate admirer of Beethoven and his constant supporter. In 1813, Beethoven once again stayed in the rooms provided for him by the Baron at his home on Mölker Bastei, where he remained until 1816.

Penzing, a village near Vienna, a favorite summer residence.
Penzing, a village near Vienna, is a popular summer getaway.

Peters, C.F., "Bureau de Musique" in Leipzig (see also Hofmeister).
Peters, C.F., "Bureau de Musique" in Leipzig (see also Hofmeister).

Peters, councillor of Prince Lobkowitz at Vienna, a friend of Beethoven.
Peters, a councilor for Prince Lobkowitz in Vienna, was a friend of Beethoven.

Philharmonic Society in London. In Laibach.
Philharmonic Society in London. In Laibach.

Pianoforte, Beethoven's remarks concerning the.
Piano, Beethoven's comments about the.

Pilat, editor of the "Austrian Observer."
Pilat, editor of the "Austrian Observer."

Plutarch.
Plutarch.

Portraits of Beethoven.
Beethoven portraits.

Potter, Cipriani, pianist in London.
Potter, Cipriani, pianist in London.

Prague.
Prague.

Prince Regent, the, afterwards George IV. of England.
Prince Regent, then George IV of England.

Probst, music publisher in Leipzig.
Probst, music publisher in Leipzig.

Prussia.
Prussia.

Punto (alias Stich) a celebrated horn player, to whom Beethoven was mainly indebted for his knowledge of that instrument (died 1804).
Punto (alias Stich), a renowned horn player, was primarily responsible for Beethoven's understanding of that instrument (died 1804).

"Queen of the Night." See Beethoven's sister-in-law.
"Queen of the Night." See Beethoven's sister-in-law.

Radziwill, Prince, at Berlin, a devoted patron of music and the composer of music to "Faust."
Radziwill, Prince, in Berlin, a dedicated supporter of music and the composer of music for "Faust."

Rampel, Beethoven's copyist about the year 1824.
Rampel, Beethoven's copyist in 1824.

Rasumowsky, Count, afterwards Prince, Russian ambassador at Vienna, an ardent lover of music.
Rasumowsky, Count, later Prince, Russian ambassador in Vienna, a passionate music lover.

Recke, Elise von der, the well-known poetess.
Recke, Elise von der, the famous poet.

Reisser, vice-director of the Polytechnic Institution at Vienna, co-guardian of Beethoven's nephew in the year 1825.
Reisser, the vice-director of the Polytechnic Institution in Vienna, co-guardian of Beethoven's nephew in 1825.

Religious and moral sentiments on particular subjects.
Religious and moral feelings about specific topics.

Rellstab, Ludwig, a writer and poet, for many years editor of the "Vossische Zeitung," in Berlin.
Rellstab, Ludwig, a writer and poet, was the editor of the "Vossische Zeitung" in Berlin for many years.

Ries, Ferdinand, son of the preceding, a pupil of Beethoven and a distinguished composer. Quitted Vienna in 1805, and, with the exception of a short residence there, on his return from Russia in the autumn of 1808, never again returned to that capital (Schindler, i. 227).
Ries, Ferdinand, the son of the previous one, was a student of Beethoven and a notable composer. He left Vienna in 1805 and, apart from a brief stay upon his return from Russia in the fall of 1808, he never went back to that city (Schindler, i. 227).

Ries, Franz, Court musician to the Elector of Cologne, a helpful friend to Beethoven (born 1755).
Ries, Franz, court musician to the Elector of Cologne, was a supportive friend to Beethoven (born 1755).

Rochlitz, Friedrich, the well-known writer on the science of music, and for nearly twenty-five years editor of the Leipzig "Allgemeine Musikzeitung," a man who, notwithstanding his entire lack of historical acumen and his limited acquaintance with the technicalities of music, did very much towards liberating the art from its mechanical condition, and promoting its intellectual appreciation by the public. He was in Vienna in the year 1822, where he became personally acquainted with Beethoven, but never fully appreciated the genius of the master,--a circumstance which Beethoven himself most deeply felt, even after the retirement of Rochlitz from the editorship of that journal, and which formed the subject of many ironical remarks on the part of Beethoven respecting these representatives of the so-called Old-German national composers.
Rochlitz, Friedrich, the famous writer on music science and editor of the Leipzig "Allgemeine Musikzeitung" for nearly twenty-five years, was a man who, despite having little historical insight and a limited understanding of music's technicalities, did a lot to free the art from its mechanical state and to enhance the public's intellectual appreciation of it. He was in Vienna in 1822, where he met Beethoven, but he never fully recognized the genius of the master—a fact that deeply affected Beethoven, even after Rochlitz stepped down from his role as editor. This became a topic of many ironic comments from Beethoven about representatives of the so-called Old-German national composers.

Röckel, singer of the part of Florestan in Vienna in 1806, still living at Bath, in England.
Röckel, the singer who played Florestan in Vienna in 1806, is still living in Bath, England.

Rode, the celebrated violinist; came to Vienna in the winter of 1812-13, where he became acquainted with Beethoven.
Rode, the famous violinist, came to Vienna in the winter of 1812-13, where he met Beethoven.

Rudolph, Archduke, youngest brother of the Emperor Franz, born 1788, died 1831, a passionate lover of music, and himself a composer; he became Beethoven's pupil in 1808, and in 1819 Cardinal-Archbishop of Olmütz.
Rudolph, Archduke, the youngest brother of Emperor Franz, born in 1788 and died in 1831, was a passionate music lover and a composer himself. He became Beethoven's student in 1808, and in 1819 he served as the Cardinal-Archbishop of Olmütz.

Russia.
Russia.

Rzehatschek, in Vienna.
Rzehatschek, in Vienna.

Salieri, Kapellmeister at Vienna, a contemporary and rival of Haydn and Mozart, for some time Beethoven's instructor in the dramatic style.
Salieri, the Kapellmeister in Vienna, was a contemporary and rival of Haydn and Mozart, and for a time, he was Beethoven's teacher in the dramatic style.

Salomon, J.P., of Bonn, the celebrated violinist, until the year 1782 director of the concerts of Prince Heinrich of Prussia; he afterwards came to London, where he became chiefly instrumental in the introduction of German music into that capital; as is well known, it was owing to him also that J. Haydn was induced to visit England.
Salomon, J.P., from Bonn, the famous violinist, served as the director of the concerts for Prince Heinrich of Prussia until 1782. He then moved to London, where he played a major role in bringing German music to the city. It's also well known that he was key in encouraging J. Haydn to visit England.

Sarastro.
Sarastro.

Sartorius, royal censor at Vienna (see also Schindler's "Biography," ii. 69).
Sartorius, royal censor in Vienna (see also Schindler's "Biography," ii. 69).

Saxony. See also Dresden.
Saxony. See also Dresden.

Schade, Dr., advocate at Augsburg, a helpful friend of the young Beethoven.
Schade, Dr., a lawyer in Augsburg, a supportive friend of the young Beethoven.

Schenk, the well-known composer of the "Village Barber," for some time Beethoven's instructor in Vienna (died 1836).
Schenk, the famous composer of the "Village Barber," was Beethoven's teacher in Vienna for a while (died 1836).

Schiller.
Schiller.

Schindler, Anton, of Moravia, Beethoven's sincere friend and biographer (born 1790, died 1864); he became acquainted with Beethoven towards the end of March, 1814.
Schindler, Anton, from Moravia, Beethoven's true friend and biographer (born 1790, died 1864); he met Beethoven in late March 1814.

Schlemmer, for many years Beethoven's copyist until 1823.
Schlemmer was Beethoven's copyist for many years until 1823.

Schlemmer, a gentleman living in the Alleengasse, auf der Wieden, in whose house Beethoven placed his nephew Carl (not to be confounded with the copyist of the same name).
Schlemmer, a man living on Alleengasse in Wieden, in whose home Beethoven accommodated his nephew Carl (not to be confused with the copyist of the same name).

Schlesinger, Moritz, music publisher in Berlin and Paris.
Schlesinger, Moritz, music publisher in Berlin and Paris.

Schmidt, Dr., army surgeon in Vienna.
Schmidt, Dr., army surgeon in Vienna.

Schoberlechner, Franz, pianist.
Franz Schoberlechner, pianist.

Scholz, music director in Warmbrunn.
Scholz, music director in Warmbrunn.

Schönauer, Dr., Court advocate and barrister at Vienna, appointed by Beethoven's brother Carl testamentary trustee to his nephew--an intriguing lawsuit-pettifogger.
Schönauer, Dr., court advocate and lawyer in Vienna, appointed by Beethoven's brother Carl as the executor of his nephew's will—an interesting legal battle with a tricky lawyer.

Schott, music publisher in Mayence.
Schott, music publisher in Mainz.

Schröder, Wilhelmine, the great singer.
Schröder, Wilhelmine, the great vocalist.

Schuppanzigh, Ignaz, born 1776, died 1830, the celebrated violinist, whose extraordinary corpulence was a frequent subject of Beethoven's witticisms; he was, however, the first who fully appreciated Beethoven's music for stringed instruments, which he performed in a masterly manner. Resided in Russia from 1816 to 1823.
Schuppanzigh, Ignaz, born 1776, died 1830, was the famous violinist known for his remarkable size, which often became the target of Beethoven's jokes; however, he was the first to truly appreciate Beethoven's music for string instruments, which he played expertly. He lived in Russia from 1816 to 1823.

Schweiger, Joseph Freiherr von, chamberlain to the Archduke Rudolph.
Schweiger, Joseph Baron von, chamberlain to Archduke Rudolph.

Schweizer, Ed. Friedrich von, chamberlain to the Archduke Anton, an admirer of Beethoven's music and subscriber to the address of February 1824.
Schweizer, Ed. Friedrich von, chamberlain to Archduke Anton, a fan of Beethoven's music and a subscriber to the address of February 1824.

Sebald, Auguste, the singer.
Auguste Sebald, the singer.

Seibert, Dr., surgeon in Vienna, Beethoven's operator.
Seibert, Dr., surgeon in Vienna, Beethoven's doctor.

Seyfried, Ignaz Ritter von, the well-known composer, publisher of the spurious edition of "Studies by Ludwig van Beethoven," Kapellmeister in Vienna.
Seyfried, Ignaz Ritter von, the well-known composer and publisher of the fake edition of "Studies by Ludwig van Beethoven," Kapellmeister in Vienna.

Shakespeare, deeply read and greatly admired by Beethoven.
Shakespeare, well-read and highly admired by Beethoven.

Siboni, a distinguished tenorist in Vienna.
Siboni, a renowned tenor in Vienna.

Sight, Beethoven's weakness of.
Beethoven's weakness: eyesight.

Simrock, Court musician (horn player) to the Elector of Cologne, and music publisher in Bonn, a friend of Beethoven's early days.
Simrock, a court musician (horn player) for the Elector of Cologne and a music publisher in Bonn, was a friend from Beethoven's early days.

His son, the present proprietor of the business in Bonn, at Vienna in the summer of 1816.
His son, the current owner of the business in Bonn, was in Vienna during the summer of 1816.

Sketch by Beethoven.
Beethoven's sketch.

Smart, Sir George, music publisher in London, a great admirer of Beethoven's music.
Smart, Sir George, music publisher in London, a huge fan of Beethoven's music.

Smetana, Dr., surgeon at Vienna; gained considerable popularity by his treatment of deafness.
Smetana, Dr., a surgeon in Vienna; gained significant popularity for his treatment of deafness.

"Society of Friends to Music in the Austrian States" at Vienna.
"Society of Friends of Music in the Austrian States" in Vienna.

Sonntag, Henriette, the celebrated singer.
Henriette Sonntag, the famous singer.

Spiecker. Dr., of Berlin.
Dr. Spiecker, Berlin.

Spohr.
Spohr.

Stadler, Abbé Maximilian (born 1748, died 1833), a composer, and the friend of Mozart; an opponent of the Beethoven school of music (see Schindler's "Biography," i. 80; ii. 109).
Stadler, Abbé Maximilian (born 1748, died 1833), was a composer and a friend of Mozart; he was an opponent of the Beethoven school of music (see Schindler's "Biography," i. 80; ii. 109).

Standenheim, a celebrated physician in Vienna.
Standenheim, a renowned doctor in Vienna.

Stein, pianoforte manufacturer at Vienna, brother of Frau Nanette Streicher.
Stein, piano maker in Vienna, brother of Mrs. Nanette Streicher.

Steiner, S.A., music publisher in Vienna, succeeded by T. Haslinger.
Steiner, S.A., music publisher in Vienna, was succeeded by T. Haslinger.

Sterkel, Franz Xaver, a pleasing pianist and composer, whom Beethoven visited at Aschaffenburg in 1791, and greatly astonished by his pianoforte playing.
Sterkel, Franz Xaver, a talented pianist and composer, whom Beethoven visited in Aschaffenburg in 1791, was greatly impressed by his piano playing.

Stoll, a young poet at Vienna.
Stoll, a young poet in Vienna.

Streicher, Andreas, the well-known friend of Schiller's early days. He married, when in his nineteenth year, Nanette Stein, only daughter of the celebrated pianoforte manufacturer at Augsburg, whom he took with him to Vienna, where he first became teacher of the pianoforte, and afterwards, by the assistance of his wife, who had made herself acquainted with her father's art, founder of the celebrated Streicher pianoforte manufactory. Schindler, in his "Biography," i. 187, speaks of the interest taken by Frau Streicher in Beethoven's domestic matters.
Streicher, Andreas, a well-known friend from Schiller’s early days, got married at nineteen to Nanette Stein, the only daughter of the famous piano manufacturer from Augsburg. He took her with him to Vienna, where he first became a piano teacher and later, with the help of his wife who had learned her father's craft, founded the renowned Streicher piano manufacturing company. Schindler, in his "Biography," i. 187, mentions Frau Streicher’s interest in Beethoven's personal affairs.

Stumpff, harp manufacturer in London, an admirer of Beethoven's works.
Stumpff, a harp maker in London, is a fan of Beethoven's music.

Swedish Academy of Music.
Swedish Music Academy.

Theatres:
Josephstadt;
Kärnthnerthor;
"An der Wien."
Theaters:
Josephstadt;
Kärntnertor;
"At the Wien."

Tiedge, the poet of "Urania," and also of the song "An die Hoffnung," so much admired by Beethoven, and several times set to music by him.
Tiedge, the poet of "Urania," and also of the song "An die Hoffnung," which Beethoven admired greatly and set to music several times.

Tonie, Antonie, of Birkenstock, daughter of a family in Vienna from which Beethoven received great kindness from the first period of his residence in that capital, and in which, in the year 1810, Bettina lived, who afterwards became the wife of B.A. Brentano, a merchant in Frankfort, to whom Beethoven was greatly indebted.
Tonie, Antonie, from Birkenstock, is the daughter of a family in Vienna that showed Beethoven great kindness during his early years in that city. In 1810, Bettina lived there, who later became the wife of B.A. Brentano, a merchant in Frankfurt, to whom Beethoven owed a lot.

Töplitz, in Bohemia.
Töplitz, in the Czech Republic.

Trautmannsdorf, Prince, High Chamberlain.
Trautmannsdorf, Prince, Head Steward.

Travels and travelling projects of Beethoven. See also London.
Travels and trips of Beethoven. See also London.

Treitschke, stage poet at Vienna.
Treitschke, stage poet in Vienna.

Unger, the celebrated singer.
Unger, the famous singer.

University, the, of Vienna.
University of Vienna.

Ursulines, convent of the, at Gratz, in Styria, music supplied by Beethoven in aid of.
Ursuline Convent in Graz, Styria, had music provided by Beethoven to support it.

Varenna, Kammerprocurator at Gratz.
Varenna, Kammerprocurator at Graz.

Varnhagen von Ense.
Varnhagen von Ense.

Vering, Dr., army surgeon at Vienna.
Vering, Dr., army surgeon in Vienna.

Vienna, Beethoven's settled residence from the year 1792, of which, however, he never spoke favorably.
Vienna, where Beethoven lived permanently starting in 1792, was a place he never spoke about positively.

Wawruch, Dr., clinical professor, Beethoven's last surgeon.
Wawruch, Dr., clinical professor, Beethoven's last surgeon.

Weber, Carl Maria von.
Carl Maria von Weber.

Weber, Gottfried, theorist and composer.
Weber, Gottfried, theorist and composer.

Wegeler, Dr., of Bonn, an early friend of Beethoven.
Wegeler, Dr., from Bonn, was an early friend of Beethoven.

Weigl, Joseph, composer of the "Swiss Family," Kapellmeister at Vienna.
Weigl, Joseph, composer of the "Swiss Family," music director in Vienna.

Weinmüller, singer at the Kärnthnerthor Theatre.
Weinmüller, singer at the Kärnthnerthor Theatre.

Weiss, tenor player at Vienna.
Weiss, tenor saxophonist in Vienna.

Westphalia, Beethoven offered the appointment of Kapellmeister to the King of, in 1808.
Westphalia, Beethoven offered the position of Kapellmeister to the King in 1808.

Wieden, a suburb of Vienna, on several occasions Beethoven's residence.
Wieden, a suburb of Vienna, was Beethoven's home on several occasions.

Wieland.
Wieland.

Wills, Beethoven's.
Beethoven's Will.

Wolf, Dr., advocate in Prague.
Dr. Wolf, advocate in Prague.

Zelter, the song composer and friend of Goethe, director of the Academy of Vocal Music at Berlin.
Zelter, the songwriter and friend of Goethe, is the director of the Academy of Vocal Music in Berlin.

Zmeskall von Domanowecz, Court secretary at Vienna, one of Beethoven's earliest friends in the Imperial city, a good violoncello player and also a composer.
Zmeskall von Domanowecz, court secretary in Vienna, one of Beethoven's earliest friends in the imperial city, a skilled cello player and also a composer.

Zulehner, music publisher at Mayence.
Zulehner, music publisher in Mainz.

Zurich.
Zurich.

THE END

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