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Transcriber's Notes

Linenotes and Footnotes moved as close as possible to their applicable entry to facilitate readability.
Linenotes indicated by smaller text
Links from each numbered Triad entry (both Irish and English go to the Glosses and Notes Section.
Unlinked numbers in the main section indicate entries for which there are no corresponding entries in Glosses and Notes
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ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY

TODD LECTURE SERIES

VOLUME XIII.

KUNO MEYER, PhD.

THE TRIADS OF IRELAND

DUBLIN
HODGES, FIGGIS, & CO., Ltd.
LONDON: WILLIAMS & NORGATE
1906

DUBLIN
HODGES, FIGGIS, & CO., Ltd..
LONDON: WILLIAMS & NORGATE
1906

[Pg ii]

Printed by Ponsonby & Gibbs, Dublin University Press

[Pg iii]

	PAGE
Introduction,	v-xv
Text and Translation	1-35
Glosses and Notes,	36-43
Index of Places,	45-46
Index of Names,	46
Glossary,	47-54

[Pg iv]

[Pg v]

PREFACE

The collection of Irish Triads, which is here edited and translated for the first time, has come down to us in the following nine manuscripts, dating from the fourteenth to the nineteenth century:—

The collection of Irish Triads, which is now edited and translated for the first time, has reached us in the following nine manuscripts, dating from the fourteenth to the nineteenth century:—

L, i.e. the Yellow Book of Lecan, a vellum of the end of the fourteenth century, pp. 414b—418a, a complete copy.

L, i.e. the Yellow Book of Lecan, a vellum from the late fourteenth century, pp. 414b—418a, a complete copy.

B, i.e. the Book of Ballymote, a vellum of the end of the fourteenth century, pp. 65b-66b (ends imperfectly).

B, i.e. the Book of Ballymote, a vellum from the late fourteenth century, pp. 65b-66b (ends imperfectly).

M, i.e. the Book of Húi Maine, a vellum of the fourteenth century, fo. 190a[1]-fo. 191a[2]. A complete copy beginning: 'Ceand Erenn Ardmacha,' and ending: 'tri hurgairt bidh a caitheam díescaidheadh (sic) a chaitheam iarna coir a caitheam gan altughudh.' Then follow proverbial sayings from the 'colloquy of Cormac and Cairpre,' such as: 'Dedhe ara ndligh gach maith domelar ithe ⁊ altugud. Anas deach gacha fleidhe a cainaltughudh ⁊ a mochdingbail. Caidhe deach samtha. Ni hansa. Gal gan forran. Deasgaidh codulta frislige,' &c., ending: 'deasgaidh aineolais imreasain. Ni d'agallaim Cormaic ⁊ Cairpre coruici sin.'

M, i.e. the Book of Húi Maine, a 14th-century manuscript, folio 190a[1]-folio 191a[2]. It’s a complete copy that starts with: 'Ceand Erenn Ardmacha,' and ends with: 'tri hurgairt bidh a caitheam díescaidheadh (sic) a chaitheam iarna coir a chaitheam gan altughudh.' Following that are proverbial sayings from the 'colloquy of Cormac and Cairpre,' like: 'Dedhe ara ndligh gach maith domelar ithe ⁊ altugud. Anas deach gach fleidhe a cainaltughudh ⁊ a mochdingbail. Caidhe dech samtha. Ni hansa. Gal gan forran. Deasgaidh codulta frislige,' &c., concluding with: 'deasgaidh aineolais imreasain. Ni d'agallaim Cormaic ⁊ Cairpre coruici sin.'

Lec, i.e. the Book of Lecan, a vellum of the fifteenth century. The leaves on which the Triads are found are now bound up with the codex H. 2. 17 belonging to Trinity College. It is a complete copy beginning on p. 183b: 'Ceand erenn Ardmacha,' and ending on p. 184b: 'ceitheora aipgitri baisi baig connailbi gell imreasain.'[1] N, i.e. 23. N. 10, a paper ms. written in the year 1575,[2] pp. 98-101. A complete copy, the gap between pp. 100 and 106 being made up by pp. 7a-10b of the vellum portion of the manuscript.

Lec, i.e. the Book of Lecan, a 15th-century vellum. The pages containing the Triads are now bound with the codex H. 2. 17 at Trinity College. It’s a complete copy starting on p. 183b: 'Ceand erenn Ardmacha,' and ending on p. 184b: 'ceitheora aipgitri baisi baig connailbi gell imreasain.'[1] N, i.e. 23. N. 10, a paper Ms. written in 1575,[2] pp. 98-101. It’s a complete copy, with the content between pp. 100 and 106 filled in by pp. 7a-10b of the vellum section of the manuscript.

[1] By an oversight I have referred to this ms. sometimes by Lec and sometimes by H. In some cases both Lec and H will be found quoted in the variants. The same ms. is always meant.

[1] Due to an oversight, I have referred to this Ms. occasionally as Lec and at times as H. In some instances, both Lec and H will appear in the variants. It always refers to the same Ms.

[2] As appears from the following colophon on p. 101: 'Oraoit uaim ar do lebor a hOedh in cédluan iar n-aurtach Johannes. Baile Tibhaird ar bla maige mo mendad scribne hi farrad Se(a)ain hi Maoilconari. Mese (Dubthach) do scrib in ball soin da derpiris ⁊ rlæ. Anno domini 1575. Guroiuh maith agat.

[2] As noted in the following colophon on p. 101: 'You ask for your book under the title after the year of Johannes. In Tipperary, at the time of my writing in the year of our Lord 1575. May it be of good use to you.'

[Pg vi]

Hʹ, i.e. H. 1. 15, pp. 946-957. This is a paper manuscript written by Tadhg Tiorthach O Neachtain in 1745. It is a complete copy, with copious glosses in Modern Irish, the more important of which are printed below on pp. 36-43. At the end O Neachtain has added the following:—'Trí subhailce diadha: creidhemh, dothchus agus grádh. Trí a n-aon: athair, mac, spiorad naomh, da raibh gloir, mola[dh] ⁊ umhlacht tre bith sior tug ré don bhochtan bocht so. Aniu an 15 do bhealltuine 1745. Tadhg O Nechtuin mac Seain a n-aois ceithre bliadhna déag et trí fithchit roscriob na trithibh ṡuas.'

Hʹ, i.e. H. 1. 15, pp. 946-957. This is a handwritten paper by Tadhg Tiorthach O Neachtain from 1745. It’s a complete copy, with extensive notes in Modern Irish, with the most significant ones printed below on pp. 36-43. At the end, O Neachtain added the following:—'Three sacred submissions: faith, commitment, and love. Three as one: father, son, holy spirit, to whom be glory, praise, and humility forever, to this poor soul. Today, on the 15th of February 1745. Tadhg O Nechtuin, son of Seain, at the age of fourteen and three-fifths of a month above.'

These manuscripts have, on the whole, an identical text, though they all occasionally omit a triad or two; and the order of the single triads varies in all of them. They have all been used in constructing a critical text, the most important variants being given in the foot-notes. The order followed is in the main that of the Yellow Book of Lecan.

These manuscripts generally have the same text, although they sometimes skip one or two triads, and the sequence of the individual triads differs among them. They've all been utilized to create a critical text, with the key variations noted in the footnotes. The order mainly follows that of the Yellow Book of Lecan.

There are at least three other manuscripts containing copies of the Triads. One of them I discovered in the Stowe collection after the text had been printed off. It is a paper quarto now marked 23. N. 27, containing on fo. 1a-7b a copy of the Triads, followed on fo. 7b-19a by a glossed copy of the Tecosca Cormaic. It was written in 1714 by Domnall (or Daniel) O Duind mac Eimuinn. Its readings agree closely with those of N. In § 237, it alone, of all manuscripts, gives an intelligible reading of a corrupt passage. For cia fochertar im-muir, cia berthair hi tech fo glass dodeime a tiprait oca mbí,[Pg vii] it reads: cia focearta im-muir, cia beirthear hi tech fo glass no do theine, dogeibther occan tiprait, 'though it be thrown into the sea, though it be put into a house under lock, or into fire, it will be found at the well.' In § 121 for cerdai it reads cerd; in § 139 it has rotioc and rotocht; in § 143 for grúss its reading is grís; in §153 it has aibeuloit for eplet; in § 217 tar a n-éisi for dia n-éisi; in § 218 lomradh(twice) for lobra and indlighidh for i n-indligud; in § 219 it has the correct reading éiric, and for dithechte it reads ditheacht; in § 220 it reads fri aroile for fria céile; in § 223 after ile it adds imchiana; in § 224 it reads grís brond .i. galar; in § 229 for meraichne it has mearaigheacht; in § 235 it has mhamus for mám; in § 236 Maig Hi for Maig Lii; and for co ndeirgenai in dam de it reads co nderna in dam fria.

There are at least three other manuscripts that include copies of the Triads. I found one of them in the Stowe collection after the text had already been printed. It is a paper quarto now labeled 23. N. 27, featuring on folio 1a-7b a copy of the Triads, followed on folio 7b-19a by a glossed version of the Tecosca Cormaic. It was written in 1714 by Domnall (or Daniel) O Duind mac Eimuinn. Its readings closely match those of N. In § 237, it is the only one among all manuscripts to provide a clear reading of a corrupted passage. For cia fochertar im-muir, cia berthair hi tech fo glass dodeime a tiprait oca mbí,[Pg vii] it reads: cia focearta im-muir, cia beirthear hi tech fo glass no do theine, dogeibther occan tiprait, 'even if it is thrown into the sea, even if it is placed in a locked house, or into fire, it will be found at the well.' In § 121 it reads cerd instead of cerdai; in § 139 it has rotioc and rotocht; in § 143 it reads grís for grúss; in § 153 it has aibeuloit for eplet; in § 217 it reads tar a n-éisi instead of dia n-éisi; in § 218 it has lomradh (twice) for lobra and indlighidh for i n-indligud; in § 219 it gives the correct reading éiric, and it reads ditheacht for dithechte; in § 220 it provides fri aroile as a substitute for fria céile; in § 223 after ile it adds imchiana; in § 224 it reads grís brond .i. galar; in § 229 for meraichne it has mearaigheacht; in § 235 it reads mhamus instead of mám; in § 236 it has Maig Hi for Maig Lii; and for co ndeirgenai in dam de it reads co nderna in dam fria.

Another copy, written in 1836 by Peter O'Longan, formerly in the possession of the Earls of Crawford, now belongs to the Rylands Library, Manchester, where it was found by Professor Strachan, who kindly copied a page or two for me. It is evidently a very corrupt copy which I have not thought worth the trouble of collating.

Another copy, written in 1836 by Peter O'Longan, which was previously owned by the Earls of Crawford, now belongs to the Rylands Library in Manchester. Professor Strachan found it there and graciously made a copy of a page or two for me. It's clearly a very flawed copy that I haven't felt was worth the effort to compare.

Lastly, there is in the Advocates' Library a copy in a vellum manuscript marked Kilbride III. It begins on fo. 9b² as follows:—'Treching breath annso. Ceann Eirind Ardmacha.' I hope to collate it before long, and give some account of it in the next number of this series.

Lastly, there’s a copy in the Advocates' Library that’s a vellum manuscript marked Kilbride III. It starts on fo. 9b² like this:—'Treching breath annso. Ceann Eirind Ardmacha.' I plan to compare it soon and provide some details about it in the next issue of this series.

In all these manuscripts the Triads either follow upon, or precede, or are incorporated in the collections of maxims and proverbial sayings known as Tecosca Cormaic, Auraicept Morainn, and Senbríathra Fíthil, the whole forming a body of early Irish gnomic literature which deserves editing in its entirety. It is clear, however, that the Triads do not originally belong to any of these texts. They had a separate origin, and form a collection by themselves. This is also shown by the fact that the Book of Leinster, the oldest manuscript containing the [Pg viii]Tecosca Cormaic (pp. 343a-345b), the Senbríathra Fíthail (pp. 345b-346a), and the Bríathra Moraind (pp. 346a-b), does not include them.

In all these manuscripts, the Triads either come before, after, or are included in collections of maxims and proverbs known as Tecosca Cormaic, Auraicept Morainn, and Senbríathra Fíthil, collectively making up an early body of Irish wisdom literature that deserves a complete edit. However, it’s clear that the Triads don’t originally belong to any of these texts. They have a different origin and create a collection on their own. This is also demonstrated by the fact that the Book of Leinster, the oldest manuscript containing the [Pg viii]Tecosca Cormaic (pp. 343a-345b), the Senbríathra Fíthail (pp. 345b-346a), and the Bríathra Moraind (pp. 346a-b), does not include them.

It is but a small portion of the large number of triads scattered throughout early Irish literature that has been brought together in our collection under the title of Trecheng breth Féne, i.e., literally 'a triadic arrangement of the sayings of Irishmen.' I first drew attention to the existence of Irish triads in a note on Irish proverbs in my addition of the Battle of Ventry, p. 85, where a few will be found quoted. A complete collection of them would fill a small volume, especially if it were to include those still current among the people of Ireland, both among Gaelic and English speakers. I must content myself here with giving a few specimens taken at random from my own collections:—

It’s just a small part of the vast number of triads found throughout early Irish literature that we've gathered in our collection titled Trecheng breth Féne, which translates to 'a triadic arrangement of the sayings of Irishmen.' I first pointed out the presence of Irish triads in a note on Irish proverbs in my edition of the Battle of Ventry, p. 85, where you can find a few quotes. A complete collection would be enough to fill a small book, especially if it included those still in use among the people of Ireland, both Gaelic and English speakers. Here, I’ll just share a few random examples from my own collections:—

Three kinds of martyrdom that are counted as a cross to man, i.e. white martyrdom, green martyrdom, and red martyrdom.—The Cambray Homily (Thesaurus Palæohibernicus, II., p. 246).

Three types of martyrdom that are considered a burden for people: i.e. white martyrdom, green martyrdom, and red martyrdom. — The Cambray Homily (Thesaurus Palæohibernicus, II., p. 246).

Three enemies of the soul: the world, the devil, and an impious teacher.—Colman maccu Beognae's Alphabet of Piety (Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie, III., p. 452).

Three enemies of the soul: the world, the devil, and a corrupt teacher.—Colman maccu Beognae's Alphabet of Piety (Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie, III., p. 452).

Three things whereby the devil shows himself in man: by his face, by his gait, by his speech.—Ib., p. 453.

Three things that reveal the devil in a person: by their appearance, by their walk, by their words.—Ib., p. 453.

Three profitable labours in the day: praying, working, reading.—Regula Choluimb Cille (Zeitschr., III., p. 29).

Three profitable activities during the day: praying, working, reading. —Regula Choluimb Cille (Zeitschr., III., p. 29).

Three laymen of Ireland who became monks: Beccan son of Cula, Mochu son of Lonan, and Enda of Arann.—Notes on the Félire of Oengus (Henry Bradshaw Society, vol. xxix., p. 112).

Three ordinary men from Ireland who became monks: Beccan, son of Cula, Mochu, son of Lonan, and Enda from Arann.—Notes on the Félire of Oengus (Henry Bradshaw Society, vol. xxix., p. 112).

Three chief artisans of Ireland: Tassach with Patrick, Conlaed with Brigit, and Daig with Ciaran.—Ib., p. 186.

Three main craftsmen of Ireland: Tassach with Patrick, Conlaed with Brigit, and Daig with Ciaran.—Ib., p. 186.

Three poets of the world: Homer of the Greeks, Vergil of the Latins, Ruman of the Gaels.—Book of Leinster, p. 354b.

Three poets of the world: Homer from the Greeks, Vergil from the Latins, Ruman from the Gaels.—Book of Leinster, p. 354b.

The three worst counsels that have been acted on in Ireland through the advice of saints: the cutting short of Ciaran's[Pg ix] life, the banishment of Colum Cille, the expulsion of Mochuta from Rathen.—Notes on the Félire of Oengus, p. 204, and Tripartite Life, p. 557.[3]

The three worst pieces of advice that have been followed in Ireland based on the guidance of saints: the shortening of Ciaran's[Pg ix] life, the exile of Colum Cille, the removal of Mochuta from Rathen.—Notes on the Félire of Oengus, p. 204, and Tripartite Life, p. 557.[3]

[3] Where for 'wrong stories' read 'wrong counsels' (sanasa sáeba). This triad is thus versified in the Brussels ms. 5100:—

[3] Where 'wrong stories' means 'wrong advice' (sanasa sáeba). This trio is therefore expressed in the Brussels Ms. 5100:—

Teora saoba sanasa Leithe Cuind roc[h]aras-[s]a:
Mochuda cona clamhra[i]d d'ionnarba a Rathain roghlain,
cur Coluim Cille tar sal, timdibhe saeghail Ciaráin.

Three things there are for which the Son of living God is not grateful: haughty piety, harsh reproof, reviling a person if it is not certain.[4]

Three things the Son of the living God is not thankful for: arrogant holiness, severe criticism, and insulting someone when it's not clear. [4]

[4] LB., p. 225 marg. inf., and Brussels ms. 5100, fo. 86a:

[4] LB., p. 225 marg. inf., and Brussels Ms. 5100, fo. 86a:

Fuil trí ní (a trí Br.) doná (danach Br.) buidech mac Dé bí:
crábud úallach, coisced (coiccsed Br.) serb, écnach duine mad inderb.

Three things there are for which the King of the sun is grateful: union of brethren, upright conversation, serving at the altar of God.[5]

Three things that the King of the sun is thankful for: unity among brothers, honest dialogue, and serving at God's altar.[5]

[5] Edinburgh ms. xl, p. 28, and Brussels ms. 5100, fo. 86a:

[5] Edinburgh Ms. xl, p. 28, and Brussels Ms. 5100, fo. 86a:

Fuil tréide dianab buidech rí gréine:
óenta bráthar, comrád (fodail Ed.) cert, altóir Dé do thimthirecht.

Woe to the three folk in horrid hell of great blasts: folk who practise poetry, folk who violate their orders, mercenaries.[6]

Woe to the three people in the dreadful hell of loud blasts: people who write poetry, people who break their promises, and mercenaries.[6]

[6] LB., p. 236, marg. inf.:

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ LB., p. 236, marg. inf.:

Mairg na trí lucht a n-iffirn úathmar anside:
óes dogní dán, óes choilles grád, óes amsaine.

Three things there are which do not behove the poor of living God: ingratitude for his life whatever it be, grumbling, and flattery.[7]

Three things are not fitting for the poor of the living God: ingratitude for His life, whatever it may be, complaining, and flattery.[7]

[7] LB., p. 238, marg. inf.:

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ LB., p. 238, marg. inf.:

Fuil trí ní ná dlegair do bocht Dé bí:
dimmda da bethaid cipé, cesacht ocus aibéle.

The following modern triads I owe to a communication from Dr. P.W. Joyce, who heard them in his youth among the people of Limerick:—

The modern triads below were shared with me by Dr. P.W. Joyce, who heard them in his youth from the locals in Limerick:—

Three things to be distrusted: a cow's horn, a dog's tooth, and a horse's hoof.

Three things to be cautious of: a cow's horn, a dog's tooth, and a horse's hoof.

Three disagreeable things at home: a scolding wife, a squalling child, and a smoky chimney.

Three annoying things at home: a nagging wife, a crying baby, and a smoky chimney.

The three finest sights in the world: a field of ripe wheat, a ship in full sail, and the wife of a Mac Donnell with child.[8]

The three greatest sights in the world: a field of golden wheat, a ship with its sails fully raised, and the pregnant wife of a Mac Donnell.[8]

[8] This triad comes from the Glynns of Antrim, the Mac Donnells' district.[Pg x]

[8] This group is from the Glynns of Antrim, the area of the Mac Donnells.[Pg x]

In our collection an arrangement of the Triads in certain groups, according to their contents, is discernible. Thus, the first sixty-one—of which, however, the opening thirty-one are no Triads at all—are all topographical; and among the rest, those dealing with legal matters stand out clearly (§§ 149-172).

In our collection, you can see an arrangement of the Triads into specific groups based on their content. The first sixty-one—though the first thirty-one aren’t actually Triads—are all focused on geography; among the others, those related to legal issues are clearly distinguished (§§ 149-172).

When the collection was made we have no means of ascertaining, except from internal evidence, such as the age of the language, and a few allusions to events, the date of which we can approximately fix.

When the collection was made, we have no way of knowing for sure, except for internal evidence like the age of the language and a few references to events that we can roughly date.

The language of the Triads may be described as late Old-Irish. Their verbal system indeed is on the whole that of the Continental glosses,[9] and would forbid us to put them later than the year 900. On the other hand, the following peculiarities in declension, in which all the manuscripts agree, make it impossible for us to put them much earlier than the second half of the ninth century.

The language of the Triads can be considered late Old Irish. Their verb system is generally similar to that of the Continental glosses,[9] and would prevent us from dating them later than the year 900. However, the following unique features in declension, which are consistent across all the manuscripts, make it difficult to date them much earlier than the second half of the ninth century.

[9] I may mention particularly the relative forms téite 167, bíte 127, ata 75, 76, 224, &c., berta (O. Ir. berte) 109, 110, fíchte (145), coillte (166), téite (167), aragellat (sic leg. with N) 171; the deponent neimthigedar 116, &c.; ató, 'I am' (104), and the use of the perfective ad- in conaittig 77, 78.

[9] I want to specifically mention the related forms téite 167, bíte 127, ata 75, 76, 224, &c., berta (O. Ir. berte) 109, 110, fíchte (145), coillte (166), téite (167), aragellat (sic leg. with N) 171; the deponent neimthigedar 116, &c.; ató, 'I am' (104), and the use of the perfective ad- in conaittig 77, 78.

The genitive singular of i- and u-stems no longer shows the ending -o, which has been replaced throughout by -a.[10] Now, in the Annals of Ulster, which are a sure guide in these matters and allow us to follow the development of the language from century to century, this genitive in -o is found for the last time in a.d. 816 (rátho, Ailello). Thence onward the ending -a is always found.

The genitive singular of i- and u- stems no longer has the ending -o, which has now been replaced by -a.[10] In the Annals of Ulster, which provide a reliable reference for these issues and let us track the language's evolution over the centuries, this genitive ending in -o appears for the last time in AD 816 (rátho, Ailello). After that, the ending -a is consistently used.

[10] rátha 56, foglada 92, flatha 151, 248, 253; dara 4, 34; Ela 31, 35, 44 (cf. Lainne Ela, AU. 816); átha 50, betha 82, 83, 249.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ rátha __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__, foglada __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_2__, flatha __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_3__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_4__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_5__; dara __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_6__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_7__; Ela __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_8__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_9__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_10__ (cf. Lainne Ela, AU. 816); átha __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_11__, betha __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_12__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_13__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_14__.

The place-name Lusca, 'Lusk,' is originally an n-stem making its genitive Luscan. This is the regular form in the Annals of Ulster till the year 880, from which date onward it is always Lusca (a.d. 916, 928, &c.). In our text (§ 46) all the manuscripts read Lusca.[Pg xi]

The place name Lusca, 'Lusk,' originally comes from an n-stem, with its genitive form being Luscan. This is the standard form in the Annals of Ulster up until the year 880; after that, it is consistently referred to as Lusca (A.D. 916, 928, etc.). In our text (§ 46), all the manuscripts read Lusca.[Pg xi]

In slender io-stems the dative singular in Old-Irish ends in -iu. I find this form in the Annals of Ulster for the last time in a.d. 816 (Gertidiu). Thence onward it is always -i, as in our text (hi Cúailgni 43, d'uisci 64).

In slender io-stems, the dative singular in Old Irish ends in -iu. I see this form mentioned in the Annals of Ulster for the last time in A.D. 816 (Gertidiu). From that point on, it is always -i, as in our text (hi Cúailgni 43, d'uisci 64).

The nasal stem léimm makes its nom. plur. léimmen in Old-Irish. In § 32 we find instead (tair-)leme. So also foimrimm makes its nom. plural foimrimme in § 163.

The nasal stem léimm forms its nominative plural as léimmen in Old Irish. In § 32, we instead see (tair-)leme. Similarly, foimrimm forms its nominative plural as foimrimme in § 163.

The word dorus is neuter in Old-Irish, making its nom. acc. plural either dorus or doirsea. In our text (§§ 173, 174) the word is masculine, and makes its nom. plural doruis.

The word dorus is neutral in Old Irish, so its nominative and accusative plural can be either dorus or doirsea. In our text (§§ 173, 174), the word is masculine and its nominative plural is doruis.

Druimm is an i-stem in Old-Irish, but in the later language passes into an n-stem. In § 51 we find the nom. pl. drommanna.

Druimm is an i-stem in Old Irish, but in the later language, it changes to an n-stem. In § 51, we find the nominative plural drommanna.

The neuter grád in § 166 makes its nom. plur. grúda for O. Ir. grád.[11]

The neuter grád in § 166 makes its nominative plural grúda for Old Irish grád.[11]

[11] The infinitive bith for O. Ir. buith (91), the dative cinn for O. Ir. ciunn (98, 135), the nom. pl. sligthi for O. Ir. sligid (which I have restored in § 49), the confusion between do and di (e.g. 83), and other details are probably due to the Middle-and Modern-Irish transcribers.

[11] The infinitive bith from Old Irish buith (91), the dative cinn from Old Irish ciunn (98, 135), the nominative plural sligthi from Old Irish sligid (which I have restored in § 49), the mix-up between do and di (e.g. 83), and other details are likely due to the transcribers from the Middle and Modern Irish periods.

On linguistic grounds, then, I should say that our collection was made some time during the second half of the ninth century. That it cannot be dated earlier is also apparent from another consideration. Professor Zimmer has taught us to search in every ancient Irish text for indications of its having been composed either before or after the Viking period. I find no words from the Norse language in the Triads, or, if there are any, they have escaped me; but there are two distinct references to the Viking age. In § 232, a Viking in his hauberk (Gall ina lúirig) is mentioned as one of three that are hardest to talk to; and, in § 44, Bangor in Co. Down is called unlucky or unfortunate, no doubt, as the gloss says, because of the repeated plunderings and destruction of its monastery by the Norse during the early part of the ninth century (a.d. 823, 824).[Pg xii]

On linguistic grounds, I would say our collection was created sometime in the second half of the ninth century. It’s clear it can’t be dated earlier for another reason as well. Professor Zimmer has taught us to look for clues in every ancient Irish text about whether it was written before or after the Viking period. I don’t see any words from the Norse language in the Triads, or if there are, I’ve missed them; however, there are two clear references to the Viking age. In § 232, a Viking in his chainmail (Gall ina lúirig) is mentioned as one of three who are the hardest to talk to; and, in § 44, Bangor in Co. Down is referred to as unlucky or unfortunate, undoubtedly, as the gloss states, because of the repeated raids and destruction of its monastery by the Norse during the early part of the ninth century (A.D. 823, 824).[Pg xii]

In endeavouring to trace the origin of the Triad as a form of literary composition among the Irish, one must remember that it is but one of several similar enumerative sayings common in Irish literature. Thus the collection here printed contains three duads (124. 133. 134), seven tetrads (223. 230. 234. 244. 248. 251. 252), and one heptad (235). A whole Irish law-book is composed in the form of heptads;[12] while triads, tetrads, &c., occur in every part of the Laws.[13] Such schematic arrangements were of course a great aid to memory.

In trying to trace the origin of the Triad as a type of literary composition among the Irish, it's important to note that it's just one of several similar lists commonly found in Irish literature. The collection here includes three duads (124. 133. 134), seven tetrads (223. 230. 234. 244. 248. 251. 252), and one heptad (235). A complete Irish law book is written in the form of heptads;[12] while triads, tetrads, etc., appear throughout the Laws.[13] These structured formats were definitely a big help for memory.

[12] See Ancient Laws of Ireland, vol, v., pp. 118-373.

[12] See Ancient Laws of Ireland, vol. v, pp. 118-373.

[13] Thus in the first volume of the Laws we find duads on p. 228, 15; 294, 27; triads on p. 50, 9. 27; 230, 4; 264, 20; 288, 28; tetrads 40, 21; 54, 7; 64, 1; 240, 24; 256, 4, &c.; 272, 25; 274, 3, &c.; pentads 30, 21; 50, 32; 90, 29; 102, 6; hexads 68, 11; 248, 7: a heptad 134, 9; an ennead 16, 20.

[13] So in the first volume of the Laws, we can find duads on p. 228, 15; 294, 27; triads on p. 50, 9. 27; 230, 4; 264, 20; 288, 28; tetrads 40, 21; 54, 7; 64, 1; 240, 24; 256, 4, etc.; 272, 25; 274, 3, etc.; pentads 30, 21; 50, 32; 90, 29; 102, 6; hexads 68, 11; 248, 7; a heptad 134, 9; an ennead 16, 20.

If the Triad stood alone, the idea that it owes its origin to the effect of the doctrine of the Trinity upon the Celtic imagination might reasonably be entertained. The fact that this doctrine has led to many peculiar phenomena in Irish folklore, literature, and art has frequently been pointed out. Nor would I deny that the sacred character of the number three, together with the greater facility of composition, may have contributed to the popularity of the Triad, which is certainly the most common among the various numerical sayings as well as the only one that has survived to the present day.

If the Triad existed on its own, one might reasonably consider that it originated from the influence of the Trinity doctrine on Celtic imagination. It's often noted that this doctrine has resulted in numerous unique phenomena in Irish folklore, literature, and art. I wouldn't argue that the sacred nature of the number three, along with the ease of using it, might have played a role in the popularity of the Triad, which is definitely the most prevalent among the various numerical expressions and the only one that has lasted into modern times.

However that may be, I believe that the model upon which the Irish triads, tetrads, pentads, &c., were formed is to be sought in those enumerative sayings—Zahlensprüche, as the German technical term is—of Hebrew poetry to be found in several books of the Old Testament. I am indebted to my friend the Rev. Carl Grüneisen for the following list of such sayings, which I quote in the Vulgate version.[Pg xiii]

However that may be, I believe that the model for the Irish triads, tetrads, pentads, etc., is found in those counting sayings—Zahlensprüche, as the German term puts it—of Hebrew poetry in several books of the Old Testament. I owe my friend, Rev. Carl Grüneisen, thanks for the following list of such sayings, which I quote from the Vulgate version.[Pg xiii]

Duads and Triads.

Ecclus. 23: 21, Duo genera abundant in peccatis, et tertium adducit iram et perditionem, &c.

Ecclus. 23: 21, Two kinds are full of sins, and a third brings anger and destruction, etc.

Ib. 26: 25, In duobus contristatum est cor meum, et in tertio iracundia mihi advenit: 26 vir bellator deficiens per inopiam, et vir sensatus contemptus, 27 et qui transgreditur a iustitia ad peccatum, Deus paravit eum ad romphaeam.

Ib. 26: 25, My heart is troubled in two ways, and in a third my anger has come: 26 a warrior is weakened by want, and a wise man is held in contempt, 27 and whoever strays from righteousness to sin, God has prepared him for the sword.

Ib. 26: 28, Duae species difficiles et periculosae mihi apparuerunt: difficile exuitur negotians a neglegentia, et non iustificabitur caupo a peccatis labiorum.

Ib. 26: 28, Two types seem tough and dangerous to me: it's hard for a trader to shed negligence, and a bartender won't be justified for the sins of their lips.

Triads and Tetrads.

Proverb. 30: 15, Tria sunt insaturabilia, et quartum quod nunquam dicit: sufficit. 16 Inferuns, et os vulvae, et terra quae non satiatur aqua; ignis vero nunquam dicit: sufficit.

Proverb. 30: 15, There are three things that are never satisfied, and the fourth one never says: enough. 16 The grave, and the barren womb, and the land that is never satisfied with water; and fire never says: enough.

Ib. 30: 18, Tria sunt difficilia mihi, et quartum penitus ignoro: 19 viam aquilae in caelo, viam colubri super petram, viam navis in medio mari, et viam viri in adolescentia.

Ib. 30: 18, There are three things that are difficult for me, and a fourth I completely don't understand: 19 the way of an eagle in the sky, the way of a snake on a rock, the way of a ship in the middle of the sea, and the way of a man in his youth.

Ib. 30: 21, Per tria movetur terra, et quartum non potest sustinere: 22 per servum cum regnaverit: per stultum cum saturatus fuerit cibo, 23 per odiosam mulierem cum in matrimonio fuerit assumpta, et per ancillam cum fuerit heres dominae suae.

Ib. 30: 21, The earth moves three times, and cannot handle a fourth: 22 for a servant when he reigns; for a fool when he is full of food; 23 for a hated woman when she is taken in marriage, and for a maidservant when she becomes her mistress's heir.

Ib. 30: 29, Tria sunt quae bene gradiuntur, et quartum quod incedit feliciter: 30 leo fortissimus bestiarum, ad nullius pavebit occursum, 31 gallus succinctus lumbos, et aries, nec est rex qui resistat ei.

Ib. 30: 29, There are three things that move forward well, and a fourth that advances successfully: 30 the lion, strongest of beasts, will not fear any encounter, 31 the rooster with its loins girded, and the ram, and there is no king who can stand against him.

Ecclus. 26: 5, A tribus timuit cor meum, et in quarto facies mea metuit: 6 delaturam civitatis, et collectionem populi, 7 calumniam mendacem, super montem, omnia gravia, 8 dolor cordis et luctus mulier zelotypa.[Pg xiv]

Ecclus. 26: 5, My heart trembled at three things, and the fourth made my face turn pale: 6 the slander of a city, and the gathering of a crowd, 7 a false accusation, on the mountain, all heavy, 8 the pain of the heart and the grief of a jealous woman.[Pg xiv]

A Tetrad.

Proverb. 30, 24: Quattuor sunt minima terrae, et ipsa sunt sapientiora sapientibus: 25 formicae, populus infirmus qui praeparat in messe cibum sibi, 26 lepusculus, plebs invalida qui collocat in petra cubile suum.

Proverb. 30, 24: There are four small creatures on earth, and they are wiser than the wise: 25 ants, a weak people that prepares its food in the summer, 26 hyraxes, a feeble folk that makes its home in the rocks.

A Hexad and Heptad.

A Hexad and a Heptad.

Proverb. 6. 16 Sex sunt quae odit Dominus, et septimum detestatur anima eius: 17 oculos sublimes, linguam mendacem, manus effundentes innoxium sanguinem, 18 cor machinans cogitationes pessimas, pedes veloces ad currendum in malum, 19 proferentem mendacia testem fallacem, et eum qui seminat intra fratres discordias.

Proverb. 6. 16 There are six things the Lord hates, and the seventh is an abomination to Him: 17 haughty eyes, a lying tongue, hands that shed innocent blood, 18 a heart that devises wicked schemes, feet that are quick to run to evil, 19 a false witness who breathes out lies, and one who sows discord among brothers.

An Ennead.

Ecclus. 25, 9: Novem insuspicabilia cordis magnificavi, et decimum dicam in lingua hominibus, &c.

Ecclus. 25, 9: I have praised nine things that are beyond suspicion in my heart, and the tenth I will speak of to people, etc.

The question arises whether these biblical sayings were the direct source from which the Irish imitations are derived, or whether the Irish became acquainted with the numerical Proverb through the medium of Greek and Latin literature. As the Irish clerics ever since the days of St. Patrick were diligent students of the Bible, there would be nothing strange in the former assumption. But there exists at least one early document which renders the latter equally possible. Under the title of Proverbia Grecorum we possess a collection of sayings translated by some Irish scholar in Ireland from the Greek into Latin before the seventh century.[14] Among them we find three triads,[15] two pentads,[16] three heptads,[17] and two octads.[18]

The question comes up whether these biblical sayings were the direct source for the Irish versions, or if the Irish learned about the numerical proverb through Greek and Latin literature. Since Irish clerics have been studying the Bible diligently from the time of St. Patrick, the first idea isn’t surprising. However, there’s at least one early document that makes the second possibility also likely. Under the title of Proverbia Grecorum, we have a collection of sayings that was translated by some Irish scholar in Ireland from Greek to Latin before the seventh century.[14] Among them, we find three triads,[15] two pentads,[16] three heptads,[17] and two octads.[18]

[14] This is the opinion of S. Hellmann, their latest editor. See his Sedulius Scottus, p. 135, in Traube's Quellen und Untersuchungen zur lateinischen Philologie des Mittelalters, vol. i.: München, 1906.

[14] This is the view of S. Hellmann, their most recent editor. Check out his Sedulius Scottus, p. 135, in Traube's Quellen und Untersuchungen zur lateinischen Philologie des Mittelalters, vol. i.: Munich, 1906.

[15] A. 39, 41. B. 5.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ A. 39, 41. B. 5.

[16] A. 52.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ A. 52.

[17] A. 54. B. 3, 7.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ A. 54. B. 3, 7.

[18] B. 1, 2.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ B. 1, 2.

[Pg xv]

As examples I select the following two triads:—

As examples, I choose the following two groups:—

Tres bacheriosi(?) sunt: terribilis bellator armatus promptusque ad praelium, leo de spelunca quando praedam devorat, aper ferus de silva quando furore in aliquem irruit.

Tres bacheriosi(?) sunt: terribilis bellator armatus promptusque ad praelium, leo de spelunca quando praedam devorat, aper ferus de silva quando furore in aliquem irrit.

Tres sunt imperfecti qui numquam ad perfectionem vitae disciplinae pervenire possunt; tunc enim a vitiis recedunt, quando mala facere non possunt. Antiquus nauta qui multis annis seductis onmibus emere et vendere poterat; senex auriga qui in curribus et in equis Deo derelicto vana cura atque conversatione meditatur atque utitur; vetula ancilla quae dominae suae subdole in omnibus rebus quae cottidiano ministerio perficiuntur male retribuit.

There are three types of imperfect people who can never reach the perfection of life through discipline; they move away from their vices only when they can't commit wrongdoing. An old sailor who, after many years, could buy and sell anything; an elderly charioteer who, having forsaken God, reflects on trivial matters and actions; and an old servant who deceitfully repays her mistress poorly in all the daily tasks she performs.

Triads occur sporadically in the literature of most other nations, and have occasionally been collected. But I am not aware that this kind of composition has ever attained the same popularity elsewhere as in Wales and Ireland, where the manufacture of triads seems at times almost to have become a sport.

Triads appear occasionally in the literature of many other countries and have sometimes been gathered together. However, I’m not aware of this type of composition ever becoming as popular anywhere else as it has in Wales and Ireland, where creating triads seems to have almost turned into a pastime.

The wittiest triads are undoubtedly those in which the third item contains an anticlimax. Two perfect examples of this kind were composed by Heine when he tells the foreigner visiting Germany that he need but know three words of the language: Brot, Kuss, Ehre; and in his often quoted witticism: Der Franzose liebt die Freiheit wie seine Braut, der Engländer wie seine Frau, der Deutsche wie seine alte Grossmutter.

The cleverest three-part phrases are definitely the ones where the last item creates a letdown. Two great examples of this come from Heine when he tells a foreigner visiting Germany that they only need to know three words of the language: Bread, Kiss, Honor; and in his well-known joke: The French man loves freedom like his girlfriend, the English man like his wife, the German like his old grandmother.

K.M.

[Pg 1]

[Pg 2]

THE TRIADS OF IRELAND

TRECHENG BRETH FÉNI INSO SÍS[1]

1. Cenn Hérenn Ardmacha.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Cenn Hérenn Ardmacha.

om. BMHNLec

2. Ordan Hérenn Clúain Maic Nóis.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Ordan Hérenn Cluain Mac Nois.

3. Ana Hérenn Clúain Iraird.

4. Cride Hérenn Cell Dara.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Cride Hérenn Cell Dara.

5. Sruithe Hérenn Bendchor.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Sruithe Hérenn Bendchor.

6. Cóemna Hérenn Lusca.

7. Áinius Hérenn Cenannus.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Ainius Herennius Cenannus.

8. Dí ṡúil Hérenn Tamlachta ⁊ Findglais.

8. The Eye of Ireland: Tamlacht and Findglais.

dá súil L Finnglaisi N Findglais Lec

the eye of Finnglaisi N Findglais Lec

9. Tech commairce Hérenn Tech Cairnig for sligid Assail.

9. Tech commerce Hérenn Tech Cairnig for sligid Assail.

om. L

10. Idna Hérenn Inis Cathaig.

11. Reclés Hérenn Glenn Dá Locha.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Recles Herenn Glenn Da Locha.

12. Féinechas Hérenn Clúain Húama.

13. Tech Foichle Hérenn Fernæ.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Tech Heren Fernæ.

14. Litánacht Hérenn Less Mór.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Irish Litanies of Less More.

15. Senchas Hérenn Imblech Ibair.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Senchas Hérenn Imblech Ibair.

16. Bérla Féine Hérenn Corcach.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Bérla Féine Hérenn Cork.

17. Légend Hérenn Ross Ailithre.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Legend Hérenn Ross Ailithre.

Ailaicre B Elichre M

18. Téite Hérenn Tír Dá Glas.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Tír Dá Glas.

téde N teide BM

19. Anmchairde Hérenn Clúain Ferta Brénainn.

19. Dear friends of Clonfert in Ireland.

ancairde BLec Brenainde N

20. Escaine Hérenn Lothra.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Escaine Hérenn Lothra.

hescoemna L

21. Brethemnas Hérenn Sláine.

22. Dúire chrábaid Hérenn Fobur Féichín.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Dúire chrábaid Hérenn Fobur Féichín.

dire BM Féichín om. BM Fabair Feithin N

23. Áibne Hérenn Ard mBreccáin.

24. Diúite Hérenn Ross Commáin.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Diúite Hérenn Ross Commáin.

diuidus BM diuitecht L

25. Fáilte Hérenn Ráith mBoth nó Druimm Lethan.

25. Welcome to Hérenn Ráith mBoth or Druimm Lethan.

26. Deṡerc Hérenn Dún Dá Lethglas.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Dares Heren Dun Da Lethglas.

desearc L deeirc B deirc M

search L direct B direct M

[Pg 3]

THE TRIADS OF IRELAND

1. The Head of Ireland—Armagh.

The Head of Ireland—Armagh.

2. The Dignity of Ireland—Clonmacnois.

The Dignity of Ireland — Clonmacnois.

3. The Wealth of Ireland—Clonard.

4. The Heart of Ireland—Kildare.

The Heart of Ireland—Kildare.

5. The Seniority of Ireland—Bangor.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ The Seniority of Ireland—Bangor.

6. The Comfort [19] of Ireland—Lusk.

The Comfort of Ireland—Lusk.

[19] Or, perhaps, 'good cheer.'

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Or, maybe, 'good vibes.'

7. The Sport of Ireland—Kells.

The Sport of Ireland—Kells.

8. The Two Eyes of Ireland—Tallaght and Finglas.

9. The Sanctuary of Ireland—the House of Cairnech upon the Road of Asal.[20]

9. The Sanctuary of Ireland—the House of Cairnech on the Road of Asal.[20]

[20] A road running from Tara westward into Westmeath.

[20] A road that goes from Tara heading west into Westmeath.

10. The Purity of Ireland—Scattery Island.

11. The Abbey-church of Ireland—Glendalough.

The Abbey Church of Ireland—Glendalough.

12. The Jurisprudence of Ireland—Cloyne.

12. Irish Jurisprudence—Cloyne.

13. The House of Wages [21] of Ireland—Ferns.

The Wages House of Ireland—Ferns.

[21] Or 'hire.'

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Or 'job.'

14. The Singing the Litany of Ireland—Lismore.

14. The Singing of the Litany of Ireland—Lismore.

15. The Lore of Ireland—Emly.

The Lore of Ireland—Emly.

16. The Legal Speech of Ireland—Cork.

The Legal Speech of Ireland—Cork.

17. The Learning of Ireland—Roscarbery.

The Learning of Ireland—Roscarbery.

18. The Wantonness of Ireland—Terryglas.

The Wantonness of Ireland—Terryglas.

19. The Spiritual Guidance of Ireland—Clonfert.

The Spiritual Guidance of Ireland—Clonfert.

20. The Curse of Ireland—Lorrha.

The Curse of Ireland—Lorrha.

21. The Judgment of Ireland—Slane.

22. The Severity of Piety of Ireland—Fore.

22. The Importance of Piety in Ireland—Fore.

23. The Delight of Ireland—Ardbrackan.

The Joy of Ireland—Ardbrackan.

24. The Simplicity [22] of Ireland—Roscommon.

The Simplicity of Ireland—Roscommon.

[22] Or 'uprightness.'

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Or 'honesty.'

25. The Welcome of Ireland—Raphoe or Drumlane.

26. The Charity of Ireland—Downpatrick.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ The Charity of Ireland—Downpatrick.

[Pg 4]

27. Trichtach Hérenn Dairchaill.

om. BM techtach E Durcaill N Darachill L

28. Fossugud Hérenn Mag mBile.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Fossugud Hérenn Mag mBile.

Mag Mile L

Magnificent Mile L

29. Martra Hérenn Tulen.

om. L

30. Ailbéimm Hérenn Cell Rúaid.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Red Cell Ailbéimm.

aulbeimnech L Ruadh N Ruadain L

Paul Beimmenech L Ruadh N Ruadain L

31. Genas Hérenn Lann Ela.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Genas Hérenn Lann Ela.

32. Trí tairleme Érenn: Daire Calgaig ⁊ Tech Munna ⁊ Cell Maignenn.

32. Three places in Ireland: Daire Calgaig, Tech Munna, and Cell Maignenn.

om. HBM

33. Tri aithechpuirt Hérenn: Clúain Iraird, Glenn Dá Locha, Lugbad.

33. Tri aithechpuirt Hérenn: Clonard, Glen of the Two Lakes, Lughbad.

aithich Lec heathachbuirg M Lugmag NBM

Relating to Lec heathachbuirg M Lugmag NBM

34. Trí clochraid Hérenn: Ard Macha, Clúain Maic Nóis, Cell Dara.

34. The stone fort of Ireland: Armagh, Clonmacnoise, Kildare.

clothraige BM clothrai N clochraid L clochraidi Lec

35. Trí háenaig Hérenn: áenach Tailten, áenach Crúachan, áenach Colmáin Ela.

35. The festivals of Hérenn: the Tailteann festival, the festival of Crúachan, the festival of Colmáin Ela.

haenaigi L Colman MSS

Haenaigi L Colman MSS

36. Trí dúine Hérenn: Dún Sobairche, Dún Cermna, Cathair Chonrúi.

36. Three places in Ireland: Dun Sobairche, Dun Cermna, Cathair Chonrúi.

duin NBM

37. Trí slébe Hérenn: Slíab Cúa, Slíab Mis, Slíab Cúalann.

37. Three hills of Hérenn: Hill of Cúa, Hill of Mis, Hill of Cúalann.

sleibte BM

38. Trí haird Hérenn: Crúachán Aigli, Ae Chúalann, Benn mBoirchi.

hard N cích Cualann L benna LN

39. Trí locha Hérenn: Loch nEchach, Loch Rí, Loch nErni.

39. The three lakes of Hérenn: Lake Echach, Lake Rí, Lake Erni.

Rib BM Rig N

40. Trí srotha Hérenn: Sinann, Bóand, Banda.

40. The Springs of Hérenn: Sinann, Bóand, Banda.

41. Trí machairc Hérenn: Mag Midi, Mag Line, Mag Lifi.

41. The Lands of Erin: Mag Midi, Mag Line, Mag Lifi.

maige HBM

magic HBM

42. Trí dorcha Hérenn: úam Chnogba, úam Slángæ, dercc Ferna.

42. The darkness of Hérenn: the fear of Chnogba, the fear of Slángæ, the pain of Ferna.

doirchi L uaim Chruachan NL uaim Condba B uaim Cnodba HM Slaingai BM Slaine N Slaine ⁊ uaim Chruachan nó dearc Fearna add. H

doirchi L uaim Chruachan NL uaim Condba B uaim Cnodba HM Slaingai BM Slaine N Slaine & uaim Chruachan or dearc Fearna add. H

43. Trí díthruib Hérenn: Fid Mór hi Cúailgni, Fid Déicsen hi Tuirtri, Fid Moithre hi Connachtaib.

43. Three great trees of Ireland: Great Oak in Cuailnge, Great Ash in Tuirtri, Great Yew in Connacht.

dithreba BM Fid Dexin N

44. Trí dotcaid Hérenn: abbdaine Bendchuir, [A] abbdaine Lainne Ela, ríge Mugdorn Maigen.

44. In the land of the Irish: the abbots of Bendchuir, [A] the abbots of Lainne Ela, the kings of Mugdorn Maigen.

dotchaid LHLec [A] .i. ar imad argain air L abdaine Sláne nó Colmain Ela BM Laind Ela BM

[Pg 5]

27. The ... of Ireland—Dairchaill.

The ... of Ireland—Dairchaill.

28. The Stability of Ireland—Moville.

The Stability of Ireland—Moville.

29. The Martyrdom of Ireland—Dulane.

30. The Reproach of Ireland—Cell Ruaid (Ruad's Church).[23]

30. The Critique of Ireland—Cell Ruaid (Ruad's Church).[23]

[23] 'Ruadan's Church,' L.

'Ruadan's Church,' L.

31. The Chastity of Ireland—Lynally.

The Chastity of Ireland—Lynally.

32. The three places of Ireland to alight at: Derry, Taghmon, Kilmainham.

32. The three spots in Ireland to visit are: Derry, Taghmon, Kilmainham.

33. The three rent-paying places of Ireland: Clonard, Glendalough, Louth.

33. The three places in Ireland that pay rent: Clonard, Glendalough, Louth.

34. The three stone-buildings of Ireland: Armagh, Clonmacnois, Kildare.

34. The three stone buildings of Ireland: Armagh, Clonmacnois, Kildare.

35. The three fairs of Ireland: the fair of Teltown, the fair of Croghan, the fair of Colman Elo.

36. The three forts of Ireland: Dunseverick, Dun Cermna,[24] Cathir Conree.

[24] On the Old Head of Kinsale.

[24] At the Old Head of Kinsale.

37. The three mountains of Ireland: Slieve Gua,[25] Slieve Mis, Slieve Cualann.[26]

[25] i.e. the Knockmealdown mountains.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ the Knockmealdown mountains.

[26] The Wicklow mountains.

The Wicklow Mountains.

38. The three heights of Ireland: Croagh Patrick, Ae Chualann,[27] Benn Boirche.[28]

38. The three peaks of Ireland: Croagh Patrick, Ae Chualann,[27] Benn Boirche.[28]

[27] 'The Liver ('Pap,' L.) of Cualu,' either the Great Sugarloaf or Lugnaquilla.

[28] i.e. Slieve Donard.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ (i.e. Slieve Donard).

39. The three lakes of Ireland: Lough Neagh, Lough Ree, Lough Erne.

40. The three rivers of Ireland: the Shannon, the Boyne, the Bann.

40. The three rivers of Ireland: the Shannon, the Boyne, and the Bann.

41. The three plains of Ireland: the plain of Meath, Moylinny, Moy-Liffey.[29]

41. The three plains of Ireland: the Plain of Meath, Moylinny, Moy-Liffey.[29]

[29] i.e. the plain of Kildare.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ i.e. the Kildare plain.

42. The three dark places of Ireland: the cave of Knowth, the cave of Slaney, the cave of Ferns.

42. The three dark spots in Ireland: the cave of Knowth, the cave of Slaney, the cave of Ferns.

43. The three desert places of Ireland: Fid Mór (Great Wood) in Coolney, Fid Déicsen (Spy-wood) in Tuirtri,[30] the Wood of Moher in Connaught.

[30] The Húi Tuirtri were settled in the four baronies of Upper and Lower Antrim, and Upper and Lower Toome in county Antrim.

[30] The Húi Tuirtri were established in the four areas of Upper and Lower Antrim, and Upper and Lower Toome in County Antrim.

44. The three unlucky places of Ireland: the abbotship of Bangor, the abbotship of Lynally, the kingship of Mugdorn Maigen.[31]

44. The three unfortunate positions in Ireland: the abbey of Bangor, the abbey of Lynally, the kingship of Mugdorn Maigen.[31]

[31] Now Cremorne barony, county Monaghan.

Now Cremorne barony, County Monaghan.

[Pg 6]

45. Trí huilc Hérenn: Crecraigi, Glasraigi, Benntraigi.

45. Three tribes of Hibernia: Crecraigi, Glasraigi, Benntraigi.

Grecraigi HBM

46. Trí cáemnai Hérenn: abbdaine Lusca, ríge trí Cúalann, secnabbóite Arda Macha.

46. The intelligence of Hérenn: the lord of Lusca, king of Cúalann, guardian of Arda Macha.

ríge fer Cualann NL sechnap L segnab-i nArdmachai N

Ríge fer Cualann NL sechnap L segnab-i nArdmachai N

47. Trí trága Hérenn: Tráig Ruis Airgit, Tráig Ruis Téiti, Tráig Baili.

47. The tales of Hérenn: The River of Silver, The River of Tides, The River of Baili.

trachtai L

48. Trí hátha Hérenn: Áth Clíath, Áth Lúain, Áth Caille.

48. Tree of Heren: Athy, Athlone, Athy Caille.

49. Trí sligid Hérenn: slige Dála, slige Asail, slige Midlúachra.

49. Three paths of Hell: the path of Fate, the path of Aisle, the path of the Middle Land.

sligthi MSS

slightly less

50. Trí belaige Hérenn: Belach Conglais, Belach Luimnig, Belach Duiblinne .i. Átha Clíath.

50. The Great Crossroads of Ireland: Crossing of Conglais, Crossing of Limerick, Crossing of Dublin, that is, Dublin.

belaig L Conglaisi N Luimne N .i. Átha Clíath om. N

Belaig L Conglaisi N Luimne N, also known as Átha Clíath om. N

51. Trí drommanna Hérenn: Druimm Fingin, Druimm nDrobeoil, Druimm Leithe.

51. The three ridges of the Hérenn: Fingin Ridge, nDrobeoil Ridge, Leithe Ridge.

om. HBM

52. Trí maige Hérenn: Mag mBreg, Mag Crúachan, Mac Liphi.

52. The Land of Heavens: The Plain of Breg, The Plain of Cruachan, Son of Liphi.

53. Trí clúana Hérenn: Clúain Maic Nóis, Clúain Eois, Clúain Iraird.

53. The three Cluain of Hérenn: Cluain Maic Nóis, Cluain Eois, Cluain Iraird.

54. Trí tellaige Hérenn: tellach Temrach, tellach Caisil, tellach Crúachan.

54. The story of Ireland: the story of Tara, the story of Cashel, the story of Cruachan.

Temair Crúachu Caisel HBM

55. Trí hessa Hérenn: Ess Rúaid, Ess Danainne, Ess Maige.

55. The praise of the Lord: The Spirit of Life, The Spirit of Knowledge, The Spirit of Earth.

56. Trí fothirbi Hérenn: Tír Rátha Laidcniáin, Slíab Commáin, Slíab Mancháin.

56. The lands of Hérenn: The Land of Laidcniáin, Commain Mountain, Mancháin Mountain.

om. HBM fothairbe N

57. Trí tiprata Hérenn: Tipra na nDési, Tipra Húarbeoil, Tipra Úaráin Garaid.

57. Three tribes of the Lord: Tribe of the North, Tribe of the West, Tribe of the South.

tiubrai N tipra Cuirp N nDési HBM tipra Uarainn Garaid HBM t. Uaran nGarad N Breifene N tipra Braithcleasan Brigdi H Braichleasan Brigde BM

58. Trí haimréide Hérenn: Breifne, Bairenn, Bérre[A].

58. The Kingdom of Ireland: Breifne, Bairenn, Bérre[A].

haimreid L Boirind M [A] Beandtraigi H

59. Trí hinbera Hérenn: Inber na mBárc, Inber Féile, Inber Túaige.

60. Trí hairderca Hérenn: Léimm Conculaind, Dún Cáin, Srub Brain.

60. The hairdresser of Hérenn: I leap through Conculaind, Dún Cáin, Srub Brain.

hirrdraici H oirrdirc M

[Pg 7]

45. The three evil ones of Ireland: the Crecraige,[32] the Glasraige, the Benntraige.[33]

45. The three wicked groups of Ireland: the Crecraige,[32] the Glasraige, the Benntraige.[33]

[32] A tribe settled in the barony of Coolavin, county Sligo, and in the adjacent part of county Roscommon.

[32] A group moved into the barony of Coolavin in county Sligo, and in the nearby part of county Roscommon.

[33] Either Bantry in county Cork, or Bantry in county Wexford.

[33] Either Bantry in County Cork, or Bantry in County Wexford.

46. The three comfortable places of Ireland: the abbotship of Lusk, the kingship of the three Cualu,[34] the vice-abbotship of Armagh.

46. The three cozy spots in Ireland: the abbey of Lusk, the kingship of the three Cualu,[34] the vice-abbotship of Armagh.

[34] 'Of the men of Cualu,' NL.

47. The three strands of Ireland: the strand of Ross Airgit,[35] the strand of Ross Teiti, the strand of Baile.[36]

[35] A territory in the barony of Upper Ormond, county Tipperary.

[35] An area in the barony of Upper Ormond, County Tipperary.

[36] Now Dundalk.

Now Dundalk.

48. The three fords of Ireland: Ath Cliath (Hurdle-ford), Athlone (the Ford of Luan), Ath Caille (Wood-ford).[37]

48. The three fords of Ireland: Dublin (Hurdle-ford), Athlone (the Ford of Luan), Woodford (Ath Caille).[37]

[37] Perhaps Áth Caille Rúaide on the Shannon.

[37] Maybe Áth Caille Rúaide by the Shannon.

49. The three highroads of Ireland: Slige Dala,[38] Slige Asail, Slige Luachra.[39]

49. The three major roads of Ireland: Slige Dala,[38] Slige Asail, Slige Luachra.[39]

[38] The great south-western road from Tara into Ossory.

[38] The major southwest road from Tara to Ossory.

[39] A road running northward from Tara.

[39] A road heading north from Tara.

50. The three mountain-passes of Ireland: Baltinglass, the Pass of Limerick, the Pass of Dublin.

50. The three mountain passes of Ireland: Baltinglass, the Pass of Limerick, the Pass of Dublin.

51. The three ridges of Ireland: Druim Fingin, Druim nDrobeoil, Druim Leithe.[40]

[40] In Breffny.

In Breffny.

52. The three plains of Ireland: Moy Bray, Moy Croghan, Moy Liffey.

53. The three meadows of Ireland: Clonmacnois, Clones, Clonard.

54. The three households of Ireland: the household of Tara, the household of Cashel, the household of Croghan.

55. The three waterfalls of Ireland: Assaroe, Eas Danainne,[41] Eas Maige.

[41] On the Shannon opposite Dunass, co. Clare.

[41] On the Shannon across from Dunass, County Clare.

56. The three fields (?) of Ireland: the land of Rathlynan, Slieve Comman, Slieve Manchain.

56. The three regions of Ireland: the area of Rathlynan, Slieve Comman, Slieve Manchain.

57. The three wells of Ireland: the Well of the Desi, the Well of Uarbel,[42] the Well of Uaran Garaid.

[42] Probably near Sescenn Uarbéoil in Leinster (Mountseskenn?).

[42] Probably close to Sescenn Uarbéoil in Leinster (Mountseskenn?).

58. The three uneven places of Ireland: Breffny, the Burren, Beare.

58. The three rugged regions of Ireland: Breffny, the Burren, Beare.

59. The three estuaries of Ireland: Inver na mBarc,[43] Inver Feile,[44] Inver Tuaige.[45]

[43] Dún na mBárc is in Bantry Bay.

[43] Dún na mBárc is located in Bantry Bay.

[44] The estuary of the Feale.

[44] The mouth of the Feale River.

[45] 'The axe-shaped estuary,' i.e. the mouth of the Bann.

[45] 'The axe-shaped river mouth,' i.e. the entrance of the Bann.

60. The three conspicuous places of Ireland: Cuchulinn's Leap,[46] Dunquinn, Sruve Brain.[47]

60. The three notable locations in Ireland: Cuchulinn's Leap,[46] Dunquinn, Sruve Brain.[47]

[46] i.e. Loop Head.

Loop Head.

[47] In the west of Kerry (i n-iarthar Hérenn, YBL. 123^b31).

[47] In the western part of Kerry.

[Pg 8]

61. Trí gnátha Hérenn: Tráig Lí, Lúachair Dedad, Slíab Fúait.

61. Typical Places: Tráig Lí, Lúachair Dedad, Slíab Fúait.

gnath N gnáith HM Líí N

62. Trí hamrai la Táin Bó Cúailnge: .i. in cuilmen dara héisi i nÉrinn; in marb dia haisnéis don bíu .i. Fergus mac Róig dia hinnisin do Ninníne éicius i n-aimsir Corbmaic maic Fáeláin; intí dia n-aisnéther, coimge bliadna dó.

62. The Destruction of the Cattle Raid of Cooley: that is, the slaughter of the two sides in Ireland; the death according to tradition regarding the champion, that is, Fergus son of Róig, who told the tale to Ninníne during the time of Corbmac son of Fáelán; in it, he recounts the story, covering a year for him.

om. HBMLec coimde N

63. Trí meinistri fer Féne: .i. cích, grúad, glún.

63. The three ministers of Fén: namely, head, body, and limb.

64. Trí dotcaid duine: deog therc d'uisci, ítu i cormthig, suide cumang for achad.

64. To be a good friend: be dependable, stay loyal, and be there for each other.

dotchaid L dodcaid BM luige dige BM luige re dig H

dotchaid L dodcaid BM like dig BM like re dig H

65. Trí dotcaid threbtha: gort salach, iarmur cléithe, tech drithlennach.

65. A restless spirit: a dirty field, a quiet breeze, a bothersome house.

dotchaid L dodcaid B iarmor B

66. Trí hairgarta ecalse: caillech fri clocc, athláech i n-apdaine, banna for altóir.

66. A hairpiece, a lady with a clock, a pause in the apron, a band on the altar.

hairgairt L hairgair H hurgoirt B ina habdaine B bainne NM bæn̄ for a haltoir B

hairgairt L hairgair H hurgoirt B in a habdaine B bainne NM bæn̄ for a haltoir B

67. Trí fáilti co n-íarduibi: fer tochmairc, fer gaite, fer aisnéise.

67. A person who brings hospitality: a man who offers, a man who entertains, a man who recalls.

fochmairc NHBMLec aisneidsi N

68. Trí bróin ata ferr fáilti: brón treóit oc ithe messa, brón guirt apaig, brón feda fo mess.

68. There’s a deep sadness that comes from a lack of welcome: sadness leading to despair, sadness over the dead, sadness rooted in misery.

is ferr H ita ferr L at ferr N broin MB ac aipgiudud BM ig messrugud H

69. Trí fáilti ata messu brón: fáilti fir íar ndiupairt, fáilti fir íar luga eithig, fáilti fir íar fingail.

69. The welcome that is given is sad: the welcome of those who are called after death, the welcome of those who are invited after their place is taken, the welcome of those who are acknowledged after their words.

measum B iar ndiubairt N iar mbreith diubarta BM iar mbreith a dibirta H failte fir luga eithig B fir om. BM failte fir iar marbad a bráthar a[c] cosnom a ḟeraind fris BM

70. Trí fiada co n-anḟiad: gréss i n-óentig fri muintir, uisce rothé dar cosa, bíad goirt cen dig.

70. A dream for food: grace in support of the community, water running at our feet, food growing without needing to dig.

fiad L anbfiad N tri fiaidaichi ad mesa H greasa BM for cosaib HM dar cosaib NB biad goirt doib B

71. Trí dotcaid maic athaig: clemnas fri hócthigern, gabáil for tascor ríg, commaid fri meirlechu.

71. To be aware of the urgency of the situation: to oppose the enemy, take charge of your duty, and stand firm against wrongdoing.

dotchaid L dodca d B hoigthigearna MN tarscur BM tascor (nó tarcor) N tairrseach (!) L

dotchaid L dodca d B hoigthigearna MN tarscur BM tascor (or tarcor) N tairrseach (!) L

72. Trí dotcaid threbairi: tarcud do drochmnái, fognam do drochḟlaith, cóemchlód fri drochḟerann.

72. A trio of warnings: avoid bad company, beware of bad advice, and be cautious with bad influences.

dodchaidh B targad BM drochlaith M drochlaech H claechlud H caemclodh M drochírind B

73. Trí búada trebairi: tarcud do degmnái, fognam do degḟlaith, cóemchlód fri dagḟerann.

73. The power of great strength: an improvement in fairness, the quality of compassion, and unity in purpose.

[Pg 9]

trebtha N targad B deadlaech H claechmod H deigferand HM degthigern (!) B

need N target B deadline H classroom H differentiation HM tenure (!) B

61. The three familiar places [48] of Ireland: Tralee, Logher, the Fews.

61. The three well-known places [48] of Ireland: Tralee, Logher, the Fews.

[48] Or, perhaps, 'places of common resort.'

[48] Or maybe, 'places where people gather.'

62. Three wonders concerning the Táin Bó Cúailnge; that the cuilmen came to Ireland in its stead; the dead relating it to the living, viz. Fergus mac Róig reciting it to Ninníne the poet in the time of Cormac mac Fáeláin; one year's protection to him to whom it is recited.

62. Three wonders about the Táin Bó Cúailnge: that the cuilmen came to Ireland in its place; the dead connecting it to the living, namely, Fergus mac Róig telling it to Ninníne the poet during the time of Cormac mac Fáeláin; one year of protection to whoever it is recited to.

63. The three halidoms of the men of Ireland: breast, cheek, knee.

63. The three sacred places of the men of Ireland: heart, cheek, knee.

64. Three unfortunate things for a man: a scant drink of water, thirst in an ale-house, a narrow seat upon a field.

64. Three unfortunate things for a man: a small drink of water, thirst in a pub, a cramped seat in a field.

65. Three unfortunate things of husbandry: a dirty field, leavings of the hurdle, a house full of sparks.

65. Three unfortunate things in farming: a dirty field, leftover debris from the fence, and a house filled with embers.

66. Three forbidden things of a church: a nun as bellringer, a veteran in the abbotship, a drop upon the altar.

66. Three things that shouldn't happen in a church: a nun ringing the bell, a veteran becoming the abbot, and a drop on the altar.

67. Three rejoicings followed by sorrow: a wooer's, a thief's, a tale-bearer's.

67. Three celebrations ended in sadness: a suitor's, a criminal's, a gossip's.

68. Three sorrows that are better than joy: the heaviness of a herd feeding on mast, the heaviness of a ripe field,[49] the heaviness of a wood under mast.

68. Three troubles that outweigh joy: the burden of a herd grazing on mast, the weight of a ripe field,[49] the load of a forest heavy with mast.

[49] 'Of a ripening field,' BM.

'Of a ripening field,' BM.

69. Three rejoicings that are worse than sorrow: the joy of a man who has defrauded another, the joy of a man who has perjured himself, the joy of a man who has committed parricide.[50]

69. Three joys that are worse than sadness: the joy of someone who has cheated another, the joy of someone who has lied under oath, and the joy of someone who has killed their own parent.[50]

[50] 'Of a man who has slain his brother in contesting his land,' BM.

[50] 'About a man who killed his brother over a land dispute,' BM.

70. The three worst welcomes: a handicraft in the same house with the inmates, scalding water upon the feet, salt food without a drink.

70. The three worst welcomes: handmade goods in the same house as the residents, boiling water on the feet, salty food without a drink.

71. Three unfortunate things for the son of a peasant: marrying into the family of a franklin, attaching himself to the retinue of a king, consorting with thieves.

71. Three unfortunate things for the son of a peasant: marrying into the family of a landowner, serving in the entourage of a king, hanging out with thieves.

72. Three unfortunate things for a householder: proposing to a bad woman, serving a bad chief, exchanging for bad land.

72. Three unfortunate things for a homeowner: getting involved with a bad woman, serving a bad leader, and trading for poor land.

73. Three excellent things for a householder: proposing to a good woman, serving a good chief, exchanging for good land.

73. Three great things for someone with a household: marrying a good woman, serving a great leader, and trading for good land.

[Pg 10]

74. Trí hóenaig eserte: célide hi tig gobann, célide hi tig ṡáir, dul do chennuch cen áirche.

74. Trí hóenaig eserte: go to the place of hunting, go to the place of feasting, go to your own home without delay.

hænaigi nasearta B neiseirti H haonaige neserte N esertai Lec airrdhe N

75. Trí cóil ata ferr folongat in mbith: cóil srithide hi folldeirb, cóil foichne for tuinn, cóil snáithe dar dorn dagmná.

75. A three-fold strand that endures in the world: a strand flowing through the earth, a strand of refuge over the waves, a strand woven by a skilled hand.

foloingead imbith B is ferr isin mbith N sreibe LLec srithide B srithide foildeirb N

Following the lead in B is for in mbith N, subscription LLec srithide B srithide foildeirb N

76. Trí duirn ata dech for bith: dorn degṡáir, dorn degmná, dorn deggobann.

76. Three points make a whole: one heart, one mind, one soul.

for doman BM dorn sair dorn gabonn dorn daim N degdaim BM

for domain BM dorn sair dorn gabonn dorn daim N degdaim BM

77. Tréde conaittig fírinne: mess, tomus, cubus.

tri conaitig B

78. Tréde conaittig brethemnas: gáis, féige, fiss.

78. Exchange for your efforts: gas, fig, fish.

a tri conaitig B

A triangle with B

79. Trí túarascbála étraid: osnad, cluiche, céilide.

79. A summary of the activity: music, game, gathering.

osnaid N miad LBM

80. Tréde ara carthar escara: máin, cruth, innraccus.

80. Trade can be complicated: main, form, content.

a tri BM treidi H gnás alaig erlabra HM airdearcus B

81. Tréde ara miscnigther cara: fogal, dognas, dímainche.

treidi H a tri M tri L fogail H dimainecht HM

82. Trí buirb in betha: óc contibi sen, slán contibi galarach, gáeth contibi báeth.

82. The fate of fools in life: they are ill-fated in health, doomed to suffering in foolishness.

contib BM contibe N gallrach BM gallrai N bæth contib gæth BM

83. Trí buidir in betha: robud do throich, airchisecht fri faigdech, cosc mná báithe do drúis.

83. The three rules of life: protect your home, stand firm against hardship, and prevent women from being mistreated.

urchuidme ria foidhech N ærcuidmed fri foigeaeh B mná druithi B

84. Trí cáin docelat éitchi: sobés la anricht, áne la dóer, ecna la dodelb.

84. Cleverness disguises itself: a day of joy, a day of sorrow, a day of reflection.

doceilead eitig B handracht B dodealb B dodeilb N

85. Trí héitich docelat cáin: bó binnech cen as, ech án amlúath, sodelb cen tothucht.

85. A sharp mind cuts through illusions: a sweet melody without a note, like a flash of light, striking without warning.

doceiled BM beinnech N

86. Trí óible adannat seirc: gnúis, alaig, erlabra.

86. Three undeniable things: face, laugh, speak.

haibne adannaid searc B adanta serce N alaid N

87. Trí haithne co fomailt: aithne mná, aithne eich, aithne salainn.

87. Three types of knowledge: knowledge of women, knowledge of horses, knowledge of salt.

haithneada Lec tomailt B ṡalainn L

88. Trí búada téiti: ben cháem, ech maith, cú lúath.

88. The lucky charms are: a good woman, a fine horse, and a swift hound.

teite N buadnasa tétnai HBMLec

89. Trí ségainni Hérenn: fáthrann, adbann a cruit, berrad aigthe.

89. The secrets of the Heavens: father, if you hear this, listen closely.

segaind M tri comartha segainn N segraind B Hérenn om. MB fatraind B fadbann N fadhbond MB aigthe om. BM a cruit om. MN

second M three with second N side B Hero me. MB gathering B background N fadhbond MB during me. BM I play me. MN

[Pg 11]

74. Three holidays [51] of a landless man [52]: visiting in the house of a blacksmith, visiting in the house of a carpenter, buying without bonds.

74. Three holidays [51] of a landless man [52]: hanging out at a blacksmith's place, hanging out at a carpenter's place, shopping freely.

[51] Or, perhaps, 'fairs, foregatherings.'

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Or, maybe, 'fairs, gatherings.'

[52] Or 'vagrant.'

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Or 'homeless person.'

75. Three slender things that best support the world: the slender stream of milk from the cow's dug into the pail, the slender blade of green corn upon the ground, the slender thread over the hand of a skilled woman.

75. Three delicate things that best hold up the world: the thin stream of milk from the cow's udder into the bucket, the slender stalk of green corn on the ground, the fine thread in the hands of a skilled woman.

76. Three hands that are best in the world: the hand of a good carpenter, the hand of a skilled woman, the hand of a good smith.

76. Three of the best hands in the world: the hand of a talented carpenter, the hand of a skilled woman, the hand of a proficient blacksmith.

77. Three things which justice demands: judgment, measure, conscience.

77. Justice requires three things: fairness, equality, and morality.

78. Three things which judgment demands: wisdom, penetration, knowledge.

78. Three things that good judgment demands: wisdom, insight, and knowledge.

79. Three characteristics of concupiscence: sighing, playfulness,[53] visiting.

79. Three traits of desire: sighing, playfulness,[53] visiting.

[53] Or 'dalliance.'

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Or 'flirtation.'

80. Three things for which an enemy is loved: wealth, beauty, worth.[54]

80. Three reasons why someone might appreciate an enemy: riches, attractiveness, and value.[54]

[54] 'distinction,' B. 'familiarity, fame (leg. allad), speech,' H.

[54] 'difference,' B. 'closeness, renown (leg. allad), conversation,' H.

81. Three things for which a friend is hated: trespassing,[55] keeping aloof,[56] fecklessness.

81. Three things that make a friend disliked: overstepping boundaries,[55] being distant,[56] and being irresponsible.

[55] Or 'encroaching.'

Or 'intrusive.'

[56] Literally, 'unfamiliarity.'

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Literally, 'unknown.'

82. Three rude ones of the world: a youngster mocking an old man, a healthy person mocking an invalid, a wise man mocking a fool.

82. Three disrespectful people in the world: a young person making fun of an old man, a healthy person making fun of someone with a disability, and a wise person making fun of a fool.

83. Three deaf ones of the world: warning to a doomed man, mocking [57] a beggar, keeping a loose woman from lust.

83. Three deaf people in the world: a warning to a doomed man, teasing [57] a beggar, stopping a loose woman from giving in to temptation.

[57] 'pitying,' L.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ 'feeling sorry,' L.

84. Three fair things that hide ugliness: good manners in the ill-favoured, skill in a serf, wisdom in the misshapen.

84. Three beautiful qualities that cover flaws: good manners in the unattractive, skill in a servant, and wisdom in the imperfect.

85. Three ugly things that hide fairness: a sweet-lowing cow without milk, a fine horse without speed, a fine person without substance.

85. Three disappointing things that disguise true worth: a graceful cow that doesn't produce milk, a beautiful horse that lacks speed, and a remarkable person who lacks depth.

86. Three sparks that kindle love: a face, demeanour, speech.

86. Three sparks that ignite love: a face, attitude, words.

87. Three deposits with usufruct: depositing a woman, a horse, salt.

87. Three deposits with usage rights: a woman, a horse, salt.

88. Three glories of a gathering: a beautiful wife, a good horse, a swift hound.

88. Three symbols of a great gathering: a stunning wife, a reliable horse, and a fast hound.

89. Three accomplishments of Ireland: a witty stave, a tune on the harp,[58] shaving a face.

89. Three achievements of Ireland: a clever poem, a melody played on the harp,[58] shaving a face.

[58] Literally, 'out of a harp.'

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Literally, 'from a harp.'

[Pg 12]

90. Trí comartha clúanaigi: búaidriud scél, cluiche tenn, abucht co n-imdergad.

90. A clever sign: a victory in storytelling, a game of tennis, a way to connect.

tri comartha cluanaide N clu ænaigh M cluænaige B teinn L tind BM abocht HLec abhacht M co n-imnead nó imdergad HLec co n-uaithiss L co n-aitis N

91. Trí gena ata messu brón: gen snechta oc legad, gen do mná frit íar mbith ḟir aili lé, gen chon ḟoilmnich.

91. The same feeling comes over me: I’m left with a blanket of snow, a couple of women beside me after the long night, and a dog that isn’t mine.

ad meassam HMB mesom L drochmna LN frit om. L iar fes le fer n-aili H iar mbeith fri araile BM foleimnighe N foilmig dot letrad H foleimnigh (foilmnig B) agud rochtain dott ithe MB

There is a concern about HMB affecting the overall quality of the results. In the past, several factors contributed to the inconsistency in this area, primarily the differing methods of data collection and access to reliable sources.

92. Trí báis ata ferr bethaid: bás iach, bás muicce méithe, bás foglada.

92. Trés básicos están siempre presentes: muerte de un cordero, muerte de un cerdo, muerte de un prisionero.

ad HBM beatha H iaich L bás iaich bás muici meithi bás fodhladlu L fogladai N fodalada B bás bithbenaig B luifenaich Lec

to HBM life H live L death live death pig meat death sleeping L sleeping N sleeping B life everlasting B dashing Lec

93. Trí húathaid ata ferr sochaidi: úathad dagbríathar, úathad bó hi feór, úathad carat im chuirm.

93. The fortitude of the brave is truly astonishing: bravery in battle, courage in the field, loyalty to friends.

uath ada N ad M is H deagbriathar H degflaith MB

94. Trí brónaig choirmthige: fer dogní fleid, fer dia ndéntar, fer ibes menip sáithech

fleid om. B fer nostairbir H fer teid dia tairtiud minab saitheach M

field of. B for grandmother H for tile their handiwork minab sweet M

95. Trí cuitbidi in domain: fer lonn, fer étaid, fer díbech.

95. Trí cuitbidi in domain: fair long, fair steady, fair stubborn.

cuidmidi H

96. Trí cuil túaithe: flaith brécach, breithem gúach, sacart colach.

96. Three rural tribes: a variegated king, a gloomy judge, a priest of the flesh.

flaitheamh BM sacart tuisledach N sagart diultach B diultadhach M

97. Trí fuiric thige degduni: cuirm, fothrucud, tene mór.

97. To be hospitable: food, drink, a warm fire.

fuiric .i. fleadh nó féasta B daghduine N

celebration, feast, or festival that everyone enjoys

98. Trí fuiric thige drochduni: debuid ar do chinn, athchosan frit, a chú dot gabáil.

achmusan NBM a cu dod ledrad N do congabail M drochscel lat immach L

99. Trí gretha tige degláich: grith fodla, grith suide, grith coméirge.

99. Three types of residence: sleeping quarters, sitting space, service area.

tri grith L tri gartha M fogla L suigidhe BM

100. Trí dorchæ ná dlegat mná do imthecht: dorcha cíach, dorcha aidche, dorcha feda.

100. There's no need to blame women for madness: dark weather, dark nights, dark woods.

nach dleguid N narfacad do mnai imteact B d'imtecht NM

after the guidelines N narfacad do mnai imteact B d'imtecht NM

101. Trí sailge boccachta: imgellad, immarbág, imreson.

101. Three confusing choices: to borrow, to kill, to resign.

soilge BM imgellad bag L imarbaid imreasain BM imarbaigh imressain N imreason nó imraichni L

102. Trí airisena boccachta: sírchéilide, sírdécsain, síriarfaige.

102. A variety of outcasts: perpetual nuisance, eternal shame, everlasting regret.

hærsenna BM hairisin N sirfiarfaighe M sirfiarfaigid N

hairdressers BM hairstyles N styling M styling N

[Pg 13]

90. Three ungentlemanly things: interrupting stories, a mischievous game, jesting so as to raise a blush.

90. Three unrefined things: interrupting stories, playing pranks, joking to make someone blush.

91. Three smiles that are worse than sorrow: the smile of the snow as it melts, the smile of your wife [59] on you after another man has been with her,[60] the grin of a hound ready to leap at you.[61]

91. Three smiles that are worse than sadness: the smile of snow as it melts, the smile of your wife [59] at you after being with another man,[60] the grin of a dog ready to pounce on you.[61]

[59] 'Of a bad woman,' LN.

'About a bad woman,' LN.

[60] 'After sleeping with another man,' H.

[60] 'After spending the night with another guy,' H.

[61] 'To tear you to pieces,' H. 'Coming up to devour you,' MB.

[61] 'To rip you apart,' H. 'Coming to eat you alive,' MB.

92. Three deaths that are better than life: the death of a salmon, the death of a fat pig, the death of a robber.[62]

92. Three deaths that are better than living: the death of a salmon, the death of a fat pig, the death of a robber.[62]

[62] 'Of a criminal,' B.

'Of a criminal,' B.

93. Three fewnesses that are better than plenty: a fewness of fine words, a fewness of cows in grass, a fewness of friends around ale.[63]

93. Three things that are better in moderation: a few good words, a few cows in the pasture, and a few friends sharing a drink.[63]

[63] 'good ale,' MB.

'good ale,' MB.

94. Three sorrowful ones of an alehouse: the man who gives the feast, the man to whom it is given, the man who drinks without being satiated.[64]

94. Three sad people at a bar: the guy who hosts the party, the guy who gets the invitation, and the guy who drinks but never feels satisfied.[64]

[64] 'Who goes to it unsatiated,' M. i.e. who drinks on an empty stomach.

[64] 'Who goes to it still thirsty,' M. i.e. who drinks on an empty stomach.

95. Three laughing-stocks of the world: an angry man, a jealous man, a niggard.

95. Three jokes of the world: an angry person, a jealous person, and a stingy person.

96. Three ruins of a tribe: a lying chief, a false judge, a lustful [65] priest.

96. Three ruins of a tribe: a deceitful chief, a corrupt judge, a lustful [65] priest.

[65] 'Stumbling, offending,' N. 'Fond of refusing,' B.

[65] 'Fumbling, being rude,' N. 'Into turning things down,' B.

97. Three preparations of a good man's house: ale, a bath, a large fire.

97. Three essentials for a good man's home: beer, a bath, a big fire.

98. Three preparations of a bad man's house: strife before you, complaining to you, his hound taking hold of you.[66]

98. Three signs of a villain's home: arguments in front of you, whining to you, his dog biting at you.[66]

[66] 'Tearing you,' N. 'A bad story to speed you on your way,' L.

[66] 'Breaking you apart,' N. 'A lousy tale to rush you along,' L.

99. Three shouts of a good warrior's house: the shout of distribution, the shout of sitting down, the shout of rising up.

99. Three calls of a strong warrior's home: the call for sharing, the call to sit down, the call to stand up.

100. Three darknesses into which women should not go: the darkness of mist, the darkness of night, the darkness of a wood.

100. Three types of darkness that women should avoid: the darkness of mist, the darkness of night, the darkness of the woods.

101. Three props of obstinacy [67]: pledging oneself, contending, wrangling.

101. Three characteristics of stubbornness [67]: making promises, arguing, fighting.

102. Three characteristics of obstinacy [67]: long visits, staring, constant questioning.

102. Three traits of stubbornness [67]: long visits, staring, constant questioning.

[67] Literally, 'buckishness.'

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Literally, 'swagger.'

[Pg 14]

103. Trí comartha meraigi: slicht a chíre ina ḟolt, slicht a ḟíacal ina chuit, slicht a luirge ina diaid.

103. Three signs of wisdom: the clarity of the mind in thought, the clarity of the face in expression, the clarity of the tongue in speech.

comarthadha M meraigthe N 'na cend BM 'na cuit BM inandiaig B na diaidh M

104. Trí máidme clúanaigi: ató ar do scáth, rosaltrus fort, rotflinchus com étach.

104. A famous saying: you are under my protection, your safety is assured.

cluainige BM ato BM atu L rodsaltar M rosaltrur ort L rosflinchus com edach N rofliuchus com ediuch BM comh edach L

cluainige BM ato BM atu L rodsaltar M rosaltrur ort L rosf linchus com edach N rofliuchus com ediuch BM comh edach L

105. Trí bí focherdat marbdili: oss foceird a congna, fid foceird a duille, cethra focerdat a mbrénḟinda.

105. Three kinds of poetry: one found in love, another found in nature, and the third found in the depths of the mind.

om. BMHLec

106. Trí scenb Hérenn: Tulach na nEpscop, Ached Déo, Duma mBúirig.

106. Three kingdoms of Heaven: Hill of the Bishops, God’s Judgment, Mound of the Blessed.

om. BMHLec achad N

107. Trí hingnad Hérenn: lige inn abaic, lige nEothuili, allabair i foccus.

107. To the heart of the place: lying within boundaries, lying in connection, speaking in focus.

om. BMHLec hinganta N allubuir a fogus N

108. Trí daurthige Hérenn: daurthech Birra, daurthech Clúana Eidnech, daurthech Leithglinde.

108. Three fortresses of Éireann: fortress of Birra, fortress of Clúain Éidnech, fortress of Leithglinn.

om. BMHLec

109. Trí hingena berta miscais do míthocod: labra, lesca, anidna.

109. Three special types of myths: labor, leisure, and connection.

do mitocuid N do togud BM lesce N anidna N nemidna BM .i. esinrucas add. H

110. Trí hingena berta seirc do cháintocud: túa, éscuss, idnæ.

110. The text refers to three important aspects to consider: you, listen, understand.

beres L berta seircce de caintogud BM serc N caintocaid N tri hadbair serci Lec tóa esces idna N esca BMLec

111. Trí túa ata ferr labra: túa fri forcital, túa fri hairfitiud, túa fri procept.

111. Your body is your tool: your strength, your ability to adapt, your approach.

labrai N sproicept B sproicepht M fri aithfrend N

112. Trí labra ata ferr túa: ochán rig do chath, sreth immais, molad iar lúag.

112. Your skills shape your path: an eight-kingdom glory in battle, ongoing power, praise after victory.

uchan N oconn BM hairfidiud nó fís BM luadh B

113. Trí hailgesa étúalaing .i. éirg cen co dechais, tuc cenitbé, déna ceni derna.

113. All that is essential to creation means rising without preparation, giving without hesitation, and doing without obligation.

haisgeadha edualaing B erg gen cotis H tuc gen gud beirg (?) gen go gaemais dena gen go heda B tuca gen cobe N gen gudbe M gen [go] dernais N gen go feta HM

Haisgeadha edualaing B erg gen cotis H tuc gen gud beirg (?) gen go gaemais dena gen go heda B tuca gen cobe N gen gudbe M gen [go] dernais N gen go feta HM

114. Trí hamaite bít[e] i ndrochthig óiged .i. sentrichem senchaillige, roschaullach ingine móile, sirite gillai.

hamaide drochtoighe BM sentriche caillige BM sentrichim N rosc cailleach ingine siridhe gillai BM siride N sirithe L

115. Trí hairig na ndúalche: sant, cráes, étrad.

115. The traits of the mind: greed, cruelty, envy.

[Pg 15]

103. Three signs of a fop: the track of his comb in his hair, the track of his teeth in his food, the track of his stick [68] behind him.

103. Three signs of a dandy: the mark of his comb in his hair, the mark of his teeth in his food, the mark of his cane [68] behind him.

[68] Or 'cudgel.'

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Or 'bat.'

104. Three ungentlemanly boasts: I am on your track, I have trampled on you, I have wet you with my dress.

104. Three rude bragging statements: I'm right behind you, I've stepped all over you, I've splashed you with my dress.

105. Three live ones that put away dead things: a deer shedding its horn, a wood shedding its leaves, cattle shedding their coat.[69]

105. Three living things that get rid of dead stuff: a deer losing its antlers, a tree dropping its leaves, and cattle shedding their fur.[69]

[69] Literally, 'stinking hair.'

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Literally, 'smelly hair.'

106. Three places of Ireland to make you start: Tulach na n-Escop,[70] Achad Deo,[71] Duma mBuirig.

106. Three places in Ireland to get you started: Tulach na n-Escop,[70] Achad Deo,[71] Duma mBuirig.

[70] A hill near Kildare. See Thesaurus Palæo-hibernicus ii.. p. 335.

[70] A hill close to Kildare. See Thesaurus Palæo-hibernicus ii.. p. 335.

[71] At Tara. See Todd's Irish Nennius, p. 200.

107. Three wonders of Ireland: the grave of the dwarf,[72] the grave of Trawohelly,[73] an echo near.[74]

107. Three wonders of Ireland: the grave of the dwarf,[72] the grave of Trawohelly,[73] an echo nearby.[74]

[72] Somewhere in the west (i n-iarthar Erenn, Fél., p. clvii).

[72] Somewhere in the west (in the west of Ireland, Fél., p. clvii).

[73] See Todd's Irish Nennius, p. 199, and Zeitschrift für Celt. Phil, v., p. 23.

[74] Nothing is known to me about this wonder.

[74] I don't know anything about this amazing thing.

108. Three oratories of Ireland: the oratory of Birr, the oratory of Clonenagh, the oratory of Leighlin.

109. Three maidens that bring hatred upon misfortune: talking, laziness, insincerity.

109. Three girls who invite trouble: gossip, sloth, dishonesty.

110. Three maidens that bring love to good fortune: silence, diligence, sincerity.

110. Three women who bring love and good luck: silence, hard work, and honesty.

111. Three silences that are better than speech: silence during instruction, silence during music, silence during preaching.

111. Three kinds of silence that are more effective than talking: silence while learning, silence while listening to music, and silence during sermons.

112. Three speeches that are better than silence: inciting a king to battle, spreading knowledge (?),[75] praise after reward.[76]

112. Three speeches that are more powerful than silence: urging a king to fight, sharing knowledge (?),[75] and giving praise after a reward.[76]

[75] Sreth immais, which I have tentatively translated by 'spreading knowledge,' is used as a technical term in poetry for connecting all the words of a verse-line by alliteration, as e.g. slatt, sacc, socc, simend, saland. See Ir. Texte iii., p. 30.

[75] Sreth immais, which I've tentatively translated as 'spreading knowledge,' is a technical term used in poetry for linking all the words in a verse-line through alliteration, such as in slatt, sacc, socc, simend, saland. See Ir. Texte iii., p. 30.

[76] Cf. LL. 344a: Carpre asks Cormac what are the sweetest things he has heard, and Cormac answers: 'A shout of triumph after victory, praise after reward, the invitation of a fair woman to her pillow.'

[76] See LL. 344a: Carpre asks Cormac what the sweetest things are that he's heard, and Cormac replies: 'The shout of joy after a win, compliments after achieving something, the invitation of a beautiful woman to her bed.'

113. Three impossible demands: go! though you cannot go, bring what you have not got, do what you cannot do.

113. Three impossible requests: go! even though you can't go, bring what you don’t have, do what you can’t do.

114. Three idiots that are in a bad guest-house: the chronic cough of an old hag, a brainless tartar of a girl, a hobgoblin of a gillie.

114. Three idiots stuck in a rundown guesthouse: the persistent cough of an old woman, a clueless girl, and a mischievous servant.

115. The three chief sins: avarice, gluttony, lust.

115. The three main sins: greed, overeating, lust.

[Pg 16]

116. Tréde neimthigedar crossán: rige óile, rige théighe, rige bronn.

116. Tréde neimthigedar crossán: read all, read again, read more.

117. Tréde neimthigedar círmaire: coimrith fri coin hi[c] cosnum chnáma, adarc reithi do dírgud dia anáil cen tenid, dichetal for ochtraig co rathochra a mbí ina íchtur for a úachtar do choṅgna ⁊ cnámaib ⁊ adarcaib.

om. BMHLec dirge N otrach N corotochra N a mbid na hichtar N huachtar N congnaim N

118. Tréde nemthigedar sáer: dlúthud cen fomus, cen fescred, lúd lúadrinna, béimm fo chommus.

118. Trust is not given lightly: it demands full authenticity, without deceit or pretense, and only then can it be earned.

om. BMHLec tri ara neimiter N dluthugud N feiscre N ludh luaithreand N

119. Tréde neimthigedar liaig: dígallræ, díainme, comchissi cen ainchiss.

119. Trede never failed to say: resistance, endurance, common goals.

om. BMHLec ara neimiter liagh N coimcisin gin ainces N

120. Tréde neimthigedar gobainn: bir Neithin, fulacht na Morrígna, inneóin in Dagda.

om. BMHLec ara neimiter gobaind N bir ndechin N

om. BMHLec has to do with the N rating of N

121. Tréde neimthigedar cerdai: fige ronn, cær comraic, plett for fæbur.

121. Trades are meaningful and important: every road has challenges, and care leads to progress.

om. BMHLec cerd N flet N

122. Tréde neimthigedar cruitire: golltraige, gentraige, súantraige.

122. Tricks that do good: kindness, compassion, peace.

om. BMHLec

123. Tréde neimthigedar filid: immas forosna, teinm læda, dichetal di chennaib.

123. Three naked men: arms crossed, their bright eyes, chattering in whispers.

124. Dá mígairm míthocaid: commáidem do chétguine, do ben la fer n-aile.

124. While I’m addressing the issue: I emphasize the importance of the first step, to a woman by another man.

atte dá ní igairm (!) do neoch .i. maidem a chétguine ⁊ a bean do beith fri fer n-aill BM mitocaid N a cedgona N a ben la fer n-aile N

Give it to someone, meaning that Monday is a good day for both a maid and her husband to be together—for a man who is not her husband.

125. Teora airi[se]na iarnduba: comar, cocless, clemnas.

125. The air Teora rises: dawn, daylight, dusk.

tri hairnadmand BMN iardubha M coicless LM coicle M

126. Trí bainne cétmuintire: bainne fola, bainne dér, bainne aillse.

126. First milk from the mother: blood milk, whey milk, milk from the stone.

banda NBM

band NBM

127. Trí coiri bíte in cach dúini: coire érma, coire goriath, coire áiged.

127. Every person has a connection: a bond of blood, a bond of friendship, a bond of fate.

core B duini L duine B goiriat N aitiu N notead B notheadh M

[Pg 17]

116. Three things that constitute a buffoon: blowing out his cheek, blowing out his satchel, blowing out his belly.

116. Three things that make up a buffoon: puffing out his cheek, puffing out his bag, puffing out his belly.

117. Three things that constitute a comb-maker: racing a hound in contending for a bone; straightening a ram's horn by his breath, without fire; chanting upon a dunghill so that all antlers and bones and horns that are below come to the top.

117. Three things that define a comb-maker: racing a hound for a bone; straightening a ram's horn by blowing on it, without using fire; and chanting on a dung heap so that all the antlers, bones, and horns below rise to the surface.

118. Three things that constitute a carpenter: joining together without calculating (?), without warping (?); agility with the compass; a well-measured stroke.

118. Three things that define a carpenter: putting things together without measuring, without bending; being quick with the compass; and having a precise touch.

119. Three things that constitute a physician: a complete cure, leaving no blemish behind, a painless examination.

119. Three things define a doctor: a full recovery, no scars left behind, and an exam that doesn’t hurt.

120. Three things that constitute a blacksmith: Nethin's spit, the cooking-hearth of the Morrigan, the Dagda's anvil.[77]

120. Three things that define a blacksmith: Nethin's spit, the cooking hearth of the Morrigan, the Dagda's anvil.[77]

[77] For a description and pictures of these appliances, see YBL., p. 419a, and Egerton, 1782, fo. 46a.

[77] For a description and images of these appliances, check out YBL., p. 419a, and Egerton, 1782, fo. 46a.

121. Three things that constitute an artificer: weaving chains, a mosaic ball,[78] an edge upon a blade.

121. Three things that define a craftsman: making chains, a mosaic sphere,[78] and a sharp edge on a blade.

[78] O'Curry, Manners and Customs, ii., p. 253, thought that a caer comraic was 'a ball of convergent ribs or lines,' perhaps such a bead or ball of mosaic glass as is depicted in Joyce's Social History of Ancient Ireland, vol. ii., p. 32, fig. 171. A cáer comraic of eight different colours is mentioned in LB. 108b 20.

[78] O'Curry, in Manners and Customs, vol. ii., p. 253, believed that a caer comraic was 'a ball of converging ribs or lines,' possibly similar to the bead or ball of mosaic glass shown in Joyce's Social History of Ancient Ireland, vol. ii., p. 32, fig. 171. A cáer comraic of eight different colors is referenced in LB. 108b 20.

122. Three things that constitute a harper: a tune to make you cry, a tune to make you laugh, a tune to put you to sleep.[79]

122. Three things that make a great harper: a song that brings tears to your eyes, a song that makes you laugh, and a song that lulls you to sleep.[79]

[79] Cf. H. 3. 18, p. 87: tréide nemtighther cruit; goltraiges, gentraiges, suantraiges.

[79] See. H. 3. 18, p. 87: they take away sorrow; joy, kindness, and comfort.

123. Three things that constitute a poet: 'knowledge that illumines,' 'teinm laeda,'[80] improvisation.

123. Three things that define a poet: 'insight that enlightens,' 'teinm laeda,'[80] improvisation.

[80] The names of various kinds of incantations. See Cormac's Glossary and Ancient Laws, s.v.

[80] The names of different types of spells. See Cormac's Glossary and Ancient Laws, s.v.

124. Two ominous cries of ill-luck: boasting of your first slaughter, and of your wife being with another man.

124. Two dark signs of bad luck: bragging about your first kill and about your wife being with another man.

125. Three things betokening trouble: holding a plough-land in common, performing feats together, alliance in marriage.

125. Three signs of trouble: sharing a plot of land, doing things together, and forming an alliance through marriage.

126. Three drops of a wedded woman: a drop of blood, a tear-drop, a drop of sweat.

126. Three drops of a married woman: a drop of blood, a tear, a drop of sweat.

127. Three caldrons that are in every fort: the caldron of running, the caldron goriath,[81] the caldron of guests.

127. Three cauldrons found in every fort: the cauldron of running, the cauldron goriath,[81] and the cauldron of guests.

[81] Quite obscure to me. There is a heavily glossed poem in H. 3. 18, beginning Coire goriath. In H. 2. 15, p. 117^b, after the colophon to Dúil Laithne (Goid.,² p. 79), there are some further glosses, among which I find: goiriath .i. gardhamh in gach iath, erma .i. uasal-iompú no iar-iompa. But érma seems the genitive of érim, 'a course.'

[81] It's quite unclear to me. There's a heavily annotated poem in H. 3. 18, starting with Coire goriath. In H. 2. 15, p. 117^b, after the colophon to Dúil Laithne (Goid.,² p. 79), there are some additional annotations, including: goiriath .i. gardhamh in gach iath, erma .i. uasal-iompú no iar-iompa. But érma seems to be the genitive form of érim, meaning 'a course.'

[Pg 18]

128. Trí comartha láthraig bendachtan: clocc, salm, senad.

128. A sign of blessings: clock, psalm, senate.

lathrach bennachtan H bendacht L senad NBMH ocsenad L

129. Trí comartha láthraig mallachtan: tromm, tradna, nenaid.

129. A sign of hidden mischief: heavy, eerie, ominous.

mallachtan HM neanad B neanntoch M tradnai BM tradna H

130. Teora muimmecha táide: caill, coim, adaig.

130. Teora muimmecha táide: go, come, rise.

tri muime BM tri buime gaiti H coill HM

131. Teora ranna sluinte fri cáintocad: trumma, toicthiu, talchaire.

131. Teora ranna sluinte for catching: troma, toicthiu, talchaire.

sloindti caintocaid N toicte N

132. Teora ranna sluinte dotcaid: tlás, áes, airbire.

dotcaid N tlass ois oirbire N

dotcaid N class is organized N

133. Dí derbṡiair: tlás ⁊ trúaige.

133. You must be honest: tell the truth and be fair.

siair L tlas ⁊ trousca N truaighe BMH

134. Dá derbráthair: tocad ⁊ brugaide.

134. A half-brother: touching and healing.

brathair M toice ⁊ blailaige N togud B tacad H

Brother M toice & Sister N togud B tacad H

135. Trí fuidb dotcadaig: ráthaiges, etargaire, fiadnaise. Dotoing dia fiadnaisi, íccaid dia ráthaiges, doberar béimm n-etaigaire ina chinn.

135. Three fundamental principles: awareness, reflection, evidence. Through awareness, you recognize reflection, and you give a nudge to balance in your thinking.

foidb dothcadaigh M toindid a fiadnaisi BM iccaid a rathaigecht beiridh builleadha etargaire ina cind BM.

136. Trí sethraeha góa: béss, dóig, toimtiu.

toimdi L

137. Trí bráthair uamain: sta! sit! coiste!

137. A brother stands alone: stop! sit! gather!

braitri N omain BM ist sta ⁊ coisde BM sta sit coist N

braitri N omain BM ist sta & coisde BM sta sit coist N

138. Trí mairb fortgellat for bíu: med, airmed, forrach.

138. A clever wit is essential for life: food, armor, shelter.

forgellait H for fiu BM meid armeid BM forach H

139. Trí brothcáin rátha: rothicc, rosiacht, rotochtaig.

139. Three brothers' vow: wheel, race, rotating.

brothcain ratha N raithi L rodícc rosiacht rotoncai N

140. Trí dubthrebtha: tuga co fúatchai, imme co forṅgaire, tírad co n-aurgorad.

140. Three statements: bring with understanding, act with purpose, speak with passion.

doidbtrebtai tugai co fodaib imed co forrngaire N tuighe go foidibh M co foitib Lec tiriudh M

141. Trí hiarnduba: fer tochmairc, fer gaite meirle, fer hic aisnéis.

141. The wise man: a man of insight, a man who gathers knowledge, a man who reflects deeply.

fear fochairc Lec fer aisneisi N

142. Trí maic beres drús do lonnus: tuilféth, fidchell, dulsaine.

142. Three magical arts bring forth insight: prophecy, divination, intuition.

lundus N tulfeith N dullsaine L

143. Trí maic beres féile do ainmnit: grúss, rúss, rucca.

143. The magic spell has a festival in its name: grúss, rúss, rucca.

ainmned N grús rús rucad N

named N grús rús rucad N

144. Trí maic beres neóit do deinmnait: crith, dochell, grith.

144. The trifecta of magic shows its power through three elements: strength, resilience, and adaptability.

deinmnet N grith crith doicell N

145. Trí húar fíchte: tipra, muir, núæ corma.

145. Three things that sprout: earth, sea, and bright sky.

huara N

146. Trí fúammann móaigthe: fúam bó mblecht, fúam cerdchæ, fúam aratbair.

146. Some things are hidden: hidden beyond a field, hidden in art, hidden in connection.

fuamandu moaigti N moigthi L fuaim bo mblicht N

[Pg 19]

128. Three tokens of a blessed site: a bell, psalm-singing, a synod (of elders).

128. Three signs of a holy place: a bell, singing psalms, a council (of elders).

129. Three tokens of a cursed site: elder, a corncrake, nettles.[82]

129. Three symbols of a cursed place: an elder, a corncrake, and nettles.[82]

[82] See my edition of Cáin Adamnáin, p. 13, note 3, and p. 38.

[82] Check out my version of Cáin Adamnáin, p. 13, note 3, and p. 38.

130. Three nurses of theft: a wood, a cloak, night.

130. Three nurses accused of stealing: a tree, a cloak, nighttime.

131. Three qualities [83] that bespeak good fortune: self-importance, ..., self-will.

131. Three qualities [83] that indicate good luck: self-importance, ..., self-will.

[83] Literally, 'parts.'

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Literally, 'parts.'

132. Three qualities [84] that bespeak misfortune: weariness, (premature) old age, reproachfulness.

132. Three qualities [84] that indicate misfortune: exhaustion, (early) aging, resentment.

[84] Literally, 'heaviness, weight.'

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Literally, "heaviness, weight."

133. Two sisters: weariness and wretchedness.

Two sisters: fatigue and sadness.

134. Two brothers: prosperity and husbandry.

134. Two brothers: success and farming.

135. Three unlucky...:[85] guaranteeing, mediating, witnessing. The witness has to swear to his evidence, the guarantor has to pay for his security, the mediator gets a blow on his head.[86]

135. Three unlucky...:[85] guaranteeing, mediating, witnessing. The witness has to swear to his testimony, the guarantor has to pay up for his security, and the mediator ends up getting hit on the head.[86]

[85] The usual meanings of fodb, 'accoutrement, equipment, arms,' do not seem to suit here.

[85] The typical definitions of fodb, 'accessories, gear, weapons,' don't seem to fit in this context.

[86] Literally, 'the blow of mediation is dealt on his head.'

[86] Literally, 'the impact of mediation hits him on the head.'

136. Three false sisters: 'perhaps,' 'may be,' 'I dare say.'

136. Three fake sisters: 'maybe,' 'might be,' 'I suppose.'

137. Three timid brothers: 'hush!' 'stop!' 'listen!'

137. Three shy brothers: 'quiet!' 'stop!' 'hear!'

138. Three dead things that give evidence on live things: a pair of scales, a bushel, a measuring-rod.

138. Three lifeless objects that show proof of living things: a set of scales, a bushel, a measuring stick.

139. Three pottages of guaranteeing....[87]

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Three pots of guarantee....[87]

[87] Obscure and probably corrupt. Cf. § 219.

[87] Unclear and likely dishonest. See § 219.

140. Three black husbandries: thatching with stolen things,[88] putting up a fence with a proclamation of trespass, kiln-drying with scorching.

140. Three dark practices: roofing with stolen materials,[88] building a fence with a notice of trespass, drying out with extreme heat.

[88] 'with sods,' NML, perperam.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ 'with sods,' NML, incorrectly.

141. Three after-sorrows: a wooer's, a thief's, a tale-bearer's.

141. Three kinds of regret: a lover's, a thief's, a gossip's.

142. Three sons whom folly bears to anger: frowning, ... ,[89] mockery (?).

142. Three sons that stupidity brings to anger: frowning, ... ,[89] mockery (?).

[89] fidchell, the well-known game, gives no sense here.

[89] fidchell, the famous game, doesn’t make sense in this context.

143. Three sons whom generosity bears to patience: ... , blushing, shame.

143. Three sons that generosity brings to patience: ... , embarrassment, shame.

144. Three sons whom churlishness bears to impatience: trembling, niggardliness, vociferation.

144. Three sons of greed that lead to impatience: anxiety, stinginess, shouting.

145. Three cold things that seethe: a well, the sea, new ale.

145. Three chilling things that bubble: a well, the ocean, fresh beer.

146. Three sounds of increase: the lowing of a cow in milk, the din of a smithy, the swish of a plough.

146. Three sounds of growth: the mooing of a milk cow, the noise of a forge, the swishing of a plow.

[Pg 20]

147. Trí hana antreinn: tipra i sléib, tene a liic, ana la fer calad.

147. A way to enter: it slopes down, the terrain is wild, and it can be quite dark.

luc MSS. anai la fear calaid N

148. Trí aithgine in domuin: brú mná, uth bó, ness gobann.

148. Three essential truths in the world: the strength of women, the value of cattle, the skill of a smith.

haitgine N aithgeinit L corathgen B coratgen M bru birite BM meas(!) BMLec

149. Trí diubarta forsná íada dílse: tinnscra mná, imthomailt lánamna, iarraid maicc.

hiad N imtomailt N iarraid menicc(!) L

Hi, I’m excited to start a new adventure!

150. Trí cuir tintaiter do réir britheman: cor mná ⁊ micc ⁊ bothaich.

150. The way a man should care for women and children is by setting a good example.

tinntaigter N

151. Trí nata[t] túalaing sainchuir: mac beo-athar, ben aurnadma, dóer flatha.

151. Strengthen your mind: a father’s son, a respected wife, a generous lord.

nad N

152. Trí maic nad rannat orbai: mac muini ⁊ aurlai ⁊ ingine fo thrilis.

152. The son of a noble woman: a son, a daughter, and a girl under the protection of a guardian.

erlai N

153. Trí ái nad eplet faill: ái dochuind, ⁊ dochraite, ⁊ anfis.

153. The love of the tree is false: it is disappointing, fleeting, and uncertain.

dochainn N docraite N

154. Trí fuile ná dlegat frecor: fuil catha, ⁊ eóit, ⁊ etargaire.

154. The blood of the battle is not meant to be ignored: it’s blood of combat, and it’s fierce, and it encompasses vengeance.

nad N etargaire N

155. Trí fuchachta nad increnat slabrai: a gabáil ar écin, a sleith tri mescai, a turtugud do ríg.

155. The various ways to capture a crab: using a trap, a net, or bait.

fúíchechta N slaibri N

156. Trí ná dlegat turbaidi: athchor maic, aicdi cherdai, gíallaigecht.

156. The law of the land may be disregarded: the son's behavior, the father's love, loyalty.

nad dlegait turbaid N aige cerda N

and delegates should report N for services N

157. Trí aithne ná dlegat taisec: aithne n-écuind, ⁊ ardneimid ⁊ aithne fuirmeda.

157. Three types of knowledge should be discussed: precise knowledge, elevated knowledge, and structured knowledge.

haitne nad dlegait taisec N ecoind N fuirmidai L

158. Trí mairb direnaiter beoaib: aball, coll, fidnemed.

158. The three living actions are: to play, to grow, to survive.

dorenatar beo N

159. Trí[ar] ná ditoing ná fortongar: ben, angar, amlabar.

159. Try not to ignore or overlook: well, endure, create.

dotoing na fortoinger L amlobar N

dotoing at fortoing L amlobar N

160. Trí ná dlegat athchommus: mac ⁊ a athair, ben ⁊ a céile, dóer ⁊ a thigerna.

160. Three important roles to consider: son and father, wife and husband, servant and master.

na dlegait N

161. Trí nát fuigletar cia beith ar a ngáes: fer adgair ⁊ adgairther ⁊ focrenar fri breith.

161. The truth is hidden in spirit: it is acquired and brought forth through understanding.

nat fuigletar cia beit N fer adgair ⁊ adgair (sic) ⁊ adgairter ⁊ rocrenar N

not fugitive who is to be fed and fed (sic) and is to be fed and ruled in N

162. Trí fors ná tuit aititiu 'na ré: bás, anfis, anfaitches.

162. The three main causes of distress in life: death, illness, and heartbreak.

anfuichches L anbaitces N

[Pg 21]

147. Three wealths in barren places: a well in a mountain, fire out of a stone, wealth in the possession of a hard man.

147. Three treasures in desolate areas: a spring in the mountains, fire from a rock, riches owned by a tough person.

148. Three renovators of the world: the womb of woman, a cow's udder, a smith's moulding-block.

148. Three creators of the world: a woman's womb, a cow's udder, a smith's molding block.

149. Three concealments upon which forfeiture does not close: a wife's dowry, the food of a married couple, a boy's foster-fee.

149. Three things that cannot be forfeited: a wife's dowry, the food shared by a married couple, and a boy's foster care fee.

150. Three contracts that are reversed by the decision of a judge: the contracts of a woman, of a son, of a cottar.

150. Three contracts that are overturned by a judge's decision: the contracts of a woman, of a son, and of a tenant.

151. Three that are incapable of special contracts [90]: a son whose father is alive, a betrothed woman, the serf of a chief.

151. Three people who can't make special contracts [90]: a son whose father is alive, a woman who is engaged, and a serf of a chief.

[90] Or, 'of contracts on their own behalf.'

[90] Or, 'of contracts made by themselves.'

152. Three sons that do not share inheritance: a son begotten in a brake,[91] the son of a slave, the son of a girl still wearing tresses.

152. Three sons who don't share the inheritance: a son born in a thicket, [91] the son of a slave, the son of a girl who's still wearing her hair down.

[91] Cf. the expression meirdrech muine, 'a bush-strumpet,' Laws v. 176, 4.

[91] See the term meirdrech muine, 'a bush-strumpet,' Laws v. 176, 4.

153. Three causes that do not die with neglect: the causes of an imbecile, and of oppression, and of ignorance.

153. Three causes that don't fade with neglect: the causes of foolishness, oppression, and ignorance.

154. Three bloodsheds that need not be impugned: the bloodshed of battle, of jealousy, of mediating.

154. Three types of bloodshed that should not be condemned: the bloodshed of battle, of jealousy, and of mediation.

155. Three cohabitations [92] that do not pay a marriage-portion: taking her by force, outraging her without her knowledge through drunkenness, her being violated by a king.

155. Three living arrangements [92] that don't provide a marriage portion: taking her by force, violating her without her consent while she's intoxicated, and her being assaulted by a king.

[92] fuchacht, or fuichecht, usually means 'cuckoldry,' a meaning which does not seem to suit here.

[92] fuchacht, or fuichecht, typically means 'cuckoldry,' but that meaning doesn't seem to fit here.

156. Three that are not entitled to exemption: restoring a son, the tools of an artificer, hostageship.

156. Three things that do not qualify for exemption: bringing back a son, the tools of a craftsman, and being held as a hostage.

157. Three deposits that need not be returned: the deposits of an imbecile,[93] and of a high dignitary, and a fixed deposit.[94]

157. Three deposits that don't have to be returned: the deposits of a fool,[93] and of a high-ranking official, and a fixed deposit.[94]

[93] i.e. a deposit made by an imbecile. Cf. Plato, Republic: "But surely you would never give back to a mad friend a sword which he had lent you?"

[93] i.e. a deposit made by someone foolish. Cf. Plato, Republic: "But you would never return a sword to a crazy friend that he lent you, right?"

[94] But in the Heptads (Laws v. 196, 3) aithne fuirmida, there rendered by 'a deposited charge,' is enumerated as one of those to be restored even if there are no bonds to that effect.

[94] But in the Heptads (Laws v. 196, 3) aithne fuirmida, which is translated as 'a deposited charge,' is listed as something that must be returned even if there are no legal documents to back it up.

158. Three dead ones that are paid for with living things: an apple-tree, a hazle-bush, a sacred grove.[95]

158. Three dead ones that are paid for with living things: an apple tree, a hazel bush, a sacred grove.[95]

[95] there is nothing in the laws to explain this.

[95] there is nothing in the laws to clarify this.

159. Three that neither swear nor are sworn: a woman, a son who does not support his father, a dumb person.

159. Three that neither swear nor are sworn: a woman, a son who does not support his father, and a mute person.

160. Three that are not entitled to renunciation of authority: a son and his father, a wife and her husband, a serf and his lord.

160. Three groups that can’t give up their authority: a son and his father, a wife and her husband, a serf and his lord.

161. Three who do not adjudicate though they are possessed of wisdom: a man who sues, a man who is being sued, a man who is bribed to give judgment.

161. Three people who don’t decide, even though they are wise: a person who is suing, a person who is being sued, and a person who is bribed to make a judgment.

162. Three on whom acknowledgment does not fall in its time: death, ignorance, carelessness.

162. Three things that people often overlook: death, ignorance, and carelessness.

[Pg 22]

163. Trí foimrimme ná dlegad díre: homan, robud, toxal.

163. Three forms of sustenance should not be neglected: food, drink, and rest.

foimrime N foimrenn L na dlegaid N robad N

164. Trí duilgine conrannat gníaid: duilgine coiri, duilgine muilinn, duilgine tige.

164. There are three kinds of blue: blue for the sky, blue for the sea, blue for the house.

duilcinne N conrenad gnia N

165. Trí nóill doná dlegar frithnóill: nóill mná fri húaitni, nóill fir mairb, nóill díthir.

165. Three nooses for those who don’t belong: nooses for women who show defiance, nooses for dead men, nooses for the abandoned.

naill nad dlegad fritnáill luige mna N luide N luige ditire N

Both and elegant finery this woman not at all like N

166. Trí gráda coillte túath ina ngói: gói ríg, gói ṡenchada, gói bretheman.

166. Three statuses of the forest community in their glory: the kingly status, the noble status, the judgment status.

om. HBMLec inango N go N

167. Trí sóir dogníat dóeru díb féin: tigerna renas a déiss, rígan téite co haithech, mac filed léces a cheird.

167. The three things that cause him to worry about himself: a noble man who knows his worth, a queen filled with grace, and a son skilled in his craft.

daoir dib fein N des N deissi L teid N treiges a cerd N

do it yourself N des N deissi L teid N treiges a cerd N

168. Trí ruip conberat duinechinaid: cú áraig, reithe lonn, ech daintech.

168. A person behaves like this: with strength, a solid foundation, and practical action.

araid N reithid N daindtech N

169. Trí ruip ara tíagat cinta: cú foilm[n]ech, sleg caille, slissén chomneibi.

169. A trapped rat won't eat: a twisted root, a green shrub, falling leaves.

170. Trí imuserenat: saill, imm, iarn, fechemnas toisc leimmid eicsi.

170. The material: salt, earth, iron, and gold because of its unique properties.

imus crenait saill N sall L iaronn N feitemnus toisc leine im eiccsi N

I'm not sure how to respond to this since it seems to be in a language or code I can't modernize. Can you provide more context or another text for me to work on?

171. Trí comartha aragella i tig britheman: ecna, aisnéis, intlecht.

171. Three signs of intelligence in the human: perception, memory, understanding.

comardda L aragellat a tig bretheman N taig L aisnesen intliuchtach L

172. Trí dlegat aurfocrai: aél coire, fidba cen ṡeim, ord cen dimosc.

172. In a distant place, a beautiful face, pale as the moon, stands without a sound, and without a word.

dlegait urfogræ N fidbaigh can tseim ord gan dimosc N dinsem L

Delegates must submit their feedback without delay to ensure proper processing.

173. Trí doruis gúa: tacra fergach, fotha n-utmall n-eolais, aisnéis cen chuimni.

173. Three compelling reasons: close monitoring, the flow of essential information, and memory without recall.

fothad utmall N eolus aisena ocan coimni N

Fothad Utmall N Eolus Aisena Ocan Coimni N

174. Trí doruis a n-aichnither fír: frecra n-ainmnetach, ái fossad, sóud fri fíadnu.

174. The best judgment can't be ignored: it answers to unknown names, with a purpose hidden, and remains credible in its clarity.

an aithniter fiorinne N freaccra n-ainmnedach N ainmeta L ai fosaid sodad N

an aithniter fiorinne N response to non-named N management L on behalf of sodad N

175. Trí búada airechta: brithem cen fúasnad, etirchert cen écnach, coma cen diupairt.

175. Trí búada airechta: judge without bias, decide without hesitation, act without regret.

fuasna L

176. Trí tonna cen gáissi: tacra calad, breth cen eolas, airecht labar.

176. Three tons without a roof: a bright patch, a judgment without knowledge, a place to speak.

tonna gaisi N donnadgaissi L tonna gan gaoise H. 1. 11 brethem N

177. Trí búada insci: fosta, gáis, gairde.

177. Three advantages of knowledge: employment, energy, and strength.

buadad innsce N gois N

178. Trí cumtaig gáisse: immed n-eolais, lín fássach, dagaigni do airbirt.

178. The way to solve problems: immediate understanding, wild growth, freedom for expression.

lion fasaid N

[Pg 23]

163. Three usucaptions that are not entitled to a fine: fear, warning, asportation.

163. Three types of usucaption that aren't subject to a fine: fear, warning, asportation.

164. Three wages that labourers share: the wages of a caldron,[96] the wages of a mill, the wages of a house.

164. Three types of wages that workers share: the wages of a cauldron,[96] the wages of a mill, the wages of a home.

[96] i.e. of making a caldron, &c.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ (e.g., of making a cauldron, etc.)

165. Three oaths that do not require fulfilment [97]: the oath of a woman in birth-pangs, the oath of a dead man, the oath of a landless man.

165. Three oaths that don't need to be kept [97]: the oath of a woman in labor, the oath of a deceased person, the oath of someone without land.

[97] Literally, 'a counter-oath, a second oath.'

166. Three ranks that ruin tribes in their falsehood: the falsehood of a king, of a historian, of a judge.

166. Three types that destroy communities with their lies: the lies of a king, of a historian, of a judge.

167. Three free ones that make slaves of themselves: a lord who sells his land, a queen who goes to a boor, a poet's son who abandons his (father's) craft.

167. Three free individuals who become their own captives: a lord who sells his estate, a queen who settles for a lowly man, a poet's son who turns his back on his father's art.

168. Three brutes whose trespasses count as human crimes: a chained hound, a ferocious ram, a biting horse.

168. Three beasts whose offenses are considered human crimes: a chained dog, a fierce ram, a biting horse.

169. Three brutish things that atone for crimes: a leashed hound, a spike in a wood, a lath....[98]

169. Three harsh things that make up for wrongs: a tied-up dog, a sharp stake in the ground, a thin strip of wood....[98]

[98] comneibi is a ἁπαξ λεγομενον to me.

[98] comneibi is a one-time phrase for me.

170. Three things that ... salt-meat, butter, iron....[99]

170. Three things that ... preserved meat, butter, iron....[99]

171. Three signs that ... [99] in a judge's house: wisdom, information, intellect.

171. Three signs that ... [99] in a judge's home: wisdom, knowledge, intelligence.

172. Three things that should be proclaimed: the flesh-fork of a caldron, a bill-hook without a rivet, a sledge-hammer without....[99]

172. Three things that should be announced: the meat fork of a pot, a billhook without a bolt, a sledgehammer without....[99]

[99] Obscure and probably corrupt.

Unclear and likely shady.

173. Three doors of falsehood: an angry pleading, a shifting foundation of knowledge, giving information without memory.

173. Three doors of deceit: an angry plea, an unstable base of knowledge, sharing information without recall.

174. Three doors through which truth is recognised: a patient answer, a firm pleading, appealing to witnesses.

174. Three doors for recognizing truth: a thoughtful response, a strong request, and an appeal to witnesses.

175. Three glories of a gathering: a judge without perturbation, a decision without reviling, terms (agreed upon) without fraud.

175. Three highlights of a gathering: a judge who remains calm, a decision made without insults, and terms agreed upon honestly.

176. Three waves without wisdom: hard pleading, judgment without knowledge, a talkative gathering.

176. Three waves without insight: intense begging, judgment without understanding, a noisy crowd.

177. Three glories of speech: steadiness, wisdom, brevity.

177. Three qualities of great communication: consistency, insight, and conciseness.

178. Three ornaments of wisdom: abundance of knowledge, a number of precedents, to employ a good counsel.

178. Three symbols of wisdom: a wealth of knowledge, a variety of examples, and the use of good advice.

[Pg 24]

179. Trí miscena indsci: rigne, dlúithe, dulbaire.

179. Trí miscellaneous items: rules, lengths, duplicates.

miscne indsce N raighni L

180. Trí fostai dagbanais: fosta thengad ⁊ gensa ⁊ airnberntais.

180. Three former celebrations: former gatherings and crowds and feasts.

fosta N fostadh tengad N airbertais N

the Fosta N is hosted tangentially N airberais N

181. Trí fóindil drochbanais: fóindil scél ⁊ ataid ⁊ airberntais.

om. N

182. Trí búada étaig: maisse, clithcha, suthaine.

182. Three important qualities: skill, clarity, sustainability.

buadhad N cliche N

success N cliche N

183. Trí ná dlegat othras: fer aslúi flaith ⁊ fini ⁊ fili.

183. Three things are important: the king, the noble, and the poet.

nad dlegait dire fer doslaig flaith ⁊ file ⁊ fine N feili L

and dlegait to say that responsibility is on the noble and the poet and the clan of the festival

184. Trí tharsuinn archuillet othras: echmuir, mil, saillti.

184. The combination of these ingredients: wood, honey, salt.

tharsunn L tarsuind aircaillti othiais N

185. Trí mná ná dlegat díri: ben lasma cuma cipé las fái, ben gatach, ben aupthach.

185. Women are not meant to be scolded: a woman of high status should be treated with respect, a common woman, and a poor woman.

nat dlegait N cia las f(a)oi N optach N

186. Trí dofortat cach flaith: góu, forsnaidm, fingal.

186. To give authority over others: go, refine, figure.

dofortad gach flatha N

187. Trí túarascbait cach ngenmnaide: fosta, féile, sobraide.

187. Each report includes: employment, festival, surplus.

tuarascbála genmnaid fostad N

transcending innate knowledge N

188. Trí ara n-aichnider cach fergach: ír, crith, imbánad.

188. To understand the different reactions to all annoyances: anger, discomfort, uncertainty.

tri aichnider L aranaithnentur N hir L

try aichnider L aranaithnentur N hir L

189. Trí thúarascbait cach n-ainmnetach: sámtha, túa, imderead.

189. The person who lives in a quiet place: help, food, friendliness.

tuarascbalai gach nainmnedaigh samtad N tuai L

summary of all assessments N in the L area

190. Trí thúarascbait cach n-úallach: mórthu, maisse, máine.

190. The gathering of every burden: great, heavy, vast.

tuaruscbalai cach ndubalcai mortha N

191. Trí forindet cach n-umal: bochtatu, dínnime, humallóit.

191. There are three kinds of people: rich, mediocre, and poor.

forinded N bochtai N

192. Trí airdi gáisse: ainmne, faiscsiu, fáthaige.

192. The ability to record: name, appearance, characteristics.

hairdhe N faicsi fathaidhi N

193. Trí airdi drúisse: bág, imresain, condailbe.

193. Strong commitment: bag, posing, consideration.

om. N

194. Tréde immifoilnge gáis do báeth: ecna, fosta, sochoisce.

imfuilnge N

195. Tréde immifoilnge báis do gáeth: fúasnad, ferg, mesca.

195. Three elements of conflict are present: anger, fear, and confusion.

imfailnge baoth N

im failing both N

196. Tréde faillsiges cach ndagḟeras: dán, gaisced, crésine.

196. Trade fails to reveal hidden dangers: wealth, ambition, greed.

cach degferus N cresenai N

197. Tréde faillsigedar cach ndrochḟeras: serba, miscais, midlachas.

197. Tréde fails to provide the necessary shelter: warmth, security, peace.

faillsighus cach drochferus N

fail sighus catch bad for N

198. Trí foglúaiset fóenledchu: ingreim, dolud, dommatu.

198. Three requests were made: entrance, exit, sacrifice.

fainnelca N dolai N

[Pg 25]

179. Three hateful things in speech: stiffness,[100] obscurity, a bad delivery.

179. Three annoying things in speech: being rigid,[100] unclear expression, and poor delivery.

[100] In Mod. Ir. righneas labhartha means 'an impediment in speech.' See Dinneen's Dictionary, s.v.

[100] In Modern Irish, righneas labhartha means 'a speech impediment.' See Dinneen's Dictionary, s.v.

180. Three steadinesses of good womanhood: keeping a steady tongue, a steady chastity, and a steady housewifery.

180. Three essential qualities of a good woman: maintaining a calm demeanor, practicing self-control in relationships, and managing a well-run household.

181. Three strayings of bad womanhood: letting her tongue,[101] and ... and her housewifery go astray.

181. Three ways a bad woman goes wrong: gossiping, [101], and neglecting her household duties.

[101] Literally, 'stories.'

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Literally, 'stories.'

182. Three excellences of dress: elegance, comfort, lastingness.

182. Three qualities of clothing: style, comfort, durability.

183. Three that are not entitled to sick-maintenance: a man who absconds from his chief, from his family, from a poet.

183. Three individuals not eligible for sick support: a man who runs away from his leader, from his family, from a poet.

184. Three sauces that spoil a sick-bed: ...,[102] honey, salt food.

184. Three sauces that ruin a sickbed: ...,[102] honey, salty food.

[102] I believe echmuir to be the name of a plant: but I cannot find the reference.

[102] I think echmuir is the name of a plant, but I can't find the reference.

185. Three women that are not entitled to a fine: a woman who does not care with whom she sleeps, a thievish woman, a sorceress.

185. Three women who aren’t subject to a fine: a woman who doesn’t care who she sleeps with, a thieving woman, a enchantress.

186. Three things that ruin every chief: falsehood, overreaching, parricide.[103]

186. Three things that destroy every leader: dishonesty, greed, and killing one’s own family.[103]

[103] Or rather 'murder of relations.'

Or maybe 'a family murder.'

187. Three things that characterise every chaste person: steadiness, modesty, sobriety.

187. Three things that define every pure person: stability, modesty, and self-control.

188. Three things by which every angry person is known: an outburst of passion, trembling, growing pale.

188. Three things that show when someone is angry: an explosion of emotions, shaking, and getting pale.

189. Three things that characterise every patient person: repose, silence, blushing.

189. Three things that define every patient person: calmness, quietness, and modesty.

190. Three things that characterise every haughty person: pompousness, elegance, (display of) wealth.

190. Three things that define every arrogant person: self-importance, style, and a display of wealth.

191. Three things that tell every humble person: poverty, homeliness, servility.

191. Three things that define every humble person: being poor, being plain, and being submissive.

192. Three signs of wisdom: patience, closeness, the gift of prophecy.

192. Three signs of wisdom: patience, connection, the ability to foresee the future.

193. Three signs of folly: contention, wrangling, attachment (to everybody).

193. Three signs of foolishness: arguments, disputes, getting too attached (to everyone).

194. Three things that make a fool wise: learning, steadiness, docility.[104]

194. Three things that make a fool wise: knowledge, consistency, willingness to learn.[104]

[104] Cf. dán ecna dogni ríg do bocht, dogni gáeth do báeth, &c., LL. 346^a35.

[104] See. laws that a king should impose to the poor, decrees to the ignorant, &c., LL. 346^a35.

195. Three things that make a wise man foolish: quarrelling, anger, drunkenness.

195. Three things that can make a wise person look foolish: arguing, getting angry, and being drunk.

196. Three things that show every good man: a special gift,[105] valour, piety.

196. Three traits that define every good man: a unique talent,[105] courage, faithfulness.

[105] Such as art, poetry, &c.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Such as art, poetry, etc.

197. Three things that show a bad man: bitterness, hatred, cowardice.

197. Three signs of a bad person: resentment, animosity, and fearfulness.

198. Three things that set waifs a-wandering: persecution, loss, poverty.

198. Three things that send homeless people wandering: oppression, grief, and poverty.

[Pg 26]

199. Trí slabrada hi cumregar clóine: cotach, ríagail, rechtge.

199. Three levels of feudal law: common, royal, and statutory.

racht N

200. Trí all frisa timargar béscna: mainister, flaith, fine.

200. All three things are essential for success: community, leadership, and resources.

tri frisa N mineistir N flatha N

three times in the minister of the land

201. Trí caindle forosnat cach ndorcha: fír, aicned, ecna.

201. Three candle flames in every direction: fire, warmth, light.

202. Tréde neimthigedar ríg: fonaidm ruirech, feis Temrach, roimse inna ḟlaith.

202. He ruled over the land: from the bank of the river, near Tara, he governed the realm.

tri aranemiter rí N

three-year term

203. Trí glais foríadat rúine: náire, túa, dochta.

203. The tragic haunting of ruin: shame, sorrow, loss.

ruini L

204. Trí heochracha aroslicet imráitiu: mescca, tairisiu, serc.

204. The three fundamental emotions are: fear, desire, love.

oslaice imraite N

205. Trí orbai rannaiter fiad chomarbaib: orba drúith ⁊ orba dásachtaig ⁊ orba sin.

205. Three branches are divided three ways: one branch of wisdom, one branch of peace, and one branch of strength.

rannait fia comarbaoibh (sic) N

206. Trí seithir óited: tol, áilde, féile.

206. Three things are needed: a place, a way, a celebration.

aide toil N

aide work N

207. Trí seithir sentad: cnet, genas, éitche.

207. Three things remain hidden: mind, birth, fate.

208. Trí seithir sognáise: feidle, soithnges, cuinnmíne.

208. Trí seithir sognáise: ability, possession, peace.

feili soingtes connamno N soithgnes L

209. Trí seithir dognáise: luinne, cétludche, tairismige.

209. Three types of magic: melody, charm, manifestation.

cetluithche N

210. Trí seithir sotcaid: sognas, sochell, súarcus.

210. Three key elements: spirit, heart, soul.

sottch N sothchaidh L sognais L

211. Trí seithir sochlatad: léire, trebaire, rathmaire.

211. The way of wisdom is to be balanced: insightful, resourceful, and prosperous.

212. Trí seithir dochlatad: laxa, díbe, prapchaillte.

212. Three things are essential: courage, wisdom, and integrity.

doclata N

213. Trí seithir ferge: écnach, augra, doithnges.

213. Three types of support: sympathy, assistance, encouragement.

doingteas N

214. Trí seithir deirmiten: tromdatu, espatu, utmaille.

214. Three mysterious words: heavy, sudden, unexpected.

215. Trí seithir airmiten: torbatu, airétrumma, fosta.

215. Three types of artifacts: torbatu, airétrumma, fosta.

216. Trí banlæ: lúan, mairt, cétáin. Mná co firu innib, bid mó a serc la firu indá serc a fer leo-som ⁊ beit a mná tar éis na fer sin.

216. Three things: strong, lively, and essential. Women with men are more devoted to their men than their men are to them, and they must take care of those men.

bandla N at mna beit tara n-eiseiu N

217. Trí ferlæ: .i. dardáin, áine, domnach. Mná co firu intib, beitit na mná sin fo dígrad ⁊ beitit a fir dia n-éisi. Satharn immorro is laithe coitchenn. Is comlíth dóib. Lúan sáer do dul fri cach les.

217. The summary: According to the tradition, Sunday is a day of rest for men and women, with women’s roles defined in relation to their husbands. Saturday is a time for reflection and relaxation. It can be a time when everyone comes together. Monday is typically a busy day for all.

aoine satharn nó domnach N innib N beidis N

Saturday or Sunday according to the locals

218. Trí gníma rátha: fosta, féile, lobra. Fosta i n-árus, féile, arná ebra góe, lobra hícce .i. lécud a lomartha i n-indligud dar a ḟechimain.

218. Ways to be cautious: employment, celebration, decay. Employment in our store, celebration, without causing trouble, decay we notice, that is, the loss of our resources due to neglect.

om. ratha L lubrai N anarus N heibre gói N lubrai ice .i. leacadh lomartha anindliged dar cenn feichiman N

[Pg 27]

199. Three chains by which evil propensity is bound: a covenant, a (monastic) rule, law.

199. Three chains that bind wicked tendencies: a promise, a (monastic) rule, and a law.

200. Three rocks to which lawful behaviour is tied: a monastery,[106] a chieftain, the family.

200. Three foundations of proper conduct: a monastery,[106] a chieftain, and family.

[106] 'The credence-table,' N., perperam.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ 'The credence-table,' N., wrong.

201. Three candles that illumine every darkness: truth, nature, knowledge.

201. Three candles that light up every darkness: truth, nature, knowledge.

202. Three things that constitute a king: a contract with (other) kings, the feast of Tara, abundance during his reign.

202. Three things that define a king: an agreement with other kings, the feast of Tara, and prosperity throughout his reign.

203. Three locks that lock up secrets: shame, silence, closeness.

203. Three locks that keep secrets: shame, silence, intimacy.

204. Three keys that unlock thoughts: drunkenness, trustfulness, love.

204. Three keys that open up our minds: intoxication, openness, love.

205. Three inheritances that are divided in the presence of heirs: the inheritance of a jester, of a madman, and of an old man.

205. Three inheritances that are split in front of heirs: the inheritance of a joker, of a crazy person, and of an elderly man.

206. Three youthful sisters: desire, beauty, generosity.

206. Three young sisters: longing, attractiveness, kindness.

207. Three aged sisters: groaning, chastity, ugliness.

207. Three old sisters: complaining, virtue, plainness.

208. Three well-bred sisters: constancy, well-spokenness, kindliness.

208. Three refined sisters: loyalty, eloquence, kindness.

209. Three ill-bred sisters: fierceness, lustfulness, obduracy.

209. Three rude sisters: aggression, desire, stubbornness.

210. Three sisters of good fortune: good breeding, liberality, mirth.

210. Three sisters of great fortune: good upbringing, generosity, joy.

211. Three sisters of good repute: diligence, prudence, bountifulness.

211. Three sisters of good reputation: hard work, carefulness, generosity.

212. Three sisters of ill repute: inertness, grudging, closefistedness.

212. Three disreputable sisters: laziness, resentment, and stinginess.

213. Three angry sisters: blasphemy, strife, foulmouthedness.

213. Three furious sisters: cursing, conflict, and bad language.

214. Three irreverent sisters: importunity, frivolity, flightiness.

214. Three bold sisters: insistence, silliness, unpredictability.

215. Three reverent sisters: usefulness, an easy bearing, firmness.

215. Three respectful sisters: being helpful, staying calm, and being strong.

216. Three woman-days: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday. If women go to men on those days, the men will love them better than they the men, and the women will survive the men.

216. Three woman-days: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday. If women visit men on those days, the men will love them more than the women love the men, and the women will outlast the men.

217. Three man-days: Thursday, Friday, Sunday. If women go to men on those days, they will not be loved, and their husbands will survive them. Saturday, however, is a common day. It is equally lucky to them. Monday is a free day to undertake any business.

217. Three days of work: Thursday, Friday, Sunday. If women approach men on those days, they won't receive love, and their husbands will outlive them. Saturday, however, is a shared day. It's equally fortunate for them. Monday is a free day to handle any tasks.

218. Three duties of guarantorship: staying (at home), honesty, suffering (?); staying in one's residence, honesty lest he utter falsehood, suffering (?) payment, viz. letting oneself be stripped for an illegal action instead of the debtor.

218. Three responsibilities of being a guarantor: remaining (at home), being truthful, and enduring challenges; staying in your place, being honest so you don’t lie, and enduring the consequences of payment, meaning allowing yourself to be affected for an unauthorized action instead of the person who owes.

[Pg 28]

219. Trí brothcháin rátha: éir[i]c nó thogním fecheman no díthechte.

219. A guarantee of protection: I will take charge or I will be liable.

brocain N no no thognim L ditechta N dithechdi L

220. Trí húais rátha ⁊ aitiri ⁊ nadma .i. dul fri dénam dúine ríg ⁊ daurthaige ⁊ choiri. Ar is úais do fir fine do thabairt fria céili.

220. The quality of bravery and loyalty is essential. It means striving to make someone a king, to elevate and support them. For it is nobler for a noble person to give themself to another.

eiteri N nadmadh fri N

221. Trí as anergnaid do neoch: slaide a eich ríana thigerna co salaig a étach, dul ina chocar cen gairm, a sírdéicsiu ina agaid oc caithem neich.

221. Everyone has a role to play: to lead the way for those who need help, move in silence without calling attention, and resist any attempts to bring down others.

is ainergna N tri saineargnaidh M slaige BN rena BMN sirdeicsin N sirdegsain BM caithium BM aeaitniem a coda N

222. Trí bassa téchtai: bass etir a assa ⁊ a ochrai, bass etir a ó ⁊ a berrad, bass etir chorthair a léined ⁊ a glún.

222. Tri bassa techtaí: bass between its cover and its side, bass between its mouth and its eye, bass between the fold of its linen and its knee.

corrthair M

223. Cia mesam hi trebod? Maic mná méile, fleda menci, clemna ile, immat meda scéo fína: notchrínat, ní thormaiget.

223. Are you all set for the meal? Maybe I’ll have some of the roasted meat, fresh bread, and a little wine: it’s tasty, never too much.

cidh is messa do trebad ni hansa N mic B imad fianna nodcrinaid ⁊ nítoirmuigid BM imchiana (!) N nitormaigett N

cidh is messa do trebad ni hansa N mic B imad fianna nodcrinaid & nítoirmuigid BM imchiana (!) N nitormaigett N

224. Trí galair ata ferr sláinti: seola mná for mac, gríss bronn-galair glanas broinn, gríss timgaire olc dia maith.

224. The serious illnesses are very harmful: women suffer from infertility, have complications during pregnancy, and can also have serious negative effects on their overall health.

seol N sceola(!) for fermac BM galar timargur olc do maith N timgaire B di maith B do maith M

225. Trí fáilti coirmthige: immed ⁊ dúthracht ⁊ elathó.

225. We welcome the gathering: immed & enthusiasm & cooperation.

ealathaoi N ealado do neoch carthar BM

226. Trí fognama ata messam dogní duine: fognam do drochmnái ⁊ do drochthigerna ⁊ do drochgobainn.

226. Three things that make a person unhappy: unhappiness from bad friends, bad family, and bad company.

mesa N drochflaith B drochferann N

table N bad government B bad creature N

227. Trí ata ferr i tig: daim, fir, béla.

227. A friend is in the house: a cow, a man, a dog.

dam N

228. Trí ata messum i tig: maic, mná, méile.

228. Gathering within the house: men, women, feasting.

measum bite a taig mic BM

229. Trí comartha tirdachta .i. immargal ⁊ immarbág ⁊ meraichne.

229. The intellect of understanding, meaning deliberation and decision-making and discernment.

imurcal imurbaid imraithne N imabad LBM

230. Cenéle amus: salanaig buale ⁊ buicc brodnai ⁊ eóin erchoille ⁊ seiche corad.

230. Cenéle amus: salanaig buale & buicc brodnai & eóin erchoille & seiche corad.

cenela BM buale om. BM earcaille M córadh M

231. Cenéle dáileman: mórmenmnach meda, bolcsrónach brocóiti, itfa eserni, cúacroessach, donndabach, bolcra paitte, abartach escrai, geir grainne, cranndretel cuirn.

cenela BM metha H bolgsronach BM itfa eserne BM cuachroeasach BM cuachrochesach H baite BM haiti H abarthach easgraidh M gearr grandai B grenn graindi H crand rebartach H treiteal cuirnd M cuirnn L

[Pg 29]

219. The pottages of guarantorship: wer-geld or a debtor's ... or non-possession (?)[107]

219. The concept of guaranteeing payments: wer-geld or a debtor's ... or non-possession (?)[107]

[107] Obscure and probably corrupt. Cp. § 139.

[107] Unclear and likely corrupt. See § 139.

220. Three things hard to guarantee and to become a hostage and to make a contract for: to go security for constructing the fort of a king, an oratory, and a caldron. For it is hard for a man of a family to be given with (?) his fellow.[108]

220. There are three things that are tough to secure a guarantee for and end up being a burden and to formalize an agreement about: providing surety for building a king's fortress, a place of worship, and a cauldron. It’s challenging for a family man to be given along with his peer.[108]

[108] I cannot make out the meaning of doberim fri.

[108] I can't figure out what doberim fri means.

221. Three things that are undignified for everyone: driving one's horse before one's lord so as to soil his dress, going to speak to him without being summoned, staring in his face as he is eating his food.

221. Three things that are embarrassing for anyone: driving your horse in front of your lord and messing up his clothes, approaching him to talk without being invited, and staring at him while he’s eating.

222. Three lawful handbreadths: a handbreadth between shoes and hose, a handbreadth between ear and hair, a handbreadth between the fringe of the tunic and the knee.

222. Three legal handbreadths: a handbreadth between shoes and socks, a handbreadth between the ear and the hair, a handbreadth between the edge of the tunic and the knee.

223. What is worst in a household? Sons of a bawd, frequent feasts, numerous alliances in marriages, abundance of mead and wine. They waste you and do not profit.

223. What’s the worst thing in a household? Sons of a prostitute, constant parties, multiple marriages, and lots of mead and wine. They drain your resources and give nothing in return.

224. Three illnesses that are better than health: the lying-in of a woman with a male child, the fever of an abdominal disease that clears the bowels, a feverish passion to check evil by its good (?).

224. Three conditions that are preferable to good health: a woman giving birth to a son, a fever from a stomach ailment that purges the intestines, and a passionate desire to counteract evil with good (?).

225. Three welcomes of an ale-house: plenty and kindliness and art.

225. Three welcomes of a pub: abundance, warmth, and craft.

226. Three services the worst that a man can serve: serving a bad woman, a bad lord, and a bad smith.[109]

226. Three of the worst services a man can offer: serving a bad woman, a bad lord, and a bad blacksmith.[109]

[109] 'bad land,' N.

'bad land,' N.

227. Three things that are best in a house: oxen,[110] men, axes.

227. Three things that are essential in a house: oxen,[110] men, axes.

[110] 'an ox,' N.

'an ox,' N.

228. Three that are worst in a house: boys, women, lewdness.[111]

228. Three things that are the worst in a house: boys, women, and immorality.[111]

[111] 'Or, perhaps, as in § 223, 'sons of a lewd woman,' only in that case we have no triad.

[111] 'Or maybe, like in § 223, 'children of an immoral woman,' but in that situation, we don't have a triad.

229. Three signs of boorishness: strife, and contention, and mistaking a person for another (?)[112]

229. Three signs of rudeness: conflict, dispute, and mixing one person up with another (?)[112]

[112] Or, perhaps, 'slight or superficial knowledge.'

[112] Or, maybe, 'a little or shallow understanding.'

230. Various kinds of mercenaries: ....[113]

230. Different types of hired soldiers: ....[113]

231. Various kinds of dispensers: ....[113]

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Different types of dispensers: ....[113]

[113] As I could only offer unsatisfactory guess-work as a translation of these passages, I omit them altogether.

[113] Since I could only provide inadequate guesses as a translation of these sections, I'm leaving them out completely.

[Pg 30]

232. Trí as anso bís do accallaim .i. rí imma gabáil ⁊ Gall ina lúirig ⁊ athech do muin commairchi.

232. You will see here that I am naming. That is, a king is taking hold and a foreigner in his territory and watching over his people's welfare.

annsom (andso H) do agallaim bís BHM rig M cumairce N a chumairci H

annsom (andso H) I call myself BHM king M commerce N my commerce H

233. Trí as mó menma bís .i. scolóc íar légad a ṡalm ⁊ gilla íar lécud a erraid úad ⁊ ingen íar ndénam mná dí.

233. Many of my thoughts are about a hope after a lament and a willingness after a desire to be freed from you and a challenge to the women of the world.

trede BMHN scolaigi N scolaidi H íar lecun a eri uada H íar leccad a arad uad N

trede BMHN schoolaigi N schooladi H íar lecun a eri uada H íar leccad a arad uad N

234. Cetharda forná bí cosc nó ríagail .i. gilla sacairt ⁊ cú muilleórach ⁊ mac bantrebthaige ⁊ gamain gamnaige.

fornach bi BM ná BM gamnaidhe M

for nach bi BM ná BM gamnaidhe M

235. Tri húais dóib: dul ar ríg nó úasal nemid, ar is lethiu enech ríg aidbriud; dul fri cath, ar ní túalaing nech glinni fri cath acht ríg lasmbíat secht túatha foa mám; dul fri cimmidecht acht nech lasa mbí mug dóer. Secht n-aurgarta dóib: dul ar deoraid, ar drúth ⁊ ar dásachtach, ar díaraig, ar angar, ar éconn, ar essconn. Imnedach dano cach ráth, ar is écen dí díanapud im cach ngell dobeir, aill riam, aill íarum.

235. They have three options: to go for a king or noble lord, because their face is more noble than that of an underking; to go to battle, because no one can lead a battle except for a king backed by seven tribes; to go for companionship, but no one is worth their while unless they have a lot of wealth. They have seven privileges: to go to a stranger, with urgency and in a state of madness, with certainty, with anger, with distress, with anxiety, and with misery. It's a wonder that each path leads to a different outcome, as each choice depends on what fate brings, sometimes fortune, sometimes misfortune.

nemi N it lethai L lethe N aidbriu N tulaing N glinde N acht nech laisimbiad N fo mammi N cimbidheacht acht nech lasambiad mogh daor diles N dasachtaig N imnedach dono cech raith N imni dano L dianapad N dobeir N

236. Trí hamra Glinne Dalláin i tír Eogain: torcc Dromma Leithe, is ass rochin ⁊ is dó-side forḟéimid Finn ní, co torchair im Maig Lii la aithech búi hic tírad, ut dixit Finn:

236. In the land of Eogain, the Glen of Dalláin is called: the boar of Dromma Leithe, from there we come, and it is said that we will find Finn not far from the Yellow Meadow, as Finn stated:

Ní mad biad sam ar cono. ní mad ríad sam ar n-echa. Tan is a metaphor for a bridge. We have slain the boar of Dromma Letha.

Míl Leittreach Dalláin, cenn duine fair, dénam builc gobann olchena .i. ech usci robói isind loch i tóeb na cille, is hé dochúaid ar ingín in tṡacairt co ndergene in míl frie. Dam Dili in tres ingnad. Asind loch cétna táinic a athair co ndechaid for boin do búaib in brugad robói i fail na cille, co ndeirgenai in dam de.

Míl Leittreach Dalláin, a clever man, created a massive hole in the wet land. This was a waterway that led into the lake at the back of the church, and he went towards the girl who was waiting with the required loose material. I owe my loyalty to the third wonder. From the same lake, his father came to seek an entrance to the fort which was in the church's vicinity, at which the dog barked at him.

as as rocin N forfeimdi N Muig Hi N Muig Hith H. 1.15 ma biasam N ma riadsim ar n-eacha N ricsam andechi L Lethæ N Leithi L ase docoid N fria N isin N co nderrna an dam fria N

[Pg 31]

232. Three that are most difficult to talk to: a king about his booty, a viking in his hauberk, a boor who is under patronage.

232. Three people who are the hardest to have a conversation with: a king about his treasure, a viking in his armor, and a rude person who is being supported by someone.

233. Three whose spirits are highest: a young scholar after having read his psalms, a youngster who has put on man's attire,[114] a maiden who has been made a woman.

233. Three who are the most spirited: a young scholar who has read his psalms, a young man who has donned adult clothing,[114] and a girl who has transitioned into womanhood.

[114] Literally, 'who has doffed his (boy's) clothes.'

[114] Literally, 'who has taken off his (boy's) clothes.'

234. Four on whom there is neither restraint nor rule: the servant of a priest, a miller's hound, a widow's son, and a stripper's calf.

234. Four who have no restrictions or authority: the servant of a priest, a miller's dog, a widow's son, and a stripper's calf.

235. Three hard things [115]: to go security on behalf of a king or highly privileged person, for a king's honour is wider than any claim; to go security for battle, for no one is capable of any security for a battle save a king under whose yoke are seven tribes; to go security for captivity, except one who owns a serf.

235. Three tough things [115]: to provide a guarantee on behalf of a king or a highly privileged person, because a king's honor is broader than any claim; to provide a guarantee for battle, since no one can guarantee a battle except a king who leads seven tribes; to provide a guarantee for captivity, except for someone who owns a serf.

Seven prohibitions: to go security for an outlaw, for a jester and for a madman, for a person without bonds, for an unfilial person, for an imbecile, for one excommunicated. Troublesome moreover is every security, for it is necessary for it to give sudden notice as regards every pledge which he gives, now beforehand, now afterwards.

Seven prohibitions: to act as a guarantor for an outlaw, for a fool and for a madman, for a person without connections, for a disloyal person, for an idiot, for someone who is excommunicated. Additionally, every guarantee is problematic because it requires immediate notification concerning every pledge made, both beforehand and afterward.

[115] I do not understand the force of dóib, 'to them,' either here or below after secht n-aurgarta.

[115] I don't get the meaning of dóib, 'to them,' either here or later after secht n-aurgarta.

236. Three wonders of Glenn Dallan [116] in Tirowen: the boar of Druim Leithe. It was born there, and Finn was unable to do aught against it, until it fell in Mag Li [117] by a peasant who was kiln-drying. Whence Finn said:

236. Three wonders of Glenn Dallan [116] in Tirowen: the boar of Druim Leithe. It was born there, and Finn couldn’t do anything about it until it was killed in Mag Li [117] by a farmer who was drying grain in a kiln. Then Finn said:

[116] Now Glencar, six miles to the north of the town of Sligo.

[116] Now Glencar, six miles north of Sligo.

[117] The territory of the Tir Lí, west of the river Bann.

[117] The area of the Tir Lí, located west of the Bann River.

"We haven't properly fed our dogs,
We haven't done a good job of driving our horses, Since a little brat from a kiln "Has killed the boar of Druim Leithe."

The Beast of Lettir Dallan. It has a human head and otherwise the shape of a smith's bellows. The water-horse which lived in the lake by the side of the church cohabited with the daughter of the priest and begot the beast upon her.

The Beast of Lettir Dallan. It has a human head and is otherwise shaped like a blacksmith's bellows. The water-horse that lived in the lake next to the church mated with the priest's daughter and fathered the beast with her.

The Ox of Dil [118] is the third wonder. Its father came out of the same lake, and went upon one of the cows of the landholder who lived near the church, and begot the ox upon her.

The Ox of Dil [118] is the third wonder. Its father emerged from the same lake and mated with one of the cows belonging to the landowner who lived near the church, resulting in the birth of the ox.

[118] The oxen of Dil, daughter of Míl or Legmannair, are mentioned in the Dindsenchas, No. 44 and 111 (Rev. Celt. xv.).

[Pg 32]

237. Trí hamra Connacht: lige nÉothaili 'na thrácht. Comard hé frisin trácht. Intan atraig in muir, comard hé fria lán. Dirna (.i. cloch) in Dagdai, cia fochertar im-muir, cia berthair hi tech fo glass, dodeime a tiprait oca mbí. In dá chorr i n-Inis Cathaig, nocha légat corra aili leo inna n-insi ⁊ téit in banchorr isin fairrgi síar do duth, co tóet cona heisínib essi ⁊ nocon fagbat curaig eolus cia airm in doithi.

237. The Connacht crab: it lies on its side. It matches the shoreline. When the sea pulls back, it matches the tide. The stone (i.e., rock) of Dagda, whether it's pushed into the sea or brought home under glass, is its mark where it is. In two corners of Inis Cathaig, it doesn't allow another curve beside it in the islands, and goes with the female curve into the sea westward to the land, so that it can clothe itself and there won't be a boat to provide help whatever the storm.

comaird i frisin lan N focerda a muir no cia bertar N no do deime no dogeibter a tibraid oca mbid N do nó todeime L corr N chuirr L Ceitig N leigitt N do doich N heisenaib eisib ⁊ nochan fagbuid N eolus om. L hairm in doich N

Take care when entering the sea, no matter how far you go. Don't forget to set a clear course for your boat, and always be aware of your surroundings. Remember to stay safe and stay informed.

238. Trí luchra ata mesa: luchra tuinde, luchra mná bóithe, luchra con foléimnige.

238. Three types of rabbits are here: wild rabbits, domestic rabbits, and hunting dogs.

om. LHBM luchra duine H¹ foleimnigh N

om. LHBM classy person H¹ sleek N

239. Cisne trí ana soitcedach? Ní handsa són. Immarchor erlam, cuirm cen árus, cummairce for sét.

239. Is a swan three anointed? It's not easy to tell. I reflect, this festivity without a welcome, a protector for the set.

a tri N

240. Trí maic beres genas do gáis: gal, gart, gaire.

240. Three magical powers are born from gas: gall, gart, glee.

241. Trí airfite dála: drúth, fuirsire, oirce.

241. Three types of air: quick, cool, dark.

druith H¹

242. Trí ata ferr do ḟlaith: fír, síth, slóg.

242. Three things are important for kingship: truth, peace, assembly.

adda H¹

243. Trí ata mesa do ḟlaith: lén, brath, míairle.

243. Three things to show a prince: loyalty, bravery, and skill.

adda H¹ ada N

244. Ceithre báis breithe: a breith i ngó, a breith cen dilse, a breith cen ailig, a breith cen forus.

244. Four kinds of birth: a birth in worry, a birth without loyalty, a birth without support, a birth without guidance.

disle H¹ disliu N

245. Trí adcoillet gáis: anfis, doas, díchuimne.

245. The gas is collected: amphibians, dos, and detachment.

a tri N ainbhḟes H¹ duas H¹

246. Trí muime ordain: delb cháin, cuimne maith, creisine.

246. I remember my mother: beautiful shape, good memory, sweetness.

ordan H¹ chaoin H¹

Jordan H¹ Chaoin H¹

247. Trí muime menman: sotla, suirge, mesce.

247. Three things comfort the mind: laughter, joy, intoxication.

socla .i. sochlú H¹

248. Cetheora miscne flatha: .i. fer báeth utmall, fer dóer dímáin. fer gúach esindraic, fer labor dísceoil; ar ní tabair labrai acht do chethrur: .i. fer cerda fri háir ⁊ molad, fer coimgni cuimnech fri haisnéis ⁊ scélugud, brethem fri bretha, sencha fri senchas.

248. A warrior skilled in many things: that is a man who is both brave and humble. A man who is strong in battle, a man who toils tirelessly; for he does not speak except for his brothers: that is a man who crafts with skill and praise, who remembers wise sayings and storytelling, who judges wisely, and who reflects on the past.

249. Trí dorcha in betha: aithne, ráthaiges, altrom.

249. The dark truth of life: knowledge, protection, nurturing.

[Pg 33]

237. Three wonders of Connaught: the grave of Eothaile [119] on its strand. It is as high as the strand. When the sea rises, it is as high as the tide.

237. Three wonders of Connaught: the grave of Eothaile [119] on its beach. It is as high as the beach. When the sea rises, it is as high as the tide.

The stone of the Dagda. Though it be thrown into the sea, though it be put into a house under lock, ... out of the well at which it is.

The stone of the Dagda. Even if it’s tossed into the sea, even if it’s locked away in a house, ... it will come back out of the well it originated from.

The two herons in Scattery island. They let no other herons to them into the island, and the she-heron goes on the ocean westwards to hatch and returns thence with her young ones. And coracles have not discovered the place of hatching.

The two herons on Scattery Island. They don't allow any other herons onto the island, and the female heron flies west over the ocean to hatch and comes back with her chicks. And coracles haven't found the hatching spot.

[119] Cf. § 197.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ See § 197.

238. Three worst smiles: the smile of a wave, the smile of a lewd woman, the grin of a dog ready to leap.[120]

238. Three worst smiles: the smile of a wave, the smile of a provocative woman, the grin of a dog about to pounce.[120]

[120] Cf. § 91.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Compare. § 91.

239. What are the three wealths of fortunate people? Not hard to tell. A ready conveyance(?), ale without a habitation(?), a safeguard upon the road.

239. What are the three riches of lucky people? It's not difficult to identify. A reliable vehicle, beer without a home, and protection on the journey.

240. Three sons whom chastity bears to wisdom: valour, generosity, laughter (filial piety?).

240. Three sons that purity brings to wisdom: courage, kindness, joy (respect for parents?).

241. Three entertainers of a gathering: a jester, a juggler, a lap-dog.

241. Three performers at an event: a clown, a juggler, a small dog.

242. Three things that are best for a chief: justice, peace, an army.

242. Three things that are essential for a leader: fairness, stability, and a strong military.

243. Three things that are worst for a chief: sloth, treachery, evil counsel.

243. The three things that are the worst for a leader: laziness, betrayal, and bad advice.

244. The four deaths of judgment: to give it in falsehood, to give it without forfeiture, to give it without precedent, to give it without knowledge.

244. The four ways judgment can fail: to make it dishonestly, to make it without penalty, to make it without example, to make it without understanding.

245. Three things that ruin wisdom: ignorance, inaccurate knowledge, forgetfulness.

245. Three things that destroy wisdom: ignorance, false information, and forgetfulness.

246. Three nurses of dignity: a fine figure, a good memory, piety.

246. Three admirable nurses: a strong presence, a sharp memory, devotion.

247. Three nurses of high spirits: pride, wooing, drunkenness.

247. Three lively nurses: confidence, flirtation, intoxication.

248. Four hatreds of a chief: a silly flighty man, a slavish useless man, a lying dishonourable man, a talkative man who has no story to tell.[121] For a chief does not grant speech save to four: a poet for satire and praise, a chronicler of good memory for narration and story-telling, a judge for giving judgments, an historian for ancient lore.[122]

248. Four types of people a chief hates: a silly and flaky person, a useless and servile individual, a dishonest liar, and a talkative person who has nothing worthwhile to say.[121] Because a chief only allows four types of speech: a poet for satire and praise, a good memory chronicler for storytelling, a judge to give decisions, and a historian for ancient stories.[122]

[121] i.e., who has nothing worth hearing to say.

[121] that is, who has nothing important to say.

[122] See a similar passage in Ancient Laws i., p. 18, and in the tale called, 'The Conversion of Loegaire to the Faith' (Rev. Celt. iv., p. 165).

[122] Check out a similar section in Ancient Laws i., p. 18, and in the story called, 'The Conversion of Loegaire to the Faith' (Rev. Celt. iv., p. 165).

249. Three dark [123] things of the world: giving a thing into keeping, guaranteeing, fostering.

249. Three dark [123] things in the world: handing something over for safekeeping, providing assurance, nurturing.

[123] i.e., uncertain what will come of them.

[123] i.e., unsure of what will happen to them.

[Pg 34]

250. Trí urgarta bíd: a chaithem cen altugud, a chaithem d'éis óiged, a chaithem réna thrath cóir.

250. I greatly appreciate: your strength during challenging times, your honesty in difficult conversations, your fairness in how you handle situations.

haurgartho N¹ hurgairt HM hurghairrthe H² d'aithli aidead H cóir om. NH² iarna coir M

251. Cetheora aipgitre gáise: ainmne, sonmathe, sobraid[e], sothnges; ar is gáeth cach ainmnetach ⁊ sái cach somnath, fairsing cach sobraid, sochoisc cach sothengtha.

251. Cetheora aipgitre gáise: name, description, background, summary; and every name must be unique and each description detailed, broad for every background, and comprehensive for each summary.

somna sobraicch H² sobés N soingthes H² somnoigh H² farsigh [leg. farsing] .i. sgaoiltech H²

sleep H² overwhelms N so a source H² of sleeplessness H² affecting [leg. affecting] .i. gradual H²

252. Cetheora aipgitre báise: báithe, condailbe, imresan, doingthe.

253. Teora sírechta flatha: cuirmthech cen aisnéis, buiden cen erdonail, dírim cen chona.

253. The path of the ruler: a celebration without regret, a gathering without division, fully without condition.

airdanail N erdanail N¹

254. Trí indchoisc ordain do duine: .i. sodelb, sáire, sulbaire.

254. The basic characteristics of a person: i.e., kindness, generosity, humility.

a tri ina coisceadh ordan M suirbire H

255. Trí gúala doná fess fudomain: gúala flatha, gúala ecalse, gúala nemid filed.

255. The bitter sound of fate: the sound of kings, the sound of exiles, the sound of the heaven-bound.

dana H fodhomain M

256. Trí féich nach dlegar faill: féich thíre, duilgine achaid, argius aiste.

256. Look at the land, through the rugged terrain, amid the stormy environment.

nat eple faill M aichid M arguius H

[Pg 35]

250. Three prohibitions of food: to eat it without giving thanks, to eat it before its proper time, to eat it after a guest.

250. Three rules about food: to eat it without saying thanks, to eat it before the right time, to eat it after serving a guest.

251. Four elements [124] of wisdom: patience, docility, sobriety, well-spokenness; for every patient person is wise, and every docile person is a sage, every sober person is generous, every well-spoken person is tractable.

251. Four elements [124] of wisdom: patience, humility, moderation, and eloquence; for every patient person is wise, every humble person is a sage, every moderate person is generous, and every eloquent person is approachable.

252. Four elements [124] of folly: silliness, bias, wrangling, foulmouthedness.

252. Four elements [124] of foolishness: goofiness, prejudice, arguing, cursing.

[124] Literally, 'alphabets.'

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ Literally, 'alphabets.'

253. Three tabus of a chief: an ale-house without story-telling, a troop without a herald, a great company without wolfhounds.[125]

253. Three taboos of a leader: a pub without storytelling, a group without a herald, a large gathering without wolfhounds.[125]

[125] This triad has been wrongly read (faiscre instead of faisneis) and rendered by O'Grady in his Catalogue of Ir. mss. in the British Museum, p. 91.

[125] This trio has been misinterpreted (faiscre instead of faisneis) and presented by O'Grady in his Catalogue of Irish manuscripts in the British Museum, p. 91.

254. Three indications of dignity in a person: a fine figure, a free bearing, eloquence.

254. Three signs of dignity in a person: a great physique, a confident posture, and eloquence.

255. Three coffers whose depth is not known: the coffer of a chieftain, of the Church,[126] of a privileged poet.

255. Three chests whose depth is unknown: the chest of a chieftain, of the Church,[126] of a privileged poet.

[126] "Die Kirche hat einen guten Magen," Goethe, Faust.

[126] "The church has a good stomach," Goethe, Faust.

256. Three debts which must not be neglected:[127] debts of land, payment of a field, instruction (?) of poetry.

256. Three debts that can't be ignored:[127] land debts, payment for a field, and learning (?) poetry.

[127] 'Which do not die by neglect,' M.

[127] 'Which do not fade away from being ignored,' M.

[Pg 36]

GLOSSES AND NOTES

1. Gloss in H. 1. 15: oir gurab innte do bhí suidhe príomhaigh Éirenn.

1. Gloss in H. 1. 15: because of them, there was the principal seat of Ireland.

2. .i. ordaighecht nó ord uaisle nó airechas .i. arduaislighecht tre adhluicedh na ríogh inte ⁊ na naoimh.

2. .i. noble law or noble order or property .i. higher nobility through the governance of kings among them and the saints.

4. .i. serc Éirenn ó annsacht cháich uirre tre Muire na nGaodhal .i. Brighid.

4. .i. the service of Ireland from all challenges upon her through Mary of the Gaels .i. Brigid.

5. .i. naomthacht tre naomaibh, nó foghluim sruth .i. saoi-raith.

5. .i. having knowledge of the gods, or acquiring it through wisdom .i. a wise flow.

7. .i. feronn buird riogh Éirenn.

7. .i. I will bring the royal feast of Ireland.

11. .i. tre cáich innte nó tre n-iomad taisi innte.

11. .i. through all of it or through many displays within it.

13. .i. eircille ar grádhuibh dar ndóigh fa tuarasdul giolla foic[h]le, nó tuarastail.

13. .i. in tough times or hardships, or tough situations.

14. .i. liodáin do gnáth.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ .i. liodáin is usual.

15. .i. ealadhna mór ann ⁊ senchaoi ḟesa na sen.

15. .i. great matters are there, and ancient knowledge of the ancients.

16. .i. a n-iomat breithemhuin, nó cúirt, nó sgol féinechuis ann.

16. .i. a non-court, or a court, or a self-governing school there.

17. .i. ó iomad scol innte.

17. .i. there are many schools in it.

18. .i. aoibnes nó conách nó er tír fo sliocht Éireann.

18. .i. it's not clear whether there's land under the soil of Ireland.

19. .i. ag guidhe ar gach duine.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ .i. a guide for all.

20. .i. tre leigen Temhrach. This refers to the curse pronounced by Ruadan, the founder of Lorrha, against King Diarmait and Tara.

20. .i. three leagues Temhrach. This refers to the curse spoken by Ruadan, the founder of Lorrha, against King Diarmait and Tara.

22. .i. cairedh inte. St. Feichin, the founder of Fore, was famous for the austerity of his devotion. 'He used to set his wretched rib against the hard cell without raiment,' says Cuimmine in his poem on the Saints of Ireland (Zeitschr., I., p. 63).

22. .i. he struggled with it. St. Feichin, the founder of Fore, was well-known for the strictness of his devotion. "He would press his miserable ribs against the hard cell without any clothing," says Cuimmine in his poem about the Saints of Ireland (Zeitschr., I., p. 63).

24. .i. diamharracht nó aon ar anacht nó gloine.

24. .i. destruction or any on the floor or glass.

25. .i. luathghaire a mBreifne.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ .i. Luathghaire in Breifne.

26. .i. grádh Dé.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ .i. God's love.

28. .i. áit comhnuidhe.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ .i. permanent residence.

30. .i. cill as mesa do cheallaibh nó béim aithesach nó ceall dáir.

30. .i. call as a middle ground or a noticeable emphasis or a deep commitment.

31. .i. genmnacht.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ .i. game night.

32. .i. léime tara do tugsat.

32. .i. I’m here to help you with what you need.

33. .i. bailte bodaich.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ .i. towns and villages.

34. trí clothra .i. coimhthineoil cluacha nó uirdherca.

34. three types of clothing: that is, foreign combat gear or bright colored outfits.

36. Dún Sobairchi and Dún Cermna are, according to tradition, the oldest stone forts in Ireland, having been built by Sobairche and Cermna, who divided Ireland between them, about 1500 B.C., the former placing his dún in the extreme north, the latter in the extreme south on the Old Head of Kinsale.

36. Dún Sobairchi and Dún Cermna are believed to be the oldest stone forts in Ireland, built by Sobairche and Cermna, who divided Ireland between them around 1500 B.C. Sobairche established his fort in the far north, while Cermna set up his in the far south at the Old Head of Kinsale.

37. Slíab Cua (or, by eclipse after the neuter slíab, Gúa), 'the hollow mountain,' or 'mountain of hollows' (cúa = Lat. cavus), the native name for the Knockmealdown mountains on the borders of Tipperary and Waterford.

37. Slíab Cua (or, by eclipse after the neuter slíab, Gúa), 'the hollow mountain,' or 'mountain of hollows' (cúa = Lat. cavus), the local name for the Knockmealdown mountains on the borders of Tipperary and Waterford.

42. Dercc Ferna was demolished by the Norse in 930. Hennessy, in a note on the entry in the AU., says that it is supposed to be the cave of Dunmore, not far from the city of Kilkenny, but adds "apparently on insufficient evidence."[Pg 37]

42. Dercc Ferna was destroyed by the Norse in 930. Hennessy mentions in a note on the entry in the AU. that it is believed to be the cave of Dunmore, which is located near the city of Kilkenny, but he adds "apparently based on insufficient evidence."[Pg 37]

44. i. ionadha dona no nemhchonáig. Here we get the only gloss in L. Bangor is said to be unlucky, "because of its having been destroyed so often." It was frequently plundered by the Norse during the ninth century. As to the kingship of Mugdorn Maigen (now Cremorne barony, Co. Monaghan), it certainly was an ill-fated dynasty. Of the sixteen kings of this tribe who are mentioned in the Annals of Ulster, ten were put to death, of whom one (Suibne) was slain by his own brothers, while two brothers, Gilla Ciaráin and Máelmúaid, were slain within the same year (1020), the latter after having been king for but one day.

44. i. ionadha dona no nemhchonáig. Here we have the only note in L. Bangor is said to be unlucky "because it has been destroyed so many times." It was often raided by the Norse during the ninth century. Regarding the kingship of Mugdorn Maigen (now known as Cremorne barony, Co. Monaghan), it truly was a doomed dynasty. Of the sixteen kings from this tribe noted in the Annals of Ulster, ten were executed, including one (Suibne) who was killed by his own brothers. Additionally, two brothers, Gilla Ciaráin and Máelmúaid, were killed in the same year (1020), with the latter having been king for just one day.

45. Beyond the fact that the three tribes here mentioned belonged to the aithech-thuatha or rent-paying tribes, I know nothing to throw light on the triad.

45. Besides the fact that the three tribes mentioned here were part of the aithech-thuatha or rent-paying tribes, I don't have any additional information to clarify the triad.

51. In Harl. 5280, p. 75a, marg. inf., Druimm nDrobeoil is said to derive its name from a horse called Drobel. (Ech Dedad. i. Drobel a ainm diatá Druim nDrobeoil.)

51. In Harl. 5280, p. 75a, marg. inf., Druimm nDrobeoil is said to derive its name from a horse called Drobel. (Ech Dedad. i. Drobel is the name of the horse of Druim nDrobeoil.)

56. Here H. has the absurd etymological gloss futhairbhe .i. fothirbhe .i. tír mhaith na mbeo, nó ferann maith.

56. Here H. has the ridiculous etymological explanation futhairbhe .i. fothirbhe .i. a good land of the living, or good territory.

60. Léim Congcoluinn i gcondae in Chláir.

60. Leap of Congcoluinn in County Clare.

64. .i. miodhchonách duine. Suighe cumhang .i. deireoil.

64. .i. unpleasant person. Sit narrow .i. deceitful.

65. iarmar cléithe .i. salchar na cléithe d'fágbhail a bferann. drithlennach .i. ferthain anuas nó linn thríd.

65. a special blanket, meaning a blanket that covers a stretch of land. A miracle, meaning a journey down or through a river.

66. The first two items occur also in the list of proverbial sayings addressed by the Wizard Doctor to Mac Conglinne (Aisl. Maic C., p. 73), with the significant variation that 'a veteran in the abbotship' has become 'a veteran in the bishop's chair,' showing that the 'Vision of Mac Conglinne' was composed at a time when the diocese had superseded the old monastic constitution. As to the 'drop upon the altar,' though O'Neachtain's gloss explains it as 'rain' (bainne .i. fer[th]uinn anuas), the Rev. Mr. O'Sullivan has furnished me with a much more likely explanation. He thinks it refers to the spilling of the consecrated wine from the chalice, which is considered a most unfortunate accident. No one but a priest is allowed to touch or remove it.

66. The first two items also appear in the list of famous sayings addressed by the Wizard Doctor to Mac Conglinne (Aisl. Maic C., p. 73), with the noteworthy change that 'a veteran in the abbotship' has turned into 'a veteran in the bishop's chair,' indicating that the 'Vision of Mac Conglinne' was created at a time when the diocese had taken over the previous monastic structure. Regarding the 'drop upon the altar,' although O'Neachtain's explanation defines it as 'rain' (bainne .i. fer[th]uinn anuas), Rev. Mr. O'Sullivan has provided me with a much more plausible interpretation. He believes it refers to the spilling of the consecrated wine from the chalice, which is regarded as a very unfortunate incident. Only a priest is permitted to touch or remove it.

71. .i. tri donais mhic bodaigh. re óigthigerna .i. re duine uasal. for thascar rígh .i. céimionnadh móra do ghlacadh air (!) .i. do thabhairt uaidhe do striopach (!) .i. do thocaidhibh nó ar son gatuigechtadh.

71. .i. tri donais mhic bodaigh. re óigthigerna .i. re duine uasal. for thascar rígh .i. céimionnadh móra do ghlacadh air (!) .i. do thabhairt uaidh do striopach (!) .i. do thocaidhibh nó ar son gatuigechtadh.

72. targha .i. tineol no cruinnugadh .i. malairt ḟerainn mhaith ar dhrochferonn.

72. gathering .i. exchange of good harvests for bad crops.

74. haonaighe nesairte .i. eisert .i. bochtain lag. gan airdhe .i. gan comhartha nó arra aige le gcennocha ní.

74. is a state of being insignificant, meaning weak and poor, without direction or any sign or indication of a coming change.

75. caol srithide a foilleirb .i. an sreab bainne da chrú .i. soidech. .i. fochan an gheamhair. for tuinn .i. faoi an cennar chroichin .i. ag denamh druithnechuis.

75. a cold breeze across the surface, that is, the milk-white foam on the water, that is, the grass under the swell, that is, beneath the tip of the crooked branch, that is making drops of dew.

76. dorn daimh .i. cos ag treabhath.

77. mes .i. ó laimh. tomharas .i. ó ṡúil. cubhus .i. óna coimhesa .i. coimhfiosa.

79. eadruidh .i. adhaltraigh. cluithe .i. clesuighes. céilighe .i. cuairt.

80. maoin .i. tabhartus d'faghail uaide.[Pg 38]

80. main .i. offer to take it from you.[Pg 38]

81. dognas .i. nemhghnas. diomaoinche .i. díth maoine .i. do chuid do bhuain dhiod.

83. troich .i. do gerrṡaoghul. Cp. Aisl. Maic Conglinne, p. 71, 20.

83. do gerrṡaoghul. Cp. Aisl. Maic Conglinne, p. 71, 20.

84. áine la daor .i. saidhbrios ag daor neimhnidh .i. aithioch nó fer gan senchus. doidheilbh .i. duine grán[n]amh.

84. a person who is in mourning, meaning someone who feels a deep sorrow or sadness without any prior background. a sad person, meaning someone who is very sorrowful.

85. bó bennach gan eas .i. sreibh nó bainne. tothacht .i. gan tábhacht faoithe .i. tochus.

85. a blessing without conditions, meaning no anger or bitterness. insignificant, meaning without importance regarding the outcome.

86. áibhle .i. splangca lasta grádha. aladh .i. hésa maith.

86. extravagance meaning a fashionable trend. it means it’s good.

87. .i. trí ní curthar a ttaisge ara ccurtar caithemh. mná .i. taisge.

87. .i. three things are not hidden from being shown. women .i. showing.

88. teidhe (sic) .i. aonaigh.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ dlg (sic). i.e. join.

89. Seghaine .i. caomha nó séimhe. fáthrann .i. rann fáthach. adhbhann tri ciuil do ṡeinimh duine eile. berradh .i. eolus berr[th]a nó do bherrath go des. These three accomplishments were united in the person of Mac Díchóeme, the barber of King Eochaid with horse's ears (Otia Merseiana, III., p. 47), and in Donnbó (Three Fragments, p. 34, and Rev. Celt. 24, p. 44).

89. Seghaine .i. calm or gentle. fáthrann .i. a significant verse. adhbhann through music to charm another person. berradh .i. knowledge bright or to bring forth artfully. These three skills were combined in the person of Mac Díchóeme, the barber of King Eochaid with horse's ears (Otia Merseiana, III., p. 47), and in Donnbó (Three Fragments, p. 34, and Rev. Celt. 24, p. 44).

90. cluiche tenn .i. súgradh ten[n]. abhacht go n-aithis .i. súgradh le masla do thabairt.

90. tennis game, meaning the sport of tennis. The term also refers to playing with the intention of causing embarrassment.

91. .i. iar n-ealó óna fer féin. foileimnighe .i. chum do gerrtha .i. iar leigion sealga uaithe.

91. .i. after coming back from hunting it. publishing .i. for your own sake .i. after taking a break from it.

92. foghladha .i. gadaighe.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ learner .i. student.

93. .i. trí haonarain is ferr ioná iomad. .i. begán do chaint mhaith. .i. ag ól fleadha nó sec[h]na imresain.

93. .i. three wins are better than many. .i. a little good advice. .i. drinking a feast or savoring enjoyment.

94. bróna .i. hamghaire. .i. deglaoch nach sáiseocha cách. .i. ga nderna ina ainim munath sásaigh[th]e é.

95. .i. faoi ndéntar magaid. lonn .i. fergach. éataigh .i. eudmhar. díbhach .i. doichleach.

95. .i. about how to appear. located .i. anger. having an intense .i. yearning. selfish .i. discontented.

99. gretha .i. garrtha. .i. gáir ag fodhail a mbídh. grith suidhe .i. chuman[n] bhídh. .i. ag éirghe ón mbiadh.

101. .i. postaidhe fir boigechta .i. boiggniomh. imgellad .i. síor-c[h]ur geallta. iomarbhaigh .i. comórtas. imresain .i. conspóidedha.

101. .i. supported men of action .i. engagement. promises .i. constant commitments. contests .i. competition. endeavors .i. disputes.

103. luirge .i. a bhata nó a mhná (lorg .i. ben, abhall, laoch, leo, arg).

103. luirge .i. a boat or a woman (meaning .i. wife, apple, hero, with, silver).

104. da maoidhemh air féin gan nech da chur cuige.

104. did not go to bed without someone to accompany him.

105. os focherd a congan .i. fiadh chuires de a benna.

105. the hounds were sent out to hunt. They were racing after their prey.

106. sceinbh .i. ionadha baoghlacha dochum sceinm do chur i neach nó ionada sccunamhla.

107. allabair .i. mac-alla nó iollabhar is gnáth a bhfod ó neach.

107. allabair .i. son of the navel or as usual it is common for them to be below someone.

109. labra .i. iomad cainte. aimhiodhna .i. nemhgloine.

109. lines .i. many discussions. aimhiodhna .i. unique clarity.

110. toa .i. bailbhe .i. éistecht. eiscis .i. escuidhecht. iodhna .i. glaine.

110. to a. i. bailbhe. i. éisteacht. eiscis. i. escuidheacht. iodhna. i. glaine.

112. moladh iar luag .i. cennach tabhairt ar moladh.

112. praise after a discussion, that is, to take on the praise.

113. .i. imthecht gion nach bhḟédann tú imthecht. .i. ní do thabhairt uaid na mbia agat. .i. gen go bfédann tú a dhénamh.

113. .i. you are leaving without looking back. .i. you don't take anything from your food. .i. unless you agree to do it.

114. .i. senchaillioch triudhach casachtach ar aondhacht ann. .i. amhail cullach le buille ar choin, ar chat, ar mhada. .i. gach gránna siobharrtha 'na ghiolla.[Pg 39]

114. .i. a strange, twisted connection in unity. .i. like a blow on a dog, cat, or horse. .i. every ugly thing is a servant.[Pg 39]

116. .i. a n-onoruighther nó uaislighther. .i. pluice ag síneadh a beoil. righe a bhronn .i. a bhuilg.

117. círmaire .i. 'fer dénta na gcíor. dichetal for otrach .i. adhbhal-cantainn le rosg nó orrtha. go rothochra .i. go docuiredh.

118. dlughughadh .i. cnesughadh. freiscre .i. frisearadh gan sergadh. lúth tar luaitbrenn .i. for a tighibh nó templuibh .i. rennaigheacht do cuiredh sa luaith. béim fo chumas .i. buille a coimhmheiseamnuighe féin.

118. dodging .i. copying. against .i. attacking without pausing. energy on touching .i. to their houses or temples .i. signaling to be placed in the touch. emphasis under ability .i. punch to maintain their balance.

119. dighalra .i. leighios iomlán na ngalar. diainmhe .i. gan ainiomh d' fágail iar genedhuibh. .i. coimhḟécsin nó fíoradharc.

120. .i. bior dobheir sásadh as gach ní rachad fair.

120. .i. I will get satisfaction from everything that happens to me.

121. caer comraic .i. raed cruinn go ccomhtharrachtain d'iomat dath ann. fleath for faobhar .i. faobhar for faobhar.

121. to fall into a trap, meaning to be caught in a situation without options. A blanket over the edge, meaning a layer upon a layer.

122. cruitire .i. cláirseoir.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ recruit .i. clarifier.

125. comar .i. docum treabtha nó coimhghélsine.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ messy document or message.

131. truime .i. tromdhacht. toice .i. saidhbhres. talchaire .i. toil charthanach ag gach duine do.

131. is about truth. It's about happiness. It’s everything we wish for.

132. .i. tri neithe aisnéisi an doconáigh.

132. .i. three neither diminish the significance.

133. tlás [.i.] doní an trosgadh an duine tláit[h].

135. .i. cnapáin mísénamhla nó nemhconáigh.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ .i. unreliable issues or discrepancies.

139. trí brothc[h]áin rátha .i. trí neithe breithemhnuighther nó caoinbherthar ar antí théid a ráithiges nó a n-urrughas. roitioc .i. íocaidh na fiacha. rosiacht .i. éigion do nech do leanamhuin. rothocht .i. ⁊ mionnughadh 'sa gcúis.

139. three main categories of judgment: that is, three things that are assessed or evaluated regarding the matter that is being agreed upon or confirmed. "rotioc" means paying off debts. "rosiacht" refers to granting exemption to someone who needs it. "rothocht" means to ensure and swear to uphold the cause.

140. tugha go bhḟóidibh .i. fóide os toighe ar tech. imme go bfoighnagare (sic) .i. fál ⁊ fíoriongaire maille ris. .i. go ngoradh gér cloch a ndiaigh gortath na hátha.

141. trí fáilte go n-iarnduibhe. fer gaide .i. an tan bhíos da chrochadh. .i. doní faisnéis.

141. Welcome to the afterlife. It’s a guide for when you’re hanging around. This is for information.

142. tulfeaith (sic) .i. drúis .i. toil féithe. dulsaine .i. cáinedh no cáinseoireacht.

142. tulfeaith (sic) .i. druid .i. joy of the spirit. dulsaine .i. sorcery or enchantment.

143. grís .i. imdhergadh. rus .i. roifios. ruccaidh .i. ancroidhe.

145. nua corma .i. braitlis.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ new normal .i. bright ideas.

146. moaighthe .i. médaighthe sochair do neoch.

146. I might not be able to understand your point.

147. teine a lucc (!) .i. [a] tteallach. næ la fer calaigh (!) .i. naomhóg, coite, bád, long, do dhuine le purt.

147. It shines a light (!) .i. [a] bright spark. No one should miss it (!) .i. a little boat, hidden, ship, vessel, for a person to steer.

148. aithgionta .i. neithe dobheir aithghin tarais no aithgini uatha. nes gabhann .i. mála cré.

148. but they are neither given the name after nor the name from them. except for a clay pouch.

149. .i. neithe ann a ttabhair neach iomarcaith naith ⁊ nach iadhann dísle orrtha ó nech dar ben iad. iarraid mic .i. luach oileamhna.

149. .i. neither does anyone give excessive gifts to them nor do they refuse anything from someone who offers them. They ask for a son, that is, the value of education.

151. aurnadhma .i. pósta.[Pg 40]

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ aurnadhma .i. pósta.[Pg 40]

153. .i. trí cúisi nach básaighenn d'faill do dhénamh umpa iad eibiulait .i. básaighenn. dochraidhe .i. duine díochairdigh.

153. .i. three reasons that lead to doing something unnecessary for them, namely, unnecessary action. a problem, namely, a man of integrity.

155. slabhra .i. imdhergtha .i. pecughadh le mnái neich gan coibhche do dhíol ionnta, nach gcennuighther le airnéis nó éiric do díol ionnta. .i. coimhéigniughadh do rígh.

156. turbhadh .i. cairde d'iarraigh da ccur amach .i. da ttabhairt amach. .i. da athair tar éis altroma. .i. tar éis anbhaill do dhénamh a thabhairt da sealbhaightheoir. .i. braighe do tabhairt as láimh le comhall síotha.

156. mortgaging, which involves friends asking for it to be paid out, meaning to be given. That is, after the father has made an arrangement, after making a contribution to the holder, meaning the asking for the repayment is to be taken care of with an agreement.

157. .i. taisce do fúigfidhe ag égciallaidh. .i. do fuigfidhe ag duine mór. aithne formeda .i. do fuigfidhe gan aithne do thabhairt go cinnte i ccumhdach acht go héccinte air.

157. .i. a stash for hidden things. .i. for someone important. known by many .i. to hide without being recognized certainly in a way that is not obvious.

158. dorenathar bí .i. nech eirnighther no híocthar le beo do thabhairt da gcenn. fidnemed .i. coill ar a bhfuil neimhṡenchus nó atá da gcumhdach la huasal.

159. Trí ná dotoing ná fortongar. angar .i. mac ionghar nach bhfoghann da senoir do réir a dhualgais.

159. You can’t escape your responsibilities. In other words, a son shouldn’t be expected to understand his father’s duty by following his own instincts.

160. athchumas .i. do ghlacadh orra na athchomhasan (no do thabhairt daibh) (.i. ar a ceile).

160. corrections .i. to accept their adaptations (or to give them) (.i. to each other).

161. .i. nach teighther faoi a bhfuigheall .i. a mbreitheamnuis. .i. cia do bheithdaois glic. fer adgair (.i. cu rios fios ort) agas adghairther (.i. an fer ar a gcuirther fios) agas ro crenair ria breith (.i. agas cennuighther mar breithemh le bríb le haghaidh breithe).

161. .i. in relation to their judgment .i. who is wise. a man who is well-informed (.i. to tell you the truth) and is heard (.i. the man to whom the information is given) and is believed before a judgment (.i. and is accepted as a judge with a reason for the decision).

162. aitide .i. aonta. ainbhfaitches.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ attitude. I agree. disadvantages.

163. Trí fo imrime ná dleagaid (.i. imthechta amhuil ar marcuigheght) dire (.i. dire enecluise). toxal .i. tóccbhail agus ag dénamh athghabála.

163. A body without a soul (i.e. a motion similar to a dream) defies (i.e. a siren’s call). It disturbs, i.e. it brings forth and creates recovery.

164. duilchinn.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ punishment.

165. Trí naoill .i. luighe nó mionna nach cóir mhionnughadh 'na n-aghaidh. fir mairb .i. do bheith le bás go cinnte. ditire .i. do thréig a thír .i. do chur cúram an tṡaoighil de.

165. Trí naoiill, meaning to lie or to swear that it shouldn't be sworn against. A dead man, meaning to be definitely facing death. A deserted one, meaning to abandon his land, meaning to leave the care of the world to others.

166. .i. céimionna mhilleas an tuaith le bréig.

166. .i. fake degrees ruin the countryside.

167. renus a dheis .i. a dhúthaigh nó a feronn .i. bodach é ⁊ ní bhḟuil ced sencuis air.

167. Venus at the right hand .i. his homeland or his support .i. a countryman is he and there is no doubt about it.

168. For comberat H¹ has conrannat. dainntech .i. gremannach nó buailtech.

168. For comberat H¹ has conrannat. dainntech .i. gremannach or hitting.

170. feichemhnas .i. lucht tagartha nó oificc na bhḟeithemhan. toisc. leimim. eicsi .i. muna foghluma.

171. aradgeallad. breithemhuin .i. fuasglais neach.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ a person who is freed.

172. urfogradh .i. air ar coir miothaithnemh. ael coire .i. ag tógbhail feola coiri. fiodhbhaigh gan tseinm .i. meileg gan semann no thairn[g]e da chengal. ord ghabhan[n] gan dinesc gan tairn[g]e annsa bpoll .i. díon ina eis.

173. fotha utmhall gan eolus .i. bunadhas gan forus acht haimhnech, utmhall .i. roluath.[Pg 41]

173. without a location. I. without foundation but aimless, without location. I. wandering.[Pg 41]

174. soadh fri fiadnaib .i. iompodh a n-aghaidh na bhfiadhan do haondaighe.

175. breithemh gan ḟuasna .i. techt 'na aghaidh. eidirchert gan éaccnach .i. breithemhnas gan idhiomradh 'na dhiaigh. comha gan diubhairt .i. gan bhreith do bhreith le caomhmha nó gan leatrom aonroinn.

175. thickened and filled out. In the future, there will be no vision. It will be a presence without discernment—without a sense of direction. A community without words—without judgment for judgment with care or without any shared burden.

176. Trí tonna gan gaoise .i. do chuires anfa ar ghaois .i. gliocas.

176. Three tons of wisdom, meaning an abundance of understanding, or wisdom.

177. fostadh .i. foisdinecht. gairde .i. athchumairecht.

177. fostered .i. restraint. guard .i. recovery.

179. .i. cúisi far cóir mioscuis don urlabhra. dlúithe .i. ar muin a chéile.

179. .i. a reason for sincere disgust in the conversation. closely .i. on the back of each other.

180. fostadh .i. na tengan 'na sost. airnbertais .i. ag dénamh ⁊ ag ordughadh gach neithe mar as dú.

180. showed that the designs are significant. It's about creating and organizing everything as it should be.

182. maise .i. bregha. clithighe .i. bheith clithar.

183. trí ná dleaghaidh dire .i. truaighe nó comairce. .i. ealaighes ó flaith. agas file .i. ó eglais (!).

183. three things that are forbidden, namely, sorrow or refuge, that is, escape from authority, and a poet, that is, from the church (!).

184. .i. trí hanlain[n] chrosta don othar. each .i. feoil eich. muir .i. míl mhoir .i. cointinn ar coinntinn.

184. .i. three dishes of meat for the patient. Each .i. horse meat. sea .i. great honey. .i. continued on keeping.

186. Instead of forsnaidm, H. 1. 15 has forran .i. fírbrised.

186. Instead of forsnaidm, H. 1. 15 has forran, which means burned up.

187. sobhraidhe .i. brígh maith nó láidir.

187. morning. That is, a good or strong meaning.

188. ír .i. fer[g].

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ is .i. fer[g].

189. sam (sic) .i. anmhuin go socair. tua .i. socht nó éistecht. imdhergadh .i. gríosadh nó náire.

190. mórt[h]a .i. mórthacht. maise .i. maisech lais féin. maoine .i. a mhes gurab maoineach é.

190. death, that is, mortality. Beauty, that is, beautiful in itself. Wealth, that is, his own possessions, for he is wealthy.

191. forindet .i. doní faisnéis ar in umhal. dinmhe .i. dith inmbe.

192. faicse (sic) .i. meabair maith. fáthaidhe .i. bheith foghluma fáith-chialluigh.

192. refers to (sic) good taste. It means to be educated and have significant understanding.

195. fuasnadh .i. imresan.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ fun facts.

196. cach ndagferas .i. guch feidhm nó gníomh iomlán nó feramhuil.

196. each spell .i. what function or complete action or property.

197. serbha .i. goid.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ awesome .i. cool.

198. .i. docuires chum siubhail iad fainealca. ingreim .i. do ṡlad nó da gcrechadh. dola .i. da ngremughadh. domata .i. boichtecht.

198. .i. documents show that they are regaining stability. claim .i. to protect or to contribute. evidence .i. that they are being supported. certainty .i. richness.

200. fine .i. iomad fine nó móirmhes an fine.

202. fornaidm ruirioch .i. ríogha eile congbhail faoi. roimhse .i. roimhes nó torad mór ina ḟlaith.

202. forbidding rulership. Another king resides over it. Duration, meaning a vast or important realm within the kingdom.

203. tua .i. bailbhe. dochta .i. éistecht (!).

204. tairisamh .i. coimhniughadh alfaire neich.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ care of someone’s belongings.

205. .i. i bhḟiadhnuise na gcomharcadh. .i. daoine gan chéill .i. daoine ag imthecht le gaoith.

205. .i. i fear that the observers. .i. foolish people .i. people going wherever the wind takes them.

207. éitche .i. gráinche.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ is cool.

208. soingthes .i. urlabhradh mhaith. connamhna .i. coma degmhana nó de[g]mianadh.[Pg 42]

209. luinne .i. fergaighe. cétludche .i. cédluath ghaire. tairismidhe .i. iomarcraidh griaidh da chur a gcéill .i. tairismidhe.

209. This is a song of anguish. It is a first lament, a first cry of grief. It expresses the intense sorrow felt over the loss, a heartfelt pain that cannot be concealed.

210. sognas .i. goma maith le a ghnáthugadh. soicheall .i. goma soichellach nó luathghairech.

210. dreams are as typical as their usual occurrence. They are also common or quick to smile.

211. .i. trí 'ga mbíonn clú maith. trebaire .i. gliocas. rathmaire .i. rath mór do techt air nó bhfás fair.

211. .i. three 'when there is good fame. knowledge .i. wisdom. prosperous .i. great prosperity to succeed in it or grow in it.

212. dochlatad .i. miochluid. laxa .i. faillidhe. prapcaillte .i. a bheith cruaidh ⁊ luath .i. bheith caillte anna chuid go luath.

212. despite .i. the. ungenerous. lax .i. disappointing. hidden .i. being tough & quick .i. being lost in their part too quickly.

213. ecnach .i. ithiomradh. doingthes .i. droichtengadh.

214. deirmiten .i. athairmhidin. easpata .i. diomhaoines.

214. determines .i. fatherly. easpata .i. of saints.

216. .i. trí laithe as sona do mhnáibh pósta. mná go fiora .i. mná do thabhairt chum pósta. .i. biadh na mná beo 'na ndiaidh.

216. .i. three days as a joy for married women. women in truth .i. women to be given in marriage. .i. the food of living women after them.

217. fri gach leas .i. gach neithe bhus leas dó.

217. for every benefit, meaning every thing that is beneficial to him.

218. rátha .i. urradha. fostadh .i. comhnuidhe. féile .i. náire. lomradh .i. ag lomairt ag díol fiachadh. fostodha a n-arus .i. comhnuidhe a bpriosún lomradh íce .i. da lomairt féin ag díol fiachadh nó fulang é féin do lomradh do réir dlighe .i. leigen lomartha an dlighe dar cenn feichemhan.

218. protection, meaning support. sustenance, meaning maintenance. celebration, meaning embarrassment. limited, meaning restrained in ability to collect debts. establish their own home, meaning maintaining their prison. limited support, meaning having to restrain oneself from collecting debts or suffering oneself to be limited according to the law, that is, to abandon limits of law according to personal judgment.

219. eiric no toghniomh feichemhan (.i. an t-íoc do dhénamh darcenn a bhiodhbha) no dithecht.

219. I don't see an option for payment (i.e., making a payment towards a deal) or an escape.

220. .i. trí neithe as anfæ (leg. ansa) nó as doiligh dhaibh. .i. dol a n-urrudhas dún righ do dhénamh, decair sin. coire .i. coire longan. .i. do thabhairt an urrudhas re cechtar doibh sin aroile do dhénamh.

220. .i. three things that are impossible (meaning difficult) for you. .i. to carry out a task of making a king, that's tough. blame .i. blame for the evil deeds. .i. to assign the blame to either of them for doing something else.

221. trí as ainer[g]na (.i. neimhealadhanta) do neach. .i. no go salaighenn a eudach do scarduibh.

221. three times in a manner that is unearthly for someone, meaning that it does not stain their garment.

222. ochradh .i. alt. berradh .i. mullach a chinn.

222. protection or protection, meaning top of the head.

223. mic .i. iomad mac. mná .i. iomad ban. méile .i. amadan. cleamhna ile imchiana .i. iomad clemhnas a gcéin. notcrionad (.i. dibrid) agus ní thormaighid (.i. ní mhédaighid a tighes).

223. mic .i. many sons. mná .i. many women. méile .i. fool. different links imchiana .i. many connections elsewhere. notcrionad (.i. expelled) and ní thormaighid (.i. does not increase their homes).

224. seol mná for mac .i. luighe seola. gris bronn .i. tesuighecht. galar tiomargar olc .i. togbhus an t-olc ⁊ ḟágbhus an mhaith 'na háit féin.

224. the fame of women for men; that is, the reputation of nobility. It's a good thing that bad influences can be replaced by good ones.

225. .i. gar cóir fáilte rompa, no dobheir an ḟáilte a ttigh fleadha im duthracht ⁊ ealatha .i. ealadha do thaisbeana[dh].

225. .i. they welcomed them warmly, or gave them a hearty welcome with enthusiasm and skill, that is, to show their talent.

227. daimh. bealai .i. tuadh, biail.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ eat. bealai .i. tuadh, biail.

229. tiordhachta .i. tuathamhlacht no bodamhlacht. iomargal .i. ime ro mheraighe focal. iomarbhaidh .i. comartus gníomh. meraigecht .i. mire.

229. honesty, which means integrity or sincerity. competition, which means a prior endeavor or struggle. rivalry, which refers to a contest or activity. excitability, which means agitation.

230-231. omitted in H. 2. 15.

232. rí ima gabhail .i. im geall nó chreich. aithech do mhuin coimeirce .i. bodach ar a mbeith dhó ar coimeirce, nó tenn ar chúl aige.

232. he is under obligation. That is, it's a gamble or a risk. It's about protection for a person who supports him, whether it's a servant offering support or someone standing behind him.

233. .i. scolaire iar gcriochnughadh a leighen .i. iar leagha nó egluisech iar ndénamh ornaidhe. iar leaccad a araidhechta uadh .i. iar ccriochnughadh a term a nó aimsire.[Pg 43]

233. .i. school observed during learning .i. after reading or in a church after making it ornamental. after finishing or completing it .i. after concluding a term or time period.[Pg 43]

235. trí huais doibh .i. gar doilge doibh. .i. a n-urrdhas ar righ, ar esbog do bhrigh a leithe eneaclann an righ, nó inté atá na cronughadh ann. dul fri cath .i. dul a n-urrughas le cur catha. fri cimidh .i. dul a n-urrughas le brughaidh nó le siothcain. .i. secht neithe crosta donté rachadh a n-urrughas orra. dol ar dheoruighe .i. dol a n-urrughas. ar dhiaraigh .i. gan árus no coimhnaidhe aige. ar druith .i. duine gan céill, ar dhiaraigh .i. nach feidir árach air. ar angar .i. mac iongar. ar esccong (!) .i. senoir iar ndul a chéille uaidh. imnedhach dona gacha ráth (imṡníomhach go fírinnech gach urrughas díobh sin), .i. fulang dianbhás no dianollmhughadh no urfogra fa gach gealla dobheir aill ria n-aill iaromh .i. mionna a n-aghaidh mionn an ḟir oile .i. nach decha sé a n-urrudhas no le díola.

235. three choices for you: 1. act against you. 2. to confront the king, regarding the matter of his presence in the royal court, or wherever the discussions are happening. engage in battle; that is, to bring forth the fight. in pursuit; that is, to move towards a trap or ambush. 7 tough things you should be aware of as you engage with them. go as a messenger; that is, to move without having a home or shelter. go insane; that is, a person without sense. go as a messenger; that is, he cannot be assured of safety. go as a spy; that is, a hidden son. go at risk; that is, to leave while keeping a distance from him. suffer greatly in every occasion (truthfully powerless under each of their choices), that is, to endure extreme hunger or severe depletion or a flood of promises made merely as a trick against one another; namely, swearing against oneself with the pledge of another, meaning it’s impossible to restore his position or make a sale.

236. ag tioradh .i. ag goradh arbha.

236. at harvest, that is, at gathering the grain.

238. luchra .i. gaire nó genamh.

238. luck is not much or nothing at all.

239. .i. cia hiat na trí sonais dogheibh an duine sonadh? Ní handsa son .i. ní hainbhḟesach misi ar sin. iomarchor .i. iomchar. cuirm gan ára .i. deoch gan tech aige. .i. ar an tslighe go teghmaisech.

239. .i. What does it mean for someone to show true passion? It's not just a casual thing .i. it’s not something I get easily. Too much .i. too much. A celebration without purpose .i. a drink without a home. .i. on the way to something meaningful.

240. gaire .i. gaire maith.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ very good.

241. .i. do ní oirfide nó comhluadar i gcomhdáil. druith .i. amatán. foirsire abhlóir nó ursoire. oircc (sic) .i. mesan nó cú beg.

241. .i. to hear or companionship in assembly. druid .i. a novice. furnace or overflow. foul (sic) .i. a middle or small half.

243. léan .i. amhgar. brath .i. ar comarsan.

243. lean .i. cousin. betrayal .i. against rival.

244. a breith a ngó .i. gúbreith brégach. gan disle .i. faoi omhan gan árach. gan ailic .i. gan hailche 'na timchioll .i. rosg ⁊ fasach.

244. a birth of a lie, meaning a false birth. without protection, meaning without a shelter to hide under. without descent, meaning without a guardian around, meaning vision and wilderness.

246. duas .i. droichḟios.

__A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ two .i. particle.

247. socla (sic) .i. sochlú. suirge .i. le mnáibh.

247. socla (sic) .i. sochlú. suirge .i. by women.

248. .i. ceitheora da ttugann flaith mioscais nó nemhdhúil. baoth .i. leamh. uttmhall .i. roluath. fer labhar disceoil .i. labharrach cainntech gan sceol aige. fer coimhghne cuimhnech .i. go caoimhegna ⁊ cuimhne senchusa.

248. .i. eight who brings about royalty, chaotic or otherworldly. foolish .i. mischievous. .i. hasty. a man who speaks ungraciously .i. talkative without understanding. a considerate man who remembers .i. retains and recalls ancient knowledge.

251. somna .i. so-omhnach .i. so-eglach (!). sobraicch .i. sobríoghach.

251. you sleep .i. so-ominous .i. so-joyful (!). sorrowful .i. sorrowful.

252. condailbhe .i. bághach nó leathtaobhach. doingthe .i. doitenguighe.

253. trí sirrechta flatha .i. suthainghesa nó neithe bhíos toirmisc ar uasal. .i. fleadha gan ealadha da ḟaisnéis. .i. cuitechta gan donail píobaire 'na tosach.[Pg 44]

253. Three aspects of nobility are its qualities or the things that are forbidden to the noble. That is, nobility without any ulterior motives. That is, being virtuous without any nonsense from the piper at the start.[Pg 44]

[Pg 45]

INDEX LOCORUM

Ached Déo, 106.
Ae Chúalann, 38.
Ardmacha Armagh, 1, 34, 46.
Ard mBreccáin Ardbrackan, 23.
Ath Caille, 48.
Ath Clíath Duiblinne, 48, 50.
Ath Lúain Athlone, 48.

Bairenn the Burren, 58.
Banna the Bann, 40.
Belach Conglais Baltinglass, 50.
Belach Duiblinne, 50.
Belach Luimnig, 50.
Bennchor Bangor, 5, 44.
Benn mBoirchi Slieve Donard, 38.
Benntraige Bantry, 45.
Bérre Beare, 58.
Birra Birr, 108.
Bóand the Boyne, 40.
Braichlesan Brigde, 57.
Breifne, 58.

Caisel Cashel, 54.
Cathair Chonrúi, 36.
Cell Dara Kildare, 4, 34.
Cell Maignenn Kilmainham, 32.
Cell Rúaid, 30.
Cenannus Kells, 7.
Clúain Eidnech Clonenagh, 108.
Clúain Eois Clones, 53.
Clúain Ferta Brénainn Clonfert, 19.
Clúain Iraird Clonard, 3, 33, 53.
Clúain Maic Nóis Clonmacnois, 2, 34, 53.
Clúain Úama Cloyne, 12.
Connacht, 43, 237.
Corcach Cork, 16.
Crecraige, 43.[TN 45]
Crúachán Aigli Croagh Patrick, 38.
Crúachu Croghan, 35, 54.
Cúailgne Coolney, 43, 62.
Cúalu, 46.

Dairchaill, 27.
Daire Calgaig Derry, 32.
Derc Ferna, 42.
Druimm Fingin, 51.
- In Munster, famous for its fertility. See LL. 15^a 11.
Druimm Lethan Drumlane, 25.
Druimm nDrobeóil, 51.
Druimm Leithe, 51, 236.
Dublinn Dublin, 50.
Duma mBúrig, 106.
Dún Cáin Dunquin, 60.
Dún Cermna, 36.
Dún Dá Lethglas Downpatrick, 26.
Dún Sobairche Dunseverick, 36.

Ess Danainne, 55.
Ess Maige, 55.
Ess Rúaid Assaroe, 55.

Fid Déicsen i Tuirtri, 43.
Fid Moithre i Connachtaib, 43.
Fid Mór i Cúailgni, 43.
Findglais Finglas, 8.
Fobur Féichín Fore, 22.

Glasraige, 45.
Glenn Dá Locha Glendalough, 11, 33.
Glenn Dalláin Glencar, 236.

Imblech Ibair Emly, 15.
Inber Féile, 59.
Inber na mBárc, 59.
Inber Túaige, 59.
Inis Cathaig Scattery Island, 10, 237.

[Pg 46]

Lann Ela Lynally, 31, 44.
Léimm Conculainn Loop Head, 60.
Leithglend Leighlin, 108.
Less Mór Lismore, 14.
Lettir Dalláin, 236.
Loch nEchach Lough Neagh, 39.
Loch nErni Lough Erne, 39.
Loch Rí Lough Ree, 39.
Lothra Lorrha, 20.
Lúachair Dedad Logher, 61.
Lugbad Louth, 33.
Luimnech Limerick, 50.
Lusca Lusk, 6, 46.

Mag Crúachan, 52.
Mag mBile Moville, 28.
Mag mBreg, 52.
Mag Lí, 236.
Mag Lifi, 41, 52.
Mag Line, 41.
Mag Midi, 41.
Mugdorn Maigen Cremorne barony, 44.

Ráith mBoth Raphoe, 25.
Ráith Laidcniáin Rathlynan, 56.
Ross Ailithre Roscarbery, 17.
Ross Commáin Roscommon, 24.

Sinann the Shannon, 40.
Sláine Slane, 21.
Slíab Commáin, 56.
Slíab Cúa, 37.
Slíab Cúalann, 37.
Slíab Fúait the Fews, 61.
Slíab Mancháin, 56.
Slíab Mis, 37.
Slige Assail, 9, 49.
Slige Dála, 49.
Slige Midlúachra, 49.
Srub Brain, 60.

Tailtiu Teltown, 35.
Tamlachta Tallaght, 8.
Tech Cairnig, 9.
Tech Munna Taghmon, 32.
Temair Tara; gen. Temrach 54, 202.
Tipra Cuirp, 57.
- See Tog. Br. Dá Derga § 154, YBL.
Tipra na nDési, 57.
Tipra Uaráin Garaid, 57.
Tipra Uarbeóil, 57.
Tír Dá Glas Terryglas, 18.
Tír Eogain Tirowen, 236.
Tráig Baili, 47.
Tráig Lí Tralee, 61.
Tráig Ruis Airgit, 47.
Tráig Ruis Téiti, 47.
Tuirtri, 43.
Tulach na nEpscop, 106.
Tulen Dulane, 29.

Uam Chnogba Knowth, 42.
Uam Slángæ Slaney, 42.

INDEX NOMINUM

Colmán Ela, 35.
Corbmac mac Fáeláin, 62.

in Dagda 120, 237.
Dil, 236.

Eothaile, 107, 237.

Fergus mac Róich, 62.
Finn, 236.

Morrígan, 120.

Neithin, 120.
Ninníne éces, 62.

[Pg 47]

GLOSSARY

abartach, from abairt, practice, feat, a. escrai 231.

abartach, from abairt, practice, feat, a. escrai __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

abucht (abocht, abacht) a joke, jest 90.

joke __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

adbann a strain of music 89. With prothetic f., fadbann, ib. N.

ad-coillim I destroy, ruin 245.

ad-coillim I destroy, ruin __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

ái a cause, n. pl. ái 153, 174.

ái a cause, n. pl. ái __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__.

áibne f. delightfulness 23.

delightfulness __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

aigne m. a pleader, counsel, dag-a. 178.

aigne m. attorney, lawyer, dag-a. __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

ailbéimm n. a reproach 30.

ailbéimm n. a reproach __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

áilde f. beauty 206.

beauty __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

aill .. aill once ... again, now ... now 235.

aill .. aill once ... again, now ... now __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

ainchess bodily pain, acc. cen ainchiss 119. (ainces N).

ainmne f. patience 192, 251, dat. ainmnit 143. (ainmnet N).

ainmne f. patience __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__, dat. ainmnit __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_2__ (ainmnet N).

ainmnetach patient 174, 189.

ainmnetach patient __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__.

airberntas (airnbertas) m. (?) 180, 181.

airberntas (airnbertas) m. (?) __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__.

airbert a using, employing 178.

airbert using __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

air-gorad a scorching 140.

air-gorad a scorching __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

airisiu a narration, tale, cétna airisiu, Cóir Amn. 80. n. pl. airisena 102, 125.

airmed a certain dry measure 138. Corm. Tr. 68.. eirmed, .i. tomus, 4, 3, 18, 70^a. dorat do Patraic in n-airmid mini, Trip. 186, 9.

aithech-borg m., aithech-port m. a rent-paying town 33.

aithne n. (later f.) a deposit 87, 157, 249.; aithne ṡalainn 87 L.

alaig behaviour, demeanour 86.

alaig behavior, demeanor __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

all n. a rock, n. pl. trí all 200.

allabair an echo 107.; O'Dav. 144.

allabair an echo __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__; O'Dav. 144.

ana wealth 147, 239.

ana wealth __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__.

áne f. agility, deftness, skill 84.

agility, deftness, skill __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

an-ergnaid undignified 221.

an-ergnaid undignified __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

an-faitches m. carelessness 162.

an-faitches m. carelessness __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

an-fiad a bad welcome 70.

a bad welcome __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

an-gar unfilial, impious 159, 235.

an-gar unfilial, impious __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__.

an-idna f. impurity 109.

an-idna f. impurity __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

an-richt m. a misshapen person 84.

a distorted person __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

antrenn rough ground, gen. antreinn 147.

antrenn rough ground, gen. antreinn __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

apaig ripe 68.

apaig ripe __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

ar-cuillim I destroy, ruin 184.; verb-noun, gen. aircaillti, ib. (N).

ard-nemed m. a high dignitary 157.

high-ranking official __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

árech (árach) (1) a tie, fetter, gen. cú áraig 168.; (2) a bond, surety, acc. pl. cen áirche 74.; cin gealladh, cin airge, Laws II. 78, 4.

argius instruction (?), a. aiste 256. Cf. felmac fri ré na argaisi, Laws V. 364, 17.

aroslicim I open, aroslicet 204.

aroslicim I open, aroslicet __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

árus residence, habitation 218, 239.

vendor home, living space __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__.

ata which are 68, 69, 75, 76, &c.

ata that are __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_2__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_3__, &c.

ataid (?) 181.

ataid (?) __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

ath-chommus m. renunciation of control or authority 160.

athchosan, better athchomsan (later achmusan) a complaining 98.; tossach augrai athchosan, LL. 345^b18.

augra strife 213.

augra conflict __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

aupthach veneficus 185.

aupthach veneficus __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

aurla (1) a long lock of hair, .i. ciab, Corm. Tr. 166; (2) a person wearing aurla, a serf (?); mac aurlai (erlai) 152.

báithe foolishness 252.

báithe foolishness __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

banas m. womanhood, gen. dag-banais 180.; droch-banais 181.

banas m. womanhood, gen. dag-banais __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__; bad woman __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__.

ban-chorr f. a she-heron 237.

ban-chorr f. a she-heron __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

ban-lá a lucky day for women 216.

ban-lá a lucky day for women __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

belach n. a mountain-pass, n. pl. belaige 50.[Pg 48]

belach n. a mountain pass, n. pl. belaige 50.[Pg 48]

beó-athair m. a live father 151. Compare the following extract from H. 3, 18, p. 19b: Cest. Cid diatá "ní nais ná torbais"? Ar atáit nadmanna naisce ni na torbongat, ar ni rochat a nadmann naisce .i. mac beoathar for a athair, céile for a flaith, manach for a airchindech, hulach for inn aile, ar ní tobongat díb ar comrac, acht atá folaith gaibthi friu.

beó-athair m. a live father 151. Compare the following extract from H. 3, 18, p. 19b: Cest. Cid diatá "is it not enough or satisfying"? For the spirits of the living are not satisfying, nor do they reach the state of the living son for his father, a partner for his lord, a monk for his abbot, a servant for another, since they do not come at all in a contest, but it is a lordship that they gather for you.

béss perhaps 136.

béss maybe __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

binnech melodious, bó b. 85.

binnech melodious, bó b. __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

birit, f. a sow, gen. birite, 148. BM.

birit, f. a female pig, gen. birite, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ BM.

bithbenach m. a criminal 92. B.

bithbenach m. a criminal __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ B.

bocc m. a buck, he-goat, n. pl. buicc 230.

boccacht f. buckishness, obstinacy 101, 102.

boccacht f. playfulness, stubbornness __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__.

bolcra (?) 231. Cf. bolcaire m. a hector, O'Gr. Cat. 584, 4.

bolc-srónach having distended nostrils 231.

bolc-srónach having distended nostrils __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

bothach m. a hut-dweller, cottar 150.

bothach m. a hut-dweller, cottar __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

brén-ḟinn stinking or rotten hair, acc. pl. -a 105.

brodna (?) gen. brodnai 230.

brodna (?) gen. brodnai __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

bronn-galar m. a disease of the abdomen 224.

brugaide f. keeping a hostel, hospitality 134.

hospitality __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

búadnas a triumph, excellence, n. pl. -a 88. H.

búadnas a triumph, excellence, n. pl. -a __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ H.

cáer comraic 121. note.

cáer comraic __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ message.

cáin-thocad m. fair fortune, dat. cáin-thocud 110.

good luck __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

calad hard 176.; fer c. 147.

calad hard __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__; fer c. __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__.

cetludche f. lustfulness 209.

lustfulness __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

círmaire m. a comb-maker 117.

comb maker __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

cisne what are? 239.

cisne what are? __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

clithcha f. comfort (of dress) 182.

clithcha f. comfort (in clothing) __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

clochrad (clochrach?) a stone building(?) (from clochur?), n. pl. trí clochraid 34.

clúanaige m. a rogue 90, 104.

clúanaige m. a rogue __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__.

co-cless performing feats together 125.

co-cless doing tricks together __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

cóemna comfort, good cheer 6, 46.

comfort, good vibes __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__.

coim (coimm) a cloak 130.

cloak __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

coimgne (com-ecne) synchronistic knowledge; fer coimgni 248. = fer cumocni, Rev. Celt. vi. 165, 11.

coire a caldron 220. c. érma, c. goriath, c. áiged 127.

com-ar (W. cyf-ar) holding ploughland in common 125.

com-ar (W. cyf-ar) sharing farmland __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

com-chissiu an examination 119.

com-chissiu an examination __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

com-líth equally lucky 217.

com-líth equal luck __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

comneibe (?) 169.

comneibe (?) __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

com-rith (fri) a racing together 117.

com-rith (fri) a race together __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

con-beraim I bear liabilities 168.

con-beraim I carry debts __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

condailbe f. attachment, bias 193, 252.

attachment, bias __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__.

congna (collective) horns 105, 117.

congna (collective) horns __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__.

con-rannaim I share 164.

con-rannaim I share __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

con-tibim I mock 82.

con-tibim I mock __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

córad-gein a champion birth 148. BM.

córad-gein a champion birth __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ BM.

crann-dretel (?) 231.

crann-dretel (?) __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

crésine f. piety 196.

crésine f. devotion __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

crossán m. a buffoon 116.

clown __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

cúacróessach (?) 231.

cúcubracach (?) __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

cuilmen a volume, tome 62.

cuilmen a volume, tome __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

cuinnmíne f. kindliness 208.

kindness __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

daintech biting 168.; gl. dentatus Sg. 159.^b2.

daintech biting __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__; gl. dentatus Sg. 159.^b2.

debuid f. strife 98.

debuid f. strife __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

déicsiu a seeing, spying, gen. déicsen 43.

déicsiu watching, spying, gen. déicsen __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

deinmne impatience, dat. deinmnait 144.

deinmne impatience, dat. deinmnait __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

deirmitiu irreverence, gen. deirmiten 214.

deirmitiu irreverence, gen. deirmiten __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

derc a hole, cave 42.; dat. i nderc a oxaille, LU. 70^a45; resiu dorattar isin deirc, Lism. fo. 43^b1.

déss f. land, acc. déiss 167. (dés N); acc. pl. déissi, ib. L. See Cáin Adamnáin, p. 46.

dí-ainme f. an unblemished state 119.

dí-ainme f. an unblemished state __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

dían-apud a sudden notice 235.

dían-apud a sudden alert __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

dí-araig a person without bonds (árach) 235.

dí-araig a person without attachments (árach) __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

díbe a refusing, denying 212, LL 117^a43, 121^b9, 188^a2, 188^b33.

díbech refusing, denying 95.; .i. diultadach, C. 1, 2.

dí-chuimne f. lack of memory 245.; ar dermat nó díchumni, [Pg 49]LL. 74^a30.

dí-galrae f. sicklessness 119.

sicklessness __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

dí-grad n. hatred 217.

dí-grad n. hatred __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

dímainche f. uselessness 81.

uselessness __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

dímainecht f. uselessness 81. H.

uselessness __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ H.

dímosc (?) 172.

demosc __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

dínnime f. meanness, lowliness 191.; ferr trumma dínnimi, LL. 345^c30. Cf. dín[n]imus, Alex. 996.

dirna a stone 237.

dirna a stone __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

dí-sceóil taleless 248.

dí-sceóil taleless __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

díthechte f. non-possession 219.

non-possession __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

díthir a landless person, gen. díthir (díthire N) 165.

díthrub m. a desert, uninhabited place, n. pl. díthruib 43. In the later language it is inflected like treb (n.p. díthreba 43 BM).

díthrub m. a desert, uninhabited place, n. pl. díthruib 43. In the later language, it is inflected like treb (n.p. díthreba 43 BM).

diúite f. simplicity 24; LL. 294^a38. d. cridi, Lism. Lives 4543: Diúide ingen Slánchridi, Rawl. B. 512, 112²b2.

diultadach (diultach) fond of refusing 96 MB.

diultach fond of refusing __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ MB.

dlúithe f. compactness, obscurity (?) (of speech) 179.

dlúithe f. compactness, obscurity (?) (of speech) __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

doas m. ignorance 245.

doas m. ignorance __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

do-celaim I hide 84, 85.

do-celaim I hide __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__.

dochell niggardliness 144; Dochall ⁊ Díbe ⁊ Do[th]chernas, Rawl. B. 512, 112^b1.

dochlatu m. ill repute. gen. dochlatad 212.

dochlatu m. negative reputation. gen. dochlatad __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

do-chond m. an imbecile, gen. dochuind 153.

do-chond m. an idiot, gen. dochuind __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

dochraite f. oppression 153. Alex. 367, atchota daidbre d., LL. 345^c3.

dodeime (?) 237 (todeime L).

dodeime (?) __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ (todeime L).

dochta f. closeness 203.

dochta f. closeness __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

do-delb a misshapen person, acc. la dodelb (dodeilb B) 84.

dofortaim I pour out, spill, spoil, ruin, dofortat 186; dofortatar .i. dotodsat, MI. 124^d12.

do-gnás f. ill-breeding 81; gen. dognáise 209.

do-gnás f. bad behavior __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__; gen. dognáise __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__.

doingthe f. foulmouthedness 252; for do-thengthe.

doing the f. foulmouthedness __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__; for doing the.

doingthes m. id. 213.

doingthes m. id. __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

dolud loss, damage 198; gen. mét tar ndolaid, LL. 172^b33; in cach níth ba dáel dolaid, 157^b14.

dommatu m. poverty 198, Alex. 847.

dommatu m. poverty __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, Alex. 847.

dorenaim I pay a fine (díre) 158.

dorenaim I pay a fine (díre) __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

dotcad m. misfortune, n. pl. dotcaid 44, 64, 65, 71.

dotcad m. misfortune, n. pl. dotcaid __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_2__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_3__.

dotcadach unfortunate 135.

dotcadach unfortunate __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

doth a hatching, cach d. toirthech, LL. 293^b48; gen. in doithe 237; dat. do duth, ib.; gen. pl. cerce trí ndoth, O'Dav. 1375.

do-tongim I swear, ná dítoing 159.

do-tongim I swear, you won't regret __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

drithlennach full of sparks 65.

full of sparks __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

drús f. folly; gen. drúise 193.

drús f. foolishness; gen. drúise __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

duine-chin m. human crime 168.

human crime __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

dul in the phrases, dul ar to go security on behalf of 235; dul fri to go security for 235. See Glossary to Laws s.v. dul.

dulbaire f. lack of eloquence, bad delivery 179.

dulbaire f. lack of eloquence, poor delivery __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

dulsaine f. mockery 142; in cerd mac húi Dulsine, Corm. 37. Cf. dulaige, O'Dav. 622.

dúthracht f. good will, kindliness 225.

dúthracht f. goodwill, kindness __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

ech usci a water-horse 236.

a water-horse __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

echmuir(?) 184.

echmuir(?) __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

eisíne a young bird 237.

eisíne __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

eó m. a salmon: gen. iach 92; n. pl., iaich, LL. 297^a34.

eochair a key n. pl. eochracha 204.

eochair a key n. pl. eochracha __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

erchoille (?) 230.

erchoille (?) __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

erdonal f. a trumpeter, piper; eardanal .i. stucaire no píobaire, BB. 65 m.s. acc. cen erdonail 253.

érim n. a course, running, gen. érma 127. Later fem., ar tressa na hérma, LL. 110^a13.

erlam ready 239.

erlam set __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

errad n. dress, attire: gen. erraid 233.

errad n. dressing, clothing: gen. erraid __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

escaine a curse 20.

escaine a curse __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

esconn excommunicated 235.

esconn excommunicated __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

escra a cup for drawing wine 231.

escra a cup for wine __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

éscus (é-scíss) m. unweariedness 110 (esces N). daurnaisce .i. aurlattu nó greschae nó escas, H. 3, 18, 80^a.[Pg 50]

éscus (é-scíss) m. unweariedness 110 (esces N). daurnaisce .i. aurlattu or greschae or escas, H. 3, 18, 80^a.[Pg 50]

eserni (?) 231.

eserni (?) __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

eserte f. landlessness, vagrancy 74.

landlessness, vagrancy __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

espatu m. frivolity 214.

frivolity __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

étach (verb-n. of in-tugur, O'Mulc. 462) n. a dress; gen. étaig 182.

étaid jealous 95.

étaid jealous __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

etargaire a separating, interposing, mediating, 135, 154; LL. 31^b15; dligid ugra e. 345^d10.

etir-chert a decision 175.

etir-chert a decision __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

faigdech (foigdech.) m. a beggar 83, Aisl. M. 71, 21.

faiscsiu closeness (?) 192 (faicsi N).

faiscsiu closeness (?) __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ (faicsi N).

fássach a precedent 178; brithemnacht ar roscadaib ⁊ fasaigib, LU. 118^b.

fáthaige f. the gift of prophecy 192.

gift of prophecy __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

fáth-rann m. a witty quatrain 89; do fáthrannaib espa ⁊ airchetail, Otia Mers. III., p. 47, § 2.

fechemnas m. debtorship 170.

debtorship __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

féige f. sharpness, sagacity 78.

sharpness, sagacity __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

feras m. manhood, man's estate, gen. dag-ferais 196; droch-ferais 197. Cf. feras léiginn lectorship AU.

fer-lá n. a lucky day for men 217.

fescred (feiscre N.) 118 = feascradh 'shrivelling, decaying,' O'R. Cf. feasgor .i. dealugud, Lec. Voc. 403: dligid cach forcradach féscred, LL. 294^a9.

fescred (feiscre N.) 118 = feascradh 'shriveling, decaying,' O'R. Cf. feasgor .i. dealugud, Lec. Voc. 403: dligid cach forcradach féscred, LL. 294^a9.

fiad a welcome. n. pl. fiada (fiad L) 70.

fidchell (?) 142.

fidchell (?) __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

fid-nemed n. a sacred grove, sanctuary;[TN 158] 'lucus,' BB. 469^a46, O'Mulc. 830, n. pl. fidnemeda fírdorchra ⁊ cráeb-chaill comdígainn, C. Cath.

flett see plett.

flett check __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

fliuchaim I wet, rotfliuchus, 104.

I wet, rotfliuchus, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

fodb m. accoutrement, n. pl. fuidb 135.

fodb m. accessory, n. pl. fuidb __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

fo-crenaim (verb-n. fochraic) I bribe 261.[TN Yes, printed as 261]

foglaid m. a robber, gen. foglada 92.

foglaid m. a thief, gen. foglada __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

fo-glúaisim I move (trans.) 198.

I move __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

foichell f. hire, wages, gen. foichle 13.

foichell f. employment, wages, gen. foichle __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

foichne a blade of green corn 75: ith-ḟoichne .i. foichne in etha, O'Dav. 1080.

1. foilmnech roped, leashed, cú f. 169.

foilmnech roped, leashed, cú f. __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

2. foilmnech (fo-lémnech) ready to leap 91, 238.

2. foilmnech (fo-lémnech) ready to jump __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__.

foimrimm a using, usucaption, gen. foille foimrimme, LL. 344^c55; n. pl. -e 163, Laws.

fóindledach m. a waif 198.

fóindledach m. a homeless child __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

foll-derb f. a milk-pail, dat. hi foll-deirb 75, Laws.

fóindel m. a straying, n. pl. fóindil 181.

fomailt (verb-n. of fo-melim) f. usufruct 87.

fomailt (verb-n. of fo-melim) f. usufruct __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

fomus (verb-n. of fo-midiur) m. calculation (?) 118; béim co fomus, LU. 73^a1. béim co fommus, LL. 74^a26. roláosa, ol sé, fomus forsaní sin, LU. 58 24.

fo-naidm n. a contract 202.

contract __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

for-íadaim I close upon 203.

for-íadaim I close upon __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

for-ind-fedaim I relate. forindet 191: O'Dav. 511.

for-ind-fedaim I relate. forindet __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__: O'Dav. 511.

forngaire a proclaiming 140.

forngaire a proclaiming __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

forrach a measuring-rod 138, O'Don. Suppl.

forrach a measuring rod __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, O'Don. Suppl.

for-ṡnaidm (= for-naidm, with epenthetic s) n. an overreaching (?) 186: co fornadmaim níad náir, LU. 73^a7.

for-ṡnaidm (= for-naidm, with an additional s) n. an overreaching (?) 186: co fornadmaim níad náir, LU. 73^a7.

fortgellaim I give evidence, bear witness 138.

fortgellaim I testify, bear witness __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

for-tongim I swear, fortoinger (fortongar) 158.

for-tongim I swear, fortoinger (fortongar) __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

fossad steady, firm 174 (fossaid N).

fossad steady, firm __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ (fossaid N).

fossugud stability 28.

fossugud stability __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

fosta f. staidness, steadiness 180, 187, 194, 215, 218.

fosta f. calmness, consistency __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_2__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_3__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_4__.

fotha n. foundation, f. n-utmall 173. Cf. ní cóir in fotha utmall, Sg. 4^b.

fothirbe a field (?) 56, Trip. 82, 2; 168, 26.

freccor (verb-n. of fris-curim) opposition, objection 154, ML 131^a8.

frecra (verb-n. of fris-garim) n. an answer 174.

frith-nóill a counter-oath 165.

frith-nóill a counter-oath __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

fúaimm n. a din, noise 146, f. nglan, LL. 150^b4; f. in churaig risin tracht, YBL 89^b; n. pl. fúammann 146.

fúatche f. a snatching, carrying off 140.[Pg 51]

snatching, carrying off __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

fuchacht (fuichecht) f. copulation, cohabitation 155.

fuchacht (fuichecht) f. sex, living together __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

fuigliur I pronounce judgment, fuigletar 161.

fuigliur I judge, fuigletar __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

fuirec (verb-n. of foricim) m. preparation, n. pl. fuiric 97, 98.

fuirmed a sitting, placing, gen. aithne fuirmeda, 157.

fuirmed a sitting, placing, gen. aithne fuirmeda, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

fuirsire m. a juggler 241.

fuirsire m. juggler __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

gáir a cry, shout, n. pl. gártha 99 M.

gáir a cry, shout, n. pl. gártha __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ M.

gáis f. wisdom 177, gen. gáisse 178, 192, 251.

gáis f. wisdom __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, gen. gáisse __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_2__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_3__.

gáisse f. wisdom, acc. cen gáissi 176.

gáisse f. wisdom, acc. cen gáissi __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

gait (verb-noun of gataim) f. a taking away, carrying off, gen. fer gaite meirle 141.

gamnach f. a stripper, gen. gamnaige 234.

stripper __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

gart generosity 240.

gart generosity __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

gatach thievish 185.

gatch thievish __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

geir (?) 231.

geir (?) __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

gen f. a smile 91, n. pl. gena, ib.

genmnaide chaste 187, genmnaide ben aenfir, H. 3, 18, 79^b.

glass m. a lock, n. pl. glais 203.

goirt salted, bíad g. 70.

goirt salted, food g. __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

goriath (?) 127.

goriath (?) __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

grainne (?) 231.

grainne (?) __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

gréss handicraft 70, ferr g. soos, LL. 345^c51.

gríss heat, fever, ardour, fervour 224; colum co crábud, co ngrís, LL. 35^a48.

grith a cry, shout 99, n. pl. gretha, ib.

grith a cry, shout __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, n. pl. gretha, ib.

grúss (?) 143.

grúss (?) __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

gúala a large vessel, vat 255; n. pl. gúala, ib. Cf. iern-gúala.

íach (a late nom. formed from the oblique cases of eó) m. a salmon, gen. iaich 92, L.

íarduibe f. after-grief 67. Cf. íarnduba.

íarduibe f. after-grief __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__. Cf. íarnduba.

íarmur f. remnant, leavings 65.

íarmur f. remnant, leavings __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

íarnduba f. after-grief 125, 141.

íarnduba f. after-grief __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__.

íarraid foster-fee 149.

foster fee __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

im-bánad a growing pale 188.

im-bánad a growing pale __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

im-gellad a pledging oneself 101.

im-gellad a self-commitment __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

immarchor a conveying about or across 239.

immarchor a conveying about or across __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

immed n. plenty 178, 225.

plenty __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__.

imreson, O. Ir. imbressan (verb-n. of im-fresnaim) f. a wrangling 101, 252, acc. pro nom. imresain 193.

imraichne a mistake 101, imraithne 229 N.

imraichne a mistake __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, imraithne __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__ N.

im-thomailt f. food 149.

im-thomailt f. food __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

im-crenaim pay or buy mutually, imuscrenat 170.

pay or buy together, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

ind-chosc m. an indication, n. pl. ind-choisc 254.

in-crenaim I pay, buy 155. Enclitic: ní écriae. Ériu 1., p. 199, §21.

ír f. wrath 188. O'Dav. 1103.

ír f. wrath __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__. O'Dav. 1103.

itfa (?) 231. Cf. itfaide toile, LL. 344^c36.

labor talkative 248; bat l. fri labra, bat tó fri tó, LL. 346^a12.

lán the full-tide 237.

lán the full-tide __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

laxa f. inertness 212.

laxa f. inactivity __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

lén sloth 243; tossach lubra lén, LL. 345^b33.

lethiu broader, wider 235.

lethiu broader, wider __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

lia m. a stone, dat. liic 147.

lia m. a stone, dat. liic __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

litánacht f. singing the litany, 14.

litany singing, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

lobra = lomrad a stripping 218; gen. lomartha, ib.

luaithrind a pair of compasses, gen. lúd -e 118; fo chosmailius luaithrinde, Corm. 13, s.v. Coire Brecáin.

luchra a smile 238.

luchra a smile __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

lúd = lúth agility, quick motion 118. Wi. nimtha lúd hi cois nó il-láim, LU. 16^a5.

mad well, ní mad bíadsam, ní mad ríadsam 236.

mad well, I’m not mad at all, I’m not mad at 236.

máil blunt; simple-minded, witless, ingen m. 114.

dull; naive, foolish, ingen m. __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

méile f. lewdness 228; ben méile 223.[Pg 52]

méile f. lewdness __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__; ben méile __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__.

marb-dil dead chattel, Laws. acc. pl. marbdili 105.

marb-dil dead property, Laws. acc. pl. marbdili 105.

med a balance, scales 138.

med a balance, scales __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

meirle f. theft 141.

meirle f. theft __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

mer-aichne a mistake 229.

mer-aichne a mistake __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

meraige m. a fool, fop 103.

marriage m. a fool, fop __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

mí-airle evil counsel 243; tossach míarli malartcha, LL. 345^b37.

mí-airle evil counsel 243; tossed evil schemes, LL. 345^b37.

midlachas m. cowardice 197.

cowardice __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

mí-gairm n. an evil cry, nom. du. dá m. 124.

miscne, miscena (n. pl.) hatreds 179, 248.

hatreds __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__.

mí-thocad m. misfortune, ill-luck, gen. míthocaid 124; dat. míthocod 109.

mí-thocad m. misfortune, bad luck, gen. míthocaid 124; dat. míthocod 109.

mblecht (mblicht) in milk 146.

mblecht (mblicht) in milk __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

móaigim I increase, verb-n. gen. móaigthe 146.

móaigim I boost, verb-n. gen. móaigthe __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

muilleóir m. a miller, gen. muilleórach 234.

muilleóir m. a miller, gen. muilleórach __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

muimme f. a nurse, n. pl. muime 246, 247, muimmecha 130.

muin neck, back, in the phrase do m. 232 = de mhuin because of, in consequence of, Dinneen.

muin neck, back, in the phrase do m. 232 = de mhuin because of, as a result of, Dinneen.

nemed, m. a privileged person, gen. nemid filed 255.

nem-idna f. impurity 109 BM.

nem-idna f. impurity __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ BM.

nemthigur I constitute, neimthigedar 116-123, 202: Corm. s.v. níth: rofogluim sium in tréide nemthigius filid, Megn. Finn 19.

neóit churlishness, niggardliness 144.

neóit rudeness, stinginess __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

ness (1) .i. aurnise criad a clay furnace, H. 3, 18, 73b; gen. fri derc a neis, Corm. 33, 2; (2) the wooden mould or block in which the furnace of moist, soft clay, was formed;[128] bói crann ina láim .i. neas a ainm ⁊ is uime dogníther an urnise criad, Corm. 32 s. v. nescoit; (3) .i. mála cré a bag of (moulding) clay H. 1, 15.

ness (1) .i. aurnise criad a clay furnace, H. 3, 18, 73b; gen. fri derc a neis, Corm. 33, 2; (2) the wooden mold or block in which the furnace of moist, soft clay was formed;[128] bói crann ina láim .i. neas a ainm ⁊ is uime dogníther an urnise criad, Corm. 32 s. v. nescoit; (3) .i. mála cré a bag of (molding) clay H. 1, 15.

[128] I owe this explanation to Dr. P.W. Joyce.

[128] I want to thank Dr. P.W. Joyce for this explanation.

nóill an oath 165 (náill N); n. pl. nóill, ib.

ochán an urging, egging on 112. Cf. achain, Boroma 122.

ochtrach (later otrach) f. a dunghill, ML 129^c2; dat. for ochtraig 117 (otrach N).

óc-thigern m. a franklin 71.

óc-thigern m. a franklin __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

óil f. a cheek, gen. óile 116.

óil f. a cheek, gen. óile __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

oirce a lap-dog 241.

a lap dog __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

ordan dignity, gen. ordain 246, 254. With Triad 246, compare the following extract from H. 3, 18, p. 9b: Secht rann fichet (xx .i. ms) triasa (friasa ms) toet feab ⁊ ordan (ordain ms) do duine: tria gaireui, tria ainmnit, tria ḟostai, tria thói, tria forsadi, tria fogluim, tri domestai, tri étsecht fírindi, tri chocad fri clóine, tri indarba anfis, tri thochur[i]ud fis, tri trebairei, tri coitsecht fri forrsaidi, tri frecmorc fíren, tri filidhecht téchtai, tri ailge auscuichthi, tri airmitin sen, tri denam sinsire, tri ermitin flatha, tri airmidin ecnai, tri honoi[r] fithidre, tri timorgain cuibsi nó gnúisi, tri idhnai lámai, tri congain cuibsi, tri imrád bá[i]s, tria imrád nó décsin i nDia na ndúla.

ordan dignity, gen. ordain 246, 254. With Triad 246, compare the following extract from H. 3, 18, p. 9b: Secht rann fichet (xx .i. ms) triasa (friasa ms) toet feab & ordan (ordain ms) do duine: tria gaireui, tria ainmnit, tria ḟostai, tria thói, tria forsadi, tria fogluim, tri domestai, tri étsecht fírindi, tri chocad fri clóine, tri indarba anfis, tri thochur[i]ud fis, tri trebairei, tri coitsecht fri forrsaidi, tri frecmorc fíren, tri filidhecht téchtai, tri ailge auscuichthi, tri airmitin sen, tri denam sinsire, tri ermitin flatha, tri airmidin ecnai, tri honoi[r] fithidre, tri timorgain cuibsi nó gnúisi, tri idhnai lámai, tri congain cuibsi, tri imrád bá[i]s, tria imrád nó décsin i nDia na ndúla.

paitt f. a leather bottle, p. meda, LL. 117^a50; LU. 54^b22; gen. paitte 231; na paitte, LL. 117^b2; du. n. dá phait ḟína, LB. 129^a.

plett (flett) f. an edge 121; plet .i. nomen rinda dogníat cerda, H. 3, 18, p. 73: flét, O'R.

prap-chaillte (literally 'sudden hardness') f. closefistedness 212.

sudden hardness f. stinginess __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

ráth f. security, surety 235; gen. rátha 139.

security, surety __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__; gen. rátha __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__.

ráthaiges m. guarantorship 135, 248.

guarantorship __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__.

rathmaire f. bountifulness 211.

bountifulness __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

reclés an abbey-church 11.

reclés an abbey church __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

reithe m. a ram 117, 168.[Pg 53]

reithe m. a ram __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__.[Pg 53]

rige a stretching, extending 116.

rige a stretching, extending __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

rigne (raigne) f. stiffness 179: LL. 212^b15; rigne labartha, 345^d10.

roimse abundance 202.

roimse abundance __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

ronn a chain 121.

ronn a chain __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

rop m. a brute, n. pl. ruip, 168, 169. With Triad 168 compare the following extract from H. 3, 18, p. 8^b: Rofesar rupu tria fóindel caich laithiu dosliat fiachui dóine do cethrai .i. each cen cuibrich cech tráthai, cú cen cuibrech nó cen lomain laithe, muiccai cen mucalaig ndorcha.

ros-chullach m. a stallion 114.

stallion __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

ro-thé very hot, scalding 70; Aisl. M.

ro-thé very hot, scalding __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__; Aisl. M.

rucca f. shame 143.

shame __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

ruire m. a king, gen. pl. ruirech 202.

rúss a blushing 143; O'Dav. 1336, 1343, rús .i. grúaid, ut dicitur: co nach romna rús richt. Rús dono imdergad ⁊ gach nderg, H. 3, 18, 73^c.

sail a beam, prop, n. pl. sailge 101.

sail a beam, prop, n. pl. sailge __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

saill f. fat, bacon 170; gen. cia tiget na saille, LB. 260^b20; n pl. saillti 184.

sain-chor m. a special contract, gen. -chuir 151.

salánach dirty, filthy, n. pl. salanaig 230.

salánach dirty, filthy, n. pl. salanaig __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

saltraim I trample, rosaltrus 104.

saltraim I trample, rosaltrus __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

sámtha repose 189.

sámtha rest __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

sant f. avarice 115.

sant f. greed __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

scenb a startling (?) n. pl. scenb 106.

scenb a startling (?) n. pl. scenb __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

scéo and 223.

scéo and __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

scolóc a young student 233.

scolóc a young student __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

secnabbóite f. vice-abbotship 46.

vice-abbotship __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

seche a hide, skin 230.

seche a hide, skin __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

ségainn accomplished; an accomplished person, n. pl. ségainni, 89 (ségaind M ségainn N); ní rabha i nEirinn uile budh griabhdha nó bud segaine inás, Three Fragm. 34.

seim a rivet 172.

seim a rivet __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

seol (seola) child-bed 224.

seol (seola) crib __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

sírecht f. a tabu, .i. geis, O'Dav. 1482, who quotes triad 253.

sirite m. a wild man, sprite 114.

sirite m. a wild man, sprite __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

sit hush! 137; sit sit! Hib. Min. 78, 23.

sleith f. cohabiting with a woman without her knowledge 155; Aisl. M. O'Dav. 97.

sleith f. living with a woman without her knowledge 155; Aisl. M. O'Dav. 97.

slissén a chip, lath 169.

slissén a chip, lath __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

snáth f. a thread, gen. snáithe 75.

snáth f. a thread, gen. snáithe __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

so-bés m. good manners 84.

so-bés m. good manners __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

sobraid sober 251; sobraig, LL. 343^d3; sobraig cách co haltram, LL. 345^d45.

sobraide f. sobriety 187, 251.

sobriety __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__.

sochell liberality 210; LL. 345^b39.

sochell generosity __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__; LL. 345^b39.

sochlatu m. good repute, gen. sochlatad 211.

sochlatu m. great reputation, gen. sochlatad __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

sochoisc docile 251; n. pl. -e, CZ. iii. 451, 28.

sochoisce f. docility 194; tossach suthi s., LL. 345^b23.

so-delb f. a fine figure 85.

so-delb f. a fine figure __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

so-gnás f. good breeding 210; gen. sognáise 208.

good breeding __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__; gen. sognáise __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__.

soithnges m. wellspokenness 208, 251.

soithnges m. wellspokenness __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__.

soitcedach fortunate 239.

so it goes, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

somnath (^xso-múnad) easily taught, docile 251. Cf. O'Dav. 1481.

somnathe f. docility 251.

docility __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

són that 239.

són that __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

sotcad m. good fortune, gen. sotcaid 210.

sotcad m. good luck, gen. sotcaid __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

sotla f. pride 247.

sotla f. pride __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

so-thengtha well-spoken 251.

so-thengtha well-spoken __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

sproicept a preaching 111 B. sproicepht M.

sproicept a preaching __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ B. sproicepht M.

sreb f. 'the stream of milk drawn from a cow's teats at each tug,' Dinneen; gen. sreibe, 75 L.

sreb f. 'the stream of milk drawn from a cow's teats at each pull,' Dinneen; gen. sreibe, 75 L.

sreb immais 112 note.

sreb immais __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ message.

srithid f. 'the passage of milk from the breast.' O'R.: gen. srithide 75.

sruithe f. seniority 5.

seniority __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

sta hush! 137; Bodl. Corm. stata, Hib. Min. 78, 1.

súarcus m. mirth 210.

súarcus m. joy __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

suirge f. a courting, wooing, 247.

suirge f. a dating, , __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

suthaine f. lastingness, 182.[Pg 54]

suthaine f. durability, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.[Pg 54]

tacra a pleading, t. fergach 173 = LL. 345^d23.

tairisiu m. trustfulness 204.

trustfulness __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

tairismige f. obduracy 209.

tairismige f. obduracy __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

tair-leimm n. an alighting, a place of alighting; geis dí tochim cen tairlim, LL. 201^a11: n. pl. tairleme, 32.

taisec restitution, restoration 157. Laws, Aisl. M.

taisec restitution, restoration __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__. Laws, Aisl. M.

tal-chaire f. self-will, obstinacy 131.

self-will, obstinacy __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

tarcud a proposing 72, 73; t. do drochmnái, Aisl. M. 73, 26.

tarsunn m. a sauce; tarsand, O'Mulc. 612: n. pl. tarsuinn 184 (tarsunn L): torsnu, Aisl. M. 99, 7.

tascor a retinue, t. ríg 71, t. ríg nó espuic, O'Dav. 1501.

1. téite f. wantonness 18.

wantonness __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

2. téite a fair, gathering 88.

2. téite fair, gathering __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

tenn (teinn, tinn) sore, hurting, cluiche t. 90. Cf. mían leisan laoch lúaiter linn | cluiche ó nách biad duine tinn a game by which no one is hurt, Bruss. MS. 2569, fo. 65^a.

tenn (teinn, tinn) sore, hurting, game t. 90. Cf. mían leisan laoch lúaiter linn | game of a kind that doesn't hurt anyone, Bruss. MS. 2569, fo. 65^a.

tirdacht f. boorishness 229.

tirdacht f. rudeness __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

tlás f. weariness 132, 133.

tiredness __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__, __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_1__.

togním. m. (?) 219.

togním. m. (?) __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

toicthiu (?) 131.

toicthiu (?) __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

toimtiu f. opinion 136. Cf. mac toimten 'son of conjecture,' O'Dav. 1596.

tothucht substance 85. BB. 19^b14.

tothucht substance __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__. BB. 19^b14.

tradna a corncrake 129.

tradna a corncrake __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

trecheng a triad. For O.-Ir. trethenc, Wb. 29^c5 (Thes. I. 691).

trichem a fit of coughing; sen-t. 114. mod. tritheamh.

trichtach example, pattern (?) 27. is é didiu in fer sin ropo trichtach do Chorinntib ara techtatis an indmus amal ná techtatis, LB. 146^a32; ropo trichtach tra don eclais dílgedaig fo chosmailius ingen n-óg ná tabrat olc ar olc, acbt logud, ib.

trichtach example, pattern (?) 27. It was saidiu that this was a pattern for Chorinntib due to the lack of access to the endowment like a lack of access, LB. 146^a32; it was also a pattern for the church dedicated under the condition that a young girl would not suffer harm for wrongdoing, however, instead, ib.

tromdatu m. importunity 214.

tromdatu m. annoyance __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

tromm m. the elder-tree 129; gen. connud truimm, RC. vii., 298, 3.

trú a doomed person, dat. robud do throich 83 = Aisl. M. 71, 20.

trumma f. weightiness, self-importance 131.

trumma f. heaviness, self-importance __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

trusca f. leprosy 133 N.; clam-trusca AU. 950.

trusca f. leprosy __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ N.; clam-trusca AU. 950.

tuilféth a frown 142.

tuilféth a frown __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__.

tuisledach stumbling, offending 96 N.

tuisledach stumbling, offending __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__ N.

turtugud a compelling, forcing, violating 155: is tar turtugud nDé ⁊ Patraic cach gell ⁊ cach aitire, Cáin Domn.; LU. 74^a19, 123^a17; turtugud breth, LL. 344^b; turrtugad .i. timpud, H. 3, 18, 539^b; a turtad .i. per uim, O'Dav. 1151; turtad .i. coméicniugud, O'Mulc. H. 3, 18, 74^b, 866.

turtugud a compelling, forcing, violating 155: is tar turtugud nDé & Patraic every gell & every aitire, Cáin Domn.; LU. 74^a19, 123^a17; turtugud breth, LL. 344^b; turrtugad .i. timpud, H. 3, 18, 539^b; a turtad .i. per uim, O'Dav. 1151; turtad .i. coméicniugud, O'Mulc. H. 3, 18, 74^b, 866.

uais hard, difficult 220, 235; coruice uais nó angbocht, .i. is é iu t-uais ní ná raibe aice féin, O'Dav. 112.

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ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY

TODD LECTURE SERIES

VOLUME XIII.

KUNO MEYER, PhD.

THE TRIADS OF IRELAND

CONTENTS

PREFACE

THE TRIADS OF IRELAND

TRECHENG BRETH FÉNI INSO SÍS[1]

THE TRIADS OF IRELAND

GLOSSES AND NOTES

INDEX LOCORUM

INDEX NOMINUM

GLOSSARY