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1001 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON
ORTHOGRAPHY and READING.
BY
B.A. HATHAWAY,
Author of the "1001 Question and Answer Book Series.
THE BURROWS BROTHERS COMPANY,
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
IN THE SAME SERIES.
1001 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON
U.S. HISTORY,
1001 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON
GEOGRAPHY.
1001 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON
GRAMMAR.
1001 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON
ARITHMETIC.
1001 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON
THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF TEACHING.
1001 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON
PHYSIOLOGY AND HYGIENE.
1001 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON
ORTHOGRAPHY AND READING.
1001 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON
GENERAL HISTORY.
1001 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON
BOTANY.
1001 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON
TEST EXAMPLES IN ARITHMETIC.
PREFATORY NOTE.
In presenting this, the seventh book of the "1001 Question and Answer Series," we feel that a great want is partially met. It is evident, from the number of inquiries made for such a book, that the works devoted to the subject of Orthography are very limited.
In presenting this, the seventh book of the "1001 Question and Answer Series," we believe that a significant need is somewhat addressed. It's clear, based on the volume of requests for this type of book, that the resources focused on the topic of spelling are quite scarce.
We are also aware that the Authors of the different Grammars devote such a limited space to the subject of Orthoepy and technical Orthography, that both Teacher and Pupil turn away from the subject in disgust.
We also know that the authors of various grammar books give very little attention to the topics of pronunciation and technical spelling, which causes both teachers and students to lose interest in the subject.
In preparing this list of questions and answers we have consulted the best authority of the present day, and believe we have gone over the ground in such a way that it will meet the approval of all interested.
In putting together this list of questions and answers, we've consulted the best experts today and believe we've covered everything thoroughly to satisfy everyone involved.
The questions and answers on Reading we trust will add to the interest of the book, and only hope that it will be received with as gracious a welcome and hearty approval as the rest of the series.
The questions and answers on Reading will hopefully make the book more engaging, and we just hope it gets the same warm reception and strong approval as the rest of the series.
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
PAGE.
Letters, 5
Letters, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__
Orthoepy, 13
Pronunciation, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__
Substitutes, 17
Replacements, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__
Definitions and Words, 20
Definitions and Words, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__
Rules and Terms, 25
Terms and Conditions, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__
Numerical Values of the Letters, 32
Numerical Values of Letters, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__
Capitals and Italics, 35
Capitals and italics, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__
Abbreviations, 38
Abbreviations, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__
Accent and Punctuation, 40
Accent and Punctuation, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__
Diacritical Marks, 44
Diacritical Marks, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__
Prefixes and Suffixes, 46
Prefixes and Suffixes, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__
Promiscuous Questions, 56
Promiscuous Questions, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__
Reading and Elocution, 60
Reading and Public Speaking, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__
Miscellaneous Exercises, 80
Miscellaneous Exercises, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__
LETTERS.
1. What is Orthography?
What is spelling?
The science and art of the Letters of a language.
The science and art of the letters of a language.
2. Of what does Orthography treat?
2. What is Orthography about?
The nature and power of letters, and correct spelling.
The nature and power of letters, and correct spelling.
3. From what is the word Orthography derived?
3. What is the origin of the word Orthography?
Two Greek words, signifying "To write right."
Two Greek words, meaning "To write correctly."
4. What is a Letter?
4. What’s a Letter?
A character used to represent an elementary sound, or combination of sounds.
A character used to represent a basic sound, or a combination of sounds.
5. What is an Alphabet of a Language?
5. What is an Alphabet of a Language?
A complete list of its letters.
A full list of its letters.
6. What is the origin of the word Alphabet?
6. Where does the word Alphabet come from?
It is derived from the first two letters of the Greek Alphabet: Alpha and Beta.
It comes from the first two letters of the Greek alphabet: Alpha and Beta.
7. Where did the Alphabet originate?
7. Where did the alphabet come from?
The English comes from the Greek, which was brought by Cadmus from Phoenicia, about the year 1490 B.C.
The English language has its roots in Greek, which Cadmus brought from Phoenicia around 1490 B.C.
8. What was the first Alphabet ever used?
8. What was the first alphabet ever used?
The Hebrew.
The Hebrew language.
9 How many letters were in the original Alphabet?
9 How many letters were in the original alphabet?
Sixteen.
Sixteen.
10. Where did the other letters originate?
10. Where did the other letters come from?
They have been added since the time of Cadmus, as their use became necessary.
They have been added since the time of Cadmus, as their use became necessary.
11. What was the last letter added to the English Alphabet?
11. What was the last letter added to the English alphabet?
W.
W.
12. Why was it called W?
12. Why is it called W?
On account of it being composed of two u's, or a double u.
On account of it having two u's, or a double u.
13. How many letters in the English Alphabet?
13. How many letters are in the English Alphabet?
Twenty-six.
26.
14. How many in the Latin Alphabet?
14. How many letters are in the Latin Alphabet?
Twenty-five.
25.
15. What is the difference between the Latin Alphabet and the English?
15. What's the difference between the Latin Alphabet and English?
The Latin omits the letter W.
The Latin language doesn't have the letter W.
16. What Alphabet has the greatest number of letters?
16. Which alphabet has the most letters?
The Chinese.
The Chinese people.
17. How many letters in the Chinese Alphabet?
17. How many letters are in the Chinese alphabet?
Over two hundred.
More than two hundred.
18. What is a Perfect Alphabet?
18. What is a Ideal Alphabet?
One which contains the same number of letters that it has elementary sounds.
One that has the same number of letters as it has basic sounds.
19. Is the English a perfect Alphabet?
19. Is the English alphabet flawless?
It is not.
It isn't.
20. How many Elementary sounds in the English Language?
20. How many basic sounds are there in the English language?
About forty-three.
About 43.
21. What is an Imperfect Alphabet?
21. What is an Imperfect Alphabet?
One in which the number of sounds exceeds the number of letters.
One where the number of sounds is greater than the number of letters.
22. What is an Equivocal Alphabet?
22. What is an Ambiguous Alphabet?
An Imperfect one.
An Imperfect one.
23. What is an Unequivocal Alphabet?
23. What is a Clear Alphabet?
Same as Perfect.
Same as Perfect.
24. Is the English Alphabet Equivocal or Unequivocal?
24. Is the English Alphabet Clear or Unclear?
Equivocal.
Ambiguous.
25. What is a Univocal Alphabet?
25. What is a Univocal Alphabet?
One that has a separate character for each elementary sound.
One that has a unique symbol for each basic sound.
26. What is an Alphabetic Language?
26. What is an Alphabetic Language?
A language in which the characters represent separate articulate sounds.
A language where the letters stand for individual, distinct sounds.
27. What is a Phonetic Alphabet?
27. What is a phonetic alphabet?
One in which there is a separate character for each elementary sound.
One where there’s a different character for each basic sound.
28. Is there any Phonetic Alphabet of the English Language?
28. Is there a phonetic alphabet for the English language?
There have been several published, but they are not in general use.
There have been several published, but they are not widely used.
29. How many letters in the English Phonetic Alphabet?
29. How many letters are in the English Phonetic Alphabet?
Forty-three.
43.
30. What is the name of a Letter?
30. What is the name of a letter?
The appellation by which it is known.
The name by which it is known.
31. What is the difference between a Letter and its Name?
31. What’s the difference between a letter and its name?
The letter is the character, and the name is its appellation.
The letter is the character, and the name is what it's called.
32. What Letters name themselves?
32. Which letters identify themselves?
The vowels A, E, I, O, and U.
The vowels A, E, I, O, and U.
33. How are the Letters divided?
33. How are the letters categorized?
Into Vowels and Consonants.
Into Vowels and Consonants.
34. What are Vowels?
34. What are vowels?
Those letters which represent only pure tones.
Those letters that represent only pure tones.
35. Name all the Vowels.
Name all the vowels.
A, E, I, O, U, and in some situations W and Y.
A, E, I, O, U, and in some cases W and Y.
36. What is a Consonant?
36. What’s a Consonant?
A letter that represents an interruption of sound or breath.
A letter that signifies a pause in sound or breath.
37. Why called Consonants?
37. Why are they called Consonants?
Because they cannot be used alone in a word, but must be connected with a Vowel.
Because they can't be used on their own in a word, but must be connected to a vowel.
38. How many kinds of Consonants are there?
38. How many types of consonants are there?
Two; single Letters and Combinations.
Two: single letters and combos.
39. Name the Consonant letters.
39. Name the consonants.
B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Y, and Z.
B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Y, and Z.
40. Name the Consonant Combinations.
40. Name the Consonant Blends.
Th, Sh, Ch, Zh, Wh, and Ng.
Th, Sh, Ch, Zh, Wh, and Ng.
41. Name the two Orders of the Consonants.
41. List the two Orders of the Consonants.
Mutes and Semi-vowels.
Mutes and Semi-vowels.
42. What are Mutes?
42. What are Mutes?
Those letters which admit of no escape of breath while the organs of speech are in contact.
Those letters that don't allow any breath to escape while the speech organs are in contact.
43. Name the Mutes.
43. Identify the Mutes.
B, D, K, P, T, and C and G hard.
B, D, K, P, T, C, and G are tough.
44. What other term is often applied to the Mutes?
44. What other term is often used to refer to the Mutes?
Close Consonant.
Close Consonant.
45. What are Semi-vowels?
What are semi-vowels?
Those letters that admit of an escape of breath while the organs of speech are in contact.
Those letters that allow a breath to escape while the speech organs are touching.
46. Name the Semi-vowels.
46. List the Semi-vowels.
F, H, J, L, M, N, R, S, V, W, X, Y, Z, and C and G soft.
F, H, J, L, M, N, R, S, V, W, X, Y, Z, C, and G are gentle.
47. Are the Combinations Mutes or Semi-vowels?
47. Are the Combinations Mutes or Semi-vowels?
They are all Semi-vowels.
They are all semi-vowels.
48. What letters are called Nasals?
Which letters are called Nasals?
M, N, and Ng.
M, N, and Ng.
49. What other term is often applied to the Semi-vowels?
49. What other term is commonly used for the Semi-vowels?
Loose Consonant.
Loose Consonant.
50. What letters are called Liquids?
50. What letters are Liquids?
L, M, N, and R.
L, M, N, and R.
51. Why are the Liquids so called?
51. Why are the Liquids called that?
Because of their flowing sound, which readily unites with the sound of other letters.
Because of their smooth sound, which easily blends with the sounds of other letters.
52. What are Sibilants?
52. What are sibilants?
Letters which have a hissing sound; as, S and Z.
Letters that make a hissing sound, like S and Z.
53. What letter is called the Mute Sibilant?
53. Which letter is referred to as the Mute Sibilant?
The letter X.
The letter X.
54. What letters represent no sound of their own?
54. Which letters don't have their own sound?
C, Q, and X.
C, Q, and X.
55. What are these letters called?
What are these letters?
Redundant letters.
Unnecessary letters.
56. Why are they so named?
56. Why are they called that?
Because they are not necessary for the completion of the Alphabet.
Because they aren't needed to complete the Alphabet.
57. By what letters are the sounds of C represented?
57. What letters represent the sounds of C?
K and S.
K & S.
58. What letters represent the sound of Q?
58. Which letters make the sound of Q?
Kw.
Kw.
59. What letters represent the sound X?
59. What letters stand for the sound X?
Ks.
Ks.
60. What letters of themselves form words?
60. What letters on their own create words?
A, I, and O.
A, I, and O.
61. Spell all of the Consonants.
61. Spell all the consonants.
Bee, Cee, Dee, Eff, Gee, Aitch, Jay, Kay, Ell, Em, En, Pee, Kw, Ar, Ess, Tee, Vee, Double-u, Ex, Wy, and Zee.—Goold Brown.
Bee, Cee, Dee, Eff, Gee, Aitch, Jay, Kay, Ell, Em, En, Pee, Kw, Ar, Ess, Tee, Vee, Double-u, Ex, Wy, and Zee.—Goold Brown.
62. What letters are called the Twins?
62. Which letters are referred to as the Twins?
Q and U.
Q and U.
63. Why so called?
63. Why's it called that?
Because Q is always followed by U in English spelling.
Because Q is always followed by U in English spelling.
64. Is there any exception to this rule?
64. Is there any exception to this rule?
The word LEECLERCQ is sometimes given as an example, but in English it is spelled LEECLERC.
The word LEECLERCQ is sometimes used as an example, but in English, it's spelled LEECLERC.
65. What is meant by style of letters?
65. What does "style of letters" mean?
Different type; as, Roman, Script, Italics, etc.
Different types; like, Roman, Script, Italics, etc.
66. How many forms have letters?
How many forms have letters?
Two.
Two.
67. What are they?
67. *What are they?*
Small letters and Capitals.
Small letters and capitals.
68. What are the Natural Divisions of Consonants?
68. What are the Natural Divisions of Consonants?
Subvocals and Aspirates.
Subvocal sounds and breathy sounds.
69. What are Subvocals?
69. What are Subvocals?
Those Consonants which produce an undertone of voice when their sounds are uttered.
Those consonants that create a low voice tone when they are pronounced.
70. Name the Subvocals.
70. Identify the Subvocals.
B, D, G hard; J and G soft; L, M, N, R, V, W, Y, Z, Zh, and Ng.
B, D, G hard; J and G soft; L, M, N, R, V, W, Y, Z, Zh, and Ng.
71. What are Aspirates?
71. What are Aspirates?
Mere whispers made by the organs of speech and breath.
Mere whispers produced by the voice and breath.
72. Name the Aspirates.
72. List the Aspirates.
C, F, H, K, P, Q, S, T, X, Ch, Sh, and Wh.
C, F, H, K, P, Q, S, T, X, Ch, Sh, and Wh.
73. What Combination is both Aspirate and Subvocal?
73. Which combination is both aspirated and subvocal?
Th.
Th.
74. What are Cognate letters?
74. What are cognate letters?
Those which are produced by the same organs of speech in a similar position.
Those produced by the same speech organs in a similar position.
75. Give an example of a Cognate letter.
75. Provide an example of a cognate letter.
D is a cognate of T.
D is connected to T.
76. What are Quiescent letters?
76. What are Quiescent letters?
Those that are silent.
The silent ones.
77. How many uses have Silent letters?
77. How many uses do silent letters have?
Five.
Five.
78. What are they?
What are they?
To modify vowels; to modify consonants; to determine signification; to determine origin; and to distinguish words of like signification.
To change vowels; to change consonants; to define meaning; to identify origin; and to differentiate words with similar meanings.
79. What are Explodents?
79. What are Explodents?
Those letters whose sound cannot be prolonged.
Those letters that cannot be held out when pronounced.
80. Name the Explodents.
80. Name the Explodents.
B, D, G, J, P, Q, T, and K.
B, D, G, J, P, Q, T, and K.
81. What are the principle organs of speech?
81. What are the main organs of speech?
Lips, teeth, tongue, and palate.
Lips, teeth, tongue, and roof of mouth.
82. What is meant by Organical division of the consonants?
82. What does Organic division of the consonants mean?
Pertaining to those particular organs used in their pronunciation.
Pertaining to those specific organs used in their pronunciation.
83. Name the Organical divisions.
83. Name the organic divisions.
Labials, Dentals, Linguals, and Palatals.
Labials, Dentals, Linguals, and Palatals.
84. What are Labials?
What are labials?
Those letters whose sounds are modified by the lips.
Those letters that have their sounds changed by the lips.
85. Name them.
List them.
B, F, M, P, V, W, and Wh.
B, F, M, P, V, W, and Wh.
86. What are Dentals?
86. What are Dentals?
Those letters whose sounds are modified by the teeth.
Those letters whose sounds are changed by the teeth.
87. Name them.
87. List them.
J, S, Z, Ch, Sh, Zh, C and G soft.
J, S, Z, Ch, Sh, Zh, C, and G are soft.
88. What are Linguals?
88. What are Linguals?
Those letters whose sounds are modified by the tongue.
Those letters whose sounds are changed by the tongue.
89. Name them.
89. List them.
D, L, N, R, T, Y, and Th.
D, L, N, R, T, Y, and Th.
90. What are Palatals?
90. What are palatal sounds?
Those letters whose sounds are modified by the palate.
Those letters that have their sounds changed by the palate.
91. Name them.
List them.
K, Q, X, Ng, C and G hard.
K, Q, X, Ng, C, and G are pronounced hard.
92. What letters have no Organical classification?
92. Which letters don’t have an organic classification?
H, and all the vowels.
H, and all the vowels.
93. What is an Aphthong?
93. What is an Aphthong?
A silent letter or combination.
A silent letter or combo.
94. How many kinds of Aphthongs?
94. How many types of Aphthongs?
Three.
Three.
95. What are they?
95. What are those?
Vowels, Consonants, and Combinations.
Vowels, Consonants, and Blends.
96. What letters are never silent?
What letters are never quiet?
F, J, Q, R, and X.
F, J, Q, R, and X.
97. In what words is V silent?
97. When is V silent?
Sevennight and twelvemonth.
Week and year.
98. In what word is Z silent?
98. In which word is Z silent?
Rendezvous.
Meetup.
99. What letters are never doubled?
99. Which letters are never doubled?
X and H.
X and H.
100. How many words contain all the vowels in regular order?
100. How many words have all the vowels in the correct order?
Two.
Two.
101. What are they?
101. What are they?
Abstemious and Facetious.
Abstinent and Joking.
102. What is a Diphthong?
What’s a diphthong?
Two vowels sounded together in the same syllable.
Two vowels sounded together in the same syllable.
103. Name the Diphthongs.
103. Identify the Diphthongs.
Ou, Ow, Oi, and Oy.
Ou, Ow, Oi, and Oy.
104. How many sounds do they represent?
104. How many sounds do they stand for?
Two.
Two.
105. What are the sounds called?
105. What are those sounds called?
Diphthongal sounds.
Diphthong sounds.
106. How many kinds of Diphthongs are there?
106. How many types of Diphthongs are there?
Two.
Two.
107. What are they?
107. What are they?
Separable and Inseparable.
Separable and Inseparable
108. Which ones are Separable?
108. Which ones are separable?
Oi and Oy.
Oi and Oy.
109. What is an Improper Diphthong?
109. What’s an Improper Diphthong?
The union of two vowels in a syllable, one of which is silent.
The combination of two vowels in a syllable, where one is silent.
110. By what other name are they known?
110. What are their other names?
Digraph.
Digraph.
111. How many Digraphs are there?
111. How many digraphs exist?
Twenty-five.
25.
112. Name them.
112. List them.
Aa, Ae, Ai, Ao, Au, Aw, Ay, Ea, Ee, Ei, Eo, Eu, Ew, Ey, Ie, Oa, Oe, Oi, Oo, Ou, Ow, Ua, Ue, Ui, and Uy.
Aa, Ae, Ai, Ao, Au, Aw, Ay, Ea, Ee, Ei, Eo, Eu, Ew, Ey, Ie, Oa, Oe, Oi, Oo, Ou, Ow, Ua, Ue, Ui, and Uy.
113. What is a Trigraph?
113. What’s a Trigraph?
A union of three vowels in one syllable, two of which are silent, or all three representing one sound.
A combination of three vowels in one syllable, two of which are silent, or all three making one sound.
114. How many Trigraphs are there?
114. How many trigraphs are there?
Eight.
8.
115. Name them.
115. List them.
Awe, Aye, Eau, Eou, Eye, Ieu, Iew, and Uoi.
Awe, Aye, Eau, Eou, Eye, Ieu, Iew, and Uoi.
116. What is a Tetragraph?
116. What is a Tetragraph?
Union of four vowels in one syllable.
Union of four vowels in a single syllable.
117. How many Tetragraphs are there?
117. How many Tetragraphs exist?
One.
One.
119. May the terms Digraph, etc., be used with the Consonants?
119. Can the terms Digraph, etc., be used with the Consonants?
They may.
They might.
120. Give example of Consonant Digraph.
120. Provide an example of a consonant digraph.
Gh, in the word laugh.
Gh, in the word laugh.
121. Give example of Consonant Trigraph.
121. Provide an example of a consonant trigraph.
Thr, in the word throw.
Thr, in the word throw.
122. Give example of Consonant Tetragraph.
122. Give an example of a consonant tetragraph.
Phth, in the word phthisic.
Phth, in the word phthisic.
123. What is a regular Triphthong?
123. What is a normal Triphthong?
A vowel trigraph in which all three of the vowels are sounded.
A vowel group of three letters where all three vowels are pronounced.
124. Give an example.
124. Provide an example.
Quoit.
Ring toss.
ORTHOEPY.
1. What is Orthoepy?
What is Orthoepy?
That science which treats of the elementary sounds and the pronunciation of words.
That branch of science that deals with basic sounds and how words are pronounced.
2. What is Phonology?
What is phonology?
The science of the elementary sounds uttered by the human voice in speech.
The study of the basic sounds produced by the human voice in speech.
3. What is an Elementary sound?
3. What is an elementary sound?
One that cannot be divided so as to be represented by two or more letters.
One that can’t be split up to be shown by two or more letters.
4. What is Sound?
4. What is Sound?
A sensation produced on the auditory nerve by the rapid vibratory motion of any elastic substance.
A feeling created in the auditory nerve by the quick vibrating movement of any flexible material.
5. What is the least number of vibrations that will produce an audible sound?
5. What is the minimum number of vibrations needed to create a sound that we can hear?
Sixteen per second.
16 per second.
6. What is the greatest number that can be heard?
6. What is the highest number that can be heard?
About forty thousand per second.
About 40,000 per second.
7. What is Voice?
7. What is Voice?
Sound produced by the vocal chords.
Sound made by the vocal cords.
8. What is an Articulate sound?
8. What is an articulate sound?
One made by the organs of speech and used in language.
One made by the organs of speech and used in language.
9. What is a Vocal sound?
9. What is a vocal sound?
One that is modified but not obstructed by the articulatory organs.
One that is changed but not blocked by the articulatory organs.
10. What is a simple Vocal sound?
10. What is a simple vocal sound?
One made without any change in the position of the articulatory organs during its emission.
One made without any change in the position of the articulatory organs during its release.
11. What is a Coalescent?
11. What is a Coalescent?
An articulate sound that always precedes and unites with a vocal.
An expressive sound that always comes before and connects with a voice.
12. What is a Guttural sound?
12. What is a guttural sound?
One that is modified by the soft palate.
One that is changed by the soft palate.
13. What are Unarticulate sounds?
13. What are Unarticulated sounds?
The sounds of the vowels.
The sounds of the vowels.
14. How many Elementary sounds do the vowels represent?
14. How many basic sounds do the vowels represent?
Fifteen.
Fifteen.
15. How many do the Consonants represent?
15. How many do the Consonants stand for?
Eighteen.
Eighteen.
16. How many do the Combinations represent?
16. How many do the combinations represent?
Seven.
7.
17. How many do the Diphthongs represent?
17. How many do the Diphthongs represent?
Only one, as oi and oy only repeat sounds already represented by a and i.
Only one, since oi and oy just repeat sounds that are already represented by a and i.
18. How many sounds has A?
18. How many sounds does A make?
Five.
Five.
19. What are they?
19. What are they?
Long, Short, Medial, Flat, and Broad.
Long, short, medial, flat, and broad.
20. How many sounds has E?
20. How many sounds does E make?
Two.
2.
21. What are they?
21. What are they?
Long and Short.
Long and Short.
22. How many sounds has I?
22. How many sounds does I have?
Two.
2.
23. What are they?
23. What are they?
Long and Short.
Long and Short.
24. How many sounds has O?
24. How many sounds does O have?
Three.
Three.
25. What are they?
What are they?
Long, Short, and Slender.
Long, Short, and Slim.
26. How many sounds has U?
How many sounds does U have?
Three.
Three.
27. What are they?
27. What are they?
Long, Short, and Medial.
Long, Short, and Medium.
28. How many sounds has B?
How many sounds does B have?
One; as heard in the word babe.
One; as heard in the word babe.
29. How many sounds has C?
29. How many sounds does C have?
None that may be properly called its own.
None that can truly be called its own.
30. How many sounds has D?
30. How many sounds does D have?
One; as heard in the word did.
One; as heard in the word did.
31. How many sounds has F?
31. How many sounds does F make?
One; as heard in the word flew.
One; as heard in the word flew.
32. How many sounds has G?
How many sounds does G make?
Two; as heard in the words go and age.
Two; as heard in the words go and age.
33. How many sounds has H?
33. How many sounds does H make?
One; as heard in the word high.
One; as heard in the word high.
34. How many sounds has J?
34. How many sounds does J make?
None of its own, but represents one; the sound of G.
None of its own, but represents one; the sound of G.
35. How many sounds has K?
How many sounds does K make?
One; as heard in the word key.
One; as heard in the word key.
36. How many sounds has L?
How many sounds does L make?
One; as heard in the word lily.
One; as heard in the word lily.
37. How many sounds has M?
How many sounds does M make?
One; as heard in the word money.
One; as heard in the word money.
38. How many sounds has N?
How many sounds does N make?
One; as heard in the word nat.
One; as heard in the word nat.
39. How many sounds has P?
How many sounds does P have?
One; as heard in the word pie.
One; as heard in the word pie.
40. How many sounds has R?
How many sounds does R have?
One; as heard in the word roar. (REM.—Some authors give r three sounds.)
One; as heard in the word roar. (REM.—Some authors give r three sounds.)
41. How many sounds has S?
How many sounds does S make?
One; as heard in the word same.
One; as heard in the word same.
42. How many sounds has T?
How many sounds does T make?
One; as heard in the word tight.
One; as heard in the word tight.
43. How many sounds has V?
How many sounds does V have?
One; as heard in the word view.
One; as heard in the word view.
44. How many sounds has W?
44. How many sounds does W make?
One; as heard in the word we.
One; as heard in the word we.
45. How many sounds has X?
How many sounds does X have?
None of its own, as it is a redundant letter.
None of its own, since it's a useless letter.
46. How many sounds has Z?
How many sounds does Z make?
One; as heard in the word ooze.
One; as heard in the word ooze.
47. How many sounds has Th?
How many sounds does Th have?
Two; as heard in the words thigh and the.
Two; as heard in the words thigh and the.
48. How many sounds has Ch?
How many sounds does Ch make?
One; as heard in the word church.
One; as heard in the word church.
49. How many sounds has Sh?
49. How many sounds does Sh?
One; as heard in the word ash.
One; as heard in the word ash.
50. How many sounds has Zh?
50. How many sounds does Zh have?
One obscurely; represented by si in such words as fusion, zi in glazier.
One obscurely represented by si in words like fusion, zi in glazier.
51. How many sounds has Wh?
How many sounds does Wh?
One; as heard in the word what.
One; as heard in the word what.
52. How many sounds has Ng?
52. How many sounds does Ng make?
One; as heard in the word sing.
One; as heard in the word sing.
53. What are regular sounds?
53. What are common sounds?
The long sounds of the letters.
The extended sounds of the letters.
SUBSTITUTES.
1. What is a Substitute?
What’s a Substitute?
A letter representing a sound usually represented by another.
A letter that stands for a sound typically represented by another.
2. What are Equivalent letters?
2. What are Equivalent letters?
Letters representing the same sound.
Letters that make the same sound.
3. What properties do Substitutes assume?
3. What properties do substitutes have?
The properties of the letter whose sound it represents.
The characteristics of the letter that represents its sound.
4. How many Substitutes has a long?
4. How many substitutes does a long have?
Four.
Four.
5. What are they?
What are they?
E in tete; ei in feint; ey in they; and ao in gaol.
E in tête; ei in feint; ey in they; and ao in jail.
6. How many Substitutes has a middle?
6. How many substitutes does a middle have?
Two.
2.
7. What are they?
7. What are they?
E in there; and ei in heir.
E in there; and ei in heir.
8. How many Substitutes has a broad?
8. How many substitutes does a broad have?
Two.
Two.
9. What are they?
9. What are they?
O in cord; and ou in sought.
O in cord; and ou in sought.
10. How many Substitutes has e long?
10. How many Substitutes has he had?
Three.
Three.
11. What are they?
What are they?
I in marine; ie in fiend; and ay in quay.
I in marine; ie in fiend; and ay in quay.
12. How many Substitutes has e short?
12. How many backups are there?
Two.
Two.
13. What are they?
What are they?
A in says; and u in bury.
A in says; and u in bury.
14. How many Substitutes has i long?
14. How many substitutes do I have?
Two.
Two.
15. What are they?
15. What are they?
Y in chyme; and oi in choir.
Y in chyme; and oi in choir.
16. How many Substitutes has i short?
16. How many substitutes does i have?
Six.
6.
17. What are they?
17. What are they?
Y in hymn; e in England; u in busy; o in women; ee in been; and ai in captain.
Y in hymn; e in England; u in busy; o in women; ee in been; and ai in captain.
18. How many Substitutes has o long?
18. How many substitutes does o have left?
Two.
Two.
19. What are they?
What are they?
Eau in beau; and ew in sew.
Oh in beau; and ew in sew.
20. How many Substitutes has o short?
20. How many substitutes does a short have?
One.
One.
21. What is it?
21. What’s that?
A in what.
A in what.
22. How many Substitutes has u long?
22. How many substitutes do you have?
One.
One.
23. What is it?
23. What's that?
Ew in new.
Ew in new.
24. How many Substitutes has u short?
24. How many substitutes do you have left?
Three.
Three.
25. What are they?
What are they?
E in her; i in sir; and o in son.
E in her; i in sir; and o in son.
26. How many Substitutes has u medial?
26. How many substitutes do you have in the middle?
One.
One.
27. What is it?
27. What's that?
O in wolf.
O in wolf.
28. How many Substitutes has F?
28. How many substitutes does F have?
Two.
Two.
29. What are they?
29. What are they?
Gh in laugh; and ph in philosophy.
Gh in laugh; and ph in philosophy.
30. How many Substitutes has J?
30. How many substitutes does J have?
Three.
Three.
31. What are they?
What are they?
G in rage; di in soldier; and d in verdure.
G in anger; di in soldier; and d in greenery.
32. How many Substitutes has S?
32. How many substitutes does S have?
Two.
2.
33. What are they?
33. What are those?
C soft, as in central; and z in quartz.
C soft, like in central; and z in quartz.
34. How many Substitutes has T?
34. How many substitutes does T have?
One.
One.
35. What is it?
What’s that?
Ed final, after any aspirate except t.
Ed is final after any breathy sound except t.
36. How many Substitutes has V?
How many substitutes does V have?
One.
One.
37. What is it?
37. What's that?
F in of.
F in of.
38. How many Substitutes has W?
38. How many substitutes does W have?
One.
One.
39. What is it?
39. What's that?
U in quick.
U in a hurry.
40. How many Substitutes has X?
How many substitutes does X have?
One.
One.
41. What is it?
What is it?
Ks in exist.
Ks exist.
42. How many Substitutes has Y?
How many substitutes does Y have?
One.
One.
43. What is it?
43. *What's that?*
I in alien.
I in extraterrestrial.
44. How many Substitutes has Z?
How many substitutes does Z have?
Three.
Three.
45. What are they?
What are they?
S in was; c in suffice; and x in xebec.
S in was; c in suffice; and x in xebec.
46. How many Substitutes has Ch?
How many substitutes does Ch have?
Two.
Two.
47. What are they?
What are they?
Ti in question; and t in nature.
Ti in question; and t in nature.
49. What are they?
49. What are they?
Ce in ocean; ci in social; si in mansion; ti in motion; ch in chaise; and s in sugar.
Ce in ocean; ci in social; si in mansion; ti in motion; ch in chaise; and s in sugar.
50. How many Substitutes has Zh?
50. How many substitutes does Zh have?
Four.
4.
51. What are they?
What are they?
Si in fusion; zi in brazier; z in azure; and s in rasure.
Si in fusion; zi in brazier; z in azure; and s in rasure.
52. How many substitutes has Ng?
52. How many subs does Ng have?
One.
One.
53. What is it?
What's that?
N generally before palate sounds; as, conquer, etc.
N generally comes before palate sounds, like in conquer, etc.
54. What letters have no Substitutes?
54. Which letters have no substitutes?
B, D, G, H, L, M, N, P, and R.
B, D, G, H, L, M, N, P, and R.
55. What combinations have no Substitutes?
55. Which combinations have no substitutes?
Th and Wh.
Th and Wh.
56. Why is X never doubled?
56. Why is X never x2?
It already represents the sounds of K and S.
It already represents the sounds of K and S.
57. What letter ends no English word?
57. What letter doesn't end any English word?
J.
J.
DEFINITIONS AND WORDS.
1. What is Language?
What is language?
Any method for the communication of thought and feeling.
Any way to express thoughts and feelings.
2. What is Natural Language?
What is Natural Language?
Instinctive methods of communicating thought or feeling.
Instinctive ways of expressing thoughts or feelings.
3. What is Artificial Language?
3. What is Artificial Language?
That which must be learned before it can be used.
That which needs to be learned before it can be used.
4. Is the English Language natural or artificial?
4. Is the English language natural or artificial?
Artificial.
Artificial.
5. How many kinds of Artificial Language?
5. What types of Artificial Language are there?
Two.
2.
6. What are they.
What are they?
Spoken and written.
Verbal and written.
7. What is Spoken Language?
7. What is Spoken Language?
That produced by the vocal organs.
That produced by the vocal cords.
8. What is Written Language?
8. What is Written Language?
Any method of communicating thought or feeling by the use of written or printed characters.
Any way of expressing thoughts or feelings using written or printed characters.
9. What are the messengers of thought?
9. What are the messengers of thought?
Sentences.
Sentences.
10. What is a Sentence?
10. What’s a Sentence?
An assemblage of words conveying a thought.
An arrangement of words expressing an idea.
11. What is a Word?
11. What’s a Word?
A sign of an idea.
An indication of an idea.
12. What is Lexicology?
12. What is Lexicology?
That science which treats of the meaning of words.
That science that deals with the meaning of words.
13. What is Etymology?
What is Etymology?
That science which treats of the origin and derivation of words.
The science that studies the origin and development of words.
14. What is Orthogeny?
14. What is orthogeny?
That science which treats of the classification of words into parts of speech.
That branch of science that deals with classifying words into parts of speech.
15. What is Syntax?
15. What is Syntax?
That science which treats of the relation and connection of words in the construction of a sentence.
That science that deals with the relationship and connection of words in forming a sentence.
16. What is Prosody?
16. What is prosody?
That science which treats of punctuation and the laws of versification.
That branch of science that deals with punctuation and the rules of verse.
17. Of what is a word composed?
17. What is a word made of?
A syllable or combination of syllables.
A syllable or a mix of syllables.
18. What is a Syllable?
18. What’s a Syllable?
A letter or letters uttered by a single impulse of the voice.
A letter or letters spoken in one breath.
19. What is the essential part of a syllable?
19. What is the core element of a syllable?
A vowel.
A vowel.
20. Can there be a syllable without it containing a vowel sound?
20. Can a syllable exist without a vowel sound?
There cannot.
There’s no way.
21. What is Syllabication?
21. What is syllabication?
That branch of etymology which treats of the division of words into syllables.
That part of etymology that focuses on breaking words down into syllables.
22. How many methods of Syllabication are there?
22. How many ways are there to break words into syllables?
Two.
2.
23. What are they?
23. What are they?
English and American.
British and American.
24. What is the object of the English method?
24. What is the goal of the English method?
To separate words into their elementary parts without regard to pronunciation; as, a-tom.
To break words down into their basic components without considering how they are pronounced; for example, a-tom.
25. What is the object of the American method?
25. What's the goal of the American method?
To indicate the proper pronunciation by separating affixes from the roots.
To show the right pronunciation by separating prefixes and suffixes from the roots.
26. What is a word of one syllable called?
26. What do we call a word with one syllable?
A monosyllable.
A single syllable.
27. What is a word of two syllables called?
27. What do we call a word with two syllables?
A dissyllable.
A two-syllable word.
28. What is a word of three syllables called?
28. What do you call a word with three syllables?
A trisyllable.
A three-syllable word.
29. What is a word of more than three syllables called?
29. What do you call a word that has more than three syllables?
A polysyllable.
A complex word.
30. What is the Ultimate syllable of a word?
30. What is the ultimate syllable of a word?
The last syllable.
The final syllable.
31. What is the Penultimate syllable?
31. What is the second to last syllable?
Next to the last syllable in a word.
Next to the second to last syllable in a word.
32. What is the Antepenultimate syllable?
What is the antepenultimate syllable?
The last syllable but two in a word.
The last two syllables in a word.
33. What is the Preantepenultimate syllable?
33. What is the fifth-to-last syllable?
The last syllable but three in a word.
The last three syllables in a word.
34. What other way may the syllables be described?
34. How else can we describe the syllables?
In their numerical order; as, first, second, etc.
In their numerical order: first, second, etc.
35. How many syllables can a word have?
35. How many syllables can a word have?
As many as it has vowels or diphthongs sounded.
As many as it has vowels or pronounced diphthongs.
36. How many words in the English language?
36. How many words are in the English language?
About one hundred and twenty thousand.
About 120K.
37. How are words divided in reference to form?
37. How are words categorized based on their form?
Into simple and compound.
Into simple and compound.
38. How are they divided in reference to origin?
38. How are they categorized based on their origin?
Into primitive and derivative.
Into basic and derivative.
39. What is a Simple word?
39. What is a simple word?
One that is not composed of two or more whole words.
One that isn't made up of two or more complete words.
40. What is a Compound word?
What’s a compound word?
One that is composed of two or more distinct words.
One that is made up of two or more separate words.
41. What is a Primitive word?
What is a Primitive word?
One in no way derived from another in the same language.
One did not come from another in the same language.
42. What is a Radical word?
What is a radical word?
Same as primitive.
Identical to primitive.
43. What is a Derivative word?
What is a derivative word?
One formed by joining to a primitive some letter or letters to modify its meaning.
One created by adding a primitive with some letter or letters to change its meaning.
44. What is Analysis?
44. What is Analysis?
Separating a word or syllable into its elements or parts.
Separating a word or syllable into its components or parts.
45. What is Synthesis?
What is Synthesis?
The process of combining elements to form syllables and words.
The process of combining elements to create syllables and words.
46. What is the Base of a Compound word?
46. What is the base of a compound word?
That word representing the fundamental idea.
That word represents the basic idea.
47. What is the Modifier in a Compound word?
47. What is the Modifier in a Compound word?
That word which describes the other.
That word that describes the other.
48. What is the Base of a Derivative word?
48. What is the Base of a Derivative word?
The primitive from which it is derived.
The basic form from which it comes.
49. What is the Modifier in a Derivative word?
49. What is the modifier in a derivative word?
The affix.
The attachment.
50. What is an Affix?
50. What’s an Affix?
That part of a derivative word attached to the root.
That part of a derivative word that is connected to the root.
51. How many Root words in the English language?
51. How many root words are there in the English language?
Over one thousand.
Over 1,000.
52. What is a Prefix?
52. What’s a Prefix?
That part of a derivative word placed before the root.
That part of a derivative word that comes before the root.
53. What is a Postfix?
53. What’s a Postfix?
That part of a derivative word placed after the root.
That part of a derivative word that comes after the root.
54. What is a Suffix?
54. What’s a Suffix?
Same as a postfix.
Same as a suffix.
55. What are Affixes?
55. What are Affixes?
Prefixes and postfixes together are called affixes.
Prefixes and suffixes together are called affixes.
56. How many kinds of Derivatives are there?
56. How many types of Derivatives are there?
Two.
Two.
57. What are they?
57. What are they?
Regular and irregular.
Regular and irregular.
58. What is a Regular derivative?
58. What is a regular derivative?
One that is formed by the addition of affixes without changing the letters in the primitive part (except final e silent).
One that is created by adding affixes without altering the letters in the base part (except for the final e which is silent).
59. What is an Irregular derivative?
59. What is an irregular derivative?
One in which the letters of the primitive part are changed.
One where the letters of the original part are changed.
60. In using Affixes, what rule should be observed?
60. When using affixes, what rule should be followed?
The affix and root should be from the same language.
The affix and root should come from the same language.
61. Is the same rule to be observed in forming Compound words?
61. Should the same rule apply when creating compound words?
It is.
It is.
62. What is a Mongrel compound word?
62. What is a mongrel compound word?
One formed contrary to the rule.
One was formed against the rule.
63. Give an example.
63. Provide an example.
Cable-graph and cable-gram.
Cable graph and cablegram.
64. What are Barbarisms?
64. What are barbarisms?
Same as mongrel.
Same as mutt.
65. When use the hyphen in Compound words?
65. When do you use a hyphen in compound words?
When they are not permanently compounded.
When they're not permanently mixed.
66. What is an Obsolete word?
What is an outdated word?
One gone out of date.
One outdated.
RULES AND TERMS.
1. What is Spelling?
What is Spelling?
A distinct expression of the letters or sounds of a word in their proper order.
A clear arrangement of the letters or sounds of a word in the correct sequence.
2. How many kinds of Spelling?
How many types of spelling?
Two.
2.
3. What are they?
3. What are they?
Orthographic and Phonic.
Spelling and Sound.
4. What is Orthographic spelling?
4. What is orthographic spelling?
An expression of the letters of a written or printed word in their proper order.
An arrangement of the letters in a written or printed word in the correct sequence.
5. What is Phonic spelling?
5. What is phonetic spelling?
An expression of the elementary sounds of a word in their proper order, according to established usage.
An arrangement of the basic sounds of a word in their correct sequence, following standard practice.
6. What is meant by good usage?
6. What does proper usage mean?
The usage, or custom, of the best speakers and writers of the times.
The practices or traditions of the top speakers and writers of the time.
7. How do we know when we have spelled a word correctly?
7. How can we tell if we've spelled a word correctly?
By reference to the Dictionary?
Using the Dictionary?
8. What is a Lexicographer?
8. What is a dictionary maker?
An author of a dictionary.
A dictionary author.
9. Can we spell by Rules?
Can we spell by rules?
We cannot.
We can't.
10. Why?
Why?
Because there are too many exceptions.
Because there are too many exceptions.
11. What makes a rule in Orthography?
11. What defines a rule in spelling?
Whenever a letter is silent, or usually so, a rule is formed.
Whenever a letter is silent, or usually is, a rule is made.
12. Why is c placed before r in acre, massacre, etc.?
12. Why is c placed before r in acre, massacre, etc.?
To preserve the hard sound of c.
To keep the strong sound of c.
13. What is the rule for Digraphs?
What's the rule for digraphs?
A digraph must have one vowel silent.
A digraph must have one vowel silent.
14. Give rule for E final.
14. State the rule for E final.
E final is silent when another vowel precedes it in the same syllable.
E final is silent when another vowel comes before it in the same syllable.
15. What effect does final E have on the preceding vowel?
15. What effect does the final E have on the preceding vowel?
It usually preserves its long sound.
It usually keeps its long sound.
16. When is B silent?
When is B not pronounced?
Before t, or after m, in the same syllable.
Before t, or after m, in the same syllable.
17. When is C silent?
When is C silent?
Before k in the same syllable; also, before z, l, or
Before k in the same syllable; also, before z, l, or
t, in a few words.
t, briefly.
18. When is D silent?
When is D silent?
Before g in the same syllable.
Before g in the same syllable.
19. When is G silent?
19. When is G silent?
Before m or n in the same syllable.
Before m or n in the same syllable.
20. When is H silent?
When is H silent?
After g or r in the same syllable; and h final after a vowel is always silent; also, in a few words after t, and initial in a few words.
After g or r in the same syllable; and h at the end of a word after a vowel is always silent; also, in a few words after t, and at the beginning in a few words.
21. When is L silent?
When is the L silent?
After a when followed by f, m, k, or v, except in the word valve; also, before d in could, etc.
After a when it’s followed by f, m, k, or v, except in the word valve; also, before d in could, etc.
22. When is M silent?
22. When is "M" silent?
Before n in a few words.
Before n briefly.
23. When is N silent?
When is N silent?
Final after l or m.
Final after l or m.
24. When is P silent?
24. When is P silent?
Initial before n, s, or t.
Initial before n, s, or t.
25. When is S silent?
When is S silent?
In a few irregular words; as, isle, puisne, viscount, corps, etc.
In a few uncommon words, such as isle, puisne, viscount, corps, etc.
26. When is T silent?
When is T silent?
Before ch in the same syllable; also, in Christmas, eclat, mortgage, etc.
Before ch in the same syllable; also, in Christmas, eclat, mortgage, etc.
27. When is V silent?
27. When is V silent?
In two words only—Sevennight and Twelvemonth.
Seven nights and twelve months.
28. When is W silent?
28. When is W silent?
Before r in the same syllable also, in whoop, sword, two, etc.
Before r in the same syllable also, in whoop, sword, two, etc.
29. When is Gh silent?
When is "gh" silent?
After i in the same syllable; also, after au and ou in some words.
After i in the same syllable; also, after au and ou in some words.
30. When is Ch silent?
When is "ch" silent?
In a few words; as, drachm, yacht, etc.
In a few words; like, drachm, yacht, etc.
31. When is Z silent?
When is Z silent?
In one word only—Rendezvous.
Meeting.
32. What letters are never silent?
What letters are never silent?
F, J, Q, and R.
F, J, Q, and R.
33. What is meant by Antecedent part of a syllable?
33. What does Antecedent part of a syllable mean?
That part before the vowel.
That part before the vowel.
34. What is the Consequent part of a syllable?
34. What is the consequent part of a syllable?
That part which follows the vowel.
That part that comes after the vowel.
35. How many words end in Ceed?
35. How many words end in Ceed?
Three.
Three.
36. What are they?
What are they?
Exceed, proceed, and succeed.
Excel, go for it, and thrive.
37. How many of the English words are derived from the Latin?
37. How many English words come from Latin?
About, three-fourths.
About three-quarters.
38. What Language is called "Our mother tongue?"
38. What language do we call "our mother tongue?"
Anglo-Saxon.
Anglo-Saxon.
39. From what language do we get most of our Scientific terms?
39. What language do we get most of our scientific terms from?
The Greek.
The Greek person.
40. How many English words begin with IN as a prefix?
40. How many English words start with IN as a prefix?
Two hundred and fifty.
250.
42. How many begin with un?
How many start with un?
About two thousand.
About 2,000.
43. Were final E not silent, what would be the result?
43. If the final E weren't silent, what would happen?
Another syllable would be formed.
Another syllable will form.
44. When is final E dropped in spelling?
44. When is the final E dropped in spelling?
Before vowel terminations mostly.
Before vowel endings mostly.
45. Why is the final E retained in such words as changeable and traceable?
45. Why is the final E kept in words like changeable and traceable?
To preserve the soft sound of the c or g.
To keep the soft sound of the c or g.
46. In the words fleeing, seeing, etc., why retain both Es?
46. In the words fleeing, seeing, etc., why keep both Es?
To determine the proper meaning of the word.
To find the correct meaning of the word.
47 What is a Figure of orthography?
47 What is a Figure of orthography?
Any departure from the ordinary spelling of a word.
Any deviation from the usual spelling of a word.
48. How many Figures are there?
How many figures are there?
Two.
Two.
49 What are they?
49 What are they?
Archaism and Mimesis.
Old-fashioned and Imitation.
50. What is Archaism?
50. What is Archaism?
The spelling of a word according to ancient usage.
The spelling of a word based on ancient usage.
51. What is Mimesis?
51. What is Mimesis?
The spelling of a word in imitation of a false pronunciation.
The way a word is spelled to mimic an incorrect pronunciation.
52. When is i used as a consonant?
52. When is 'i' used as a consonant?
When followed by a vowel in the same syllable; as in alien, etc.
When a vowel in the same syllable follows it; like in alien, etc.
53. When is y final changed to e?
53. When does y change to e?
Before the suffix ous; as in beauteous.
Before the suffix -ous; as in beautiful.
54. When is y final changed to i?
54. When does y change to i?
Before the suffix ful; as in beautiful.
Before the suffix "ful"; as in "beautiful."
55. What is a Redundant prefix?
What is a redundant prefix?
One that does not change the signification of the root; as, a in the word adry.
One that doesn’t change the meaning of the root; for example, a in the word adry.
56. When is ie changed to y?
56. When does ie change to y?
Before the ending ing.
Before the end ing.
57. When use the digraph ei in spelling?
57. When do we use the digraph ei in spelling?
Ei follows c soft, and begins words.
Ei follows c soft, and starts words.
58. When use ie in spelling?
58. When to use "ie" in spelling?
Ie follows consonants (except c soft), and ends words.
Ie follows consonants (except for soft c) and appears at the end of words.
59. In changing the word hoe to hoeing, why retain the e?
59. In changing the word hoe to hoeing, why keep the e?
To preserve its signification.
To maintain its meaning.
60. What is the origin of the suffix less?
60. Where does the suffix less come from?
Anglo-Saxon.
Anglo-Saxon.
61. What is the origin of the word English?
61. What's the origin of the word English?
It is derived from the word Angles.
It comes from the word Angles.
62. Who were the Angles?
62. Who are the Angles?
They were a tribe of people who came from the land of the Low Germans and settled in Britain in the fifth century.
They were a group of people from the land of the Low Germans who settled in Britain in the fifth century.
63. What does the word England mean?
63. What does the word England mean?
"The land of the Angles."
"Angleland."
64. Why is our language sometimes called the "Teutonic language"?
64. Why is our language sometimes referred to as the "Teutonic language"?
Because it is derived from the ancient Germans, who were called Teutons.
Because it comes from the ancient Germans, who were known as Teutons.
65. What kind of words end in ize?
65. What kinds of words end with ize?
Verbs derived from the Greek.
Greek-derived verbs.
66. What kind of words end in ise?
66. What kinds of words end in ise?
Most words derived from the French.
Most words are from French.
67. Why is the English called a Composite Language?
67. Why is English referred to as a Composite Language?
Because it is derived from so many different sources.
Because it comes from so many different sources.
68. Does adding a single consonant to a word ever make an additional syllable?
68. Does adding just one consonant to a word ever create an extra syllable?
It does.
It does.
69. Give examples.
69. Provide examples.
Grade, grad-ed; confide, con-fi-ded.
Grade, graded; confide, confided.
70. Can a word be compound and derivative at the same time?
70. Can a word be both a compound and a derivative at the same time?
It can; as, ball-player.
It can; as, athlete.
71. How distinguish between an affix and a part of a compound word?
71. How do you tell the difference between an affix and a part of a compound word?
If all the parts retain their literal signification they form a compound; if not, the part which loses its signification becomes an affix in a derivative.
If all the parts keep their literal meaning, they create a compound; if they don’t, the part that loses its meaning turns into an affix in a derivative.
72. Is the word outside compound or derivative?
72. Is the word "outside" a compound or a derivative?
It is compound.
It's a compound.
73. Is the word outrun compound or derivative?
73. Is the word outrun a compound word or a derivative?
It is derivative.
It's unoriginal.
74. What is Derivation?
74. What is Derivation?
That branch of etymology which treats of the sources of the words of a language.
That part of etymology that deals with the origins of the words in a language.
75. How many kinds of Derivation?
75. How many types of Derivation?
Two.
Two.
76. What are they?
What are those?
Paronymous and Historical.
Paronymous and Historical.
77. What is Paronymous derivation?
77. What is Paronymous derivation?
That part of etymology which treats of present sources of English words.
That part of etymology that deals with the current sources of English words.
78. Give examples of Paronymous derivation.
Give examples of paronymous derivation.
Kingdom, from king; Manly, from man, etc.
Kingdom, from king; Manly, from man, etc.
79. What is Historical derivation?
79. What is historical derivation?
That part of etymology which treats of the foreign sources of the English language.
That part of etymology that deals with the foreign origins of the English language.
80. Give examples of Historical derivation.
80. Provide examples of historical origin.
Book, from boc; Moon, from mona, etc.
Book, from "boc"; Moon, from "mona," etc.
81. When use a, and when an, in a sentence?
81. When do you use a, and when do you use an, in a sentence?
Use a before all words beginning with a consonant sound, and use an before words beginning with a vowel sound, or with h mute, or h initial, if the accent is on any other syllable than the first.
Use "a" before all words starting with a consonant sound, and use "an" before words starting with a vowel sound, or with h silent, or h at the beginning, if the emphasis is on any syllable other than the first.
82. Why do words in the English language become obsolete?
82. Why do words in the English language become outdated?
Because it is a living language.
Because it is a living language.
83. What is a new word?
What’s a new word?
One that has recently come into use.
One that has recently become popular.
84. Name some new words.
Name some new words.
Outsider, intensify, repudiate, and idiom.
Outsider, amplify, reject, and idiom.
85. What is meant by suspended animation of a word?
85. What does it mean to have a word in suspended animation?
A word that passes out of use for a while and then resumes its place in literature.
A word that falls out of use for a while and then finds its way back into literature.
86. Give examples of suspended words.
86. Provide examples of suspended words.
The words reckless, abate, and abandon, fell into disuse in the seventeenth century, but have since been revived.
The words reckless, abate, and abandon fell out of use in the seventeenth century, but have since made a comeback.
87. What letters are called the pivots?
87. What letters are referred to as the pivots?
Y and w.
Y and w.
88. Why are they so called?
88. Why are they named that?
Because of their peculiar sounds in changing from vowels to consonants.
Because of their unique sounds when shifting from vowels to consonants.
89. What kind of new words should be avoided?
89. What types of new words should we avoid?
Any word formed contrary to the genius of the language.
Any word created that goes against the nature of the language.
90. What is meant by idiom?
90. What does idiom mean?
A peculiar mode of expression.
A strange way of expressing.
91. What is diction?
91. What is language choice?
Diction treats of the selection and right use of words.
Diction involves choosing the right words and using them correctly.
92. When is our diction pure?
When is our language pure?
When we use only such words as belong to the idiom of our language.
When we only use words that are part of our language's everyday speech.
93. What are Synonyms?
93. What are Synonyms?
Words having a similar signification.
Words with similar meanings.
94. What is a Synonymicon?
94. What is a synonym book?
A dictionary of synonymous words.
A thesaurus of synonyms.
95. What is meant by a reputable word?
95. What does a reputable word mean?
One that is used by educated people.
One that is used by educated individuals.
96. What is an Anacoluthic word?
96. What is an Anacoluthon?
One that is unnecessary to the completion of a sentence.
One that isn't needed to complete a sentence.
97. What is an Idiomatic word?
97. What is an idiom?
A word belonging to an individual language.
A word that belongs to a specific language.
98. What is an Ideographical language?
98. What is an ideographic language?
One in which the characters represent ideas rather than sounds.
One where the characters represent ideas instead of sounds.
99. Can there be a derivative word without an affix?
99. Can there be a derivative word without an affix?
There can; as, brought from bring.
There can; as, brought from bring.
100. What is Dactylology?
100. What is Dactylology?
The art of spelling words with the fingers.
The skill of spelling words using your fingers.
101. What is the Pythagorean letter?
101. What is the Pythagorean theorem?
Y.—Am. Cyclopedia.
Y.—American Cyclopedia.
102. Why so called?
Why is it called that?
Because its Greek original represents the sacred triad used to designate the diverging paths of virtue and vice.
Because its Greek original symbolizes the sacred triad that signifies the different paths of virtue and vice.
NUMERICAL VALUES OF THE LETTERS.
1. What is meant by the Numerical value of letters?
1. What does the numerical value of letters mean?
Its value as a numeral used in the notation of different languages.
Its value as a number used in the notation of different languages.
2. Have all the letters Numerical value?
2. Do all the letters have a numerical value?
All except J, U, W, and Y.
All except J, U, W, and Y.
3. What is the Numerical value of A?
3. What is the numerical value of A?
500.
500.
4. By whom used?
4. Who used it?
The ancient European Nations.
The old European nations.
5. What is the Numerical value of B?
5. What is the numerical value of B?
300.
300.
6. By whom used?
6. Who used it?
The Romans.
The Romans.
7. What is the Numerical value of C?
7. What is the numerical value of C?
100 in the Roman notation.
100 in Roman numerals.
8. What is the Numerical value of D?
8. What is the numerical value of D?
500 in the Roman notation.
500 in Roman numerals.
9. What is the Numerical value of E?
9. What is the numerical value of E?
5.
5.
10. By whom used?
10. Who used it?
The ancient Greeks.
The ancient Greeks.
11. What is the Numerical value of F?
11. What is the numerical value of F?
40 in some of the Ancient notations; 80 in the Arabian; and 10,000 in the Armenian.
40 in some of the ancient notations; 80 in the Arabian; and 10,000 in the Armenian.
12. What is the Numerical value of G?
12. What is the numerical value of G?
400.
400.
13. By whom used?
13. Who used it?
The Latins.
The Latinos.
14. What is the Numerical value of H?
14. What is the numerical value of H?
100 in the Greek notation; and 200 in the Latin.
100 in Greek notation; and 200 in Latin.
15. What is the Numerical value of I?
15. What is the numerical value of I?
1 in the Roman notation; and 100 in some of the Ancient notations.
1 in Roman numerals; and 100 in some ancient systems.
16. What is the Numerical value of K?
16. What is the numerical value of K?
20 in the Greek notation; and 60 in the Semitic.
20 in Greek notation; and 60 in Semitic.
17. Give the Numerical values of L.
17. Provide the numerical values of L.
50 in Roman, and 30 in Semitic notation.
50 in Roman, and 30 in Semitic notation.
18. What are the Numerical values of M?
18. What are the numerical values of M?
As a Roman numeral, 1,000; Greek and Hebrew, 40.
As a Roman numeral, 1,000; in Greek and Hebrew, it's 40.
19. What is the value of N as a Numeral?
19. What is the value of N as a number?
In the Greek notation, 50; Roman, 90; and by some other, 900.
In Greek notation, it's 50; in Roman, it's 90; and by some others, it's 900.
20. What is the Numerical value of O?
20. What is the numerical value of O?
70 in the Greek; and 11 in the Ancient Latins.
70 in Greek; and 11 in the Ancient Latin texts.
21. What is the Numerical value of P?
21. What is the numerical value of P?
In the Greek notation, 5; in the Latin, 80; and in the Roman, by some authors, 7, by one, 100, and by still another, 400.
In Greek notation, 5; in Latin, 80; and in Roman numeral systems, by some authors, 7, by one, 100, and by another, 400.
22. As a Numeral, what is the value of Q?
22. As a number, what is the value of Q?
500.
500.
23. By whom used?
23. Who used it?
Several of the Ancient Nations of Europe.
Several of the ancient nations of Europe.
24. What is the Numerical value of R?
24. What is the numerical value of R?
80
80
25. By whom used?
25. Who used it?
The ancient Romans.
The Romans.
26. What is the Numerical value of S?
26. What is the numerical value of S?
7
7
27. By whom used?
27. Who used this?
The Ancients.
The Ancients.
28. Give the values of T as a Numeral.
28. Provide the values of T as a number.
300 in the Greek notation; in the Latin, 160.
300 in Greek notation; in Latin, 160.
29. What is the Numerical value of V?
29. What is the numerical value of V?
5 in the Roman notation.
5 in Roman numerals.
30. What are the values of X as a Numeral?
30. What are the values of X as a number?
In the Roman, 10; in the Greek, 60.
In the Roman, 10; in the Greek, 60.
31. What are the Numerical values of Z?
31. What are the numerical values of Z?
7 in the Greek notation; and 2,000 in the Roman.
7 in Greek notation; and 2,000 in Roman.
32. Why have J, U, W, and Y no Numerical values?
32. Why don’t J, U, W, and Y have any numerical values?
Because they have been introduced into the Alphabet since the Science of Arithmetical Notation was invented.
Because they've been added to the Alphabet since the invention of Arithmetical Notation.
33. What effect does it have on the value of a letter to draw a line above it?
33. What impact does drawing a line above a letter have on its value?
In most cases it increases its value a thousand times.
In most cases, it increases its value a thousandfold.
34. Is a line ever drawn beneath a letter for the same purpose?
34. Is a line ever drawn under a letter for the same reason?
In some instances it is.
Sometimes it is.
35. What effect does it have on a letter as a numeral to repeat it?
35. What happens to a letter when it's repeated as a numeral?
Repeats its value as often as it is repeated.
Repeats its value every time it’s repeated.
CAPITALS AND ITALICS.
1. What is a Capital letter?
What is a capital letter?
A large letter.
A big letter.
2. What is an Italic letter?
What is an italic letter?
A form of oblique letters derived from the Italians.
A type of slanted letters that comes from the Italians.
3. What is Rule 1 for the use of Capitals?
3. What is Rule 1 for using Capitals?
Title pages and headings of chapters should be entirely in capitals.
Title pages and chapter headings should be entirely in capital letters.
4. Give Rule 2.
4. Provide Rule 2.
The first word of every book, tract, essay, letter, etc., should begin with a capital.
The first word of every book, pamphlet, essay, letter, etc., should start with a capital letter.
5. Give Rule 3.
State Rule 3.
The first word of every sentence should begin with a capital.
The first word of every sentence should start with a capital letter.
6. Give Rule 4.
6. Provide Rule 4.
Clauses separately numbered should begin with a capital.
Clauses that are numbered separately should begin with a capital letter.
7. Give Rule 5.
7. *Share Rule 5.*
The first word after an interrogation point should usually begin with a capital.
The first word after a question mark should usually start with a capital letter.
8. Give Rule 6.
8. Provide Rule 6.
The first word of a clause, or sentence, given as an example, should begin with a capital.
The first word of a clause or sentence, like in this example, should start with a capital letter.
9. Give Rule 7.
9. Provide Rule 7.
In quoting a title of a book, each important word of the title should begin with a capital.
In quoting a book title, each important word in the title should start with a capital letter.
10. Give Rule 8.
10. Provide Rule 8.
First word of a direct question should begin with a capital.
First word of a direct question should begin with a capital.
11. Give Rule 9.
11. State Rule 9.
The first word of a direct quotation should begin with a capital.
The first word of a direct quote should start with a capital letter.
12. Give Rule 10.
12. Provide Rule 10.
All letters used as numerals should be written or printed in capitals.
All letters used as numbers should be written or printed in uppercase.
13. Give Rule 11.
State Rule 11.
The pronoun I should always be a capital.
The pronoun I should always be capitalized.
14. Give Rule 12.
14. Follow Rule 12.
The vocative particle O should always be a capital.
The vocative particle O should always be capitalized.
15. Give Rule 13.
15. Provide Rule 13.
The first word of every line of poetry should begin with a capital.
The first word of every line of poetry should start with a capital letter.
16. Give one exception to Rule 13.
16. Provide one exception to Rule 13.
In humorous poetry, when a word is divided at the end of a line, the detached syllable at the beginning of the next line should begin with a small letter.
In humorous poetry, when a word is split at the end of a line, the separated syllable at the beginning of the next line should start with a lowercase letter.
17. Give Rule 14.
17. Provide Rule 14.
All names and titles of the Deity should begin with a capital.
All names and titles of the Deity should start with a capital letter.
18. Give Rule 15.
18. Provide Rule 15.
All proper names should begin with a capital.
All proper names should start with a capital letter.
19. Give Rule 16.
19. Follow Rule 16.
All words derived from proper nouns should begin with a capital.
All words that come from proper nouns should start with a capital letter.
20. Give Rule 17.
20. Provide Rule 17.
Titles of honor and distinction should begin with capitals.
Titles of honor and distinction should start with capital letters.
21. Give Rule 18.
21. Provide Rule 18.
The words father, mother, sister, brother, aunt, etc., when followed by a proper noun, should always begin with a capital.
The words father, mother, sister, brother, aunt, etc., when followed by a proper noun, should always begin with a capital letter.
22. Give Rule 19.
22. Provide Rule 19.
All words referring to the Bible should begin with a capital.
All words that refer to the Bible should start with a capital letter.
23. Give Rule 20.
23. Follow Rule 20.
All proper adjectives should begin with a capital.
All proper adjectives should start with a capital letter.
24. Give Rule 21.
Give Rule 21.
The names of famous events, historical eras, noted documents, etc., should begin with a capital.
The names of famous events, historical periods, important documents, etc., should start with a capital letter.
25. What establishes a rule for Capitals?
25. What sets the rules for capital letters?
Good usage, or custom.
Good use, or custom.
26. Give Rule 1 for the use of Italics.
26. Provide Rule 1 for using Italics.
Words for emphasis should be printed in italics.
Words for emphasis should be printed in italics.
27. Give Rule 2.
27. Provide Rule 2.
Names of books, poems, etc., are usually printed in italics.
Names of books, poems, etc., are usually printed in italics.
28. Give Rule 3.
Give Rule 3.
Words from foreign languages are printed in italics.
Words from foreign languages are printed in italics.
29. Give Rule 4.
29. Provide Rule 4.
Words in the Bible supplied by the translators are printed in italics.
Words in the Bible added by the translators are printed in italics.
30. How are written words marked that are to be printed in Capitals?
30. How are written words indicated for printing in capital letters?
By underscoring the words with two lines.
By emphasizing the words with two lines.
31. How are written words marked that are to be printed in Italics?
31. How are written words indicated that should be printed in italics?
By underscoring the words with one line.
By underlining the words with one line.
32. When use the Interjection O?
32. When to use the interjection O?
The letter O is a vocative particle, and should always be used before nouns or pronouns in the absolute case by direct address.—[Ridpath.]
The letter O is a calling word and should always be used before nouns or pronouns when directly addressing someone. —[Ridpath.]
33. When use Oh?
33. When to use Oh?
In all cases where it is not followed by nouns, or pronouns, in the vocative case.—[Ridpath.]
In all situations where it isn't followed by nouns or pronouns in the vocative case.—[Ridpath.]
ABBREVIATIONS.
1. What is an abbreviation?
What’s an abbreviation?
One or more of the letters of a word standing for the whole word.
One or more letters of a word representing the entire word.
2. What is the signification of A.C.S.?
What does A.C.S. stand for?
American Colonization Society.
American Colonization Society
3. Give meaning A.B.C.F.M.
3. Define meaning A.B.C.F.M.
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.
4. What is the signification AAA.?
4. What does AAA mean?
Amalgamation.
Merger.
5. What is the signification of Ang.-Sax.?
What does Anglo-Saxon mean?
Anglo-Saxon.
Anglo-Saxon.
6. Give signification of A.T.
6. Define A.T.
Arch-Treasurer.
Chief Financial Officer.
7. What is the signification of C.A.S.?
7. What does C.A.S. mean?
Fellow of the Connecticut Academy.
Member of the Connecticut Academy.
8. What is the signification of C.C.?
8. What does C.C. stand for?
County Court, or County Commissioner.
County Court or County Commissioner.
9. What is the meaning of D.C.L.?
9. What does D.C.L. mean?
Doctor of Civil Law.
Doctor of Civil Law.
10. What is the signification of D.M.?
10. What does D.M. stand for?
Doctor of Music.
Doctor of Music.
11. What is the signification of A.U.C.?
11. What does A.U.C. stand for?
In the year of the city.
In the year of the city.
12. What is the meaning of F.E.S.?
12. What does F.E.S. mean?
Fellow of the Entomological Society.
Member of the Entomological Society.
13. What is the signification of H.R.I.P.?
13. What does H.R.I.P. stand for?
Here rests in peace.
Rest in peace.
14. What is the signification of L.C.J.?
What does L.C.J. stand for?
Lord Chief Justice.
Chief Justice.
16. What is the signification of P.a.?
16. What does P.a. stand for?
Participial adjective.
Participial adjective.
17. What is the signification of P.v.?
17. What does P.v. stand for?
Post village.
Post town.
18. What is the signification of Qy.?
18. What does Qy. stand for?
Query.
Query.
19. What is the signification of Ro.?
What does Ro. stand for?
Righthand page.
Right page.
20. What is the signification S.C.L.?
20. What does S.C.L. mean?
Student of the Civil Law.
Civil Law Student.
21. What is the signification of S.R.I.?
21. What does S.R.I. stand for?
Holy Roman Empire.
Holy Roman Empire.
22. What is the signification of S.J.C.?
22. What does S.J.C. mean?
Supreme Judicial Court.
Supreme Court.
23. What is the signification of U.S.S.?
23. What does USS stand for?
United States Ship.
USS.
24. What does U.K. signify?
24. What does the U.K. mean?
United Kingdom.
UK.
25. What does V.R. signify?
25. What does VR mean?
Queen Victoria.
Queen Vic.
26. What does V.G. signify?
What does V.G. mean?
For example.
For example.
27. What does Xt. signify?
27. What does Xt. mean?
Christ.
Jesus.
28. What does Xmas. signify?
28. What does Christmas signify?
Christmas.
Christmas.
29. What is the signification of Y.B.?
29. What does Y.B. stand for?
Year Book.
Yearbook.
30. What is the signification of Zoöl.?
What does Zoöl mean?
Zoölogy.
Zoology.
31. What does Yt. signify?
31. What does Yt. mean?
That.
That.
32. What is the signification of S.T.P.?
32. What does S.T.P. stand for?
Doctor of Divinity.
Doctor of Theology.
ACCENT AND PUNCTUATION.
1. Why is a word divided into syllables?
1. Why is a word split into syllables?
For the purpose of showing their proper pronunciation and etymological composition.
For the purpose of showing their correct pronunciation and word origin.
2. What is Accent?
2. What’s Accent?
A greater stress of voice placed on one syllable of a word than the others.
A stronger emphasis on one syllable of a word compared to the others.
3. What kind of words have no accent?
3. What kinds of words have no accent?
Monosyllables.
One-syllable words.
4. Why?
4. Why?
Accent implies comparison, and there can be no comparison with one syllable.
Accent suggests comparison, and you can't compare just one syllable.
5. How many kinds of accent?
5. What types of accents are there?
Common, Emphatic, and Discriminating.
Common, Strong, and Selective.
6. What is common accent?
6. What is a common accent?
Ordinary accent of spelling.
Standard spelling accent.
7. How many kinds of common accent?
7. How many types of common accents are there?
Two.
2.
8. What are they?
8. What are they?
Primary and secondary.
Primary and secondary.
9. What is primary accent?
9. What is the main accent?
The principal accent.
The main focus.
10. What is secondary accent?
10. What is a secondary accent?
The partial accent.
The partial dialect.
11. What kind of accent is essential to every word of more than one syllable?
11. What kind of accent is important for every word with more than one syllable?
Primary.
Primary.
12. How close can primary and secondary accent come together?
12. How close can primary and secondary accents get to each other?
Not closer than two syllables.
Not closer than two syllables.
13. How many primary accents can one word have?
13. How many main accents can one word have?
Only one.
Just one.
14. How many secondary accents can a word have?
14. How many secondary accents can a word have?
Two.
Two.
15. In case of two secondary accents, where are they placed?
15. If there are two secondary accents, where should they be placed?
On the first and third.
On the 1st and 3rd.
16. In case of two secondary, where is the primary accent?
16. If there are two secondary accents, where is the primary accent?
On the last but two.
On the second to last.
17. Do the primary and secondary ever change places?
17. Do the primary and secondary ever swap places?
They do.
They do.
18. In words of two syllables, where is the accent?
18. In two-syllable words, where is the stress?
Usually on the first.
Usually on the 1st.
19. In trisyllables, what syllable is accented?
19. In three-syllable words, which syllable is stressed?
Usually the first.
Typically the first.
20. Are there any exceptions?
20. Are there any exceptions?
There are.
There are.
21. In polysyllables, where is the accent?
21. In long words, where is the emphasis?
On the antepenult usually.
Usually on the antepenult.
22. In all words ending in ation, where is the accent?
22. In all words ending in -ation, where's the accent?
On the syllable next to the last.
On the syllable before the last.
23. What is Emphatic accent?
23. What is emphatic accent?
Accent used for emphatic distinction.
Accent for emphasis.
24. Have monosyllables any accent?
Do monosyllables have any accent?
They have sometimes an emphatic, or poetic.
They sometimes have an emphatic or poetic quality.
25. What is Discriminating accent?
25. What is a discriminating accent?
That used to determine parts of speech.
That used to decide parts of speech.
26, Give some examples.
26, Provide some examples.
Au'gust, Au-gust'; Reb'el, Re-bel'.
August, August; Rebel, Rebel.
27, What is Punctuation?
27, What’s Punctuation?
The use of certain characters to aid the reader in determining the thought of the writer.
The use of specific characters to help the reader understand the writer's thoughts.
28. How many kinds of punctuation are there?
28. How many types of punctuation are there?
Four.
Four.
29. What are they?
29. What are they?
Rhetorical, Etymological, for Reference, and for the Printer.
Rhetorical, Etymological, for Reference, and for the Printer.
30. What is Rhetorical punctuation?
30. What is rhetorical punctuation?
That used for rhetorical effect.
That was for rhetorical effect.
31. What is Etymological punctuation?
31. What is etymological punctuation?
That used in Orthography and Orthoepy.
That used in Spelling and Pronunciation.
32. What is Reference punctuation?
What is reference punctuation?
That used to refer the reader to the margin of the page.
That used to direct the reader to the margin of the page.
33. What is punctuation for the Printer?
33. What is punctuation for the Printer?
That used by the writer to inform the printer the kind of type to use.
That was used by the writer to tell the printer what type of font to use.
34. What are the principal Etymological points?
34. What are the main etymological points?
Apostrophe, Caret, Dieresis, Macron, Breve, Tilde, Grave Accent, Acute Accent, Circumflex Accent, Hyphen, and Period.
Apostrophe, Caret, Diaeresis, Macron, Breve, Tilde, Grave Accent, Acute Accent, Circumflex Accent, Hyphen, and Period.
35. What is the use of the Apostrophe?
35. What’s the purpose of the Apostrophe?
To indicate the omission of a letter, or letters, of a word.
To show that a letter or letters are missing from a word.
36. What letter is omitted in the word o'clock?
36. What letter is left out in the word o'clock?
The letter f.
The letter F.
37. What is the use of the Caret?
37. What is the purpose of the Caret?
To correct an error of omission.
To fix a mistake of omission.
38. Is the Caret used in printed copy or manuscript?
38. Is the caret used in printed copies or manuscripts?
In manuscript.
In draft.
39. For what is the Dieresis used?
39. What is the Dieresis used for?
To separate two vowels which would otherwise form a diphthong.
To separate two vowels that would normally create a diphthong.
40. Give an example of the use of the Dieresis.
40. Provide an example of how to use the Dieresis.
Zoölogy, and Diëresis.
Zoology and Diæresis.
41. What is the use of the Macron?
41. What is the purpose of the Macron?
To mark the long quantity of syllables.
To indicate the large number of syllables.
42. What is a long syllable?
What is a long syllable?
One in which the vowel has the long sound.
One where the vowel has the long sound.
43. What is the use of the Breve?
43. What is the purpose of the Breve?
To mark the short quantity of syllables.
To highlight the small number of syllables.
44. What is a short syllable?
What is a short syllable?
One in which the vowel has the short sound.
One where the vowel has the short sound.
45. What kind of a mark is the Tilde?
45. What type of mark is the Tilde?
A Spanish mark.
A Spanish brand.
46. How many uses has the Tilde?
46. How many uses does the Tilde have?
Two.
2.
47. What are they?
47. What are they?
Placed over n it gives the sound of ny as, in cañon. In English it indicates certain sounds of the vowels.
Placed over n it gives the sound of ny as in canyon. In English, it indicates certain sounds of the vowels.
48. How many accent marks are there?
48. How many accent marks are there?
Three.
Three.
49. What are they?
49. What are they?
Grave, Acute, and Circumflex.
Grave, Acute, and Circumflex accents.
50. What is the use of the Grave accent?
50. What is the purpose of the grave accent?
To mark the falling inflection.
To indicate the falling tone.
51. What is the use of the Acute accent?
51. What is the purpose of the acute accent?
To mark the primary accent, and the rising inflection.
To indicate the main emphasis and the upward tone.
52. What is the use of the Circumflex?
52. What is the purpose of the Circumflex?
To mark the peculiar inflection of the voice in the pronunciation of a word.
To highlight the unique twist in the voice when pronouncing a word.
53. How many uses has the Hyphen?
53. What are the uses of the Hyphen?
Three.
Three.
54. What are they?
54. What are they about?
To separate the parts of a compound word; to separate a word into syllables; and to divide a word at the end of a line.
To break apart the parts of a compound word; to break a word into syllables; and to split a word at the end of a line.
55. When should the Hyphen be used in a compound word?
55. When should the hyphen be used in a compound word?
When the word has not become permanently compounded.
When the word hasn't become permanently combined.
56. When use the Dieresis instead of the Hyphen?
56. When should you use the Dieresis instead of the Hyphen?
When the syllables are divided by the hyphen, there is no hyphen used between the vowels of the digraph.
When the syllables are divided by a hyphen, there is no hyphen used between the vowels of the digraph.
57. What is the use of the Period?
57. What is the purpose of the Period?
To denote an abbreviation.
To indicate an abbreviation.
58. Are there any other uses of the Period?
58. Are there any other uses for the Period?
There are.
There are.
59. Where else is the Period used?
59. Where else is the period used?
In Rhetorical punctuation.
In rhetorical punctuation.
60. Name the points used in Reference punctuation.
60. List the points used in reference punctuation.
Asterisk, Obelisk, Parallels, Section, Paragraph, and Index.
Asterisk, Obelisk, Parallels, Section, Paragraph, and Index.
61. Are these marks ever doubled?
Are these marks ever repeated?
They are.
They are.
62. Are Letters ever used for reference?
62. Are letters ever used as a reference?
They are.
They are.
DIACRITICAL MARKS.
1. What are Diacritical Marks?
What are diacritical marks?
Characters indicating the different sounds of letters.
Characters showing the different sounds of letters.
2. Name the Diacritical Marks.
2. Identify the Diacritical Marks.
Macron, Breve, Dieresis, Semi-Dieresis, Caret, Tilde, Cedilla, and the inverted T.
Macron, Breve, Dieresis, Semi-Dieresis, Caret, Tilde, Cedilla, and the inverted T.
3. Make the Diacritical Marks in the order named:
3. Apply the diacritical marks in the specified order:
(¯); (˘); (¨); (·); (ˇ); (~); (¸); ( ˔).
(¯); (˘); (¨); (·); (ˇ); (~); (¸); ( ˔).
4. What does the Macron indicate?
4. What does the Macron mean?
Over a vowel, its long sound; under e, the sound of a, long; across c, the sound of k; over g, the hard sound; across th, the subvocal sound, and over oo, the long sound.
Over a vowel, its long sound; under e, the sound of a, long; across c, the sound of k; over g, the hard sound; across th, the subvocal sound, and over oo, the long sound.
5. What are the uses of the Breve?
5. What are the uses of the Breve?
Over vowels, it indicates their short sound, and over oo, its short sound.
Over vowels, it shows their short sound, and over oo, its short sound.
6. What does the Dieresis indicate?
6. What does the diaeresis indicate?
Over a, its Italian sound; under a, its broad sound; over i, the sound of e, long; under u, when preceded by r, makes it equivalent to o, Italian.
Over a, its Italian sound; under a, its broad sound; over i, the sound of e, long; under u, when preceded by r, makes it equivalent to o, Italian.
7. What is the use of the Semi-Dieresis?
7. What is the purpose of the Semi-Dieresis?
Over a, gives it the medium sound; under a, the sound of o, short; over o, the sound of u, short; under o, the Italian sound; over g, the soft sound; and under u, the sound of Italian o.
Over a, it has a medium sound; under a, the short sound of o; over o, the short sound of u; under o, the Italian sound; over g, the soft sound; and under u, the Italian sound of o.
8. Where is the Cedilla used?
8. Where is the Cedilla utilized?
Under c, to give it the sound of s.
Under c, to give it the sound of s.
9. What is the use of the Caret as a Diacritical Mark?
9. What is the purpose of the Caret as a Diacritical Mark?
Over a, it indicates the flat sound; over e, the sound of a, flat; over u, the sound of e, in her.
Over a, it indicates a flat sound; over e, the sound of a, flat; over u, the sound of e, as in her.
10. Where is the Tilde used?
10. Where is the tilde used?
Over n in Spanish words it indicates that the sound of y immediately follows. It is also used over e in such words as her, and over i in sir, etc.
Over n in Spanish words, it shows that the sound of y immediately follows. It's also used over e in words like her, and over i in sir, etc.
11. What is the use of the inverted ˔?
11. What’s the purpose of the inverted ˔?
Under s, it gives it the sound of z; under x, it gives the sound of gz.
Under s, it sounds like z; under x, it sounds like gz.
12. Give some words illustrating the use of the Macron.
12. Provide some examples showing how to use the Macron.
Māte, bēam, fīne, bōat, tūbe, ro͞od, ḡo, and pre̱y.
Māte, beam, fine, boat, tube, rod, go, and pray.
13. Give words showing the use of the Breve.
13. Provide examples demonstrating the use of the Breve.
Măt, sĕt, lŏt, tŭb, and fo͝ot.
Măt, sĕt, lŏt, tŭb, and fo͝ot.
14. Illustrate the use of the Dieresis.
14. Show how to use the Dieresis.
Cär, polïce, fa̤lling, and trṳe.
Car, police, falling, and true.
15. Give words showing the use of the Semi-Dieresis.
15. Provide words that demonstrate the use of the Semi-Dieresis.
Mȧsk, whạt, mȯney, ġin, wọlf, and bụsh.
Mȧsk, what, money, gin, wolf, and bush.
16. Illustrate the use of the Caret.
16. Show how to use the Caret.
Fâir, thêre, sûrge, and sometimes over o as in stôrm.
Fâir, there, surge, and sometimes over o as in storm.
17. Give words showing the use of the Tilde.
17. List words that demonstrate the use of the Tilde.
Mẽrge and cañon.
Merge and canyon.
18. Illustrate the use of the Cedilla.
18. Show how to use the Cedilla.
Çell and çhaise.
Cell and chair.
19. Give some words showing the use of the inverted t.
19. Provide some examples demonstrating the use of the inverted t.
Was̝ and ex̝ist.
Was and exist.
20. Are there any other names for the inverted t?
20. Are there any other names for the inverted t?
It has been given different names by different authors.
It has been called different names by different authors.
21. What are they?
21. What are they?
"The Perpendicular," "Suspended Macron," etc.
"The Perpendicular," "Suspended Macron," etc.
22. Is the letter y ever marked by Diacritical Marks?
22. Is the letter y ever marked with diacritical marks?
It is, sometimes.
It can be, sometimes.
23. What marks are used for y?
23. What symbols are used for y?
Macron and Breve.
Macron and Breve.
24. Give examples where y is marked with the Macron.
24. Give examples where y is marked with the Macron.
Spȳ, slȳ, stȳ, etc.
Spicy, slow, stuffy, etc.
25. Give example where y is marked with the Breve.
25. Provide an example where y is marked with the Breve.
Hy̆mn.
Hymn.
26. What mark is used to cancel silent letters?
26. What symbol is used to cancel silent letters?
Short bar, similar to the Macron.
Short bar, similar to the Macron.
PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES.
1. What is the signification of A as a Prefix?
1. What does A mean as a prefix?
On, in, at, to, or towards.
On, in, at, to, or towards.
2. Is A as a prefix ever redundant?
2. Is using A as a prefix ever unnecessary?
It is.
It is.
3. Give examples.
3. Provide examples.
Adry and ameliorate.
Adhere and improve.
4. What does the prefix Ab signify?
4. What does the prefix Ab mean?
From.
From.
5. What does Ab signify?
5. What does Ab mean?
Away from.
Out of reach.
6. What is the signification of Ante?
6. What does Ante mean?
Before.
Before.
7. Name all the prefixes meaning To.
7. List all the prefixes that mean "To."
Ad, ac, af, ag, al, an, ap, ar, and at.
Ad, ac, af, ag, al, an, ap, ar, and at.
9. What does Bis signify?
9. What does Bis mean?
Twice.
Twice.
10. What other prefix means the same?
10. What other prefix has the same meaning?
Dis, from the Greek.
Dis, from Greek.
11. What does Be signify?
What does Be mean?
Upon.
On.
12. What does Circum signify?
12. What does Circum mean?
Around, as circumscribe.
Around, as surround.
13. What is the meaning of Cis?
What does Cis mean?
On this side, as cisalpine.
On this side, as cisalpine.
14. What prefixes signify With?
14. What prefixes mean With?
Con, com, co, col, and cor.
Con, com, co, col, and cor.
15. What prefixes signify Against?
15. What prefixes mean Against?
Contra and counter.
Against and opposite.
16. What does Di signify?
16. What does Di mean?
Two, as ditone.
Two, as a ditone.
17. What prefixes signify Out of, or From?
17. What prefixes mean Out of, or From?
E, and ex.
E, and example.
18. What does Dys signify?
What does Dys mean?
Ill, or difficult, as dysentery and dyspepsia.
Ill, or difficult, like dysentery and indigestion.
19. What does Enter signify?
19. What does Enter mean?
Between or among.
Between or among.
20. What does Epi signify?
20. What does Epi mean?
On, as epitaph; during, as ephemeral.
On, as a tombstone; during, as fleeting.
21. What prefix signifies Equal?
21. What prefix means Equal?
Equi, as equidistant.
Equi, like equidistant.
22. What does Extra signify?
22. What does Extra mean?
Beyond, as extraordinary.
Beyond, as amazing.
23. What is the signification of Eu?
23. What does Eu mean?
Well, or agreeable, as euphony.
Well, or agreeable, as euphony.
24. What does Gain signify?
24. What does Gain mean?
Against, as gainsay.
Opposed, as contradict.
25. What is the signification of Hex?
25. What does Hex mean?
Six, as Hexagon.
Six, as Hex.
26. What does Hyper signify?
26. What does Hyper mean?
Over, as hypercriticism.
Over, like hypercriticism.
27. What does Hypo signify?
27. What does Hypo mean?
Under, or beneath, as hypotenuse and hypocrite.
Under, or below, like hypotenuse and hypocrite.
28. What prefixes signify Not or In?
28. Which prefixes mean Not or In?
In, im, il, and ir.
In, im, il, and ir.
29. What is the signification of Inter?
29. What does Inter mean?
In the midst of, or between, as intellect and intermarry.
In the middle of or between, as intelligence and interconnect.
30. What does Intra signify?
30. What does Intra mean?
Within, or on the inside of.
Within, or on the inside of.
31. What other prefix means the same as Intra?
31. What other prefix has the same meaning as Intra?
Intro.
Introduction.
32. What is the signification of Juxta?
32. What does Juxta mean?
Joined to, or next, as juxtaposition.
Joined to, or next to, as a comparison.
33. What does Mal signify?
33. What does Mal mean?
Bad, as malpractice and maladministration.
Bad, due to malpractice and mismanagement.
34. What is the signification of Meta?
34. What does Meta mean?
In the middle, after, and with.
In the middle, after, and with.
35. What does Mis signify?
35. What does Mis mean?
Amiss, or wrong, as misapply and mishap.
Amiss, or wrong, like misusing and accidents.
36. What is the signification of Mono?
36. What does Mono mean?
One, as monotheistic.
One, as one God.
37. What prefixes signify Many?
37. What prefixes mean Many?
Multi and poly, as multiform and polysyllable.
Multi and poly, like multiform and polysyllable.
38. What does Non signify?
What does Non mean?
Not, as nonsense, nonessential, etc.
Not, as irrelevant, nonessential, etc.
39. What other prefixes signify Not?
What other prefixes mean Not?
Neg, as in negative, and ne, as in nefarious.
Neg, like negative, and ne, like nefarious.
40. What does Ob signify?
40. What does Ob mean?
In the way of, as obstruct.
In the manner of, as to block.
41. What does Oct signify?
What does Oct mean?
Eight, as octagon.
8, as octagon.
42. What does Omni signify?
42. What does Omni mean?
All, or complete, as omnipresent.
All, or complete, as everywhere.
43. What is the signification of Out?
What does Out mean?
Beyond, as outlaw, outbid, outbalance, etc.
Beyond, as a criminal, outbid, outbalance, etc.
44. What does Over signify?
44. What does Over mean?
Above, as overseer, overreach, etc.
Above, as supervisor, overstep, etc.
45. What does Ovi signify?
45. What does Ovi mean?
An egg, as oviform.
An egg, shaped like an oval.
46. What does Para signify?
46. What does Para mean?
Beside, as parallel, paragraph, etc.
Beside, as parallel, paragraph, etc.
47. What is the signification of Pene?
47. What does Pene mean?
Almost, as peninsula—almost an island.
Almost a peninsula—almost an island.
48. What does Per signify?
48. What does Per mean?
Through, or by, as permit, perchance, etc.
Through, or by, as allowed, maybe, etc.
49. What does Peri signify?
49. What does Peri mean?
Around, as perimeter, periosteum.
Around, as boundary, periosteum.
50. What does Pleni signify?
50. What does Pleni mean?
Completeness, or full, as plenitude, etc.
Completeness, or full, like abundance, etc.
51. What does Post signify?
51. *What does Post mean?*
After, or backwards, as postfix, and postpone.
After, or backwards, as a suffix, and delay.
52. What does Pre signify?
52. What does Pre mean?
Before, as prefer, prefix, etc.
Before, as preferred, prefix, etc.
53. What is the signification of Preter?
53. What does Preter mean?
Beyond, as preternatural.
Beyond, as supernatural.
54. What is the signification of Pro?
What does Pro mean?
Before, forth, and for.
Before, forward, and for.
55. What does Pros signify?
55. What does Pros mean?
To, as proselyte.
To, as a convert.
56. What is the signification of Proto?
56. What does Proto mean?
First, as protocol, protoplasm, etc.
First, as protocol, cytoplasm, etc.
57. What does Quad signify?
57. What does Quad mean?
Four, as quadrangle, etc.
Four, as in quad, etc.
58. What does Re signify?
What does Re mean?
Back, or again, as react, recollect, etc.
Back, or again, like react, remember, etc.
60. What does Retro signify?
What does Retro mean?
Backwards, as retrospect and retrograde.
Backwards, as reflection and reverse.
61. What does Se signify?
61. What does Se mean?
By itself, as separate, seclude, etc.
Solo, isolated, etc.
62. What prefixes signify Half?
62. Which prefixes mean Half?
Semi, demi, and hemi, as semicircle, demitone, and hemisphere.
Semi, demi, and hemi, like semicircle, demitone, and hemisphere.
63. What does Sine signify?
What does Sine mean?
Without, as sinecure.
Without, as a no-show.
64. What does Stereo signify?
64. What does Stereo mean?
Solid, as stereotype.
Solid, like a stereotype.
65. What does Sub signify?
65. What does Sub mean?
Under, or inferior, as subterranean and subordinate.
Under, or below, as underground and subordinate.
66. What does Super signify?
What does Super mean?
Over, above, or beyond, as supernatural, etc.
Over, above, or beyond, like supernatural, etc.
67. What does Suf signify?
What does Suf mean?
Less or after, as suffix, etc.
Less or after, as a suffix, etc.
68. What does Supra signify?
68. What does Supra mean?
Same as Super.
Same as Super.
69. What does Sur signify?
69. What does Sur mean?
More than, as surcharge.
More than a surcharge.
70. What prefixes signify Together?
70. What prefixes mean Together?
Syn, sy, syl, and sym, as in syntax, system, syllable, and symbol.
Syn, sy, syl, and sym, like in syntax, system, syllable, and symbol.
71. What does Trans signify?
What does Trans mean?
Beyond, across, and again, as transalpine, transatlantic, and transform.
Beyond, across, and again, as across the mountains, across the ocean, and change.
72. What does Tra signify?
72. What does Tra mean?
Across, as traverse.
Across, as cross.
73. What is the signification of Tri?
73. What does Tri mean?
Three, as trisyllable, triangle, etc.
Three, as in trisyllable, triangle, etc.
74. What does Ultra signify?
74. What does Ultra mean?
Beyond, as ultramarine.
Beyond, like ultramarine.
75. What does Un signify?
75. What does Un mean?
Not, as unhappy, unable, etc.
Not, as unhappy, unable, etc.
76. What is the signification of Under?
76. What does Under signify?
Below, as undercurrent, underrate, etc.
Below, as background, underrate, etc.
77. What does Ve signify?
77. What does Ve mean?
No or not, as vehement.
No or not, as intense.
78. What does Vice signify?
78. What does Vice mean?
Instead of, as Vice-President.
Instead of being Vice President.
79. What does With signify?
79. What does With mean?
Against or back, as withstand, withdraw.
Against or back, as resist, retreat.
80. What other signification has With in some words?
80. What other meanings does "With" have in certain words?
Near, as within; together, as withal, etc.
Near, as within; together, as with everything else, etc.
81. What suffixes signify "able to be"?
81. What suffixes mean "able to be"?
Able, ible, and ile, as curable, audible, and visible.
Able, ible, and ile, like curable, audible, and visible.
82. What suffixes signify rank, or office?
82. What suffixes indicate rank or position?
Acy, ate, ric; dom, and ship, as in curacy, pontificate, bishopric, kingdom, and clerkship.
Acy, ate, ric; dom, and ship, as in curacy, pontificate, bishopric, kingdom, and clerkship.
83. What is the signification of Age?
83. What does Age mean?
Act of, as marriage, passage, etc.
Act of, as marriage, passage, etc.
84. Has the suffix Age any other signification?
84. Does the suffix Age have any other meaning?
From the Latin ago, it means collection.
From the Latin word ago, it means collection.
85. What does An signify?
85. What does An mean?
One who, or the person who acts, as equestrian, pedestrian, etc.
One who acts as a rider, walker, etc.
86. What does Ana signify?
What does Ana mean?
A collection of memorable sayings, as Franklinana—the sayings of Franklin.
A collection of memorable quotes, known as Frankliniana—the quotes of Franklin.
87. What does Ant signify?
87. What does Ant mean?
Being, and has the force of ing, as dominant, verdant, etc.
Being, and has the force of -ing, as dominant, green, etc.
88. What is the signification of the suffix Art?
88. What does the suffix Art mean?
One who, as braggart.
A person who boasts.
89. What does Ary signify?
What does Ary mean?
Place where, or place which, as library, aviary, etc.
Place where, or place that, like a library, aviary, etc.
90. What does Ate signify?
90. What does Ate mean?
Full of, or abundance, as desolate, passionate, etc.
Full of, or abundant, as desolate, passionate, etc.
91. What is the signification of Celli?
91. What does Celli mean?
Little, as vermicelli, etc.
Little, like vermicelli, etc.
92. What other suffixes also signify Little?
92. What other suffixes also mean Small?
Cle, cule, el, en, kin, let, ot, ling, ock, and ie.
Cle, cule, el, en, kin, let, ot, ling, ock, and ie.
93. What does Ene signify?
93. What does Ene mean?
Belonging to, as terrene, etc.
Belonging to, like earthly, etc.
94. What is the signification of Eous?
94. What does Eous mean?
Full of, as beauteous, etc.
Full of beauty, etc.
95. What does Ed signify?
95. What does Ed mean?
When added to a verb it signifies did, as played; but to a participle, was, as completed.
When added to a verb, it means did, as in played; but to a participle, it means was, as in completed.
96. What is the signification of Er?
What does Er mean?
More or often, as brighter, glimmer, etc.
More often, like brighter, glimmer, etc.
97. What does Erly signify?
What does Erly mean?
Direction of, as northerly.
Direction, as north.
98. What does Es signify?
98. What does Es mean?
More than one, as foxes, etc.
More than one, like foxes, etc.
99. What does Escent signify?
99. What does Escent mean?
Growing or becoming, as convalescent.
Healing or recovering, as patient.
100. What does Esque signify?
100. What does Esque mean?
Belonging to, or like, as picturesque, etc.
Belonging to, or similar to, as scenic, etc.
101. What does Ess signify?
101. *What does Ess mean?*
Feminine when added to nouns, as tigress.
Feminine when added to nouns, like tigress.
102. What does Est signify?
102. What does Est mean?
Greatest or least, as largest, smallest, etc.
Greatest or least, like largest, smallest, etc.
103. What does Head signify?
103. What does Head mean?
State or nature, as Godhead.
State or nature, as divinity.
104. What does Ics signify?
104. What does ICS stand for?
Things relating to, as optics, etc.
Things related to, like optics, etc.
105. What does Ides signify?
What do Ides mean?
Resemblance, as alkaloides, etc.
Resemblance, like alkaloids, etc.
106. What is the signification of Im?
What does Im mean?
More than one, as cherubim.
More than one, like cherubs.
107. What does Ina signify?
What does Ina mean?
Feminine, as Czarina.
Feminine, like a Czarina.
108. What does Ing signify?
What does Ing mean?
Continuing, as singing, etc.
Continuing, like singing, etc.
109. What is the signification of Ior?
109. What does Ior mean?
More, as superior.
More is better.
110. What does Ique signify?
110. What does Ique mean?
Belonging to, as antique.
Belonging to, as vintage.
111. What is the signification of Ish?
111. What does Ish mean?
Like, as boyish, girlish, etc.
Like, boyish, girlish, etc.
112. What does Isk signify?
112. What does Isk mean?
Little, as asterisk, etc.
Little, like an asterisk, etc.
113. What does Ite signify?
113. What does Ite mean?
That which, as appetite.
That which fulfills desire.
114. What does Ive signify?
What does Ive mean?
Able to do, as adhesive, etc.
Able to do, like adhesive, etc.
115. What does Ion signify?
115. What does Ion mean?
State or act, as location.
State or act, as place.
116. What does Ism signify?
116. What does Ism mean?
Doctrine, as Calvinism, etc.
Doctrine like Calvinism, etc.
117. What does Ix signify?
117. What does Ix mean?
Feminine of nouns, as testatrix.
Feminine nouns, like testatrix.
118. What does Kin signify?
What does Kin mean?
A son of, or little, as lambkin.
A son or a little lamb.
119. What does Kind signify?
What does Kind mean?
Race, as mankind.
Race, as humanity.
120. What does Less signify?
What does Less mean?
Without, as guiltless, breathless, etc.
Without, guilt-free, breathless, etc.
121. What does Ling signify?
121. What does Ling mean?
Young, as duckling, etc.
Young, like a duckling, etc.
122. What does Ly signify?
What does Ly mean?
Like, or in a manner, as manly, calmly, etc.
Like, or in a way that's manly, calmly, etc.
123. What does Most signify?
What does Most mean?
Greatest or furthest, as hindmost.
Greatest or farthest, as last.
124. What does Ment signify?
124. What does Ment mean?
State or act, as settlement, judgment, etc.
State or act, like settlement, judgment, etc.
125. What does Ness signify?
125. What does Ness mean?
The quality of, or state of, as whiteness, etc.
The quality or condition of things like whiteness, etc.
126. What does Ock signify?
126. What does Ock mean?
Small or young, as hillock, bullock, etc.
Small or young, like a little hill or a young bull, etc.
127. What does Oid signify?
127. What does Oid mean?
Likeness, as spheroid, etc.
Likeness, like a sphere, etc.
128. What does Or signify?
What does Or mean?
One who, as actor, director, etc.
One who, as an actor, director, etc.
129. What does Ory signify?
What does Ory mean?
Having the quality of, as vibratory, etc.
Having qualities like vibrancy, etc.
130. What does On signify?
130. What does On mean?
Large, as million, etc.
Large, like millions, etc.
131. What does Ous signify?
131. What does Ous mean?
Having the quality of, as solicitous.
Having the quality of being caring.
132. What does Ot signify?
What does Ot mean?
Little, as idiot.
Little, as fool.
133. What does Re signify?
What does Re mean?
Same as Er, as it is another form of it.
Same as Er, since it is just another version of it.
134. What does Red signify?
What does red mean?
Those who, as kindred, etc.
Those who are related, etc.
135. What is the signification of Ress?
What does Ress mean?
Feminine of nouns, as instructress.
Feminine nouns, like instructress.
136. What does Ric signify?
What does Ric mean?
Office of, as bishopric.
Bishopric office.
137. What does Ry signify?
What does Ry mean?
Place where, or things collectively.
Location or items together.
138. What does Se signify?
What does Se mean?
To make, as cleanse.
To create, as purify.
139. What does San signify?
What does San mean?
The person who, as partisan, etc.
The person who, as a supporter, etc.
140. What does Ship signify?
What does Ship mean?
The condition, as professorship.
The condition, like a professorship.
141. What does Some signify?
What does Some mean?
Full, as quarrelsome.
Full of conflict.
142. What does Ster signify?
142. What does Ster mean?
The person who, as teamster.
The person who drives a team.
143. What does Teen signify?
143. What does Teen mean?
Ten to be added, as fourteen.
Ten to be added, making fourteen.
144. What is the signification of Tude?
What does Tude mean?
The state of being, as similitude.
The state of being, as similarity.
145. What does Ty signify?
145. What does Ty mean?
To multiply into, as seventy, forty, etc.
To multiply by, like seventy, forty, etc.
146. What does Ude signify?
What does Ude mean?
Same as Tude, the state of being.
Same as Tude, the state of being.
147. What does Ule signify?
What does Ule mean?
Little, as globule.
Tiny, like a droplet.
148. What does Ward signify?
What does Ward mean?
Direction of, as eastward, etc.
Direction, like eastward, etc.
149. What does Ways signify?
149. What does Ways mean?
Manner, as crossways, lengthways, etc.
Manner, like sideways, lengthwise, etc.
150. What does the suffix Y signify?
150. What does the suffix Y mean?
Plenty, as smoky; also abounding in, as wealthy.
Plenty, as smoky; also full of, as rich.
151. Are there any exceptions to the meaning of the foregoing Prefixes and Postfixes?
151. Are there any exceptions to the meanings of the aforementioned Prefixes and Postfixes?
There are some, and therefore great judgment must be exercised in applying them to the analysis of words.
There are some, and so careful judgment must be used when applying them to the analysis of words.
152. What is meant by the term "Good Bye"?
152. What does the term "Good Bye" mean?
God be with you.
God be with you.
153. What does the suffix Ster signify?
153. What does the suffix Ster mean?
Feminine, as spinster.
Feminine, like a spinster.
PROMISCUOUS QUESTIONS.
1. Is A the first letter of all written alphabets?
1. Is A the first letter of every written alphabet?
All but one, the Abyssinian.
All except the Abyssinian.
2. What number is A in the Abyssinian alphabet?
2. What number is A in the Abyssinian alphabet?
The thirteenth.
The 13th.
3. Is double A ever written together as a word?
3. Is double A ever written as one word?
It is, as a proper noun.
It is, as a proper noun.
4. What is Aa the name of?
4. What is Aa the name of?
About forty small rivers in Europe.—Cyclopedia.
About forty small rivers in Europe.—Cyclopedia.
5. Is B the second letter of all alphabets?
5. Is B the second letter of all alphabets?
All except the Ethiopic.
All except the Ethiopian.
6. What number is B in the Ethiopic?
6. What number is B in Ethiopic?
Ninth.
Ninth.
7. Give a word in which P has the sound of B.
7. Give a word where P sounds like B.
Cupboard.
Cabinet.
8. What letter is the Sonorous counterpart of T?
8. What letter is the sound equivalent of T?
The letter D.—Cyclopedia.
The letter D.—Encyclopedia.
9. Give the Periodic changes of the English language.
9. Outline the ongoing changes in the English language.
Saxon, Semi-Saxon, Old English, Middle English, and Modern English.
Saxon, Semi-Saxon, Old English, Middle English, and Modern English.
10. Give date of "Saxon period."
10. Provide date of "Saxon period."
Previous to 1150 A.D.
Before 1150 A.D.
11. Give date of "Semi-Saxon period."
11. Provide date of "Semi-Saxon period."
1150 to 1250.
1150 to 1250.
12. Give date of "Old English period."
12. Provide the dates for the "Old English period."
1250 to 1350.
1250 to 1350.
13. Give date of "Middle English period."
13. Provide the date of the "Middle English period."
1350 to 1550.
1350 to 1550.
14. Give date of "Modern English period."
14. Provide the date for the "Modern English period."
Time since 1550.
Time since 1550.
15. What constitutes a Period in Language?
15. What defines a Period in Language?
Any great change in the Literature of a People.
Any major change in the literature of a people.
16. What causes these changes?
16. What drives these changes?
Mostly national invasion.
Mostly national invasion.
17. What is assimilation of Consonants?
17. What is consonant assimilation?
When an aspirate and subvocal comes together, it is necessary to change the sound of one or the other, to make the combination pronounceable.
When an aspirate and a subvocal occur together, it’s necessary to change the sound of one or the other to make the combination pronounceable.
18. What is meant by an Element of Speech?
18. What is an Element of Speech?
An indivisible portion of language.
A basic unit of language.
19. What is a Sonant sound?
19. What is a sonant sound?
One uttered with intonated or resonant breath.
One spoken with a melodic or resonant voice.
20. In changing the word traffic to trafficked, why supply the letter k?
20. In changing the word traffic to trafficked, why add the letter k?
To preserve the proper sound of c.
To maintain the correct sound of c.
21. Under what condition is a consonant never doubled at the end of a word?
21. When is a consonant never doubled at the end of a word?
When immediately following a diphthong.—Webster.
When right after a diphthong.—Webster.
22. When is C followed by K in spelling?
22. When is C followed by K in spelling?
Words ending with the sound of k, and in which c follows the vowel.
Words that end with the sound of "k" and have "c" after the vowel.
23. Give some examples.
23. Provide some examples.
Back, black, fleck, etc.
Back, black, fleck, etc.
24. Are there any exceptions?
24. Are there exceptions?
There are, as sac, arc, etc.
There are, as sac, arc, etc.
25. Why is the word Humbugged spelt with two g's?
25. Why is the word Humbugged spelled with two g's?
To prevent sounding the g like j.
To stop "g" from sounding like "j."
26. Give some words spelled differently in the U.S. and in England.
26. List some words that are spelled differently in the U.S. and in England.
Woolen—woollen, honor—honour, etc.
Woolen—woolen, honor—honor, etc.
27. When do words, ending in double e, drop one e on taking an additional syllable?
27. When do words that end in double e drop one e when an extra syllable is added?
When the suffix begins with e.
When the suffix starts with e.
28. Why?
28. Why?
To prevent three e's coming together.
To avoid having three e's come together.
29. Does pluralizing a word ever change the accent?
29. Does making a word plural ever change the accent?
Sometimes it does.
Sometimes it really does.
30. Give an example.
30. Provide an example.
An'tipode—Antip'odes.
Antipodes
31. In such words as Defense, which is correct, se or ce for the termination?
31. In words like Defense, which ending is correct, se or ce?
Se, because the s belongs to the words from which they are derived.—Webster.
Se, because the s belongs to the words from which they are derived.—Webster.
32. Should words of English origin end in ise or ize?
32. Should words of English origin end in ise or ize?
Ize; same as those from the Greek.
Ize; just like those from the Greek.
33. Are there any exceptions to these rules?
33. Are there any exceptions to these rules?
There are; as advertise, from English, etc.
There are; as advertised, from English, etc.
34. Are the words ox, calf, sheep, and pig of French or Saxon origin?
34. Are the words ox, calf, sheep, and pig from French or Saxon origins?
Saxon.
Saxon.
35. From what language do the words beef, veal, mutton, and pork come?
35. What language do the words beef, veal, mutton, and pork come from?
The Norman-French.
The Norman French.
36. What is a Lexicon?
36. What is a Lexicon?
A Dictionary.
A Dictionary.
37. What is an irregular sound?
What is an unusual sound?
Sound of a Redundant letter.
Sound of a useless letter.
38. How are words divided as regards Specie?
38. How are words divided in terms of Species?
Primitive and Derivative.
Primitive and Derivative.
39. How may the meaning of a word be changed?
39. How can the meaning of a word be changed?
By accent; as Aug'ust, August'.
By accent; as Aug'ust, August.
40. What is an irregular derivative?
40. What’s an irregular derivative?
One in which the letters of the root are changed in forming the derivative.
One where the letters of the root are altered when creating the derivative.
41. What is Pronunciation?
41. What is Pronunciation?
The distinct utterance of the sounds of a word.
The clear pronunciation of the sounds in a word.
42. What are the significant parts of a word?
42. What are the key components of a word?
Root, prefix, and suffix.
Root, prefix, and suffix.
43. How are words divided as to variety?
43. How are words categorized by type?
Italic, Roman, Old English, etc.
Italic, Roman, Old English, etc.
44. Name some compound word in which both parts retain their own accent.
44. List some compound words where both parts keep their own stress.
Writ'ing-mas'ter.
Writing master.
45. Name some word in which one part loses its accent.
45. List some words where one part loses its stress.
Gentle-manly.
Gentleman-like.
46. Can all the vowels form syllables themselves?
46. Can all the vowels create syllables on their own?
All except W.
Everyone but W.
47. When has R a rough sound?
47. When does R have a rough sound?
When it begins a word.
When it starts a word.
48. How are words distinguished?
How are words recognized?
By their forms and uses.
By their shapes and uses.
49. Why do Consonants ever unite?
49. Why do consonants ever unite?
To form complex sounds: as rr in Burr.
To make complex sounds: like rr in Burr.
50. From what language are most words derived that end in less?
50. What language do most words that end in "less" come from?
Anglo-Saxon.
Anglo-Saxon.
51. Is Z the last letter of all alphabets?
51. Is Z the last letter of all alphabets?
All except the Greek, and Hebrew.
All except the Greek and Hebrew.
52. What is its place in the Greek alphabet?
52. What is its position in the Greek alphabet?
Sixth.
6th.
53. What is its place in the Hebrew?
53. What is its significance in Hebrew?
Seventh.
Seventh.
54. What letter is the sonorous counterpart of S?
54. Which letter sounds like S?
The letter Z.—Cyclopedia.
The letter Z.—Encyclopedia.
55. What is spelling of Z in England?
55. How do you spell Z in England?
Zed, and also Izzard.
Zed and Izzard.
56. What language has two letters representing the sound of Z?
56. What language has two letters that make the Z sound?
The Russian.
The Russian person.
57. When was the letter W first used?
57. When was the letter W first used?
About the end of the Seventh Century.
About the end of the 7th Century.
58. What changes the sound of a vowel from long to short?
58. What makes a vowel sound go from long to short?
The absence of the accent.
Missing the accent.
59. In what situation is gh always silent?
When is gh always silent?
After i in the same syllable.
After i in the same syllable.
60. How many words of two syllables are changed from nouns to verbs by accent?
60. How many two-syllable words change from nouns to verbs based on accent?
About eighty.
About eighty.
61. What word contains a consonant Tetragraph?
61. What word has a consonant tetragraph?
Phthisic.
Tuberculosis.
62. What is Philology?
62. What is Linguistics?
The science of language.
Linguistics.
63. When is ue final, silent?
63. When is "ue" silent?
After g and q; as fatigue and oblique.
After g and q; as fatigue and oblique.
64. What are the elements of spoken language?
64. What are the components of spoken language?
Vocal and articulate sounds.
Vocal and clear sounds.
65. What are Hybrid words?
65. What are hybrid words?
Mongrel compounds.
Mixed breeds.
66. What is Terminology?
66. What is Terminology?
A treatise on technicalities.
A paper on technical details.
READING AND ELOCUTION.
1. What is Reading?
What is reading?
Silent perusal or distinct utterance of thought and feeling, as seen expressed in written language.
Silent reading or clear expression of thoughts and feelings, as shown in written language.
2. How many kinds of Reading are there?
2. How many types of reading are there?
Two.
2.
3. What are they?
3. What's that?
Silent and Audible.
Silent and Loud.
4. What is Silent Reading?
4. What is Silent Reading?
The perusal of Language without utterance.
The study of language without speaking.
5. What is Audible Reading?
What is Audiobook Reading?
The utterance of thought and feeling, as seen expressed in written Language.
The expression of thoughts and feelings, as shown in written language.
6. What is Elocution?
6. What is public speaking?
The science and art of the delivery of composition.
The science and art of delivering composition.
7. How many kinds of Delivery are there?
7. How many types of Delivery are there?
Three.
Three.
8. What are they?
8. What are they?
Speaking, Declamation, and Oratory.
Speaking, Public Speaking, and Rhetoric.
9. What is Speaking?
What is Speaking?
The utterance of thought and feeling without reference to the written page.
The expression of thoughts and feelings without referring to the written page.
10. What is Declamation?
10. What is Declamation?
The delivery of another's composition.
Delivering someone else's work.
11. What is Oratory?
11. What is Public Speaking?
The delivery of one's own composition.
The presentation of one's own work.
12. How many kinds of Oratory are there?
12. How many types of Oratory are there?
Two.
2.
13. What are they?
What are they?
Prepared and Extempore.
Prepared and spontaneous.
14. What is Prepared oratory?
What is prepared speaking?
That which has been studied previous to delivery.
That which has been examined before the delivery.
15. What is Extempore oratory?
15. What is extemporaneous speaking?
That which is accomplished simultaneously with the delivery.
That which is done at the same time as the delivery.
16. What is Vocal Culture?
16. What is Vocal Culture?
The training of the organs of speech for effective delivery.
The training of the speech organs for effective delivery.
17. What should be the primary object in Audible reading?
17. What should be the main goal of listening to audiobooks?
To convey to the hearer the ideas and sentiments of the writer.
To share the writer's ideas and feelings with the listener.
18. In order to accomplish this, what should the Reader do?
18. To achieve this, what should the Reader do?
Endeavor to make the feelings and sentiments of the writer his own.
Try to make the writer's feelings and emotions your own.
19. What are some of the essential qualities of a good Reader?
19. What are some of the key qualities of a good Reader?
To read slowly, observe the pauses, give proper inflections, read distinctly, and with expression.
To read slowly, notice the pauses, use the right inflections, read clearly, and with feeling.
20. What is Enunciation?
20. What is Enunciation?
The utterance of words.
Saying words.
21. Under how many Divisions should the subject of reading be treated?
21. How many categories should we have for the topic of reading?
Six.
6.
22. What are they?
22. What are they?
Articulation, Inflection, Accent, Emphasis, the Voice, and Gesture.
Articulation, inflection, accent, emphasis, voice, and gesture.
23. What is Articulation?
23. What is Articulation?
Distinct utterance of the elementary sounds, and of the combinations.
Distinct pronunciation of the basic sounds and their combinations.
24. Name four common faults in Articulation.
24. List four common issues in Articulation.
Omitting an unaccented vocal, dropping the final sound, sounding incorrectly an unaccented vowel, and omitting syllables.
Omitting an unaccented vowel, dropping the final sound, pronouncing an unaccented vowel incorrectly, and leaving out syllables.
25. What is Inflection?
25. What’s Inflection?
Sliding of the voice upward or downward.
Sliding the voice up or down.
26. How many kinds of Inflection are there?
26. How many types of inflection are there?
Two.
Two.
27. What are they?
27. What are they?
Rising and falling.
Up and down.
28. What is the Rising inflection?
28. What is the rising tone?
An upward slide of the voice.
An increase in the pitch of the voice.
29. What is the Falling inflection?
29. What is falling intonation?
A downward slide of the voice.
A drop in voice.
30. Are the rising and falling inflections both ever given to the same sound?
30. Can both rising and falling inflections be applied to the same sound?
They are.
They are.
31. How is such inflection marked?
How is this inflection marked?
By the Circumflex.
By the Circumflex.
32. How many kinds of Circumflex?
32. How many types of Circumflex?
Two.
Two.
33. What are they?
33. What are they?
Rising and falling.
Rising and falling.
34. What is the Rising Circumflex?
34. What is the Rising Circumflex?
The sliding of the voice downward and then upward on the same sound.
The voice slides down and then up on the same sound.
35. What is the Falling Circumflex?
35. What is the Falling Circumflex?
The sliding of the voice upward and then downward on the same sound.
The pitch of the voice moving up and then down on the same sound.
36. What is a Monotone?
36. What is a Monotone?
Reading without sliding the voice either upward or downward.
Reading without changing the tone of the voice either up or down.
37. Give Rule 1 for falling inflection.
37. Provide Rule 1 for falling inflection.
Propositions which make complete sense require the falling inflection.
Propositions that are fully clear need to have a falling intonation.
38. Does Emphasis ever reverse this rule?
38. Does emphasis ever change this rule?
It does sometimes.
It occasionally does.
39. Give Rule 2.
39. State Rule 2.
Emphasis generally requires the falling inflection.
Emphasis usually needs a falling intonation.
40. Where the sense is dependent, what inflection is generally used?
40. When the meaning is dependent, what tone is usually used?
The rising.
The ascent.
41. Does Emphasis ever affect this rule?
41. Does emphasis ever change this rule?
Relative emphasis sometimes reverses it.
Relative emphasis can sometimes flip it.
42. What kind of inflection should be used at the end of an interrogative sentence?
42. What kind of tone should be used at the end of a question?
Falling, if it cannot be answered by yes or no.
Falling, if it can't be answered with a yes or no.
43. Negative sentences require what kind of inflection?
43. What kind of inflection do negative sentences need?
Rising.
Awakening.
44. Does Emphasis ever affect this rule?
44. Does emphasis ever impact this rule?
It does; often reversing it.
It does, often reversing it.
45. Imperative sentences have what inflection?
What inflection do imperative sentences have?
Usually the falling.
Usually the fall.
46. What kind of words require opposite inflection?
46. What type of words need opposing inflections?
Words or members expressing antithesis or contrast.
Words or elements that express opposition or contrast.
47. What is a Series?
47. What’s a Series?
A number of particulars following one another in the same construction.
A number of details coming one after another in the same format.
48. How many kinds of Series?
48. How many types of Series?
Two.
Two.
49. What are they?
49. What are they?
Commencing and Concluding.
Starting and Ending.
50. What is a Commencing Series?
50. What is a Starting Series?
One that commences a sentence.
One that starts a sentence.
51. What is a Concluding Series?
What’s a Concluding Series?
One that concludes a sentence.
The end of a sentence.
52. What inflection is given to the members of a commencing series?
52. What tone is used for the members of a starting series?
The rising.
The rise.
53. What inflection is given to the members of a concluding series?
53. What tone is applied to the elements of a concluding series?
The falling.
The downfall.
54. Are there any exceptions to these rules?
54. Are there any exceptions to these rules?
There are.
There are.
55. What causes the exceptions?
55. What triggers the exceptions?
Emphasis.
Focus.
56. What is a Parenthesis in reading?
56. What is a Parenthesis in reading?
A sentence, or clause, set off by curves from the context.
A sentence or clause separated by parentheses from the context.
57. How should the Parenthesis be read?
57. How should the Parenthesis be read?
In a lower tone and more rapidly.
In a quieter voice and faster.
58. What is the use of the Circumflex?
58. What is the purpose of the Circumflex?
To express irony, or sarcasm.
To show irony or sarcasm.
59. What meaning is always suggested by the Circumflex?
59. What meaning is always suggested by the Circumflex?
Doubtful or double meaning.
Ambiguous or double meaning.
60. What is the use of the Monotones?
60. What's the purpose of the Monotones?
To produce an effect in grave and solemn subjects.
To create an impact on serious and solemn topics.
61. What is Accent in reading?
What is accent in reading?
Increase of force on certain syllables of a word.
Increase of emphasis on certain syllables of a word.
62. Give an example of Emphatic accent.
62. Give an example of emphatic accent.
This corrup'tion must put on in'terruption.
This corruption must cause an interruption.
63. What does Pitch signify?
63. What does pitch mean?
The place in the musical scale on which an element is sounded.
The spot in the musical scale where a note is played.
64. What is Force?
64. What is Force?
That property of the voice which relates to loudness of sound.
That characteristic of the voice related to how loud the sound is.
65. How many different kinds of Force?
65. How many different types of Force?
Five.
Five.
66. What are they?
66. What are they?
Suppressed, subdued, ordinary, energetic, and vehement.
Suppressed, subdued, ordinary, energetic, and passionate.
67. To what does Stress relate?
67. What is Stress related to?
Different modes of applying force.
Different ways to apply force.
68. How many kinds of Stress?
68. What types of stress exist?
Three.
Three.
69. What are they?
69. What are they?
Expulsive, Explosive, and Vanishing.
Expulsive, Explosive, and Vanishing.
70. What is meant by Quantity?
70. What does Quantity mean?
Length of time the voice dwells on a word.
Length of time the voice lingers on a word.
71. What is Quality?
71. What is Quality?
That property which relates to the kind of voice.
That property related to the type of voice.
72. What is Movement?
72. What is Movement?
The degree of rapidity with which the voice moves from one word to another.
The speed at which the voice shifts from one word to another.
73. How many kinds of Movement?
73. How many types of Movement?
Six.
6.
74. What are they?
What are they?
Very slow, slow, moderate, lively, rapid, and very rapid.
Very slow, slow, moderate, lively, fast, and very fast.
75. What does Expression comprehend?
75. What does Expression mean?
The practical application of all the principles of reading and elocution.
The practical use of all the principles of reading and speaking.
76. What is Cadence?
76. What’s Cadence?
The natural dropping of the voice at the end of a sentence, denoting completeness of thought.
The natural lowering of the voice at the end of a sentence, indicating that the thought is finished.
77. What is a Rhetorical pause?
77. What is a rhetorical pause?
A suspension of the voice for rhetorical effect.
A pause in the voice for dramatic effect.
78. What is Emphasis?
78. What is Emphasis?
Giving force and energy to certain words.
Giving power and energy to certain words.
79. How many kinds of Emphasis?
79. How many types of Emphasis?
Two.
Two.
80. What are they?
80. What are they?
Absolute and relative.
Absolute and relative.
81. What is Absolute emphasis?
What is absolute emphasis?
Emphasis made without any contrast with other words.
Emphasis placed without any comparison to other words.
82. What is Relative emphasis?
82. What is relative emphasis?
Emphasis used where there is antithesis either expressed or implied.
Emphasis is used where there's antithesis, whether it's expressed or implied.
83. Is a whole Phrase ever made emphatic?
83. Is an entire phrase ever emphasized?
It is often.
It happens often.
84. For what purpose?
84. What's the point?
To give it great force.
To make it powerful.
85. What is the Emphatic pause?
85. What is the Emphatic pause?
Pause made for emphasis.
Pause for effect.
86. What is Antithesis?
86. What is Antithesis?
Two or more words opposed to each other in meaning.
Two or more words that have opposite meanings.
87. What is a Climax?
87. What is a Climax?
A series of particulars increasing in importance to the last.
A series of details growing increasingly important until the final one.
88. What is Anti-climax?
88. What is Anti-climax?
A series of particulars decreasing in importance to the last.
A series of details getting less important towards the end.
89. What is meant by Transition?
89. What does Transition mean?
Any sudden change in reading.
Any sudden change in reading.
90. What is Emphatic repetition?
90. What is emphatic repetition?
Words repeated for emphasis.
Words repeated for emphasis.
91. What is an Interrogation?
91. What is an interrogation?
A statement, or assertion, put in the form of a question.
A statement or claim presented as a question.
92. What is an Exclamation?
92. What’s an Exclamation?
A statement denoting strong emotions.
A statement showing strong feelings.
93. What is Personation?
93. What is Posing?
One person imitating the actions and manners of some other person or persons.
One person mimicking the actions and behaviors of another individual or group.
94. How many kinds of style in reading?
94. How many different styles are there in reading?
Five.
Five.
95. What are they?
95. What are they?
Description, Argument, Narration, Persuasion, Exhortation.
Description, Argument, Storytelling, Persuasion, Encouragement.
96. What should be characteristic of the Descriptive style?
96. What should be typical of the Descriptive style?
The Speaker should use the same manner that he would if he were actually describing the thing spoken of.
The Speaker should use the same approach that he would if he were actually describing what he's talking about.
97. What should be characteristic of the Argumentative style?
97. What should be typical of the Argumentative style?
Directness and earnestness.
Sincerity and straightforwardness.
98. What should characterize the Narrative?
98. What should define the Narrative?
The Reader should proceed as though relating his own experience.
The reader should continue as if sharing their own experience.
99. What the Persuasive?
99. What's the Persuasive?
Those tones, looks, and gestures which bring conviction to the hearer.
Those tones, looks, and gestures that create conviction in the listener.
100. What should characterize the Exhortative?
100. What should define the Exhortative?
The performer should appeal, beseech, and implore, as the case may require.
The performer should attract, ask, and urge, as the situation demands.
101. What is the Slur?
What’s the Slur?
The smooth gliding of the voice in parenthetic clauses, etc.
The smooth flow of the voice in parenthetical clauses, etc.
102. How are Emphatic words distinguished?
102. How are emphatic words distinguished?
By different styles of printing.
By various printing styles.
103. How many kinds of letters are used to denote emphasis?
103. How many types of letters are used to show emphasis?
Three usually.
Usually three.
104. What are they?
104. What are they?
Italics, small capitals, and capitals.
Italics, small caps, and caps.
105. What is Antithetic emphasis?
105. What is antithetic emphasis?
Same as Relative.
Same as relative.
106. What is Modulation?
106. What is modulation?
Variation of the voice in speaking and reading.
Variation of voice in speaking and reading.
107. What is Pure tone?
107. What is a Pure tone?
A clear, flowing sound, with moderate pitch.
A smooth, flowing sound at a moderate pitch.
108. What is the Orotund?
108. What is the Orotund?
Pure tone intensified.
Pure tone increased.
109. For what is it adapted?
109. What is it designed for?
To express sublime and pathetic emotions.
To express deep and touching emotions.
110. What is the Aspirated tone?
110. What is the aspirated tone?
An expulsion of breath, the words being spoken in a whisper.
An exhalation, the words spoken in a whisper.
111. What is the Guttural quality?
111. What is the guttural quality?
Deep undertone.
Deep vibe.
112. What does it express?
112. What does it mean?
Hatred, contempt, loathing, etc.
Hatred, disdain, loathing, etc.
113. What is the Trembling tone?
113. What is the trembling tone?
A constant waver of the voice.
A voice that always shakes.
114. What does it express?
114. What does it mean?
An intense degree of suppressed excitement, or personates old age.
An intense level of hidden excitement, or impersonates old age.
115. What are Pauses?
115. What are Breaks?
Suspensions of the voice in reading or speaking.
Suspensions of the voice while reading or speaking.
116. How many kinds of pauses are there?
116. How many types of pauses are there?
Two.
Two.
117. What are they?
117. What are they?
Grammatical and Rhetorical.
Grammar and Rhetoric.
118. What is Suspensive quantity?
118. What is Suspensive quantity?
Prolongation of the voice at the end of a word without making an actual pause.
Prolonging the voice at the end of a word without actually pausing.
119. What does Quantity embrace?
119. What does Quantity include?
Force and rate.
Force and frequency.
120. What quality of voice is mostly used in speaking and reading?
120. What type of voice is most commonly used in speaking and reading?
Pure tone.
Pure tone.
121. What is meant by Prose?
What does Prose mean?
All composition which is not written in verse.
All writing that isn't in verse.
122. What are some of the varieties of Prose?
122. What are some different types of prose?
Letters, Essays, Travels, History, and Discourses.
Letters, Essays, Travels, History, and Discussions.
123. What is a Letter as a variety of prose?
123. What is a letter as a type of prose?
A written communication addressed by the writer to some other person.
A written message sent by the writer to someone else.
124. What is an Essay?
124. What’s an Essay?
A written discourse on some special subject.
A written discussion on a specific topic.
125. What are Travels?
125. What are Travels?
Records of journeys.
Travel logs.
126. What is History?
126. What’s History?
A record of past events.
A history of past events.
127. What is a Discourse?
127. What is a Discourse?
A performance read or spoken to an audience.
A performance delivered or recited to an audience.
128. Should the voice agree in style with the different varieties of prose?
128. Should the voice match the style of the different types of prose?
It should, and the performer should endeavor to produce the exact sentiments of the writer.
It should, and the performer should try to convey the exact feelings of the writer.
129. What is Poetry?
What is Poetry?
A discourse written in verse and metrical language.
A discussion written in verse and rhythmic language.
130. What is a Verse?
130. What is a Verse?
A single line of metrical language.
A single line of rhythmic language.
131. Is it correct to use the term verse in speaking of a division of prose?
131. Is it correct to use the term verse when talking about a part of prose?
It is not.
It's not.
132. What should we call such division?
132. What should we call this division?
Paragraph or Division.
Section.
133. What is a Stanza?
133. What’s a Stanza?
A number of metrical lines, or verses, combined according to a regular system.
A series of metrical lines, or verses, put together in a structured way.
134. How many kinds of metrical language?
134. How many types of metrical language are there?
Two.
Two.
135. What are they?
135. What are they?
Rhyme and Blank Verse.
Rhyme and Free Verse.
136. What is Rhyme?
136. What is Rhyme?
That language in which the concluding syllables of the verses have a similarity of sound.
That language where the last syllables of the lines sound similar.
137. How many kinds of Rhyme?
137. How many types of rhyme?
Two.
Two.
138. What are they?
What are they?
Perfect and imperfect.
Perfect and flawed.
139. What is a Perfect rhyme?
What is a perfect rhyme?
Where the vowels have the same sound.
Where the vowels sound the same.
140. What is an Imperfect rhyme?
What is an imperfect rhyme?
Where the vowels have a different sound.
Where the vowels sound unique.
141. What is Blank Verse?
What is blank verse?
A kind of metrical language in which there is no similarity of sound.
A type of rhythmic language that doesn't have any similarity in sound.
142. What is the Cæsura pause?
What is the caesura pause?
A rhythmic pause occurring in a verse.
A rhythmic break happening in a line.
143. How many rules should be observed in the use of the Cæsura?
143. How many rules should we follow when using the Caesura?
Three.
Three.
144. Give Rule 1.
144. Provide Rule 1.
The pause should be near the middle of the verse.
The pause should be around the middle of the verse.
145. Give Rule 2.
145. Provide Rule 2.
It should never divide a word.
It should never split a word.
146. Give Rule 3.
Provide Rule 3.
Should not separate words from their modifiers, as adjectives from nouns, adverbs from verbs, etc.
Should not separate words from their modifiers, like adjectives from nouns, adverbs from verbs, and so on.
147. Do all verses have the Cæsura pause?
147. Do all verses have a pause?
They do if over three feet in length.
They do if they're over three feet long.
148. What is meant by a Foot in verse?
148. What does a Foot in verse mean?
A certain portion of a line divided according to accent.
A specific section of a line broken down based on stress.
149. When melody comes in contact with accent, which should yield?
149. When melody meets rhythm, which should take priority?
Accent.
Accent.
150. Is there any other rhythmic pause than the Cæsura?
150. Is there any other rhythmic pause besides the Cæsura?
There is; the demi-cæsura is sometimes used.
There is; the half pause is sometimes used.
151. How many kinds of Poetry are there?
151. How many types of poetry are there?
Seven.
Seven.
152. What are they?
152. What are they?
Epic, Dramatic, Lyric, Elegiac, Didactic, Satiric and Pastoral.
Epic, Dramatic, Lyric, Elegiac, Didactic, Satirical, and Pastoral.
153. What is an Epic poem?
What is an epic poem?
A poetical recital of some great and heroic enterprise.
A poetic presentation of a significant and heroic endeavor.
154. Are there many Epic poems?
Are there many epic poems?
There are not; most nations have one.
There aren't; most countries have one.
155. Name the three Epics of greatest note.
155. What are the three most notable epics?
Homer's Iliad, Virgil's Æneid, and Milton's Paradise Lost.
Homer's Iliad, Virgil's Aeneid, and Milton's Paradise Lost.
156. What language were these poems written in?
156. What language were these poems written in?
The Iliad in Greek, Æneid in Latin, and Paradise Lost in English.
The Iliad in Greek, the Aeneid in Latin, and Paradise Lost in English.
157. What does the Iliad describe or narrate?
157. What does the Iliad describe or tell?
The downfall of Troy, which was the most memorable event in the early history of the Trojans and Greeks.
The fall of Troy was the most significant event in the early history of the Trojans and Greeks.
158. What does the Æneid narrate?
158. What does the Aeneid tell?
The perils and labors of Æneas, who was the reputed founder of the Roman race.
The dangers and struggles of Aeneas, who was believed to be the founder of the Roman people.
159. What does Paradise Lost describe?
What does Paradise Lost discuss?
The downfall of not only the Human but of the Angelic host.
The fall of both Humans and the Angelic host.
160. What is a Dramatic poem?
160. What is a dramatic poem?
One similar in many respects to an Epic.
One that is similar in many ways to an Epic.
161. Name some point of difference.
161. Identify some key differences.
Epic relates past events; the Drama represents events as taking place at the present time.
Epic tells stories from the past; Drama depicts events happening in the present.
162. Name the greatest Dramatic writer of the English.
162. Who is considered the greatest dramatic writer in English?
Shakespeare.
Shakespeare.
163. What is a Drama called that is set to music?
163. What do we call a drama that's set to music?
An opera.
An opera performance.
164. What is a Melodrama?
164. What is a melodrama?
A dramatic poem some parts of which are spoken and some are sung.
A dramatic poem where some sections are spoken and others are sung.
165. What is Lyric Poetry?
165. What is Lyric Poetry?
It is the oldest kind of poetry, and was originally intended to be sung to the accompaniment of the lyre.
It is the oldest form of poetry and was originally meant to be sung with the accompaniment of the lyre.
166. What are Sonnets?
166. What are sonnets?
A kind of Lyric Poems.
A type of lyric poetry.
167. What is an Elegy?
167. What’s an Elegy?
A poem of a mournful kind, usually celebrating the virtues of some person deceased.
A sad poem, typically honoring the qualities of someone who has passed away.
168. What is an Epitaph?
168. What’s an Epitaph?
A short Elegy inscribed on a monument, or written in praise of any one.
A short elegy engraved on a monument or written in honor of someone.
169. What is a Pastoral poem?
What’s a pastoral poem?
One that describes country life.
A description of country life.
170. What is a Didactic poem?
170. What’s a Didactic poem?
One the aim of which is to give instruction.
One of the aims is to provide instruction.
171. What is Meditative Poetry?
What is Meditative Poetry?
A kind of Didactic poetry.
A type of instructional poetry.
172. Name two noted Didactic poems.
172. Name two famous Didactic poems.
Bryant's "Thanatopsis," and Campbell's "Pleasures of Hope."
Bryant's "Thanatopsis" and Campbell's "Pleasures of Hope."
173. What is a Satire?
173. What is satire?
One that holds up the follies of men to ridicule.
One that exposes the foolishness of people to mockery.
174. Is a Satire personal?
Is satire personal?
It is not.
It's not.
175. What is a Lampoon?
What’s a lampoon?
A poem that attacks individuals.
A poem that criticizes individuals.
176. What is Gesture?
176. What is a Gesture?
Expression given to language by movements of the body, limbs, etc.
Expression conveyed through the movements of the body, limbs, and so on.
177. What kind of Gesture is most appropriate?
177. What type of gesture is most suitable?
That which is natural.
What is natural.
178. What attitude should be used in reading and speaking?
178. What mindset should we have when reading and speaking?
Standing.
Standing up.
179. Which hand should hold the book?
179. Which hand should hold the book?
The left, if possible.
The left, if it's okay.
180. Should a Reader keep his eyes on the book constantly?
180. Should a reader keep their eyes on the book all the time?
He should not; but cast the eyes away from the page as often as possible.
He shouldn't; but look away from the page as often as he can.
181. Should a gesture be made while the eyes are looking on the book?
181. Should a gesture be made while looking at the book?
It should not.
It shouldn't.
182. In what kind of language are gestures inappropriate?
182. In what situations are gestures not suitable?
Didactic or unimpassioned discourse.
Teaching or unemotional talk.
183. Should a Speaker begin to gesticulate as soon as he begins his discourse?
183. Should a speaker start using gestures as soon as he begins his speech?
Very seldom, before he has entered fully into the discourse.
Very rarely, before he has completely engaged in the conversation.
184. How many positions are recognized for the hand when not used in gesticulating?
184. How many positions are recognized for the hand when it's not being used for gestures?
Three.
Three.
185. What are they?
185. What are they?
Hanging naturally at the side; resting upon the hip with the elbow thrown backward; and resting on your bosom.
Hanging naturally at the side; resting on the hip with the elbow thrown back; and resting on your chest.
186. What are Descriptive gestures?
186. What are descriptive gestures?
Those used in describing objects.
Those used to describe objects.
187. What are Significant gestures?
What are important gestures?
Those which have special signification.
Those that have special meaning.
188. Name some Significant gestures of the head.
188. List some key head movements.
It drops in grief and shame, and nods in assent; shakes in dissent, and leans forward in attention.
It falls in sadness and embarrassment, and agrees with a nod; trembles in disagreement, and leans in with interest.
189. Name some Significant gestures of the eyes.
189. Name some significant gestures of the eyes.
Raised in prayer, weep in sorrow, burn in anger, and are cast on vacancy in thought.
Raised in prayer, weep in sorrow, burn with anger, and find ourselves lost in thought.
190. Name some of the passions of the mind.
190. List some of the passions of the mind.
Love, anger, joy, sorrow, fear, and courage.
Love, anger, joy, sadness, fear, and bravery.
191. What tone of voice should be used in the expression of Love?
191. What tone of voice should we use when expressing love?
Soft, smooth, and languishing voice.
Soft, smooth, and dreamy voice.
192. What tone of voice should be used to express Anger?
192. What tone of voice should be used to express anger?
Strong, vehement, and elevated voice.
Powerful, passionate, and commanding voice.
193. Where is the best place to practice elocution and reading?
193. Where's the best place to practice speaking clearly and reading?
In the open air, or in a well ventilated room.
In the fresh air, or in a well-ventilated room.
194. Should a Reader or Speaker pay strict attention to the rules of elocution?
194. Should a reader or speaker really pay close attention to the rules of speaking clearly?
He should not, but study nature rather.
He shouldn't, but should study nature instead.
195. What is the Soul of Oratory?
195. What is the Essence of Public Speaking?
Emotion.
Feelings.
196. What is meant by the Compass of the voice?
196. What does the Compass of the voice refer to?
The range in which it can be properly controlled.
The range in which it can be effectively controlled.
197. How may the Compass of the voice be increased?
197. How can the range of the voice be increased?
By continued practice on a very low and very high key.
By consistently practicing on both very low and very high keys.
198. Should a Reader or Speaker drink any liquid while exercising the voice?
198. Should a reader or speaker drink any liquid while using their voice?
He should not, for it is injurious to the vocal chords.
He shouldn't, because it's harmful to the vocal cords.
199. What effect does Tobacco have on the voice?
199. What impact does tobacco have on the voice?
It enfeebles the nervous system and breathing organs, and makes the voice dry, harsh, and ungovernable.
It weakens the nervous system and respiratory organs, resulting in a dry, harsh, and uncontrollable voice.
200. What effect do Stimulants have on the voice?
200. What impact do stimulants have on the voice?
Irritate and inflame the vocal organs, which results in hoarseness and produces too high a key, which terminates in a squeaking tone.
Irritate and inflame the vocal cords, which leads to hoarseness and creates a pitch that's too high, ending in a squeaky sound.
201. In faulty articulation what sounds are usually mispronounced?
201. In unclear speech, which sounds are typically mispronounced?
The vowel sounds of the unaccented syllables.
The vowel sounds of the unstressed syllables.
202. What Consonants are often incorrectly dropped?
202. Which consonants are often dropped incorrectly?
The final consonants.
The last consonants.
203. How may distinct Articulation be acquired?
203. How can distinct articulation be acquired?
By continued practice of the elementary sounds.
By consistently practicing the basic sounds.
204. What are the most prominent Elements of all words?
204. What are the most important elements of all words?
The vowels.
The vowels.
205. Which sounds should be practiced first?
205. Which sounds should I practice first?
The vowels; as they are the most easily uttered.
The vowels are the easiest to pronounce.
206. Can the sounds of the Consonants be given alone?
206. Can the sounds of the consonants be provided on their own?
They can by practice.
They can through practice.
207. What is the source of the greatest defect in Articulation?
207. What is the source of the biggest flaw in Articulation?
Improper sounding of the consonants.
Wrong pronunciation of the consonants.
208. What kind of Inflection is generally given to words of great emphasis?
208. What type of emphasis is usually applied to words that are very important?
The falling; unless the sentiment requires the rising.
The falling; unless the feeling calls for the rising.
209. When is the Inflection of a question changed from the falling to the rising?
209. When does the intonation of a question shift from falling to rising?
When it is repeated or made emphatic.
When it's repeated or given extra emphasis.
210. In the introductory part of a sentence, where the sense is incomplete, what inflection is used?
210. In the beginning of a sentence, when the meaning is incomplete, what inflection is used?
Unless great emphasis is required, the rising should be used.
Unless a lot of emphasis is needed, the rising should be used.
211. The names of persons addressed in formal speech require what inflection?
211. The names of people addressed in formal speech need what tone?
The falling should always be used in such cases.
The falling should always be used in these situations.
212. General statements require what inflection?
212. What inflection do general statements require?
The falling.
The fall.
213. For the sake of harmony, what principle should govern the reader?
213. To create harmony, what principle should guide the reader?
When a sentence ends with the falling inflection, the rising should precede it.
When a sentence ends with a falling tone, it should start with a rising tone before that.
214. When sentences commence with verbs, what inflection is required?
214. When sentences start with verbs, what inflection is needed?
Mostly the rising.
Mostly the rise.
215. What is meant by an Echo in reading?
215. What does an Echo mean in reading?
Interrogative exclamations, where the question is repeated.
Interrogative exclamations where the question is repeated.
216. Give an example of Echo.
216. Provide an example of Echo.
What's the trouble? What's the trouble? trouble enough.
What's the problem? What's the problem? That’s enough trouble.
217. What inflection should be given to members of sentences connected disjunctively?
217. What intonation should be used for parts of sentences connected by "or"?
First member, the rising; second member, the falling.
First member, the ascent; second member, the descent.
218. When several Emphatic words or members come together, how should they be inflected?
218. When several emphatic words or phrases come together, how should they be changed to fit the context?
The most emphatic, the falling; and the others the rising.
The strongest one is falling; the others are rising.
219. What is a Simple Series in reading?
219. What is a Simple Series in reading?
A series of particulars that is composed of single words.
A series of details made up of individual words.
220. What is meant by a Compound Series?
220. What does a Compound Series mean?
One that is composed of clauses is called compound.
One that consists of clauses is called a compound.
221. What determines Accent?
221. What shapes accent?
The usage of our best speakers and writers of the present.
The use of our top speakers and writers today.
222. To whom does it belong to determine and record such usage?
222. Who is responsible for deciding and documenting such usage?
The Lexicographers.
The Lexicographers.
223. Are there any cases in which we can trace the reason for the accent?
223. Are there any situations where we can identify the reason for the accent?
There are; in discriminating accent where it is used to determine the parts of speech.
There are, in distinguishing accents, where they are used to identify the parts of speech.
224. Do we ever have two sets of Antitheses in the same sentence?
224. Do we ever have two sets of opposing ideas in the same sentence?
We do; as each member may contain an antithesis.
We do; because each member might hold a contradiction.
225. Give an example.
225. Provide an example.
John was hurt; William escaped.
John got hurt; William fled.
226. How many sets of Antitheses may be used in one sentence?
226. How many sets of Antitheses can be used in one sentence?
Often three; but seldom more.
Often three; but rarely more.
227. Should there be any difference in the tone of voice used in reading verse and prose?
227. Should there be any difference in the tone of voice used when reading poetry and prose?
There should be a difference.
There must be a difference.
228. What different style ought to be used?
228. What different style should be used?
The monotone and rising inflection are more frequently used in verse than in prose.
The monotone and rising inflection are used more often in poetry than in prose.
229. What is the greatest difficulty met with in reading or declaiming poetic selections?
229. What is the biggest challenge encountered in reading or delivering poetic selections?
In giving it that measured flow which distinguishes it from prose, without falling into a continued monotone.
In giving it that balanced rhythm that sets it apart from prose, while avoiding a constant monotone.
230. What is a good method to break up this habit?
230. What's a good way to break this habit?
Reduce the selection to prose, and deliver it in an earnest, conversational style.
Reduce the selection to prose and present it in a sincere, conversational tone.
231. Why should there be a short pause at the end of each line of poetry, even where the sense does not require it?
231. Why should there be a brief pause at the end of each line of poetry, even when the meaning doesn't call for it?
In order that the measure of the poem may be more perceptible to the ear.
In order for the flow of the poem to be more noticeable to the ear.
232. What is it that constitutes the melody of a poem?
232. What makes up the melody of a poem?
The pauses and accents chiefly.
The pauses and accents mainly.
233. What rule should govern the reader in the use of pauses and accents?
233. What guideline should the reader follow when using pauses and emphasis?
Use variety, and not make them too prominent.
Use a variety of options, and don’t make them too obvious.
234. What tone of voice should be used in reading a Simile in poetry?
234. What tone of voice should be used when reading a simile in poetry?
The simile should be read in a lower tone than the rest of the passage.
The simile should be read in a softer tone than the rest of the passage.
235. What, with regard to the voice, is an important object to every speaker and reader?
235. What is the most important aspect of voice for every speaker and reader?
The important object is to have a full, even tone of voice.
The key goal is to have a smooth, consistent tone of voice.
236. What key of the voice should be most diligently improved?
236. Which vocal skill should be focused on the most?
The natural key, or that which is used most.
The natural key, or the one that's used the most.
237. What is meant by the natural key or pitch?
237. What is meant by the natural key or pitch?
That which is peculiar to the individual, and in which he can use most easily to himself, and most agreeably to others.
That which is unique to the individual, and in which they can most easily benefit themselves, and most pleasantly interact with others.
238. How can the natural tone of voice be strengthened?
238. How can the natural tone of voice be improved?
By reading and speaking as loud as possible, without suffering the voice to rise into a higher key.
By reading and speaking as loudly as possible, without letting your voice go up into a higher pitch.
239. What is the best method of strengthening the natural key?
239. What is the best way to strengthen the natural key?
By speaking and reading strong, animated passages in a small room.
By speaking and reading powerful, lively sections in a small room.
240. How may low tones be acquired?
240. How can low tones be achieved?
By continued practice in a lower key than the natural.
By consistently practicing at a lower pitch than natural.
241. How may a high key be acquired?
241. How can someone achieve a high key?
In the same manner as a low key; by pitching the voice first a little higher than the natural, and mastering that thoroughly, then still higher and higher.
In the same way as a low key; by raising the voice slightly higher than natural at first, mastering that completely, and then progressively going higher and higher.
242. What is meant by Rotundity of the voice?
242. What does Rotundity of the voice mean?
That peculiar form of tone which the Romans called "Ore rotundo," which signifies "Round mouth."
That unique way of speaking that the Romans referred to as "Ore rotundo," which means "Round mouth."
243. In what kind of sentences is the Rotundity of the voice exemplified?
243. In what type of sentences is the fullness of the voice demonstrated?
In the hailing of vessels, and is used especially by sailors and officers.
In calling out to ships, it is primarily used by sailors and officers.
244. Which is the most difficult: to raise the voice to a higher pitch, or to bring it to a lower?
244. Which is harder: to raise your voice to a higher pitch, or to lower it?
The lowering of the voice is more difficult, and requires great care and practice.
The lowering of the voice is more challenging and requires a lot of attention and practice.
245. What is a common fault with most public speakers?
245. What is a common mistake that most public speakers make?
To run the voice into too high a key, and thus weary the hearers.
To raise the voice to too high a pitch, and as a result, tire out the listeners.
246. What is a good rule by which to govern the voice?
246. What is a good guideline for controlling the voice?
To start on a key lower than the natural, and thus avoid running too high.
To begin on a key lower than the natural, and so avoid going too high.
247. What are the principal styles of different reading selections?
247. What are the main styles of different reading selections?
Descriptive, Narrative, Senatorial, Moral, Didactic, Dramatic, and Amusing.
Descriptive, Narrative, Senatorial, Moral, Educational, Dramatic, and Entertaining.
248. What tone of voice should be used in reading a Descriptive selection?
248. What tone of voice should you use when reading a descriptive piece?
The ordinary, natural tone, with a careful use of emphasis.
The everyday, natural tone, with a thoughtful use of emphasis.
249. What tone of voice is best adapted to the reading of a Narration?
249. What tone of voice works best for reading a narration?
The conversational tone, with as little reference to the printed page as possible.
The tone should be conversational, with minimal mention of the printed page.
250. What style is the best adapted to Senatorial reading?
250. What style is best suited for reading by Senators?
An imitative style and tone, being careful in the use of the emphatic pause.
An imitative style and tone, being careful with the use of the emphatic pause.
251. What tone is best adapted to the reading of Moral and Religious selections?
251. What tone works best for reading Moral and Religious selections?
Low and moderate tone, expressing feeling and sentiment, being careful not to read too fast.
Low and moderate tone, conveying emotions and feelings, being careful not to read too quickly.
252. What style is best adapted to Didactic reading?
252. What style is best suited for educational reading?
That peculiar style which is best adapted to impart instruction, laying special stress on the important idea.
That unique style that best helps teach, emphasizing the key idea.
253. What style and tone are best adapted to the reading of Dramatic selections?
253. What style and tone work best for reading dramatic selections?
A style and tone which are entirely imitative in character.
A style and tone that are completely imitative in nature.
254. What tone or character of voice is best suited to the rendering of Amusing selections?
254. What tone or voice is best for delivering funny selections?
That which will bring out the mirthful sentiment, to the exclusion of all rules for accent, emphasis, etc.
That which will bring out the joyful feeling, without any rules for stress, emphasis, etc.
255. Should all persons use the same tones of voice and style in reading selections?
255. Should everyone use the same tone and style when reading selections?
They should not; as individuals are differently constituted, so they have different ways of expressing their ideas and sentiments.
They shouldn’t; since each person is unique, they have different ways of expressing their thoughts and feelings.
MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES.
SPELLING ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED.
1. Abaissement.
Lowering.
2. Abductor.
Kidnapper.
3. Abelmoschus.
3. Okra.
4. Aberration.
4. Anomaly.
5. Abies.
5. Fir.
6. Ablepsy.
6. Blindness.
7. Abnormal.
Unusual.
8. Abouchement.
8. Connection.
9. Abscess.
9. Abscess.
10. Abscission.
10. Leaf dropping.
11. Absinthium.
11. Absinthe.
12. Abstergent.
12. Cleaning agent.
13. Abominable.
Awful.
14. Aborigines.
Aboriginal people.
15. Abridgment.
15. Summary.
16. Absinthe.
Absinthe.
17. Abstemious.
Moderate.
18. Abstrusely.
18. Obscurely.
19. Abysmal.
19. Terrible.
20. Acacia.
Acacia tree.
21. Academician.
Scholar.
22. Acanthus.
Acanthus.
23. Acarpous.
Unproductive.
24. Acaulous.
24. Acaulous.
25. Accede.
Agree.
26. Accelerate.
Speed up.
27. Accessible.
27. Easy to reach.
28. Accessory.
Accessory Item.
29. Accomplice.
Co-conspirator.
30. Accostable.
30. Approachable.
31. Accoutre.
Gear up.
32. Acephalous.
Leaderless.
33. Acerbity.
Bitterness.
34. Acescent.
Sour.
35. Acetify.
Make it acidic.
36. Acetometer.
Acetometer.
37. Ache.
Pain.
38. Achievable.
Doable.
39. Achromatic.
Colorless.
40. Acicular.
Needle-like.
41. Acolyte.
Assistant.
42. Acoustic.
Acoustic.
43. Acquiesce.
Go along with it.
44. Acquittal.
Not guilty.
45. Acreage.
45. Land area.
46. Acrobat.
Trapeze artist.
47. Acropolis.
Acropolis.
48. Acrostic.
48. Acrostic.
49. Actualize.
Make it happen.
50. Aculeate.
50. Stinging.
51. Baa.
Baaaa.
52. Bacchanal.
52. Party.
53. Backsheesh.
Tip.
54. Baconian.
Baconian.
55. Bagatelle.
Bagatelle.
56. Balk.
56. Hesitate.
57. Bandelet.
Bandelet.
58. Barbican.
Barbican.
59. Baryta.
Barium.
60. Barru.
60. Barru.
61. Basalt.
Basalt.
62. Basic.
Basic.
63. Basilica.
Basilica.
64. Basilisk.
64. Basilisk.
65. Bastile.
65. Bastille.
66. Baccae.
66. Bacchae.
67. Caboodle.
67. Everything.
68. Cacoethes.
68. Urge.
69. Cacophony.
Noise.
70. Cadaverous.
Pale.
71. Cadenza.
Solo passage.
72. Caducus.
72. Caduceus.
73. Caduceus.
Caduceus.
74. Caique.
Caique.
75. Caisson.
Caisson.
76. Cæcal.
76. Caecal.
77. Calaboose.
Jail.
78. Calciferous.
Calciferous.
79. Caffeine.
Coffee.
80. Calcined.
Calcined.
81. Caldarium.
81. Hot bath.
82. Caligo.
82. Caligo.
83. Calorimeter.
Calorimeter.
84. Caltha.
Caltha.
85. Calx.
85. Lime.
86. Catechu.
Catechu.
87. Cellular.
Mobile.
88. Chemosis.
88. Chemosis.
89. Chiastre.
Chiastre.
90. Chilblain.
Chilblain.
91. Chymification.
91. Digestion.
92. Cilium.
Cilium.
93. Clematis.
Clematis.
94. Cochineal.
Cochineal dye.
95. Codeia.
Codeia.
96. Contagious.
Contagious.
97. Coronoid.
97. Coronoid.
98. Dacryoma.
98. Tear cyst.
99. Dahline.
99. Darling.
100. Daphne.
100. Daphne.
101. Datura.
Datura.
102. Deciduous.
Deciduous.
103. Decollation.
Beheading.
104. Dactylology.
104. Sign language.
105. Dahlia.
Dahlia.
106. Decumbent.
Lying down.
107. Degmus.
107. Degmus.
108. Dawdle.
Delay.
109. Dengue.
Dengue fever.
110. Deltoid.
Deltoid muscle.
111. Debut.
Debut.
112. Decastyle.
112. Decastyle.
113. Deliquium.
113. Delirium.
114. Decennial.
Ten-year.
115. Dentatus.
115. Dentatus.
116. Dentagra.
116. Dentagra.
117. Demesne.
117. Domain.
118. Diaphysis.
118. Shaft.
119. Diastole.
Diastole.
120. Didym.
120. Didymus.
121. Desuetude.
Obsolescence.
122. Echinus.
Echinus.
123. Echinops.
Echinops.
124. Ecarte.
Ecarte.
125. Ebullition.
Bubbling up.
126. Eclat.
126. Brilliance.
127. Edacious.
Ravenous.
128. Eclysis.
128. Removal.
129. Ecphlysis.
Ecphysis.
130. Eider.
Eider duck.
131. Eke.
Eke out.
132. Effete.
Weak.
133. Elysian.
134. Heavenly.
134. Egophony.
Egophony.
135. Empiric.
135. Empirical.
136. Empyrean.
Heavenly.
137. Encaustic.
Encaustic painting.
138. Enceinte.
Pregnant.
139. Elaine.
Elaine.
140. Encore.
Encore!
141. Encyclical.
Papal letter.
142. Encysted.
Encapsulated.
143. Elephas.
143. Asian Elephant.
144. Enmity.
Hatred.
145. Ensconce.
Settle in.
146. Facet.
Aspect.
147. Facetious.
Joking.
148. Facial.
Face.
149. Factitious.
Fake.
150. Falderals.
150. Nonsense.
151. Falsetto.
Falsetto.
152. Fantasia.
152. Fantasy.
153. Fascicle.
Fascicle.
154. Fauces.
Throat.
155. Fauna.
Wildlife.
156. Febrile.
Feverish.
157. Felly.
157. Awesome.
158. Felloe.
Rim.
159. Fuzz.
159. Fuzzy.
160. Gala.
160. Event.
161. Gamboge.
Gamboge.
162. Gamut.
Range.
163. Ganoid.
Ganoid.
164. Gaol.
Jail.
165. Garrote.
165. Choke device.
166. Gawk.
Gawk.
167. Gelatine.
167. Gelatin.
168. Gelid.
Chilly.
169. Gemini.
Gemini.
170. Genial.
Friendly.
171. Geode.
Geode.
172. Geognosy.
172. Geology.
173. Geodesy.
Geodesy.
174. Georama.
Georama.
175. Hegira.
175. Migration.
176. Heifer.
Calf.
177. Helix.
177. Helix.
178. Helve.
178. Hammer.
179. Hernia.
Hernia.
180. Hexahedron.
180. Cube.
181. Hexastyle.
Hexastyle.
182. Hockle.
Hockle.
183. Hone.
183. Sharpen.
184. Hookah.
Hookah lounge.
185. Horologe.
185. Clock.
186. Icarian.
Icarian.
187. Ibis.
Ibis.
188. Ibex.
Ibex.
189. Ichor.
Ichor.
190. Ichneumon.
190. Ichneumon.
191. Ichthyolite.
Ichthyolite.
192. Ides
Ides
193. Idiom.
193. Idiom.
194. Idyl.
194. Daydream.
195. Ignescent.
195. Igniting.
196. Iguana.
Iguana.
197. Ileum.
197. Ileum.
198. Impede.
Hinder.
199. Impennate.
199. Impulsive.
200. Indocile.
200. Unruly.
201. Inebriate.
201. Drunk.
202. Insidious.
202. Sneaky.
203. Jabber.
Jabber.
204. Jacinth.
204. Jacinth.
205. Jackal.
Jackal.
206. Jaconet.
Jaconet.
207. Jalap.
Jalap.
208. Jaguar.
Jaguar.
209. Janitor.
Janitorial staff.
210. Jeer.
Mock.
211. Jejune.
Boring.
212. Jujube.
Jujube fruit.
213. Junket.
213. Trip.
214. Juno.
214. Juno.
215. Kale.
Kale.
216. Katydid.
Katydid.
217. Kistvaen.
Kistvaen.
218. Kyanize.
Kyanize.
219. Lac.
219. Lac.
220. Labyrinth.
Maze.
221. Lachrymal.
Tear duct.
222. Landwehr.
222. Landwehr.
223. Limbo.
223. Limbo.
224. Llama.
Llama.
225. Loo.
Restroom.
226. Mab.
226. Mab.
227. Macaw.
Macaw bird.
228. Machinate.
228. Scheme.
229. Madrigal.
229. Madrigal.
230. Magenta.
Magenta.
231. Monolith.
Monolith.
232. Nard.
Nard.
233. Naphtha.
Naphtha.
234. Nadir.
234. Low point.
235. Naiad.
235. Water Nymph.
236. Niggard.
Stingy.
237. Nympha.
Nymph.
238. Obesity.
238. Overweight.
239. Obloquy.
239. Bad reputation.
240. Obverse.
240. Front.
241. Occiput.
241. Back of the head.
242. Ochre.
242. Ochre.
243. Pabulum.
Nourishment.
244. Palanquin.
Palanquin.
245. Paletot.
245. Overcoat.
246. Replevin.
246. Replevin.
247. Resuscitate.
Revive.
248. Sabaoth.
Sabaoth.
249. Sacerdotal.
249. Priestly.
250. Sacrum.
250. Sacrum.
251. Sadducee.
Sadducee.
PROPER NOUNS TO SPELL.
1. Aaron.
Aaron.
2. Abdiel.
2. Abdiel.
3. Abiezer.
Abiezer.
4. Adolphus.
Adolphus.
5. Albion.
Albion.
6. Alexander.
6. Alexander.
7. Alonzo.
7. Alonzo.
8. Alpheus.
Alpheus.
9. Alvah.
Alvah.
10. Alwin.
10. Alwin.
11. Ammi.
11. Ammi.
12. Amos.
12. Amos.
13. Andronicus.
Andronicus.
14. Antony.
Antony.
15. Apollos.
Apollos.
16. Aristarchus.
16. Aristarchus.
17. Artemas.
17. Artemas.
18. Azariah.
Azariah.
19. Augustus.
Augustus.
20. Asher.
Asher.
21. Baldwin.
21. Baldwin.
22. Barnabas.
22. Barnabas.
23. Barnaby.
Barnaby.
24. Bartholomew.
Bartholomew.
25. Basil.
Basil.
26. Benedict.
26. Benedicт.
27. Benoni.
27. Benoni.
28. Barnard.
Barnard College.
29. Bertram.
Bertram.
30. Brian.
30. Brian.
31. Bruno.
Bruno.
32. Cæsar.
32. Caesar.
33. Caleb.
Caleb.
34. Calvin.
Calvin.
35. Cephas.
Cephas.
36. Clarence.
36. Clarence.
37. Claudius.
37. Claudius.
38. Clement.
Clem.
39. Cornelius.
Cornelius.
40. Crispus.
Crispus.
41. Cyril.
Cyril.
42. Cyrus.
Cyrus.
43. Daniel.
Daniel.
44. Darius.
Darius.
45. Demetrius.
Demetrius.
46. Denis.
Denis.
47. Dionysius.
Dionysus.
48. Donald.
Donald.
49. Duncan.
Duncan.
50. Ebenezer.
50. Ebenezer.
51. Edgar.
Edgar.
52. Edwin.
Edwin.
53. Elbert.
Elbert.
54. Eleazer.
54. Eleazar.
55. Elias.
Elias.
56. Elisha.
56. Elisha.
57. Ellis.
57. Ellis.
58. Elnathan.
Elnathan.
59. Eneas.
59. Aeneas.
60. Enoch.
60. Enoch.
61. Enoz.
Enoz.
62. Erasmus.
62. Erasmus.
63. Erie.
63. Erie.
64. Esau.
64. Esau.
65. Everard.
65. Everard.
66. Erwin.
Erwin.
67. Fernando.
67. Fernando.
68. Festus.
68. Festus.
69. Frederic.
69. Frederic.
70. Gamaliel.
70. Gamaliel.
71. Germanie.
Germany.
72. Gershon.
72. Gershon.
73. Godfrey.
Godfrey.
74. Gregory.
Gregory.
75. Guy.
Dude.
76. Hannibal.
76. Hannibal.
77. Heman.
Heman.
78. Hercules.
Hercules.
79. Herbert.
79. Herbert.
80. Hezekiah.
Hezekiah.
81. Hillel.
Hillel.
82. Homer.
Homer.
83. Hubert.
83. Hubert.
84. Hugo.
84. Hugo.
85. Immanuel.
Immanuel.
86. Ingram.
86. Ingram.
87. Ivan.
87. Ivan.
88. Jabez.
88. Jabez.
89. Jairus.
Jairus.
90. Japheth.
90. Japheth.
91. Jason.
Jason.
92. Jeremy.
92. Jeremy.
93. Jerome.
93. Jerome.
94. Jess.
Jess.
95. Joel.
95. Joel.
96. Jonah.
96. Jonah.
97. Josiah.
97. Josiah.
98. Jotham.
98. Jotham.
99. Judah.
99. Judah.
100. Julius.
100. Julius.
101. Justus.
Justus.
102. Justun.
Justun.
103. Jonathan.
Jonathan.
104. Kennett.
104. Kennett.
105. Marion.
Marion.
106. Philip.
106. Philip.
107. Philander.
107. Flirt.
WORDS TO SPELL AND DEFINE, ARRANGED PROMISCUOUSLY.
1. Sirup.
Syrup.
2. Skyey.
2. Skyey.
3. Proxy.
Proxy.
4. Piquant.
Spicy.
5. Pibroch.
Pibroch.
6. Monkery.
Monastic life.
7. Irascible.
7. Grumpy.
8. Conceit.
8. Vanity.
9. Controllable.
9. Manageable.
10. Coquet (Verb).
Flirt (Verb).
11. Coquette (Noun).
11. Flirt (Noun).
12. Cyclopedia.
12. Encyclopedia.
13. Fascine.
Fascine.
14. Steelyard.
Steelyard.
15. Precious.
15. Valuable.
16. Seize.
Seize it.
17. Beeves.
Beef.
18. Civilize.
18. Civilize.
19. Resuscitate.
Revive.
20. Heinous.
Evil.
21. Contemptible.
Despicable.
22. Transitory.
Temporary.
23. Conspiracy.
Conspiracy theory.
24. Feminine.
Feminine.
25. Petite.
Small.
26. Police.
Cops.
27. Valise.
27. Suitcase.
28. Verdigris.
28. Verdigris.
29. Routine.
29. Daily routine.
30. Douche.
30. Cleanse.
31. Whorl.
31. Spiral.
32. Truffle.
Truffle.
33. Debut.
33. First appearance.
34. Cæsura.
34. Caesura.
35. Connoisseur.
Expert.
36. Sumac.
Sumac.
37. Hymeneal.
Wedding.
38. Keelson.
Keelson.
39. Coterie.
Crew.
40. Recipe.
40. Recipe.
41. Sapphire.
Sapphire.
42. Cognac.
Cognac.
43. Restaurant.
Restaurant.
44. Homicide.
Murder.
45. Patricide.
Killing a father.
46. Fratricide.
Sibling murder.
47. Regicide.
King killing.
48. Suicide.
Suicide.
49. Matricide.
Mother's murder.
50. Infanticide.
Infanticide.
WORDS TO BE MARKED DIACRITICALLY.
1. Sice.
Sick.
2. Says.
2. Says.
3. Phthisic.
3. Tuberculosis.
4. Ennui.
4. Boredom.
5. Vignette.
Scene.
6. Cortege.
6. Procession.
7. Myrrh.
Myrrh.
8. Chamois.
Chamois leather.
9. Sergeant.
Sgt.
10. Boudoir.
10. Bedroom.
11. Hiccough.
Hiccup.
12. Bureau.
12. Office.
13. Again.
Once more.
14. Discern.
14. Notice.
15. Bijou.
15. Gem.
16. Flambeau.
Flame torch.
17. Said.
17. Stated.
18. Croquet.
Croquet.
19. Salon.
Salon.
20. Suave.
Smooth.
21. Shew.
Show.
22. Strew.
Scatter.
23. Bouffe.
23. Food.
24. Enough.
24. That's enough.
25. Suffice.
25. Enough.
26. Squirrel.
Squirrel.
27. Busy.
Swamped.
28. Cough.
Cough.
29. Buoy.
Float.
30. Many.
30. Lots.
31. Pretty.
Nice.
32. Canon.
Canon.
33. Chapeau.
33. Hat.
34. Menage.
Mixed group.
35. Once.
Once.
36. Cafe.
Coffee shop.
37. Colonel.
Colonel.
38. Cuirass.
Body armor.
39. Gunwale.
Gunwale.
40. Dahlia.
40. Dahlia.
41. Soiree.
Party.
42. Sapphire.
Sapphire.
43. Cognac.
Cognac.
44. Sacrifice.
44. Selflessness.
45. Escritoire.
Writing desk.
46. Barege.
Barege.
47. Soldier.
47. Service member.
48. Fortune.
Good luck.
49. Nephew.
Nephew.
50. Lettuce.
50. Lettuce.
51. Entree.
Main course.
52. Regime.
Government.
53. Physique.
Body.
54. Protege.
54. Protégé.
55. Sleuth.
Detective.
56. Blonde.
Blonde hair.
57. Coiffure.
57. Hairstyle.
58. Afghan.
Afghan
59. Glebe.
Glebe.
60. Chenille.
Chenille yarn.
61. Chasseur
Hunter
62. Gyves.
62. Shackles.
63. Guy.
Dude.
64. Banyan.
Banyan tree.
65. Lapel.
Lapel.
66. Kerchief.
Bandana.
67. Gnostic.
Gnostic.
68. Corymb.
Corymb.
69. Chevron.
Chevron.
70. Eleve.
70. Student.
71. Touch.
Touch.
72. Chintz.
Chintz fabric.
73. Meerschaum.
Meerschaum.
74. Buhr-stone.
74. Burr stone.
75. Camphene.
Camphene.
76. Cigar.
Cigar.
77. Deleble.
77. Delete.
78. Polyglot.
Multilingual.
79. Diamond.
79. Diamond.
80. Courier.
80. Delivery service.
81. Sorcery.
Magic.
82. Extirpate.
Remove.
83. Gaseous.
Gas.
84. Docible.
84. Docible.
85. Alias.
85. Username.
86. Potpourri.
Potpourri.
87. Soprano.
Soprano singer.
88. Apparel.
Clothing.
89. Palaver.
Chatter.
90. Anchovy.
90. Anchovy.
91. Hygiene.
Cleanliness.
92. Alchemy.
Alchemy.
93. Ascendant.
93. Rising.
94. Syzygy.
94. Syzygy.
95. Barbecue.
BBQ.
96. Proboscis.
Nose.
97. Carbine.
97. Carbine rifle.
98. Disown.
Disavow.
99. Forbade.
99. Banned.
100. Farewell.
100. Goodbye.
101. Resource.
101. Resource.
102. Extol.
102. Praise.
103. Diverge.
Diverge.
104. Contour.
104. Shape.
105. Bourgeois.
Bourgeois.
106. Disarm.
Disarm.
107. Whither.
Where to?
108. Water.
Water.
109. Larynx.
Larynx.
110. Soul.
Soul.
111. Crypt.
Crypt.
112. Fleche.
112. Arrow.
113. Weevil.
113. Weevil.
114. Lacquer.
114. Nail polish.
115. Phenix.
115. Phoenix.
116. Roguish.
Mischievous.
117. Wheyey.
117. Yay.
118. Sachel.
Sachel.
119. Rhymer.
119. Poet.
120. Psychic.
Intuitive.
121. Ptisan.
121. Herbal tea.
122. Calker.
Calker.
123. Depot.
123. Warehouse.
124. Catarrh.
Nasal congestion.
125. Condemn.
Condemn.
126. Bristle.
Bristle.
127. Wriggle.
Wiggle.
128. Christen.
128. Baptize.
129. Naphtha.
Naphtha.
130. Chalky.
Chalky.
131. Gherkin.
Pickle.
132. Fraught.
Tense.
133. Qualm.
133. Doubt.
134. Vault.
134. Safe.
135. Knob.
Knob.
136. Papaw.
Papaya.
137. Gauging.
135. Measuring.
138. Cologne.
Cologne.
139. Quadrille.
139. Square dance.
140. Skyish.
Sky-like.
141. Sorghum.
Sorghum.
142. Survey.
142. Poll.
143. Victuals.
Food.
144. Scissors.
Scissors.
145. Gnomon.
145. Gnomon.
146. Ghastly.
Awful.
147. Phlegm.
Phlegm.
148. Gnarl.
Gnarl.
149. Gnash.
149. Grind.
150. Tertian.
150. Tertian.
151. Phantom.
Ghost.
152. Livre.
152. Free.
153. Lyrist.
Songwriter.
154. Nuisance.
Annoyance.
155. Scheme.
Plan.
156. Chief.
Boss.
157. Siege.
Siege.
158. Keyed.
Keyed in.
159. Caucus.
Caucus.
160. College.
College.
161. Leather.
Leather.
162. Caught.
Caught.
163. Skein.
Skein.
164. Coerce.
Force.
165. Policy.
Policy.
166. Legacy.
Legacy.
167. Codicil.
167. Amendment.
168. Domicile.
Home.
169. Hypocrite.
Hypocrite.
170. Tortoise.
Turtle.
171. Mortise.
Mortise.
172. Porridge.
Oatmeal.
173. Eagle.
Eagle.
174. Greasy.
Greasy.
175. Pardon.
Sorry.
176. Poleax.
Poleaxe.
177. Deanery.
Dean's office.
178. Mechanics
178. Mechanics
179. Dialogue.
179. Conversation.
180. Inveigher.
180. Critic.
181. Solstitial.
Solstice.
182. Official.
Official.
183. Reprieve.
183. Stay of execution.
184. Barter.
Trade.
185. Succeed.
185. Achieve success.
186. Accede.
186. Agree.
187. Salmon.
Salmon.
188. Verger.
Verger.
189. Wooed.
189. Courted.
190. Sausage.
Sausage.
191. Pigeon.
Pigeon.
192. Chloral.
Chloral.
193. Balance.
Balance.
194. Silence.
Silence.
195. Fallible.
Fallible.
196. Prelacy.
196. Prelacy.
197. Foretell.
Predict.
198. Going.
198. Leaving.
199. Chyle.
Chyle.
200. Fascinate.
Fascinate.
201. Secrecy.
201. Privacy.
202. Vacillate.
202. Waver.
203. Paralyze.
Paralyzed.
204. Advertise.
Promote.
205. Ecstasy.
205. Excitement.
206. Exertion.
Effort.
207. Cynical.
Cynical.
208. Article.
208. Article.
209. City.
City.
210. Busily.
Busy.
211. Guttural.
Gritty.
212. Scholar.
Scholar.
213. Sibyl.
213. Oracle.
214. Abscess.
214. Abscess.
215. Guinea.
Guinea.
216. Voracity.
216. Hunger.
WORDS TO BE DEFINED.
| 1. | Acts. | 1. | Ax. |
| 2. | Poll. | 2. | Pole. |
| 3. | Roe. | 3. | Row. |
| 4. | Gate | 4. | Gait. |
| 5. | Main. | 5. | Mane. |
| 6. | Bough. | 6. | Bow. |
| 7. | Hue. | 7. | Hugh. |
| 8. | Bear. | 8. | Beech. |
| 9. | Dear. | 9. | Deer. |
| 10. | Wright. | 10. | Write. |
| 11. | Right. | 11. | Rite. |
| 12. | All. | 12. | Awl. |
| 13. | Bay. | 13. | Bey. |
| 14. | Ark. | 14. | Arch. |
| 15. | Colonel. | 15. | Kernel. |
| 16. | Ruff. | 16. | Rough. |
| 17. | Might. | 17. | Mite. |
| 18. | Rode. | 18. | Road. |
| 19. | Seen. | 19. | Scene. |
| 20. | Corps. | 20. | Core. |
| 21. | Mold. | 21. | Mould. |
| 22. | Great. | 22. | Grate. |
| 23. | Sun. | 23. | Son. |
| 24. | Break. | 24. | Brake. |
| 25. | Dough. | 25. | Doe. |
| 26. | Night. | 26. | Knight. |
| 27. | Sweet. | 27. | Suite. |
| 28. | Four. | 28. | Fore. |
| 29. | Bier. | 29. | Beer. |
| 30. | Beat. | 30. | Beet. |
| 31. | Currant. | 31. | Current. |
| 32. | Viol. | 32. | Vile. |
| 33. | Sent. | 33. | Scent. |
| 34. | Sear. | 34. | Seer. |
| 35. | Lane. | 35. | Lain. |
| 36. | Able. | 36. | Abel. |
| 37. | Knot. | 37. | Not. |
| 38. | Raise. | 38. | Raze. |
| 39. | Hoard. | 39. | Horde. |
| 40. | Lyre. | 40. | Liar. |
| 41. | Symbol. | 41. | Cymbal. |
| 42. | Hawk. | 42. | Hough. |
| 43. | Sine. | 43. | Sign. |
| 44. | Rain. | 44. | Rein. |
| 45. | Lo. | 45. | Low. |
| 46. | Hie. | 46. | High. |
| 47. | Assent. | 47. | Ascent. |
| 48. | Lute. | 48. | Loot. |
| 49. | Lore. | 49. | Lower. |
| 50. | Sell. | 50. | Cell. |
| 51. | Sail. | 51. | Sale. |
| 52. | Lode. | 52. | Load. |
| 53. | Loan. | 53. | Lone. |
| 54. | Fete. | 54. | Fate. |
| 55. | Lien. | 55. | Lean. |
| 56. | Layer. | 56. | Lair. |
| 57. | Hay. | 57. | Hey. |
| 58. | Idle. | 58. | Idyl. |
| 59. | Hart. | 59. | Heart. |
| 60. | Bass. | 60. | Base. |
| 61. | Bale. | 61. | Bail. |
| 62. | Heel. | 62. | Heal. |
| 63. | Sight. | 63. | Cite. |
| 64. | Haul. | 64. | Hall. |
| 65. | Hale. | 65. | Hail. |
| 66. | Lac. | 66. | Lack. |
| 67. | Nay. | 67. | Neigh. |
| 68. | Altar. | 68. | Alter. |
| 69. | Day. | 69. | Dey. |
| 70. | Hair. | 70. | Hare. |
| 71. | Lye. | 71. | Lie. |
| 72. | Council. | 72. | Counsel. |
| 73. | Mean. | 73. | Mien. |
| 74. | Ate. | 74. | Eight. |
| 75. | Aught. | 75. | Ought. |
| 76. | Wrack. | 76. | Rack. |
| 77. | Reek. | 77. | Wreak. |
| 78. | Wreck. | 78. | Reck. |
| 79. | Rime. | 79. | Rhyme. |
| 80. | Ring. | 80. | Wring. |
| 81. | Wrote. | 81. | Rote. |
| 82. | Rest. | 82. | Wrest. |
| 83. | Hole. | 83. | Whole. |
| 84. | Leek. | 84. | Leak. |
| 85. | Wave. | 85. | Waive. |
| 86. | Week. | 86. | Weak. |
| 87. | Fort. | 87. | Forte. |
| 88. | Soul. | 88. | Sole. |
| 89. | Strait. | 89. | Straight. |
| 90. | Seed. | 90. | Cede. |
| 91. | Seen. | 91. | Seine. |
| 92. | Seize. | 92. | Cease. |
| 93. | See. | 93. | Sea. |
| 94. | Cole. | 94. | Coal. |
| 95. | Bourne. | 95. | Born. |
| 96. | Bite. | 96. | Bight. |
| 97. | Floe. | 97. | Flow. |
| 98. | Bell. | 98. | Belle. |
SELECT READING.
1. The most skillful gauger I ever knew was a maligned cobbler, armed with a poniard, who drove a peddler's wagon, using a mullein stalk as an instrument of coercion to tyrannize over his pony shod with calks. He was a Galilean Sadducee, and he had a phthisicky catarrh, diphtheria, and the bilious intermittent erysipelas.
1. The most skilled measurer I ever met was a misunderstood shoemaker, who carried a dagger and drove a peddler's cart, using a mullein stalk to intimidate his pony outfitted with special shoes. He was a Galilean Sadducee, and he suffered from a chronic cough, diphtheria, and recurring skin infections.
2. A certain sibyl, with the sobriquet of "Gypsy," went into ecstasies of cachinnation at seeing him measure a bushel of peas and separate saccharine tomatoes from a heap of peeled potatoes, without dyeing or singeing the ignitible queue which he wore, or becoming paralyzed with hemorrhage.
2. A certain fortune-teller, nicknamed "Gypsy," burst into laughter seeing him measure a bushel of peas and sort out sweet tomatoes from a pile of peeled potatoes, all without dying or singeing his flammable hair, or becoming paralyzed from bleeding.
3. Lifting her eyes to the ceiling of the cupola of the capitol to conceal her unparalleled embarrassment, making him a rough courtesy, and not harrassing him with mystifying, rarefying, and stupefying innuendoes, she gave him a couch, a bouquet of lilies, mignonette, and fuchsias, a treatise on mnemonics, a copy of the Apocrypha in hieroglyphics, daguerreotypes of Mendelssohn and Kosciusko, a kaleidoscope, a dram-phial of ipecacuanha, a teaspoonful of naphtha for deleble purposes, a ferrule, a clarionet, some licorice, a surcingle, a carnelian of symmetrical proportions, a chronometer with a movable balance-wheel, a box of dominoes, and a catechism.
3. Lifting her eyes to the ceiling of the cupola of the capitol to hide her intense embarrassment, she gave him a rough bow and didn’t bother him with confusing, rarefied, and mind-numbing hints. Instead, she offered him a couch, a bouquet of lilies, mignonette, and fuchsias, a book on mnemonics, a copy of the Apocrypha in hieroglyphics, photos of Mendelssohn and Kosciusko, a kaleidoscope, a small bottle of ipecac, a teaspoon of naphtha for erasing purposes, a ferrule, a clarinet, some licorice, a surcingle, a perfectly shaped carnelian, a clock with a movable balance wheel, a set of dominoes, and a catechism.
4. The gauger, who was also a trafficking rectifier and a parishioner of mine, preferring a woolen surtout (his choice was referrible to a vacillating, occasionally occurring idiosyncrasy), wofully uttered this apothegm: "Life is checkered; but schism, apostasy, heresy and villainy shall be punished." The sibyl apologizingly answered: "There is a ratable and allegeable difference between a conferrable ellipsis and a trisyllabic diæresis." We replied in trochees, not impugning her suspicion.
4. The gauge guy, who also dealt with trafficking and was a member of my church, preferred a wool coat (his choice was linked to a shifting, sometimes present quirk), sadly said this saying: "Life is full of ups and downs; but division, betrayal, false beliefs, and evil will be punished." The oracle replied apologetically: "There is a measurable and reasonable difference between a assignable omission and a three-syllable separation." We responded in a rhythmic way, not challenging her doubts.
SELECT READING.
1. One enervating morning, just after the rise of the sun, a youth bearing the cognomen of Galileo glided into his gondola over the legendary waters of the lethean Thames. He was accompanied by his allies and coadjutors, the dolorous Pepys and the erudite Cholmondeley, the most combative aristocrat extant, and an epicurean who, for learned vagaries and revolting discrepancies of character, would take precedence of the most erudite of all Areopagite literati.
1. One exhausting morning, just after the sun came up, a young man named Galileo glided into his gondola over the famous waters of the forgetful Thames. He was joined by his friends and associates, the melancholic Pepys and the knowledgeable Cholmondeley, the most aggressive aristocrat around, and a person with such unusual interests and shocking character traits that he stood out even among the most educated of all Areopagite scholars.
2. These sacrilegious dramatis personæ were discussing in detail a suggestive and exhaustive address, delivered from the proscenium box of the Calisthenic Lyceum by a notable financier on obligatory hydropathy, as accessory to the irrevocable and irreparable doctrine of evolution, which had been vehemently panegyrized by a splenetic professor of acoustics, and simultaneously denounced by a complaisant opponent as an undemonstrated romance of the last decade, amenable to no reasoning, however allopathic, outside of its own lamentable environs.
2. These disrespectful characters were discussing in detail a provocative and comprehensive speech delivered from the front row of the Calisthenic Lyceum by a well-known financier about compulsory hydropathy as part of the undeniable and irreversible theory of evolution. This theory had been enthusiastically praised by an irritable professor of acoustics and simultaneously criticized by a sympathetic opponent as an unproven fantasy of the past decade, resistant to any logic, no matter how conventional, outside of its own troubling context.
3. These peremptory tripartite brethren arrived at Greenwich, wishing to aggrandize themselves by indulging in exemplary relaxation, indicatory of implacable detestation of integral tergiversation and exoteric intrigue. They fraternized with a phrenological harlequin who was a connoisseur in mezzotint and falconry. The piquant person was heaping contumely and scathing raillery on an amateur in jugular recitative, who held that the Pharaohs of Asia were conversant with his theory that morphine and quinine were exorcists of bronchitis.
3. These dominating three brothers arrived at Greenwich, wanting to boost their status by enjoying some serious relaxation, showing their intense dislike for any kind of deceit or outside scheming. They hung out with a quirky phrenologist who was an expert in mezzotint and falconry. This sharp-tongued individual was mocking an amateur who was passionately sharing his theories, claiming that the Pharaohs of Asia understood his idea that morphine and quinine could cure bronchitis.
4. Meanwhile, the leisurely Augustine of Cockburn drank from a tortoise-shell wassail cup to the health of an apotheosized recusant, who was his supererogatory patron, and an assistant recognizance in the immobile nomenclature of interstitial molecular phonics. The contents of the vase proving soporific, a stolid plebeian took from its cerements a heraldic violoncello, and, assisted by a plethoric diocesan from Pall Mall, who performed on a sonorous piano-forte, proceeded to wake the clangorous echoes of the Empyrean. They bade the prolyx Caucasian gentlemen not to misconstrue their inexorable demands, while they dined on acclimated anchovies and apricot truffles, and had for dessert a wiseacre's pharmacopoeia. Thus the truculent Pythagoreans had a novel repast fit for the gods.
4. Meanwhile, the laid-back Augustine of Cockburn sipped from a tortoise-shell cup to toast an honored recusant, who was his generous patron and a helpful supporter in the ever-static naming of molecular sounds. The contents of the cup proved drowsy, so a serious commoner pulled a heraldic cello from its wrapping, and with the help of an overstuffed bishop from Pall Mall, who played a resonant piano, they began to create loud echoes of the heavenly sphere. They urged the distinguished Caucasian gentlemen not to misinterpret their firm requests while they enjoyed seasoned anchovies and apricot truffles for dinner, followed by a wise guy's collection of remedies for dessert. Thus, the fierce Pythagoreans had a divine feast fit for the gods.
5. On the subsidence of the feast they alternated between soft languors and isolated scenes of squalor, which followed a [pg 95] mechanist's reconnaissance of the imagery of Uranus, the legend of whose incognito related to a poniard wound in the abdomen received while cutting a swath in the interests of telegraphy and posthumous photography. Meantime an unctuous orthoepist applied a homeopathic restorative to the retina of an objurgatory spaniel (named Daniel) and tried to perfect the construction of a behemoth which had got mired in pygmean slough, while listening to the elegiac soughing of the prehistoric wind.
5. After the feast wrapped up, they went back and forth between sleepy moments and scenes of dirt and neglect, following a [pg 95] mechanic's exploration of Uranus's imagery, tied to a story about a stab wound in the stomach he got while pushing the boundaries of telegraphy and posthumous photography. Meanwhile, a slick pronunciation expert was applying a homeopathic remedy to the eyes of a scolding spaniel (named Daniel) and trying to fix a giant creature that got stuck in a tiny swamp, all while listening to the mournful sounds of the ancient wind.
SELECT READING.
1. Geoffrey, surnamed Winthrop, sat in the depot at Chicago, waiting for his train and reading the Tribune, when a squadron of street Arabs (incomparable for squalor) thronged from a neighboring alley, uttering hideous cries, accompanied by inimitable gestures of heinous exultation, as they tortured a humble black-and-tan dog.
1. Geoffrey Winthrop sat in the Chicago depot, waiting for his train and reading the Tribune, when a group of street kids (notable for their filth) spilled out from a nearby alley, making awful noises and performing unique gestures of cruel excitement as they tormented a poor black-and-tan dog.
2. "You little blackguards!" cried Winthrop, stepping outside and confronting them, adding the inquiry, "Whose dog is that?"
2. "You little troublemakers!" shouted Winthrop, stepping outside to confront them and asking, "Whose dog is that?"
3. "That audacious Caucasian has the bravado to interfere with our clique," tauntingly shrieked the indisputable little ruffian, exhibiting combativeness.
3. "That bold white guy has the guts to mess with our group," taunted the undeniable little troublemaker, showing off his fighting spirit.
4. "What will you take for him?" asked the lenient Geoffrey, ignoring the venial tirade.
4. "What do you want for him?" asked the easygoing Geoffrey, ignoring the minor rant.
5. "Twenty-seven cents," piquantly answered the ribald urchin, grabbing the crouching dog by the nape.
5. "Twenty-seven cents," cheekily replied the naughty kid, grabbing the cowering dog by the back of its neck.
6. "You can buy licorice and share with the indecorous coadjutors of your condemnable cruelty," said Winthrop, paying the price and taking the dog from the child. Then catching up his valise and umbrella he hastened to his train. Winthrop satisfied himself that his sleek protege was not wounded, and then cleaned the cement from the pretty collar, and read these words; "Leicester. Licensed, No. 1880."
6. "You can buy licorice and share it with the rude helpers of your terrible cruelty," Winthrop said, paying the price and taking the dog from the child. Then, grabbing his bag and umbrella, he rushed to his train. Winthrop checked that his smooth little friend wasn’t hurt, then wiped the cement off the pretty collar and read the words: "Leicester. Licensed, No. 1880."
7. Hearing the pronunciation of his name, the docile canine expressed gratitude and pleasure, and then sank exhausted at his new patron's feet and slept.
7. Hearing the way his name was pronounced, the obedient dog showed his appreciation and joy, then collapsed, tired, at his new owner's feet and fell asleep.
8. Among the other passengers was a magazine contributor, writing vagaries of Indian literature, also two physicians, a somber, irrevocable, irrefragable allopathist, and a genial homeopathist, who made a specialty of bronchitis. Two peremptory attorneys from the Legislature of Iowa were discussing the politics of the epoch and the details of national finance, while a wan, dolorous person, wearing concave glasses, alternately ate troches and almonds for a sedative, and sought condolence in a high, lamentable treble from a lethargic and somewhat deaf and enervate comrade not yet acclimated.
8. Among the other passengers was a magazine writer, discussing the quirks of Indian literature, along with two doctors—a serious, unwavering, and indisputable allopath and a friendly homeopath who specialized in bronchitis. Two assertive lawyers from the Iowa Legislature were talking about the politics of the time and the ins and outs of national finance, while a pale, sorrowful individual wearing concave glasses alternated between eating lozenges and almonds for relief, seeking sympathy in a high, mournful voice from a sluggish and somewhat deaf companion who hadn’t fully adjusted yet.
9. Near three exemplary brethren (probably sinecurists) sat a group of humorous youths; and a jocose sailor (lately from Asia) in a blouse waist and tarpaulin hat was amusing his patriotic, juvenile listeners by relating a series of the most extraordinary legends extant, suggested by the contents of the knapsack which he was calmly and leisurely arranging in a pyramidal form on a three-legged stool. Above swung figured placards, with museum and lyceum advertisements, too verbose to be misconstrued.
9. Near three exemplary gentlemen (probably holding useless positions) sat a group of funny young people; and a joking sailor (recently returned from Asia) in a loose shirt and a rubber hat was entertaining his patriotic, young audience by telling a series of the most remarkable legends around, inspired by the contents of the backpack he was casually and slowly arranging in a pyramid shape on a three-legged stool. Above hung colorful posters, with advertisements for the museum and lyceum, too detailed to be misunderstood.
10. A mature matron of medium height, and her comely daughter, soon entered the car, and took seats in front of Winthrop (who recalled having seen them on Tuesday, in February, in the parquet of a theater). The young lady had recently made her debut into society at a musical soiree at her aunt's. She had an exquisite bouquet of flowers that exhaled sweet perfume. She said to her parent, "Mamma, shall we ever find my lost Leicester?"
10. A well-dressed woman of average height and her attractive daughter soon got into the car and sat in front of Winthrop (who remembered seeing them on Tuesday in February at the theater). The young lady had recently made her debut into society at a musical gathering at her aunt's house. She was holding a beautiful bouquet of flowers that smelled amazing. She asked her mom, "Mom, are we ever going to find my lost Leicester?"
11. Geoffrey immediately addressed her, saying, as he presented his card—
11. Geoffrey immediately spoke to her, saying, as he handed over his card—
"Pardon my apparent intrusiveness; but, prithee, have you lost a pet dog?"
"Pardon my seeming nosiness, but please, have you lost a pet dog?"
12. The explanation that he had been stolen was scarcely necessary, for Leicester, just awakening, vehemently expressed his inexplicable joy by buoyantly vibrating between the two like the sounding lever used in telegraphy (for to neither of them would he show partiality), till, succumbing to ennui, he purported to take a recess, and sat on his haunches, complaisantly contemplating his friends. It was truly an interesting picture.
12. The explanation that he had been stolen was barely needed, because Leicester, just waking up, excitedly showed his unexplainable joy by bouncing back and forth between the two like a telegraph lever (he wouldn’t show favoritism to either of them). Eventually, feeling bored, he decided to take a break and sat down on his haunches, happily watching his friends. It was really an interesting sight.
13. They reached their destination ere the sun was beneath the horizon. Often during the summer Winthrop gallantly rowed from the quay, with the naive and blithe Beatrice in her jaunty yachting suit, but no coquetry shone from the depths of her azure eyes. Little Less, their jocund confidante and courier (and who was as sagacious as a spaniel), always attended them on these occasions, and whene'er they rambled through the woodland paths. While the band played strains from Beethoven Mendelssohn, Bach and others, they promenaded the long corridors of the hotel. And one evening, as Beatrice lighted the gas by the etagere in her charming boudoir in their suite of rooms, there glistened brilliantly a valuable solitaire diamond on her finger.
13. They reached their destination before the sun set. Often during the summer, Winthrop would gallantly row from the dock, with the cheerful and carefree Beatrice in her stylish yachting outfit, but there was no flirtation in the depths of her blue eyes. Little Less, their cheerful confidant and messenger (who was as wise as a spaniel), always accompanied them on these outings and whenever they wandered through the forest paths. While the band played pieces by Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Bach, and others, they strolled through the long corridors of the hotel. One evening, as Beatrice turned on the gas by the display shelf in her lovely boudoir in their suite, a valuable solitaire diamond shone brilliantly on her finger.
14. Let us look into the future for the sequel to perfect this romance, and around a cheerful hearth we see again Geoffrey and Beatrice, who are paying due homage to their tiny friend Leicester.
14. Let’s look ahead to the sequel to perfect this romance, and around a cozy fireplace, we see Geoffrey and Beatrice again, paying their respects to their little friend Leicester.
SELECT READING.
1. A sacrilegious son of Belial, who suffered from bronchitis and diphtheria, and had taken much morphine and quinine, having exhausted his finances, in order to make good the deficit, resolved to ally himself to a complaisant, lenient, docile, young woman of the Caucasian race. Buying a calliope, a coral necklace, an illustrated magazine, and a falcon [pg 98] from Asia, he took a suite of rooms, whose acoustic properties were excellent, and engaged a Malay as his coadjutor.
1. A depraved son of Belial, who was dealing with bronchitis and diphtheria and had been using a lot of morphine and quinine, ran out of money. To cover his financial shortfall, he decided to team up with a compliant, easygoing young woman of Caucasian descent. He bought a calliope, a coral necklace, an illustrated magazine, and a falcon [pg 98] from Asia, rented a suite of rooms with great acoustics, and hired a Malay as his assistant.
2. Being of an epicurean disposition, he threw the culinary department of his hotel into confusion by ordering for his dinner vermicelli soup, a bologna sausage, anchovies, calf's brains fried, and half a gooseberry pie. For the resulting dyspepsia he took acetic and tartaric acid, according to allopathy, and when his aunt, a fair matron of six decades, called, he was tyrannic and combative, and laughed like a brigand until she was obliged to succumb to his contumacy.
2. Being a fan of good food, he caused chaos in his hotel's kitchen by ordering for dinner vermicelli soup, a bologna sausage, anchovies, fried calf's brains, and half a gooseberry pie. For the resulting stomach issues, he took acetic and tartaric acid, following mainstream medical advice. When his aunt, a respectable woman in her sixties, visited, he was domineering and argumentative, laughing like a bandit until she had no choice but to give in to his stubbornness.
3. Etiquette being thus annihilated, he became amenable to tenderer passions. He sent a letter, inviting his inamorata to a matinee, together with an eighteen-carat gold ring. She revolted at the idea of accompanying him, and sent a note full of piquant raillery, which led her suitor to procure a carbine and a sword, with some apparatus, and to declare that he would not forge hymeneal chains upon any one.
3. With etiquette gone, he became open to stronger feelings. He sent a letter inviting his love interest to a matinee, along with an eighteen-carat gold ring. She was appalled by the idea of going with him and replied with a note full of witty teasing, which prompted her suitor to get a carbine and a sword, along with some gear, and to declare that he wouldn’t force anyone into marriage.
4. So proceeding to an isolated spot, without comrades, he severed his jugular vein, and discharged the carbine into his abdomen. When inquiry was made, he was found dead, and the coroner sat on the debris and did his exact duty, though it was no couch of eider he occupied.
4. Moving to a secluded area, alone, he cut his jugular vein and shot himself in the stomach with a carbine. When people looked for him, he was found dead, and the coroner examined the scene and did his job properly, even though he wasn't sitting on a comfortable couch.
5. Had the misguided youth read Ovid less often, and given precedence to Hemans and Ingelow, his fate might have been different. True, he might have hung on a greasy gallows like a highwayman, in squalor, and been the sport of canines for aye; while now, disarmed by death, he lies in a splendid mausoleum, far from the wharves and haunts of men, and can't accent his antepenults, and afford the greatest discrepancies extant in pronunciation.
5. If the misguided youth had read Ovid less frequently and focused more on Hemans and Ingelow, his fate might have turned out differently. Sure, he could have ended up swinging from a grimy gallows like a robber, living in filth, and been nothing more than a plaything for dogs forever; but now, disarmed by death, he rests in a grand mausoleum, far away from the docks and busy places, unable to emphasize his syllables correctly and bearing the most notable differences in pronunciation.
SELECT READING—THE BLACKBOARD AND CHALK.
1. Learned sages may reason, the fluent may talk,
1. Wise individuals might think deeply, the articulate can speak,
But they ne'er can compute what we owe to the chalk.
But they can never calculate what we owe to the chalk.
From the embryo mind of the infant of four,
From the developing mind of the four-year-old,
To the graduate, wise in collegiate lore;
To the graduate, knowledgeable in college knowledge;
From the old district school-house to Harvard's proud hall,
From the old district schoolhouse to Harvard's proud hall,
The chalk rules with absolute sway over all.
The chalk rules have complete control over everything.
2. Go, enter the school-room of primary grade,
2. Go, enter the primary grade classroom,
And see how conspicuous the blackboard is made.
And look how obvious the blackboard is.
The teacher makes letters and calls them by name,
The teacher creates letters and names them,
And says to the children, "Now all do the same;"
And says to the kids, "Now everyone do the same;"
Mere infants you see, scarcely able to walk,
Mere infants, you see, barely able to walk,
But none are too feeble to handle the chalk.
But none are too weak to handle the chalk.
3. We visit the school of much higher pretension,
3. We go to the school with much higher pretension,
The blackboard here claims undivided attention;
The blackboard here demands full attention;
The walls, dark as Erebus, first greet the eye,
The walls, as dark as night, first catch the eye,
Before them bright misses and lads we espy;
Before them, we see bright young women and men;
And the sound of the crayon's irregular tappings
And the sound of the crayon's uneven tapping
Reminds us of spirits' mysterious rappings.
Reminds us of the mysterious tapping of spirits.
4. One has pictured a vessel, with streamers unfurled,
4. Someone has imagined a ship, with flags flying,
Another is making a map of the world;
Another is creating a map of the world;
A third has a problem in fractions to solve,
A third has a problem with fractions to solve,
A fourth is explaining how planets revolve;
A fourth is explaining how planets orbit;
While a young physiologist, skilled in the art,
While a young physiologist, good at the craft,
Is sketching the muscles, the lungs, and the heart.
Is sketching the muscles, the lungs, and the heart.
5. In the midst of this bustle the school-master stands,
5. In the middle of all this chaos, the schoolmaster stands,
And, lo! he's a crayon in each of his hands;
And look! he's holding a crayon in each hand;
And the chalk in his hand has a magical power:
And the chalk in his hand has a magical ability:
A teacher might reason and talk by the hour,
A teacher might think and talk for hours,
But naught would avail all his reason and talk—
But nothing would help with all his reasoning and discussions—
The truth is made plain by the use of the chalk.
The truth is revealed through the use of chalk.
6. And the teacher of music the blackboard employs,
6. And the music teacher uses the blackboard,
The chalk must be used e'en in training the voice;
The chalk must be used even in training the voice;
Be it rhythm or melody, accent or force,
Be it rhythm or melody, accent or strength,
He always insists on the regular course;
He always insists on the usual course;
Declaring the secret of musical skill
Declaring the secret of musical talent
Is found in the blackboard, the chalk, and the drill.
Is found in the blackboard, the chalk, and the drill.
7. See the chalk in the hand of the artist. Behold
7. Look at the chalk in the artist's hand. Observe
What beauteous forms as by magic unfold!
What beautiful forms unfold as if by magic!
The store-house of Nature he swiftly displays,
The storehouse of Nature he quickly shows,
Till the dazzled beholder is lost in the maze;
Till the amazed onlooker is lost in the maze;
Designs without number appear to the view,
Designs without limit come into view,
And show what the chalk and the blackboard can do.
And demonstrate what the chalk and the blackboard are capable of.
8. O wise PESTALOZZI! we place on thy brow
8. Oh wise PESTALOZZI! We place on your brow
A coronet, bright and unfading; for thou
A bright and enduring crown; for
A legacy rich hast bequeathed unto men:
A rich legacy has been passed down to humanity:
Our one feeble talent by thee is made ten;
Our one weak skill is turned into ten by you;
We prize thy rare gift, but we never may know
We value your unique talent, but we may never know
How much to thy matchless invention we owe.
How much we owe to your unmatched invention.
9. O chalk! What a powerful monarch thou art!
9. Oh chalk! What a powerful ruler you are!
In this age of reform how important thy part;
In this time of change, how important your role;
Those minds that are swaying the world unrestrained
Those minds that are shaping the world freely
In childhood and youth in thy empire were trained.
In childhood and youth, you were trained in your empire.
Of the wonderful power of the press we may talk—
Of the amazing power of the press we can talk—
It never can vie with the blackboard and chalk.
It can never compare to the blackboard and chalk.
10. An engine so powerful, so mighty to aid,
10. An engine that's incredibly powerful, so strong to help,
So simple in structure, so readily made,
So simple in design, so easy to create,
A helper so potent in training the young—
A helper so powerful in guiding the young—
'Tis meet that thy praise by the muse should be sung;
'It's fitting that your praise should be sung by the muse;
For though sages may reason, and orators talk,
For even though wise people may think, and speakers talk,
They can ne'er make their mark without blackboard and chalk.
They can never make their mark without a blackboard and chalk.
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THE POCKET GEM PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY,
BY LILLA M. TENNEY.
IN PREPARATION,
THE WORK OF YEARS OF STUDY AND RESEARCH.
A SPELLING AND PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY, RATHER THAN A DEFINING ONE.
ITS OBJECT.
While not underrating the primary importance of definition and philology in a work of reference, it is believed—nay, more than that—it is known that there is a positive demand for a book showing the correct pronunciation and spelling of every prominent word in the language, which book should be in a convenient portable form for the pocket, the writing-case, or the reading-table. This is the first time that any serious attempt has been made to satisfy this call.
While not downplaying the crucial importance of definitions and language study in a reference work, it is believed—actually, it is known—that there is a strong demand for a book that provides the correct pronunciation and spelling of every key word in the language. This book should be compact and portable enough to fit in a pocket, a writing case, or on a reading table. This is the first time anyone has seriously tried to meet this need.
ITS TRUSTWORTHINESS.
In this respect, recognizing that what was wished for was not originality, but confidence in the accuracy of the book; the labor, while almost endless, has been strictly confined to critical comparisons of authorities and the proper adjustment of differences of opinion.
In this regard, it’s important to understand that what was desired was not originality, but confidence in the book's accuracy; the work, while nearly endless, has been carefully limited to critical comparisons of sources and the appropriate resolution of differing opinions.
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PUBLISHING DAY.
It will be published about August 1st, 1888. The great amount of labor involved in its preparation, as compared with its small size, requires this delay.
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THE "OXFORD" S.S. TEACHERS' BIBLES
Has been carefully Revised and Enlarged, from time to time, by Dr. STUBBS, Bishop of Chester; Dr. EDWIN PALMER, Archdeacon of Oxford; Dr. ANGUS, and other eminent Scholars. The Scientific Information was prepared under the supervision of Professors ROLLESTON, WESTWOOD, LAWSON, and EARLE—names of the highest authority in their several Departments.
Has been carefully revised and expanded over time by Dr. Stubbs, Bishop of Chester; Dr. Edwin Palmer, Archdeacon of Oxford; Dr. Angus, and other distinguished scholars. The scientific information was compiled under the guidance of Professors Rolleston, Westwood, Lawson, and Earle—names recognized as top authorities in their respective fields.
There are six editions printed on the best rag-made printing paper, and five editions on the justly celebrated "Oxford" India paper, which are extremely thin and light.
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PHONOGRAPHY.
A BRIEF AND LEGIBLE SYSTEM OF SHORTHAND.
Those unacquainted with Phonography can not readily appreciate the ease with which it may be mastered, and the delight incidental to the unfolding of its principles. "Fascinating" is the word used in describing it by every one who has studied the art. The text-books have been so arranged and simplified that Self-instruction is a positive pleasure and recreation and has been successfully accomplished in thousands of instances.
Those who aren't familiar with Phonography can't easily understand how easy it is to learn and the joy that comes from discovering its principles. "Fascinating" is the term everyone who has studied the art uses to describe it. The textbooks have been organized and simplified so well that self-teaching is a genuine pleasure and pastime, and it's been successfully done by thousands of people.
TEACHERS should learn Phonography, not only that they may be possessed of the enormous advantage of being able to write five times as fast as by the ordinary method, but that they may be able to teach the art. Phonography is rapidly finding its way into the Public Schools, and the demand for teachers of the regular branches who can also teach Phonography is now far in advance of the supply.
TEACHERS should learn Phonography, not only so they can write five times faster than with the usual method, but also so they can teach it effectively. Phonography is quickly becoming common in Public Schools, and the need for teachers in traditional subjects who can also teach Phonography is currently far ahead of the supply.
THE MANUAL OF PHONOGRAPHY. [200th Thousand.] By BENN PITMAN and JEROME B. HOWARD. This work is designed for self-instruction in the phonographic art and is the proper book for the beginner. It contains a complete exposition of the system, from its simplest principles to the Reporting Style, arranged in alternate and opposite pages of explanation and phonographic exercises. Every principle is copiously illustrated with engraved examples for reading, and exercises in the ordinary type for writing practice. A large number of pages of engraved reading matter are included in the book. Boards, 80c.; Extra cloth, $1.00.
THE MANUAL OF PHONOGRAPHY. [200th Thousand.] By BENN PITMAN and JEROME B. HOWARD. This book is intended for self-teaching in the art of phonography and is the ideal resource for beginners. It offers a comprehensive explanation of the system, covering everything from the most basic principles to the Reporting Style, organized with alternating pages of explanations and phonographic exercises. Each principle is thoroughly illustrated with engraved examples for reading, along with writing practice exercises in standard type. The book includes a substantial number of pages of engraved reading material. Boards, 80c.; Extra cloth, $1.00.
For sale by all booksellers, or sent post-paid by us on receipt of price. Complete catalog of other aids to the study of Phonography, free.
For sale by all bookstores, or shipped to you postage paid upon receipt of payment. Complete catalog of other resources for studying Phonography available for free.
THE PHONOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE. Edited by JEROME B. HOWARD. A twenty-four page monthly, each number of which contains eight pages (5¾ x 8½ in.) of finely engraved Phonography, mostly in the brief Reporting Style, besides original and contributed articles of general phonographic interest. The MAGAZINE is a periodical complement to the series of text-books, and is the authentic organ of the Benn Pitman System of Phonography. Subscriptions may begin with any number. Specimen copy free. Price, per annum—invariably in advance—$1.50.
THE PHONOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE. Edited by JEROME B. HOWARD. A monthly publication with twenty-four pages, each issue includes eight pages (5¾ x 8½ in.) of precisely engraved Phonography, primarily featuring the brief Reporting Style, along with original and contributed articles of general interest in phonography. The MAGAZINE serves as a periodic companion to the series of textbooks and is the official publication of the Benn Pitman System of Phonography. Subscriptions can start with any issue. Get a free sample copy. Price: $1.50 per year, payable in advance.
WHITING Paper Company, of Holyoke, Massachusetts, are now putting up the Fashionable Line of "Whiting's Standard" Writing Papers, in neat boxes, with Envelopes. The most perfect production of the Paper-Maker's art. Cream and Azure, Rough and Smooth Finish, all sizes. For sale by all Fine Stationers.
WHITING Paper Company, located in Holyoke, Massachusetts, is now offering the fashionable "Whiting's Standard" writing papers, available in stylish boxes with envelopes. It's the best example of the paper-making craft. Available in cream and azure colors, with both rough and smooth finishes, in all sizes. You can find them at quality stationers everywhere.
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