Tests of water, milk, blood, urine, mucus, pus, food products, drinks, medications, minerals, color additives, etc., for diagnostic, preventive, or other scientific purposes.

All analyses at these laboratories are carried out to ensure the best service possible based on the latest scientific advancements. The laboratories are well-equipped with high-quality reagent materials and the most efficient modern equipment and instruments. The estimated cost for some of the most commonly needed research is roughly indicated below:

The cost for other analyses, which can vary widely in scope, can only be provided after gaining a better understanding of the specific requirements of each case.

All pharmacists across the United States will receive and send orders for the Merck Analytics Lab.

Along with a summary of therapeutic uses and a classification of medications

A handy pocket reference guide

FOR THE

Active Physician

Including

Names and main synonyms, physical form and appearance, solubilities,
percentage strengths and physiological effects, therapeutic
uses, methods of administration and application,
regular and maximum dosage, incompatibles,
antidotes, precautionary requirements,
etc., etc.,—of the

CHEMICALS AND DRUGS COMMONLY USED IN TODAY'S MEDICAL PRACTICE

Collected from the latest reliable sources and published by

Merck & Co., New York

Copyright by Merck & Co., New York, 1899

MERCK'S MANUAL is created to address a need that every general practitioner often faces. Memory can be unreliable, especially for those who are busy and have a lot to think about. When the best treatment is required for cases that are a bit unusual, it can be tough, and sometimes impossible, to remember all the available remedies to choose the right one. Interestingly, it’s often the most knowledgeable person who faces this issue the most, as their mind is overloaded. However, all they need is a simple reminder to quickly regain control of the situation and prescribe exactly what their judgment indicates is necessary for the moment.

In MERCK'S MANUAL, doctors will find a comprehensive Ready-Reference Book that covers the entire relevant Materia Medica. A quick look through it right before or after seeing a patient will help refresh their memory, making it easier to come to a decision. In this compact book, they will find the essential information available in the extensive Dispensatories, along with the latest facts that will only be included in future editions of those works.

Part I provides a quick overview, in one alphabetical list, of all the medicines currently used by American professionals today. Part II includes a summary of therapeutic indications for using remedies, organized by the pathological conditions they address. Part III offers a classification of medications based on their physiological effects.

The publishers can confidently say that they have worked hard to create this small book to be a reliable and supportive resource for practitioners in their everyday tasks. They now release it with the strong belief that the more it is used, the more valuable it will become to its owner.

Pages 9-82.

Part One.—THE MATERIA MEDICA, as currently used by American Physicians. (Arranged alphabetically.)

This section contains all the simple medicinal substances (that is, drugs and chemicals) that are currently and widely used in medical practice in this country; or which, if they've been introduced too recently to be commonly used yet, are endorsed by respected experts in medical science;—also, the medicinally used pharmaceutical preparations recognized by the United States Pharmacopoeia.

There is also a section called "Foods and Dietetic Preparations," which includes a list of products commonly recommended for infants' diets, as well as for those who are ill or recovering.

Omitted from the Materia Medica chapter are: medications that have become outdated, or that are used so infrequently they aren't generally relevant; and new treatments that haven't yet been reliably validated; also those formulations (syrups, extracts, pills, essences, elixirs, wines, emulsions, etc.) that aren't standardized according to the U.S. Pharmacopœia; as well as all products that are packaged and marketed for self-medication by the general public.

Separate Titles in the alphabetical series are typically assigned to botanical drugs and other pharmaceutical raw materials, to key components (alkaloids, glucosides, organic acids, etc.), and to chemical compounds (salts, "synthetics," etc.); whereas the official galenic preparations, solutions, and dilutions that come from them are mostly listed under the names of their respective raw materials. (For example, "Dover's Powder" can be found under "Opium," while "Morphine" is detailed under its own title.)

Pages 83-184.

Part Two.—THERAPEUTIC INDICATIONS for using the Materia Medica and other agents. (Organized alphabetically under the titles of different Pathologic Conditions.)

This section summarizes briefly the main treatment methods for each type of disease, as currently practiced by professionals. The information here is sourced from the standard works of prominent modern writers on Therapeutics and is also supplemented—when it comes to specific chemicals that have been introduced recently—by reports from respected clinical researchers.

Pages 185–192.

Part Three.—CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICATIONS based on their Physiological Actions. (Listed alphabetically under the titles of the Actions.)

This section gives an overview, for easy review, the statements that are already provided in "Part I," regarding how different medications work.

For details, see __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_0__

ABBR.

Merck's 1899 Manual.

Attention readers:—

The GALENIC PREPARATIONS of the United States Pharmacopœia, when not listed under their own names, will be found under the names of the drugs they come from.

FOODS AND DIETETIC PRODUCTS can be found under the heading: "Foods"; while Digestants, Hematinics, and others are categorized under their own specific headings.

small text is used for botanical drugs, gums, and some other older drugs and preparations that are so well-known they don’t need much description.

Those products with the MERCK brand available on the market are labeled accordingly for easier prescribing.

Absinthin Merck.

ABSINTHIIN—Yellow-brown, amorphous or crystalline powder; very bitter.—Sun. in alcohol, chloroform; slightly soluble in ether; insoluble in water.—Bitter tonic (for loss of appetite, constipation, chlorosis, etc.).—Dosage: 11/2—4 grains.

Absinthium—USP

Wormwood.—Dose: 20—40 grams.—Infusion (1—2:64) and oil (D., 1—3 min.) used.

Acacia—U.S. Patent.

Gum Arabic.—Sun. in water, insol. in alcohol.—Preparations: Mucilage, Syr.—both carriers.

Acetanilid Merck—U.S.P.—Crystal or Powder.

Antifebrin.—White scales or powder; odorless; burning taste.—Sun. in 194 parts water, 5 alcohol, 18 ether; highly soluble in chloroform.—Antipyretic, Analgesic, Antirheumatic, Antiseptic.—Uses: Internally, for fever, rheumatism, headache, alcoholism, delirium, neuralgia, sleeplessness in children, etc.; Externally, similar to iodoform, and as a preservative for hypodermic solutions (1:500).—Dose: 3–10 grains, in powder, alcoholic solution, or hot water cooled down and sweetened to taste. Max. Dose: 15 grains single, 60 grains daily.—Warning: Avoid large doses in fever!

Acetyl-phenyl-hydrazine by Merck.

Hydracetin; Pyrodin.—Prisms or tablets: silky shine; odor; taste.—Sun. in 50 parts water; in alcohol, chloroform.—Antipyretic, Analgesic, Antiparasitic—Uses: Internally, to lower fever generally, in rheumatism, etc.; externally, for psoriasis and other skin conditions.—Dose: 1/2—3 grn.—Outside in 10% ointment.

Acetic Acid, Merck.—Glacial.—U.S.P.—99.5%.—C.P.

Caustic (in warts or corns) and blistering. Not for internal use.—Antidotes: Emetics, magnesium, chalk, soap, oil, etc.

Acetic Acid, Merck.—U.S.P.—36%.

Dose: 15–40 mg, well diluted.

Diluted Acetic Acid—U.S.P.

6 percent.—Dose: 2—4 grams.

Acid, Agaricic, Merck.

Agaric, Laricic or Agaricinic Acid.—Powder; odorless; almost tasteless.—Sun. in ether or chloroform; in 130 parts cold and 10 parts boiling alcohol.—Antihidrotic.—Uses: Night sweats from tuberculosis, and to reduce the sweating effects of antipyretics.—Dose: 1/6—1/2 grain, at night, in pills.

Acid, Arsenous, Merck.—U.S.P.—Pure Powder.

White powder; odorless; tasteless.—Soluble very slightly in water or alcohol.—Antiperiodic, Antiseptic, Alterative.—Uses: Internally, for malarial fever, skin diseases, chorea, neuralgia, gastralgia, uterine disorders, diabetes, bronchitis; Externally, to remove warts, cancers, etc.—Dose: 1/60—1/30 grain, 4 times daily.—Max Dose: About 1/12 grain single; about 1/6 grain daily.—Preparation: Solution (1%).—Externally on neoplasms in large amounts to get quick results: otherwise, it is dangerous. Keep away from healthy tissues to avoid dangerous absorption.—Antidotes: Emetics; use a stomach pump or siphon if seen immediately; hot milk and water with zinc sulfate or mustard. After vomiting, give milk or eggs, and magnesia in milk. If saccharated oxide of iron or dialyzed iron is available, use it. If tincture of iron and ammonia water are nearby, precipitate the former with the latter, collect the precipitate on a strainer, and give it wet. Always provide antidotes, no matter how hopeless the case seems.—Incompatibles: Tannic acid, infusion of cinchona, salts of iron, magnesium, etc.

Benzoic Acid, from Benzoin—Merck—U.S.P.—Sublimed.

Pearly plates or needles; fragrant smell and taste.—Sun. in 2 parts alcohol; 3 parts ether; 7 parts chloroform; 10 parts glycerin; 500 parts water. (Borax or sodium phosphate increases sol. in water.)—Antiseptic, Antipyretic, Expectorant.—Uses: Internally, to acidify phosphatic urine, lower acidity of uric acid urine, manage urinary incontinence, also for chronic bronchitis and jaundice; Externally, wound dressing (1:100), for hives, etc.—Dose: 10—40 grains, 6 times daily.—Incompatibles: Corrosive sublimate, lead acetate, etc.

Acid, Boric, Merck.—U.S.P.—C.P., Crystalline or Fine Powder.

Dose: 5–15 g.

Acid, Camphoric, Merck.—C.P., Crystals.

Colorless, needle-like or scale-like; slight odor; weakly acidic taste.—Sol. in alcohol, ether; very slightly soluble in water; 50 parts fats or oils.—Antihidrotic, Antiseptic, Astringent, Anti-catarrhal.—Uses: Extern., 2–6% aqueous solution, with 11% alcohol for each 1% of acid, for acute skin diseases, as a gargle or spray for acute and chronic respiratory tract conditions; Intern., for night sweats, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, gonorrhea, angina, chronic cystitis, etc.—Dose: 8–30 grains, in powder form.—Max D.: 60 grains.

Acid, Carbolic, Merck.—Pure, C.P., Loose Crystals or Fused.—U.S.P.

Phenolic compound.—Dose: 1/2—2 grams, well diluted or in pills.—Preparations: Glycerite (20%); Ointment (5%).—Antidotes: Soluble alkaline sulfates after vomiting induced with zinc sulfate; raw egg whites; calcium saccharate; stimulants given by injection.—Incompatible items: Chloral hydrate, ferrous sulfate.

Merck's "Silver Label" Carbolic Acid is guaranteed not to turn red when stored correctly.

Acid, Carbolic, Iodized, Merck.—N.F.

Iodine-Enhanced Phenol.—Solution of iodine in carbolic acid.—Antiseptic, Escharotic.—Uses: Uterine dilation.—Applied pure, by injection.

Acid, Caryophyllic,—see Eugenol.

Acid, Cetraric,—see Cetrarin.

Acid, Chloracetic, caustic, Merck.

Mixture of chlorinated acetic acids.—Colorless liquid.—Uses: Burning agent.

Acid, Chromic, Merck.—Highly Pure, Crystalline; also available Fused, in Pencils.

Incompatible items: Alcohol, ether, glycerin, nitrous ether, arsenous acid, and almost every organic substance.—Warning: Dangerous accidents can happen through contact with organic substances. Avoid using cork stoppers!

Chrysophanic acid, medicinal—see—Chrysarobin.

Acid, Cinnamic, Merck.—C.P.

Cinnamic Acid.—White scales; scent.—Sol. in alcohol, ether; very slightly in water.—Antitubercular, Antiseptic.—Uses: Tuberculosis and lupus, used through parenchymal injection and intravenously.—Applied in a 5% emulsion or alcoholic solution.—Injection (intravenously): 3/4—3/4 grain, in a 5% oily emulsion, with a 0.7% solution of sodium chloride, twice a week.

Acid, Citric, Merck.—C.P., Cryst. or Powd.

Sun. in water, alcohol.—Antiseptic, Antiscorbutic, and Refrigerant.—Uses: Extern., for post-partum bleeding; itching; a helpful treatment for diphtheria, sore throat, or gangrenous mouth sores; intern., a refreshing drink to reduce fever and a treatment for scurvy.—Dose: 10—30 grn.—Preparation: Syr. (1%).—External., for throat application, 5—10% solution in glycerin; gargle, 1—2%; cooling drink, 80 grn. to 1 quart.

Acid, Cresotic, Para-, Merck. — Pure.

White needles.—Sun. in alcohol, ether, chloroform.—Children's Antipyretic, Intestinal Antiseptic.—Uses: Fever-related issues, gastro-intestinal inflammation. Mostly used as Sodium paracresotate (see that entry).—Dose (acid): Antipyretic, 2—20 grains, based on age; intestinal antiseptic (for children’s illnesses), 3/4—1 grain, in a mixture.—Max. D.: 60 grains.

Acid, Dichloroacetic, Merck.—Pure.

Colorl. liq.—Sun. in water, alcohol.—Caustic.—Uses: Venereal and skin diseases.

Acid, Filicic, Merck.—Amorphous.

Filicinic Acid.—Amorphous, sticky powder; odorless; tasteless.—Anthelmintic.—Dose: 8—15 grains.

Acid, Gallic, Merck.—U.S.P.—Pure, White Crystals.

Dose: 5—20 g.—Incompatibles: Ferric salts.

Hydrobromic Acid, Merck.—Diluted.—U.S.P.—10%.

Dose: 30—90 ♏, in sweet water.

Hydrochloric Acid—U.S.P.

31.9% HCl.—Dose: 5—10 minims, properly diluted.—Antidotes: Chalk, whiting, magnesia, alkaline carbonates, and albumen.—Incompatibles: Alkalies, silver salts, chlorates, lead salts, etc.

Diluted Hydrochloric Acid—U.S.P.

10 percent HCl.—Dose: 10—30 drops, in sweetened water.

Diluted Hydrocyanic Acid—U.S.P.

2 percent HCN—Dose: 2—5 min.—Max Dose: 10 min.—External. 1: 8—16 as lotion, only on unbroken skin.—Warning: Very prone to decomposition. If it turns brown, it is no longer safe to use.

Hydroiodic Acid, Merck.—Sp. Gr. 1.5.—47%.

Deep brown, steaming liquid.—Antirheumatic, Alterative.—Uses: Rheumatism, bronchitis (acute or chronic), asthma, syphilis, obesity, psoriasis, to remove mercury or arsenic from the body, etc.—Dose: 5—10 ♏, in a lot of sweet water.

Acid, Hypophosphorous, Merck.—Diluted.—10%.

Dose: 10-60 mg.

Acid, Lactic, Merck — U.S.P. — C.P.

Caustic—Applied as 50–80% paint.

Merck's Lactic Acid is completely clear and has no smell.

Acid, Laricic,—see Acid, Agaricic.

Monochloroacetic Acid, Merck.

Very absorbent crystal.—Solution. in water.—Caustic.—Uses: Warts, corns, etc.—Applied in concentrated solution.

Nitric Acid—U.S.P.

68 percent HNO₃.—Used (as an Escharotic) pure.—Antidotes: Same as those for hydrochloric acid.

Diluted Nitric Acid—U.S.P.

10 percent HNO₃.—Dose: 5—30 minims, properly diluted.

Diluted Nitric Acid - U.S.P.

One-fifth strength of concentrated, which is not used therapeutically.—Uses: Internally: jaundice, gallstones, indigestion, chronic rheumatism, etc.; Externally: diluted as a sponge or foot bath, 2 or 3 times a week.—Dose: 5–20 drops, well diluted.—Antidotes and Incompatibles: The same as hydrochloric acid.

Acid, Osmic,—see Acid, Perosmic.

Oxalic Acid, Merck.—C.P., Cryst.

Transparent crystal; very acidic taste.—Sol. in water, alcohol; slightly in ether.—Emmenagogue, sedative.—Uses: Functional amenorrhea, acute cystitis.—Dose: 1/2—1 gr every 4 hours, in sweetened water.—Cures: Calcium saccharate, chalk, lime water, magnesium.—Incompatibles: Iron and its salts, calcium salts, alkalis.

Acid, Oxy-naphtoic, Alpha-, Merck.—Pure.

White or yellowish powder; odorless; causes sneezing.—Sol. in alcohol, chloroform, fixed oils, aqueous solutions of alkalies and alkali carbonates; insoluble in water.—Antiparasitic, Antizymotic.—Uses: Internal: disinfects the intestinal tract (reported to be 5 times more effective than salicylic acid); External: used in parasitic skin diseases (in 10% ointment), colds, etc.—Dose: 11/2—3 grains.

Acid, Perosmic, Merck.

Osmium Tetroxide.—Yellowish needles with a very strong, unpleasant odor.—Sol. in water, alcohol, ether.—Pain reliever, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant.—Applications: Internally, for muscular rheumatism and neuralgia; externally, to remove tumors and for sciatica (by injection).—Dose: 1/64 grn., several times daily.—Shot: 1/20—1/6 grn. as a 1% solution in aqueous glycerin (40%)—Antidote: Hydrogen sulfide.—Incompatibles: Organic substances, phosphorus, ferrous sulfate, etc.—Warning: Vapor is extremely irritating to the air passages.

Phosphoric Acid (Ortho-), Merck.—Syrupy.—85%.

Dose: 2—6 ♏, diluted properly.

do. Merck.—Diluted.—10%.

Dose: 20—60 ♏.—Incompatibles: Ferric chloride, lead acetate, etc.

Acid, Picric, Merck.—C.P., Cryst.

Picronitric, Picrinic, or Carbazotic Acid.—Yellow crystals; odor; extremely bitter.—Sun. in alcohol, ether, chloroform; slightly in water.—Antiperiodic, Antiseptic, Astringent.—Uses: Internally, for malaria, trichiniasis, etc.; Externally, for erysipelas, eczema, burns, cracked nipples, etc.: 1/10% solution for cracked nipples, 1/2—1% hydro-alcoholic solution on a compress changed only every 3 to 7 days for burns.—Dose: 1/2—2 grains, in alcoholic solution.—Max. D.: 5 grains.—Cure: Albumen.—Incompatible items: All oxidizable substances. Dangerously explosive with sulfur, phosphorus, etc.—Warning: Do not apply in pure form or in ointment, or toxic symptoms may occur!

Acid, Pyrogallic, Merck, (Pyrogallol, U.S.P.)—Recrystallized.

Used only extern., in 5-10% ointment.

Salicylic Acid, Merck.—U.S.P.—C.P., Cryst.; and Natural (from Oil of Wintergreen).

Dose: 10-40 grains.

Acid, Sozolic,—see Aseptol.

Acid, Sulpho-anilic, Merck.—Crystals.

White fluffy needles.—Sun. slightly in alcohol; 112 parts water.—Anticatarrhal, Pain reliever.—Uses: Internal., runny nose, catarrhal laryngitis, etc.—Dose: 10—20 grains, 1 to 2 times daily, in an aqueous solution with sodium bicarbonate.

Acid, Sulfo-salicylic, Merck.

White crystal.—Sol. in water, alcohol.—Uses: Sensitive urine-albumin test.

Sulfuric Acid, Aromatic—U.S.P.

20 percent H₂SO₄.—Best way to take it.—Dosage: 10—20 min.

Diluted Sulfuric Acid—U.S.P.

10 percent H₂SO₄.—(Concentrated sulfuric acid is not used for medical purposes.)—Uses: Internal, gastrointestinal disorders, night sweats from tuberculosis, Graves' disease, etc.; also used as a solvent for quinine sulfate, etc.—Dose: 15–30 min, well diluted.—Antidotes: Same as those for hydrochloric acid.

Sulfuric Acid—U.S.P.

6.4 percent SO₂.—Antiseptic, Antizymotic.—Dose: 15—60 min., well diluted. External. 10—25 percent solution.

Acid, Tannic, Merck.—U.S.P.—C.P., Light.

Dose: 2—20 grams.—Preparations: Styptic Collodion (20%); Glycerite (20%); Ointment (20%); Troches (1 gram).—Incompatibles: Ferrous and ferric salts, antimony and potassium tartrate, lime water, alkaloids, albumen, gelatin, starch.

Acid, Tartaric, Merck.—U.S.P.—C.P., Cryst. or Powd.

Dose: 10–30 grams.

Trichloroacetic Acid, Merck.—Pure, Cryst.

Deliquescent crystals; strong, suffocating smell; caustic. Sol. dissolves easily in water, alcohol, ether.—Escharotic, astringent, hemostatic.—Uses: for treating venereal and skin warts, papillomas, vascular nevi, pigment spots, corns, nosebleeds, stubborn gleet, gonorrhea, nasopharyngeal issues, and chronic ulcers.—Applied: as escharotic, pure or in concentrated solution; astringent and hemostatic, 1—3% solution.—Warning: Store in a glass-stoppered bottle.

Acid, Valerianic, Merck.

Oily liquid with a strong valerian smell; it has a bitter, burning taste.—Sun. in water, alcohol, ether, chloroform.—Antispasmodic, Sedative.—Uses: Nervous conditions, hysteria, mania, etc.—Dose: 2—10 drops in sweetened water.

Aconite Root—U.S.P.

Preparations: Ext. (D., 1/4—1/2 grn.), F.E. (D. 1/4—1 min.); Tr. (q.v.).—See also, Aconitine.

Aconitine, Potent, Merck.—Cryst.—(Don't confuse with the "Mild"!)

Alkaloid from Aconite, prepared according to Duquesnel's process.—White crystals; slightly bitter taste.—Sun. in alcohol, ether, chloroform; insoluble in water.—Antineuralgic, Diuretic, Sudorific, Anodyne.—Uses: Internal: neuralgia, acute or chronic rheumatism, gout, toothache, etc.; External: rheumatism, other pains.—Dose: 1/640—1/200 grain several times daily, in pill or solution, with caution.—Max D.: 1/64 grain single; 1/20 grain daily.—External: 1:2000—500 parts lard.—Antidotes: Small repeated doses of stimulants; artificial respiration, atropine, digitalis, ammonia.—Warning: Never use on broken skin. Risk of absorption! 10 times as toxic as the mild amorphous aconitine (below)!

Aconitine, Mild, Merck.—Amorph.—(Don't confuse it with the "Potent"!)

Uses: As aconitine, it's potent and crystalline; but only 1/10 as powerful.—Dose: 1/64—1/20 grain, increased very cautiously.—External. 1/2—2% ointment or solution.

Aconitine Nitrate Merck.—Crystal.

Dose: Same as aconitine, potent, crystal.

Merck Lanolin Hydrous.—U.S.P.

Hydrated Lanolin.—A yellowish-white, greasy substance. Contains about 25% water. Easily absorbs water and aqueous solutions.—Non-irritating, long-lasting moisturizer, and a base for ointments and creams; alternative for lanolin in all its applications.

Anhydrous Lanolin.

Anhydrous Wool-fat - Contains less than 1% water.

Adonidin Merck.

Adonin.—Yellowish-brown, very moisture-absorbing, no smell powder; extremely bitter.—Sun. in water, alcohol; not soluble in ether, chloroform.—Cardiac stimulant, mild diuretic.—Uses: Heart conditions, especially mitral and aortic regurgitation, and for relieving chest pain and shortness of breath.—Dose: 1/16—1/4 grain, 4 times daily, in a pill, or dissolved in chloroform water with ammonium carbonate.—Max D.: 1 grain.

Agaricin Merck.

White powder; sweet, with a bitter aftertaste.—Sun. in alcohol; slightly in water, ether, or chloroform.—Antihidrotic.—Uses: Cough-related night sweats, sweating caused by medications.—Dose: 1/4—1 grain.

Airol.

Bismuth Oxyiodogallate, Roche.—Grayish-green, powder with no smell or taste.—Insolvency. in water, alcohol, etc.—Surgical antiseptic, similar to iodoform; also used as an antigonorrheal and intestinal astringent.—Dose: 2–5 grains, 3 times daily.—External. use pure, or as a 10% emulsion in equal parts glycerin and water, or a 10–20% ointment.

Alantol Merck.

Amber liquid; smells and tastes like peppermint.—Solution in alcohol, chloroform, ether.—Internal antiseptic, anti-inflammatory.—Uses: As a substitute for turpentine in respiratory issues.—Dose: 1/6 ♏, 10 drops daily, in pill, powder, or alcoholic solution.

Alcohol—U.S.P.

91%—Sp. Gr. 0.820.

Aletris Drink.

Not completely defined.—(Stated: "Made from Aletris farinosa [or True Unicorn], mixed with aromatic substances.—Uterine Tonic and Restorative.—Dose: 1 fl. dr. 3 or 4 times a day.")

Allyl Tribromide Merck.

Yellow liquid; crystalline mass when cold.—Sun. in alcohol, ether.—Sedative, Antispasmodic. Applications: Hysteria, asthma, whooping cough, etc.—Dose: 5—10 ♏, 2 or 3 times daily, in capsules.—Injection: 2 or 3 drops in 20 drops ether.

Bitter Almond—U.S.P.

Preparations: Oil (D., one-sixth to Below is a short piece of text (5 words or fewer). Modernize it into contemporary English if there's enough context, but do not add or omit any information. If context is insufficient, return it unchanged. Do not add commentary, and do not modify any placeholders. If you see placeholders of the form __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_x__, you must keep them exactly as-is so they can be replaced with links. min.); Spt. (1 percent oil); Water (q.v.).

Sweet Almond—U.S.P.

Preparations: Emulsifier (as a vehicle); Oil (D., 2—8 drams); Syrup (as a vehicle).

Aloe, Barbados—U.S.P.

Dose: 2—20 grams.

Purified Aloes—U.S.P.

From Socotrine Aloes.—Dose: 1—10 gr.—Preparations: Pills (2 gr.); Aloe and Asafetida Pills; Aloe and Iron Pills; Aloe and Mastic Pills; Aloe and Myrrh Pills; Tincture (1:10); Aloe and Myrrh Tincture.

Aloe Vera, Socotrine—U.S.P.

Dose: 2–10 grams—Preparation: Extract (D., 1–5 grams).

Aloin Merck.—U.S.P.—C.P.

Barbaloin.—Dosage: 1/2—2 grains.—Max Dose: 4 grains single, 10 grains daily.—Shot 1/4 grain dissolved in formamide.

Merck's Aloin, C.P., is clearly soluble, and meets all other requirements of U.S.P.

Althea—U.S. Patent Office

Marshmallow.—Preparation: Syrup (1:20), as vehicle.

Alums:—Ammonium; Ammonium Iron; Potassium,—see Aluminum and ammonium sulfate; iron and ferric ammonium sulfate; and aluminum and potassium sulfate.

Aluminum Acetate Merck.—Basic.

Gummy mass or granular powder.—Insoluble in water.—Uses: Internal: diarrhea and dysentery; External: cleaning dirty wounds.—Dose: 5—10 grains, 3 times daily.

Merck Aluminium Aceto-tartrate.

Lustrous, yellowish granules; sour and astringent taste.—Sun. dissolves freely but very slowly in water; insoluble in alcohol, ether, and glycerin.—Powerful disinfectant and astringent.—Uses: Mainly for treating respiratory diseases.—Applied in Below is a short piece of text (5 words or fewer). Modernize it into contemporary English if there's enough context, but do not add or omit any information. If context is insufficient, return it unchanged. Do not add commentary, and do not modify any placeholders. If you see placeholders of the form __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_x__, you must keep them exactly as-is so they can be replaced with links. 1/2 to 2% solutions; or as snuff, mixed with 1/2 its weight of powdered boric acid; 50% solution for chilblains.

Aluminum Sulfate Merck.—U.S.P.—Pure.

White lumps or powder; odorless; sweet-astringent taste.—Solution in 1.2 parts water.—External antiseptic, caustic, astringent.—Uses: Foul ulcers, foul discharges; enlarged tonsils, scrofulous and cancerous ulcers; endometritis; nasal polyps, etc.—Applied in 1:20 to 1:100 solution, or concentrated solution.

Aluminum & Potassium Sulfate Merck.—(Alum, U.S.P.)—C.P. Crystal or Powder; Pure, Burnt; and in Pencils (Plain or Mounted).

Dose: 5—15 grams; emetic, 1—2 teaspoons.

Adonidin Merck.

Adonin.—Yellowish-brown, very moisture-absorbing, odorless powder; extremely bitter.—Sol. in water, alcohol; insoluble in ether, chloroform.—Cardiac stimulant, mild diuretic.—Uses: Heart diseases, especially mitral and aortic regurgitation, and for relieving chest pain and shortness of breath.—Dose: 1/16—1/4 grain, 4 times daily, in pill form or dissolved in chloroform water with ammonium carbonate.—Max D.: 1 grain.

Agaricin Merck.

White powder; sweet, with a bitter aftertaste.—Sol. in alcohol; slightly in water, ether, or chloroform.—Antihidrotic.—Uses: Night sweats from tuberculosis, sweating caused by medications.—Dose: 1/4—1 grain.

Air Quality.

Bismuth Oxyiodogallate, Roche.—Grayish-green, odorless, tasteless powder.—Bankrupt. in water, alcohol, etc.—Surgical antiseptic, like iodoform; also an antigonorrheal and intestinal astringent.—Dose: 2—5 grains, three times daily.—External. use pure, 10% emulsion in equal parts glycerin and water, or 10—20% ointment.

Alantol Merck.

Amber liquid; smells and tastes like peppermint.—Solution in alcohol, chloroform, ether.—Internal antiseptic, helps with catarrh.—Uses: As a substitute for turpentine in lung issues.—Dose: 1/6 ♏, 10 drops daily, in pill, powder, or alcoholic solution.

Alcohol—U.S.P.

91 percent.—Sp. Gr. 0.820.

Aluminum, etc.—see Aluminium, etc.

Ammonium Hydroxide—U.S.P.

10 percent NH₃.—Dose: 10—30 min.—Preparations: Lin. (3 percent NH₃); Arom. Spt. (0.9 percent NH₃).

Ammonium Hydroxide, Stronger—U.S.P.

28 percent NH₃.—Dose: 4—10 minutes, well diluted.—Antidotes: Acetic, tartaric, dilute hydrochloric acids, after vomiting.—Incompatibilities: Strong mineral acids, iodine, chlorine water, alkaloids.—Preparation: Spt. (10 percent NH₃).

Ammonia—U.S.P.

Chewing gum or Ammoniac Resin.—Dose: 5—15 gr.—Preparations: Emulsion (4 percent.); Plaster (with mercury).

Ammonium Arsenate Merck.

White, powdery crystal.—Sol. in water.—Alterative.—Uses: Mainly for skin diseases.—Dose: 1/2 grain, gradually increased, 3 times daily in water.

Ammonium Benzoate Merck — U.S.P.

Dose: 10—30 grams. 3 or 4 times daily, in syrup or water.

Ammonium Bicarbonate Merck—Pure Crystals.

Sol. in water, alcohol.—Antacid, Stimulant.—Uses: Stomach acid fermentation; stimulant for a depressed condition.—Dose: 5—15 gr.

Ammonium Bromide - U.S.P.

Dose: 15-30 grams.

Ammonium Carbonate Merck—USP—CP.

Dose: 5–20 g.

Ammonium Chloride Merck.—USP—Pure, Granules.

Dose: 5—20 grams.—Preparation: Troches (11/2 grams).

Ammonium Embelate Merck.

Red, tasteless powder.—Sun. in diluted alcohol.—Uses: Tape-worm.—Dose: Children, 3 grains; adults, 6 grains, in syrup or honey, or in wafers, on an empty stomach, followed by castor oil.

Ammonium Fluoride Merck—C.P.

Very soluble, colored crystals; strong salty taste.—Sun. in water; slightly in alcohol.—Antiperiodic, Alterative.—Uses: Enlargement of the spleen and in goiter.—Dose: 5—20 ♏ of a solution containing 4 grains to 1 ounce of water.—Warning: Store in gutta-percha bottles!

Merck Ammonium Hypophosphite.

White crystal.—Solution in water.—Uses: Tuberculosis and diseases with loss of nerve power.—Dose: 10—30 grains, 3 times daily.

Ammonium Ichthyol-sulphonate,—see Ichthyol.

Ammonium Iodide—USP

Deliquescent, unstable powder.—Alterative, Resolvent.—Dose: 3—10 grams.

Ammonium Phosphate, Dibasic, Merck—C.P.

Colorful prisms; odor; cooling, salty taste.—Sol. in 4 parts water.—Uses: Rheumatism, gout.—Dose: 5—20 grn., 3 or 4 times daily, in water.

Ammonium Picrate Merck.

Ammonium Picronitrate or Carbazotate.—Bright yellow scales or prisms.—Sun. in water.—Antipyretic, Antiperiodic.—Uses: Malarial neuralgia, periodic fevers, and headaches.—Dose: 1/4—11/2 grain, 3 times daily, in pills.

Merck Ammonium Salicylate.

Colorl. prisms.—Sun. in water.—Anti-inflammatory, fever reducer, germ killer, cough suppressant.—Applications: For fever, bronchitis, and similar issues.—Dose: 2—10 gr, in wafers.

Ammonium Sulpho-ichthyolate,—see Ichthyol.

Ammonium Tartrate Merck.—Neutral, Crystalline

Colorl.—Sol. in water.—Expectorant.—Dose: 5—30 g.

Ammonium Valerianate Merck - White Crystals

Dose: 2–8 g.

Ammonium & Iron Tartrate Merck.—U.S.P.

Dose: 10–30 g.

Ammonium Double-Salts,—see under Bismuth, Iron, Potassium, Sodium, etc.

Ammonol.

Not completely defined.—(Stated to be "Ammoniated Phenylacetamide.—Yellowish alkaline powder: ammonia-like taste and smell.—Antipyretic, Analgesic.—Dose: 5—20 grains, 3—6 times daily, in capsules, tablets, or wafers.")

Amyl Nitrite Merck.—U.S.P.—Pure, or in Capsules (1—3 drops).

Warning: Amyl Nitrite is extremely volatile, making it nearly impossible to seal bottles in a way that prevents loss, especially in warm weather. When shipped in cool weather and stored in a cool place, the loss is minimal, but if kept in a warm place or shaken a lot, resulting in increased vapor pressure inside the bottle, the loss will be significant, relative to the pressure.—Dose: 2—5 drops, in brandy.

Amylene Hydrate Merck.

Colorless, oily liquid; has a light, camphor-like taste.—Sol. in 8 parts water; compatible with various amounts of alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzene, glycerin.—Hypnotic, Sedative.—Uses: Insomnia, alcohol-related excitement, epilepsy, whooping cough, etc.—Dose: Hypnotic, 45—90 ♏; sedative, 15—30 ♏; can be taken in beer, wine, brandy, syrup, etc., or in capsules.

Anemonin Merck.

Color, smell, neutral needles.—Solution in hot alcohol, chloroform; insoluble in water.—Antispasmodic, sedative, pain reliever.—Uses: Asthma, bronchitis, whooping cough, painful menstruation, orchitis, oöphoritis, and other painful conditions of the female pelvis.—Dose: 1/4—3/4 grain, 2 times daily.—Max Dose: 11/2 grain single, 3 grains daily.

Anise-U.S.P.

Preparations: Oil (D., 5—10 min.); Spt. (10% oil); Water (1/5% oil).

Anthrarobin Merck.

Yellowish-white powder—Sun. in a weak alkaline solution; slightly soluble in chloroform and ether; in 10 parts alcohol.—Deoxidizer, Antiseptic—Uses: Externally, as a substitute for chrysarobin in skin conditions, particularly psoriasis, tinea capitis, pityriasis versicolor, and herpes.—Applied in 10 to 20% ointment or alcoholic solution.

Antifebrin,—see Acetanilid.

Antikamnia.

Not completely defined.—(Stated: "Coal-tar derivative.—Wh., odorl. powd.—Antipyretic, Analgesic.—Dose: 5—15 gr., in powder or tablet.")

Antimony Oxide, Antimonous, Merck.

Expectorant.—Dose: 1–3 grams.—Preparation: Antimonial Powder (33%).

Black Antimony Sulfide, Merck.—(Purified Antimony Sulfide, U.S.P.).

Sweat-inducing, Changing. — Dose: 10—30 gr.

Antimony Sulfide, Gold, Merck.—C.P.

Alterative, Diaphoretic, Emetic, Expectorant.—Dose: 1/6—11/2 grain.—Incompatible items: Sour foods, acidic syrups, metallic salts.

Antimony, Sulfurated, Merck.

Kermes Mineral.—Alterative, Diaphoretic, Emetic.—Uses: Skin diseases and syphilis; used generally as an alterative.—Dose: 1—2 grains in a pill; as an emetic, 5—20 grains.—Preparation: Pills Antimony Compound (0.6 grains).

Antimony & Potassium Tartrate Merck.—U.S.P.—Pure, Cryst. or Powd.

Tartar Emetic.—Dose: for alteration., 1/32—1/16 grain; to induce sweating and to help with coughs, 1/12—1/6 grain; for inducing vomiting, Below is a short piece of text (5 words or fewer). Modernize it into contemporary English if there's enough context, but do not add or omit any information. If context is insufficient, return it unchanged. Do not add commentary, and do not modify any placeholders. If you see placeholders of the form __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_x__, you must keep them exactly as-is so they can be replaced with links. grain every 20 minutes.—Preparation: Wine Antimony (0.4%).—Cures (for antimonial compounds in general): Tannic acid in solution, administered freely; stimulants and soothing agents.

Antinosine.

Sodium salt of nosophen.—Greenish-blue powder with a slight iodine smell.—Sun. in water.—Antiseptic.—Uses: Mainly for bladder inflammation.—External. in 1/10—Below is a short piece of text (5 words or fewer). Modernize it into contemporary English if there's enough context, but do not add or omit any information. If context is insufficient, return it unchanged. Do not add commentary, and do not modify any placeholders. If you see placeholders of the form __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_x__, you must keep them exactly as-is so they can be replaced with links. 1/2 percent solution.

Antipyrine.

Phenyl dimethyl pyrazolone.—Solution in 1 part of water, 2 parts alcohol.—Dose: 10—20 grains.—Used (as a Styptic) in a 20 percent solution or pure.—Conflicts: Acids, bases, cinchona products, copper sulfate, nitrous ether, syrup of ferrous iodide; also tinctures of catechu, ferric chloride, iodine, kino, and rhubarb.

Antispasmodic.

Narceine sodium and Sodium Salicylate, Merck.—Red, slightly hygroscopic powder; 50% narceine.—Sun. in water.—Antispasmodic, Sedative, and Hypnotic.—Uses: Whooping cough, stridulous laryngitis, irritating coughs, etc.—Dose: (5% solution, 3—4 times daily): under 1/2 year 3—5 drops, Below is a short piece of text (5 words or fewer). Modernize it into contemporary English if there's enough context, but do not add or omit any information. If context is insufficient, return it unchanged. Do not add commentary, and do not modify any placeholders. If you see placeholders of the form __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_x__, you must keep them exactly as-is so they can be replaced with links. 1/2 year 5—8 drops, 1 year 8—10 drops, 2 years 10—12 drops, 3 years 15—20 drops, older children 20—40 drops.—Warning: Protect from air!

Diphtheria antitoxin.

From serum of blood that has been exposed to diphtheria poison. —Clear liquid, usually preserved with 1/2% carbolic acid or another preservative. —Dose (children): Prophylactic, 200—250 antitoxic units; ordinary cases, 600—1000 units; severe cases (or those diagnosed late, or of nasal or laryngeal type), 1500—3000 units; administered subcutaneously, and repeated in about 8 hours if needed. Adults receive double the amount. Warning: Different brands vary in strength.

Apiol, Green, Merck.—Liquid.

Greenish, oily liquid.—Solution in alcohol, ether.—Emmenagogue, antiperiodic.—Uses: Menstrual pain, malaria.—Dose: 5—10 drops, 2 to 3 times daily, in capsules; for malaria 15—30 drops.

Apollon.

Not completely defined.—(Stated: "True active principle of parsley, in 4-min. capsules.—Emmenagogue.—Dose: 2 or 3 caps., with meals.")

Apocodeine Hydrochlorate Merck.

Yellow-gray, highly moisture-absorbing powder.—Solution in water.—Expectorant, sedative hypnotic.—Uses: Chronic bronchitis and other bronchial issues. Works like codeine but is weaker; promotes significant saliva production and speeds up digestion.—Dose: 3—4 grains daily, in pill form.—Injection: 1/6—1/2 grain, in 2% aqueous solution.

Apocynum—U.S.P.

Canadian Hemp.—Diuretic.—Dose: 5—20 gr.—Preparation: F.E. (1:1).

Apomorphine Hydrochlorate Merck—U.S.P.—Crystal or Amorphous.

Dose: Expect., 1/60—1/20 grain; emetic, 1/15—1/8 grain—Administer. (emetic): 1/10—1/5 grain—Antidotes: Strychnine, chloral, chloroform.—Incompatibles: Alkalies, potassium iodide, ferric chloride.—Warning: Store in a dark place and keep tightly closed!

Aqua Levico, Fortis, and Mitis.

Natural Arsenic-Ferrous-Copper Waters, from springs at Levico, Tyrol.—Alterant Tonic.—Uses: For conditions like anemia, chlorosis, neurasthenia, and neuroses; in cases of scrofula, malaria, and other cachexias; and in various chronic skin disorders.—Dose: One tablespoon of Aqua Levico Mitis, diluted, after meals, morning and night. After a few days, gradually increase the dose up to 3 tablespoons. After one or two weeks, replace the two doses with a single daily dose of one tablespoon of Aqua Levico Fortis, preferably with the main meal. A few days later, increase this dose gradually as before. Watch for any constitutional effects and individual responses to adjust the dosage if needed. It’s common to decrease the dosage at the end of treatment and return to the "Mitis."

Merck Arbutin.

White needles; bitter.—Sun. in alcohol; slightly in water.—Diuretic.—Uses: As a substitute for uva-ursi.—Dose: 5—15 gr. 4 times daily.

Merck Arecoline Hydrobromate.

White crystal.—Sol. in water, alcohol.—Myotic.—Applied in 1% solution.

Argentamine.

8% solution of silver phosphate in 15% solution of ethylene-diamine.—Alkaline liquid, turns yellow when exposed.—Antiseptic and astringent, similar to silver nitrate.—Uses: Mainly for gonorrhea.—Inject in 1:4000 solution.

Argonin.

Silver-casein compound; 4.25 percent silver.—Wh. powd.—Sol. in hot water; ammonia boosts solubility.—Antiseptic.—Uses: Mainly in gonorrhea, in 1—2 percent solution.

Aristotle.

Dithymol Di-iodide.—Reddish-brown, tasteless powder; 46% iodine.—Sun. in chloroform, ether, fatty oils; slightly in alcohol; insoluble in water or glycerin.—Substitute for iodoform for external use.—Applied the same way as iodoform.—Incompatibilities: Ammonia, corrosive sublimate, metallic oxides, starch, alkalis or their carbonates; also heat.—Warning: Protect from light!

Arnica Flowers—U.S.P.

Preparation: Tr. (D., 10-30 mins).

Arnica Root—U.S.P.

Preparation: Ext. (D. 1—2 grn.); F.E. (D., 5—10 min.); Tr. (D., 20—40 min.).

Arsenauro.

Not completely defined.—(Stated: "10 min. contain 1/32 grn. each gold and arsenic bromides.—Alterative Tonic.—Dose: 5—15 min., in water, after meals.")

Arsen-hemol Merck.

Hemol with 1% arsenous acid.—Brown powder.—It's a changing agent and helps with blood formation; a replacement for arsenic, with no negative effects on the stomach.—Dose: 11/2 grain, in a pill, 2 to 3 times a day, adding one pill to the daily dose every fourth day until reaching 10 pills per day.

Arsenic Bromide by Merck.

Colorless, dissolving crystals; a strong arsenic smell.—Sun. in water.—Uses: Diabetes.—Dose: 1/60—1/15 grains.—Max D.: 1/6 grain.—Cures: Same as arsenous acid.—Not compatible: Water.—Warning: Keep tightly sealed!

Arsenic Chloride Merck

Colorless, oily liquid.—Breaks down with water.—Sol. in alcohol, ether, oils.—Dose: 1/60—1/15 gr.

Merck Arsenic Iodide — U.S.P. — Pure, Crystals

Dose: 1/60—1/15 grn., in pills.—Max. D. 1/8 grn.—Not compatible. Water.—Warning: Protect from air and light!

Asafetida—U.S.P.

Dose: 5—15 grams.—Preparations: Emulsion (4 percent); Pills (3 grams); Tincture (1:5).

Asaprol Merck.

Calcium beta-naphthol alpha monosulfonate.—Whitish to reddish-gray powder; slightly bitter, then sweet taste.—Sun. in water; 3 parts alcohol.—Pain reliever, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, fever reducer.—Uses: Tuberculosis, arthritis, sore throat, gout, typhoid fever, sciatica, diphtheria, etc.—Dose: 8—15 grains.—External. in 2—5% solution.—Incompatibles: Antipyrine and quinine.—Warning: Keep away from heat and moisture!

Asclepias - U.S.P.

Pleurisy Root.—Preparation: F.E. (D. 20—60 min.).

Aseptol Merck.

Sozolic Acid.—33-1/3% solution of ortho-phenol-sulphonic acid.—Yellow-brown liquid; smells like carbolic acid.—Sun. in alcohol, glycerin; can mix with any amount of water.—Antiseptic, disinfectant.—Uses: External, for treating bladder, eye, skin issues, and for diphtheria, laryngitis, gingivitis, etc.—Applied in 1 to 10% solution.—Warning: Protect from light!

Aspidium—U.S.P.

Male Fern.—Dose: 30—90 grams.—Preparation: Oleoresin (q.v.).

Aspidosperma—U.S.P.

Quebracho.—Preparation: F.E. (D., 30—60 min.).

Aspidospermine Merck.—Amorphous, Pure.

Brown-yellow plates; bitter taste.—Sun. in alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzene.—Respiratory Stimulant, Antispasmodic.—Uses: Dyspnea, asthma, spasmodic croup, etc.—Dose: 1—2 grn., in pills.

Atropine (Alkaloid) Merck.—USP—CP, Cryst.

Dose: 1/120—1/60 grn.—Antidotes: Emetics; pilocarpine, muscarine nitrate, or morphine injected; tannin or charcoal before absorption.—Incompatible items: Chemical, alkalis, tannin, mercury salts; physiological, morphine, pilocarpine, muscarine, aconitine, and eserine.

Atropine Sulfate Merck—U.S.P.—C.P., Cryst.

Uses and Dose: Same as alkaloid.

(Other salts of Atropine aren't described because they’re used pretty much the same way as the ones mentioned above.)

Balsam Peru—U.S.P.

Sun. in pure alcohol, chloroform; not soluble in water.—Dose: 10—30 min.

Balsam Tolu—U.S.P.

Sun. in alcohol, ether, chloroform; insol. in water.—Dose: 5—15 gr.—Preparations: Syr. (1:100); Tinct. (1:10).

Baptisin Merck.—Genuine.

Brown powder.—Solution in alcohol.—Laxative in large doses; tonic and astringent in small doses.—Uses: Scarlet fever, chronic dysentery, etc.—Dose: 1/2—5 grains, in pills.

Barium Chloride Merck - C.P., Cryst.

Color: bitter, salty taste.—Solution in 21/2 parts water; almost insoluble in alcohol.—Cardiac Tonic and Alterative.—Uses: Internal: arterial sclerosis and atheromatous degeneration, syphilis, scrofula, etc.; External: eye wash.—Dose: 1/10—1/2 grain, 3 times daily, in 1% sweetened, aromatic solution.—Antidotes: Sodium or magnesium sulfate; emetic; stomach pump.

Barium Iodide Merck.

Deliquescent crystal — Breaks down and turns red when exposed. — Sol. in water, alcohol. — Alterative. — Uses: Scrofulous conditions, abnormal growths. — Dose: 1/10 — 1/2 grain, 3 times daily. — External. as ointment, 4 grains in 1 ounce of lard. — Warning: Keep tightly sealed!

Barium Sulfide Merck.—Pure.

Amorph., light-yellow powder.—Sun. in water.—Alterative.—Uses: Syphilitic and scrofulous conditions; hair removal (with flour).—Dose: 1/2—1 grain in keratin-coated pills.

Bebeerine Merck.—Authentic.

Bebirine; Bibirine; believed to be the same as Buxom and Pelosine.—Yellowish-brown, amorphous powder; odorless; bitter.—Sol. in alcohol, ether; insoluble in water.—Antipyretic, tonic, similar to quinine.—Dose: Febrifuge, 6—12 grains; tonic, 1/2—1Below is a short piece of text (5 words or fewer). Modernize it into contemporary English if there's enough context, but do not add or omit any information. If context is insufficient, return it unchanged. Do not add commentary, and do not modify any placeholders. If you see placeholders of the form __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_x__, you must keep them exactly as-is so they can be replaced with links. grains, 3 or 4 times a day.

Bebeerine Sulfate Merck.

Reddish-brown scales.—Sol. in water, alcohol.—Uses and Doses: As of bebeerine.

Belladonna Leaves - U.S.P.

Preparations: Ext. (D., 1/8—1/2 grain); Tr. (D., 5—20 min.); Plaster (20 percent ext.); Oint. (10 percent ext.)

Belladonna Root - U.S.P.

Preparations: F.E. (D., 1/2—2 min.); Lin. (95% F.E., 5% camphor).

Benzanilide Merck.

White powder or colored scales.—Sol. in 58 parts alcohol; slightly soluble in ether; almost insoluble in water.—Antipyretic, especially for children.—Dose: Children, 11/2—6 grains, depending on age, several times daily; adults, 10—15 grains.

Benzene, from Coal Tar, Merck.—Highly Purified, Crystallizable.

Mixable with alcohol, ether, chloroform, oils.—Antispasmodic and Anticatarrhal.—Uses: Whooping cough, influenza, etc.—Dose: 2—10 ♏ every 3 hours, in emulsion, on sugar, or in capsules.—Max. D.: 45 ♏.

Benzoin – U.S.P.

Preparations: Tr. (D., 20—40 min.), Comp. Tr. (D., 30—60 min.).

Benzolyptus.

Not completely defined.—(Stated: "Alkaline solution of various well-regarded antiseptics known for their effectiveness in catarrhal conditions; Dental and Surgical Disinfectant; Antifermentative.—Liq.—Sun. in water.—Dose: 1 fl. dr., diluted.—Outside. in 10—30% solution.")

Benzosol.

Benzoyl Guaiacol; Guaiacol Benzoate.—Wh., odor., mild taste, crystalline powder.—Sun. in alcohol; insoluble in water.—Antitubercular, intestinal antiseptic.—Dose: 3—15 grams, in a pill, or powdered with peppermint oil and sugar.

Benzoyl-pseudotropeine Hydrochlorate Merck,—see Tropacocaine, etc.

Berberine Carbonate by Merck.

Yellowish-brown crystalline powder: bitter taste.—Sun. in diluted acids.—Antiperiodic, Stomachic, Tonic.—Uses: Malarial diseases, amenorrhea, spleen enlargement, loss of appetite, chronic intestinal inflammation, morning sickness, etc.—Dose: Antiperiodic, 8—15 grains; stomachic and tonic, 1/2—11/2 grains 3 times daily; in pills or capsules.

Berberine Hydrochloride Merck.—Cryst.

Yellow, microcrystalline needles.—Sun. in water.—Uses and Dose: Same as berberine carbonate.

Berberine Phosphate Merck—Crystal.

Yellow powder.—Sun. in water.—Most soluble salt of berberine and easiest to administer in pills, hydro-alcoholic solution, or aromatic syrup.—Applications and Dosage: Same as berberine carbonate.

Berberine Sulfate Merck.—Cryst.

Yellow needles.—Sol. hard to dissolve in water; nearly insoluble in alcohol.—Uses and Dosage: Same as berberine carbonate.

Betol Merck.

Naphtalol; Naphto-salol; Sali-naphtol; Beta-naphtol Salicylate.—White powder; odorless; tasteless.—Sun. in boiling alcohol, ether, benzene; insoluble in water, glycerin.—Internal antiseptic, antizymotic, antirheumatic.—Uses: Putrid processes in the intestinal tract, cystic catarrh, rheumatism, etc.—Dose: 4—8 grams, 4 times daily, in wafers, milk, or emulsion.

Dismal.

Bismuth Methylene-digallate, Merck.—Gray-blue powder.—Sol. in alkaline solutions; insoluble in water or gastric juice.—Intestinal astringent (especially for diarrhea not relieved by opiates).—Dose: 2–5 grams every 3 hours, in wafers or powder.

Bismuth Benzoate Merck—C.P.

White, tasteless powder—27% benzoic acid—Sun. in mineral acids; insoluble in water.—Antiseptic.—Uses: Internal, for gastrointestinal diseases; External, like iodoform on wounds, etc.—Dose: 5—15 grains.

Bismuth Beta-naphtholate.

Orphol.—Brown, insoluble powder; 23% beta-naphthol.—Intestinal Antiseptic.—Dose: 8—15 grains, in pills or wafers; children half that amount.

Bismuth Citrate Merck—U.S.P.

White powder; odorless; tasteless.—Sun., very slightly in water.—Stomachic and astringent.—Uses: Diarrhea, indigestion, etc.—Dose: 1—3 gr.

Bismuth Nitrate Merck — Crystals.

Bismuth Nitrate or Trinitrate.—Colorless, hygroscopic crystals; has an acidic taste.—Changes to sub-nitrate when mixed with water.—Sol. in acids, glycerin.—Astringent, antiseptic.—Uses: For phthisical diarrhea, etc.—Dose: 5–10 grains, dissolved in glycerin and then diluted with water.

Bismuth Oxyiodide Merck.

Bismuth Subiodide.—Brownish-red, amorphous, insoluble powder; odorless, tasteless.—Antiseptic.—Uses: External, on infected wounds, ulcers, in skin conditions, gonorrhea, etc.; Internal, for gastric ulcers, typhoid fever, and diseases of mucous membranes.—Dose: 3–10 grains, 3 times daily, in mixture, powder, or capsule.—Outside, similar to iodoform; in gonorrhea use a 1% injection.

Bismuth Phosphate, Soluble, Merck.

White powder.—Sun. in 3 parts water.—Intestinal antiseptic and astringent.—Uses: Acute gastric or intestinal inflammation.—Dose: 3—8 grains.

Bismuth Salicylate Merck.—Basic.—64% Bi₂O₃.

White, odorless, tasteless powder; insoluble in water.—External and intestinal antiseptic and astringent.—Uses: Internally, for phthisical diarrhea, summer complaints, typhoid, etc.; Externally, similar to iodoform.—Dose: 5–15 grains.

Bismuth Sub-benzoate by Merck.

White powder—Antiseptic, similar to iodoform.—Uses: As a dusting powder for syphilitic ulcers, etc.

Bismuth Subcarbonate Merck—U.S.P.—C.P.

Dose: 5–30 g.

Bismuth Subgallate by Merck.

Odorless, yellow, insoluble powder; 55% Bi₂O₃f.—Drying antiseptic, and alternative for bismuth subnitrate used internally.—Applications: Externally, on wounds, ulcers, eczema, etc.; internally, for gastrointestinal issues.—Dosage: 4–8 grains, several times daily.—Outside like iodoform.

Bismuth Subiodide—see Bismuth Oxyiodide.

Bismuth Subnitrate Merck—U.S.P.—C.P.

Dose: 5—40 grams.

Merck's Bismuth Subnitrate is a lightweight powder that completely meets the pharmacopoeial standards.

Bismuth Valerianate by Merck.

White powder, valerian scent.—Insolvent. in water, alcohol.—Sedative, Antispasmodic.—Uses: Nervous headache, heartburn, chorea, etc.—Dose: 1—3 grains.

Bismuth and Ammonium Citrate Merck.—U.S.P.

Sol. in water; slightly in alcohol.—Dose: 2—5 grams.

Black Haw—U.S.P.

Viburnum prunifolium.—Calming, Stimulates contractions, Tightening.—Preparation: F.E. (D., 30—60 min.)

Borax—see Sodium Borate.

Boro-fluorine.

Not completely defined.—(Stated: "Contains 191/4% boric acid, 53/4% sodium fluoride, 3% benzoic acid, 42% gum vehicle, Below is a short piece of text (5 words or fewer). Modernize it into contemporary English if there's enough context, but do not add or omit any information. If context is insufficient, return it unchanged. Do not add commentary, and do not modify any placeholders. If you see placeholders of the form __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_x__, you must keep them exactly as-is so they can be replaced with links.% formaldehyde, 29Below is a short piece of text (5 words or fewer). Modernize it into contemporary English if there's enough context, but do not add or omit any information. If context is insufficient, return it unchanged. Do not add commentary, and do not modify any placeholders. If you see placeholders of the form __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_x__, you must keep them exactly as-is so they can be replaced with links. 1/2% water.—Colorless liquid; mixes with water in all proportions.—Surgical antiseptic, internal disinfectant.—Dose: 1/2—1 fl. dr., in water.—External. mostly in 5—20% solution.")

Not completely defined.—(Stated: "5% aceto-boro-glyceride, 0.1% formaldehyde, with the antiseptic ingredients of pinus pumilio, eucalyptus, myrrh, storax, and benzoin.—Aromatic, slightly astringent, non-staining liquid.—Antiseptic, Disinfectant.—Dose: Below is a short piece of text (5 words or fewer). Modernize it into contemporary English if there's enough context, but do not add or omit any information. If context is insufficient, return it unchanged. Do not add commentary, and do not modify any placeholders. If you see placeholders of the form __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_x__, you must keep them exactly as-is so they can be replaced with links.—1 fl. dr., diluted.—Outside in 5—50% solution.")

Brayerin,—see Koussein.

Bromalin.

Hexamethylenetetramine Bromethylate, Merck.—Colorless laminae, or white powder.—Sun. in water.—Nerve sedative, antiepileptic; has no negative effects like those of inorganic bromides.—Uses: As a substitute for potassium bromide.—Dose: 30—60 grains, several times daily, in wafers or sweetened water.

Bromides (Peacock's).

Not completely defined.—(Stated: "Each fluid dram represents 15 grains of combined bromides of potassium, sodium, calcium, ammonium, lithium.—Sedative, Antiepileptic.—Dose: 1—2 fluid drams, in water, 3 or 4 times daily.")

Bromidia.

Not completely defined.—(Stated: "Each fluid dram contains 15 grains of chloral hydrate and potassium bromide, 1/8 grain each of extract of cannabis indica and extract of hyoscyamus.—Hypnotic, Sedative.—Dose: 1—2 fluid drams.")

Bromine - U.S.P.

Sol. in alcohol, ether, chloroform, and bromide solutions; also 30 parts water.—Dose: 1—3 min., well diluted. External. 1/4—1 percent washes or oily paints; as a caustic, pure or 1:1 alcohol.—Antidotes: Stomach irrigation, croton oil in alkaline solution, inhalation of ammonia.

Bromipin by Merck.

Bromine addition product of sesame oil.—Yellow oily liquid, with a distinctly oily taste; contains 10% bromine.—Nervine and sedative.—Dose: 1 to 3 tablespoons, 3 or 4 times daily, in an emulsion with peppermint water and syrup.

Bromoform Merck—C.P.

Heavy liquid, with an odor and taste similar to chloroform; darkens when exposed. —Sol. in alcohol, ether; almost insoluble in water. —Antispasmodic, sedative. —Uses: Mainly for whooping cough. —Dose (3 or 4 times daily): Under 1 year, 1–3 drops; 1–4 years, 4–5 drops; 5–7 years, 6–7 drops, in hydro-alcoholic solution or in emulsion. —Warning: Keep well-stoppered!

Bromo-hemol Merck.

Hemol with 2.7% bromine.—Brown powder.—Organic, easily absorbed Nerve tonic and sedative; without the harmful effects on the blood that are typical of inorganic bromides.—Uses: Hysteria, neurasthenia, epilepsy.—Dose: 15—30 grains, 3 times daily.

Brucine Merck.—100% Pure.

White powder.—Sol. in alcohol, chloroform.—Nerve tonic, similar to strychnine, but much gentler.—Dose: 1/12—1/2 grain, in pills or solution.—Max D. 3/4 grain.—Cures: Chloral, chloroform, tannic acid.

Bryonia - U.S.P.

Preparation: Tr. (D., 1–4g).

Buchu—U.S.P.

Preparation: F.E. (D., 15—60 mins.).

Butyl-Chloral Hydrate Merck.

"Croton-Chloral Hydrate.—Light, white, crystalline scales; strong smell.—Sun. in water, alcohol, glycerin.—Pain reliever, sleep aid.—Uses: Trigeminal neuralgia, toothache, etc., insomnia related to heart disease.—Dose: Sleep aid, 15—30 grains; pain reliever, 2—6 grains; in solution of water, alcohol, or glycerin.—Max D. 45 grains.—External. with equal part phenol.—Antidotes: Atropine, strychnine, caffeine, artificial respiration."

Merck Cadmium Iodide.

Lustrous tables.—Sol. in water, alcohol.—Resolvent, Antiseptic.—Uses: Scrofulous glands, chronic joint inflammation, chilblains, and skin conditions.—Applied in oint. 1 in 8 lard.

Merck Cadmium Sulfate.—Pure.

White crystal.—Sun. in water, alcohol.—Antiseptic, Astringent.—Applications: Instead of zinc sulfate in eye washes (1/2—1% solution).

Caesium and Ammonium Bromide Merck.

White, crystalline powder.—Soluble in water.—Nerve sedative.—Uses: Epilepsy, etc.—Dose: 15—45 grains, 1 or 2 times daily.

Caffeine Merck - U.S.P. - Pure.

Theine: Guaranine.—Dose: 1—5 g.—Max. D. 10 g. single, 30 g. daily.

Caffeine, Citrated, Merck.—U.S.P.

(Improperly called "Citrate of Caffeine").—50% caffeine.—White powder; acid taste.—Dose: 2—10 grams.

Caffeine Hydrobromate Merck — Real salt.

Glass-like crystal; reddish or greenish when exposed. —Sun. in water, with decomposition. —Uses: Mainly as a diuretic, used hypodermically. —Shot 4—10 ♏ of caffeine hydrobromate solution: 10 parts caffeine hydrobromate, 1 part hydrobromic acid, 3 parts distilled water. —Warning: Keep tightly sealed in brown bottles!

Caffeine and Sodium Benzoate Merck.

45.8% caffeine.—White powder.—Solution. in 2 parts water.—Uses: By injection, 2—10 grains.

Caffeine and Sodium Salicylate Merck.

62.5% caffeine.—White powder.—Solution in 2 parts water.—Uses: By injection; for rheumatism with heart disease, and in cases of threatened collapse from pneumonia.—Dose: 11/2—6 grains.

Calamus - U.S.P.

Sweet Flag.—Dose: 15—60 g.—Preparation: F.E. (1:1).

Calcium Bromide Merck—U.S.P.

White granules; highly hygroscopic; sharp, salty taste.—Sun. in water, alcohol.—Nerve sedative, similar to potassium bromide.—Uses: Epilepsy, hysteria, etc.—Dose: 10—30 grains, 2 times daily.

Precipitated Calcium Carbonate, Merck.—U.S.P.

Precipitated Chalk.—Dose: 10—40 g.

Calcium Carbonate, Prepared—USP

Drop the chalk.—Preparations: Compound Powder (D., 10—30 grains); Mercury with Chalk (D., 3—10 grains), Chalk Mixture (D., 1—4 fluid drams); Troches (4 grains).

Calcium Chloride Merck - U.S.P. - Pure.

Dose: 5–20 grams.

Calcium Glycerophosphate Merck.

White crystalline powder—Sun. in water; almost insol. in boiling water.—Easily absorbed. Nerve tonic and restorative.—Uses: In rickets, wasting diseases, and recovery after illness.—Dose: 2—5 gr., 3 times a day, in syrup or solution.

Calcium Hippurate Merck.

White powder.—Sun. slightly in hot water.—Alterative and Antilithic.—Applications: Cystitis, kidney stones, scrophulosis, tuberculosis, difficult teething, etc.—Dose: 5—15 grains.

Calcium Hypophosphite Merck - Purified.

Dose: 10–30 grams.

Calcium Lactophosphate Merck.—Crystalline, Soluble.

White, hard crusts; 1% phosphorus.—Solution in water.—Stimulant and nutrient.—Uses: Rickets and malnutrition conditions.—Dose: 3—10 grains, 3 times daily.—Preparation: Syrup (3%).

Calcium Permanganate Merck — C.P., Cryst.

Deliquescent, brown crystals.—Sun. in water.—Uses: Internal: gastroenteritis and diarrhea in children; external: like other permanganates for mouth rinses and for sterilizing water; and much stronger than potassium permanganate.—Dose: 3/4—2 gr, well diluted.

Calcium Phosphate, Tribasic, Merck—(Precipitated Calcium Phosphate, U.S.P.).—Pure, Dry.

Dose: 10—20 g.

Merck Calcium Sulfite—Pure.

White powder.—Sol. in 20 parts glycerin, 800 parts water.—Antizymotic.—Uses: Flatulence, diarrhea, and some dyspepsias.—Dose: 2—5 gr., in pastilles.

Calomel—see Mercury Chloride, Mild.

Calumba—U.S.P.

Columbo.—Dose: 5—20 grn.—Preparations: F.E. (1:1); Tr. (1:10).

Camphor—U.S.P.

Dose: 2—5 grams.—Preparations: Ointment (1:50); Liniment (1:5); Tincture (1:10); Water (1:125).

Camphor, Monobromated, Merck.

Dose: 2—5 grams, in pill or emulsion.

Cannabine Tannate by Merck.

Yellow or brownish powder; slightly bitter and has a strong astringent taste.—Solution: in alkaline water or alkaline alcohol, very slightly in water or alcohol.—Hypnotic, Sedative.—Uses: Hysteria, delirium, nervous insomnia, etc.—Dose: 8—16 grains, at bedtime, in powder with sugar.—Max Dose: 24 grains.

Indica Cannabis—U.S.P.

Cannabis.—Preparations: Ext. (D., 1/4—1 grain); F.E. (D., 2—5 minutes); Tr. (D., 5—20 minutes).—See also, Cannabine Tannate.

Cantharides—USP

Preparations: Cerate (32 percent); Collodion (see above); Tr. (D., 3—10 min.).—See also, Cantharidin.—Antidotes: Emetics, flaxseed tea; opium rectally; morphine subcutaneous; hot bath. Avoid oils!

Cantharidin Merck — C.P., Cryst.

Colorful, crystalline scales; can blister the skin.—Solution in alcohol, ether, chloroform.—Stimulant, vesicant, antitubercular.—Uses: In lupus and tuberculosis; also for cystitis.—Dose: Teaspoonful of 1:100,000 solution in 1% alcohol (with additional water added before taking), 3 or 4 times daily.—Shot is administered in the form of potassium cantharidate, which see.

Capsicum - U.S.P.

Cayenne Pepper; African Pepper.—Dose: 1—5 grains.—Preparations: F.E. (1:1); Oleores. (D., 1/4—1 grain); Plaster; Tincture (1:20).

Cardamom—U.S.P.

Dose: 5—15 g.—Preparations: Tincture (1:10); Compound Tincture (vehicle).

Carnogen.

Not completely defined.—(Stated: "Combination of medullary glyceride and unchangeable fibrin from ox blood.—Hematinic.—Uses: Mainly for serious or harmful anemia and neurasthenia.—Dose: 2—4 fl. drs., in cold water or sherry, 3—4 times a day; avoid hot liquids!")

Cascara Sagrada—U.S.P.

Preparation: F.E. (D., 15-60 min.)

Castanea—U.S.P.

Chestnut.—Preparation: F.E. (D., 1—2 grams).

Catechu—USP.

Dose: 5—20 gr.—Preparations: Comp. Tr. (1:10); Troches (1 gr).

Celerina.

Not completely defined.—(Stated: "Each fluid dram represents 5 grains of each celery, coca, kola, viburnum, and aromatics.—Nerve Tonic, Sedative.—Dose: 1—2 fluid drams.")

Cerium Oxalate, Cerous, Merck.—Pure.

White granular powder; no smell; taste.—Sun. in diluted sulfuric and hydrochloric acids.—Sedative, nerve tonic.—Uses: Vomiting during pregnancy, seasickness, epilepsy, migraines, chronic diarrhea.—Dose: 1—5 grains.

Cetraria—U.S.P.

Icelandic Moss.—Preparation: Decoction. (D., 1—4 oz.).—See also, Cetrarin.

Cetrarin Merck.—C.P., Crystals.

Cetraric Acid.—White needles, clustered in lumps; bitter.—Solubility: in alkalies and their carbonates; slightly in water, alcohol, ether.—Hematinic, Stomachic, Expectorant.—Uses: Chlorosis, early-stage tuberculosis, bronchitis, digestive issues with anemia, etc.—Dose: 11/2—3 gr.

Chalk,—see Calcium Carbonate.

Chamomilla Compound (Fraser's).

Not completely defined.—(Stated: "Mix of mother tinctures of cinchona, chamomilla, ignatia, and phosphorus, with aromatics and nux vomica.—Nerve Tonic, Stomachic.—Dose: 1 fl. dr. before meals and at bedtime, with a tablespoon of hot water.")

Charcoal - U.S.P.

Wood Charcoal.—Dose: 10—30 g.

Chelidonium—USP

Celandine. — Dose: 10–40 grams.

Chenopodium—U.S.P.

American Wormseed.—Dose: 10—40 grains.—Preparation: Oil (D., 10 min. 3 times daily; castor oil the next day).

Chimaphila—U.S.P.

Pipsissewa; Prince’s Pine.—Preparation: F.E. (D., 30—60 min.).

Chirata—U.S.P.

Dose: 10-30 grn.—Preparations: F.E. (1:1); Tincture (1:10).

Chloralamide.

Chloral formamide.—Color: bitter crystals.—Sun. in about 20 parts water (slowly); in 2 parts alcohol; decomposes in hot solvents.—Hypnotic, sedative, analgesic.—Dose: 15—45 grains.

Chloral Hydrate Merck.—U.S.P.—Loose Crystals; also available as Flakes.

Dose: 10—30 grams.—Max. D. 60 grams.—Not recommended in gastritis; large doses should not be given in heart disease; use with caution in children and the elderly.—Antidotes: Emetics, stomach pump; cocaine, strychnine, or atropine, given hypodermically; stimulants, oxygen, acacia mucilage.—Incompatibles: Carbolic acid, camphor, alcohol, potassium iodide, potassium cyanide, borax; alkaline hydrates and carbonates.

Chloral-ammonia Merck.

White crystalline powder; has a chloral smell and taste.—Sun. in alcohol, ether; insoluble in cold water; breaks down in hot water.—Sleep-inducing, pain-relieving.—Uses: Nervous insomnia, neuralgia, etc.—Dose: 15—30 grains.

Chloralimide Merck.—(Not: Chloralamide.)

Color: needles; odor:; taste.—Sun. in alcohol, ether, chloroform, oils; insol. in water.—Hypnotic, Analgesic.—Uses: Insomnia, headache, etc.—Dose: 15—30 grains, 2 or 3 times daily.—Max. D. 45 grains single; 90 grains daily.

Chloralose Merck.

Small, colored crystals; bitter, unpleasant taste.—Solution in alcohol; slightly in water.—Hypnotic.—Uses: Insomnia. Free from unpleasant cardiac after-effects and cumulative effects of chloral hydrate. Works mainly by lowering the excitability of the gray matter in the brain.—Dose: 3—12 grains.

Chlorine Water—USP

0.4 percent Cl.—Dose: 1—4 drams.—Antidotes: Milk and egg whites.

Chloroform Merck.—Recrystallized and Distilled Again, for Anesthesia.

Dose: 10—20 drops.—Max D. 30 drops.—Preparations: Emulsion (4%); Liniment (3%); Spirit (6%); Water (1/2%).—Antidotes: Inducing vomiting, stomach pump, cold shower, fresh air, artificial respiration, etc.—Warning: Store in dark amber. Never use as an anesthetic near a flame, as the vapor can break down and release very irritating and potentially poisonous gases!

Merck's Chloroform is made using a new method that guarantees the highest possible purity. It is completely free from any by-products that might cause harmful effects.

Chrysarobin Merck.—USP

So-called "Chrysophanic Acid"; Purified Goa-Powder.—Antiparasitic, Reducing Skin, etc. Not for internal use.—External. 2—10% ointment or paint.—Preparation: Ointment (5%).—Warning: Very dangerous for the eyes!

Cimicifuga—U.S.P.

Black Snakeroot; Black Cohosh.—Dose: 15—45 grains. Preparations: Extract (D., 2—6 grains); Fluid Extract (1:1); Tincture (1:5).—See also, Cimicifugin.

Cimicifugin Merck.

Macrotin.—Yellowish-brown, moisture-absorbing powder.—Sun. in alcohol.—Antispasmodic, calming nerve tonic, stimulates contractions.—Uses: Rheumatism, swelling, hysteria, painful menstruation, etc.—Dose: 1—2 gr.

Cinchona—U.S.P.

Dose: Tonic, 5–15 g; antiperiodic, 40–120 g—Preparations: Ext. (D., 1–10 g); F.E. (1:1); Infus. (6:100); Tr. (1:5); Comp. Tr. (vehicle).—See also, its various alkaloids.

Cinchonidine Merck—Pure, Crystalline.

Sol. in dilute acids; insoluble in water.—Dose: Tonic, 1–2 grains, in pills or syrup; antiperiodic, 15–30 grains, between episodes.

Cinchonidine Sulfate.—U.S.P.

Sun. in alcohol; slight in water.—Dose: Same as Cinchonidine.

Cinchonine Merck - U.S.P. - Pure, Crystalline

Sol. in dilute acids; insoluble in water.—Dose: Same as Cinchonidine.

Cinchonine Sulfate Merck.—U.S.P.

Sol. in 10 parts alcohol, 70 water.—Dose: Same as Cinchonine.

Cinnamon, Cassia—U.S.P.

Cassia Bark.—Dose: 10—30 grains.—Preparation: Oil (D., 1—3 minutes).

Ceylon Cinnamon—U.S.P.

Dose: 10—30 grn.—Preparations: Oil (D., 1—3 min.); Spt. (10 percent oil); Tr. (1:10); Water (one-fifth percent oil).

Coca-Cola U.S.P.

Erythroxylon.—Preparation: F.E. (D., 20—60 min.).—See also, Cocaine.

Cocaine Hydrochloride Merck.—U.S.P.—C.P., Crystalline or Powder.

Dose: 1/2—1Below is a short piece of text (5 words or fewer). Modernize it into contemporary English if there's enough context, but do not add or omit any information. If context is insufficient, return it unchanged. Do not add commentary, and do not modify any placeholders. If you see placeholders of the form __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_x__, you must keep them exactly as-is so they can be replaced with links. grain.—Max D. 2 grains at once; 6 grains daily.—Antidotes: Chloral, amyl nitrite, caffeine, morphine, digitalis, alcohol, ammonia.

Merck's Cocaine Hydrochlorate strictly meets the U.S.P. standards and all other known tests for purity.

(Other salts of cocaine are not mentioned because they are mainly used in the same way as the ones described above.)

Codeine Merck—U.S.P.—Pure, Crystals or Powder.

Dose: 0.5—2 gr.—Injection: 0.25—1 gr.

Codeine Phosphate Merck.

White powder.—Solution. in 4 parts water; slightly in alcohol.—Best codeine salt for hypodermic use; most soluble, least irritating.—Shot Below is a short piece of text (5 words or fewer). Modernize it into contemporary English if there's enough context, but do not add or omit any information. If context is insufficient, return it unchanged. Do not add commentary, and do not modify any placeholders. If you see placeholders of the form __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_x__, you must keep them exactly as-is so they can be replaced with links.—1 grain.

(Other salts of Codeine aren't described because they are used mostly like the above.)

Colchicine Merck - Crystal.

Yellow crystalline powder; very bitter taste.—Sun. in water, alcohol, ether, chloroform.—Alterative, Analgesic.—Uses: Rheumatism, gout, uremia, chronic sciatica, asthma, cerebral congestion, and rheumatic sciatica.—Dose: 1/120—1/30 grams, 2 or 3 times a day.—Antidotes: Stimulants.

Colchicum Root—U.S.P.

Preparations: Ext. (D., 1/2—2 grn.); F.E. (D., 2—8 min.); Wine (5—20 min.).

Colchicum Seed—USP

Preparations: F.E. (D., 3—10 min.); Tr. (D., 20—60 min.); Wine (D., 20—60 min.).

Colchi-sal.

Not fully defined.—(Stated: "Caps, each containing 1/250 gr colchicine dissolved in 3 min. methyl salicylate.—Antirheumatic, Antipodagric.—Dose: 2—4 caps, with meals and at bedtime.")

Collodion, Cantharidal, Merck.—USP.

(Blistering, or Vesicating, Collodion).—Olive-green, syrupy liquid.—Contains 60% cantharides.—Uses: Blister instead of cantharides.

Collodion, Styptic.—USP.

20% tannic acid.—Uses: Bleeding wounds.

Colocynth—USP

Dose: 3—10 gr.—Preparations: Ext. (D., 1—3 gr.); Comp. Ext. (D., 3—10 gr.).

Colocynthin (Glucoside) Merck.—C.P.

Yellow powder.—Sun. in water, alcohol.—Laxative (not severe and harmful, like the extract).—Dose: 1/6—2/3 grain.—Shot: 1/6 grain; rectal 4—16 ♏ of 4% solution in equal parts glycerin and alcohol.

Coniine Hydrobromate by Merck.

White needles.—Sun. in 2 parts water, 2 parts alcohol; chloroform, ether.—Antispasmodic, Antineuralgic, etc.—Uses: Tetanus, cardiac asthma, sciatica, and whooping cough; large doses have been given in cases of traumatic tetanus.—Dose: 1/30—1/12 gr., 3—5 times daily: children, 1/640—1/40 gr., 2—4 times daily.—Injection: 1/20—1/15 grn.—Antidotes: Emetics, stomach siphon; atropine, strychnine; picrotoxin with castor oil; caffeine, and other stimulants.

Conium—U.S.P.

Hemlock.—Preparations: Ext. (D., 1/2—2 g); F.E. (D., 2—5 min.).—See also, Coniine Hydrobromate.

Convallaria—U.S.P.

Lily of the Valley.—Preparation: F.E. (D., 15—30 min.).—See also, Convallamarin.

Convallamarin Merck.

Yellowish-white, amorphous powder.—Soluble in water and alcohol.—Cardiac stimulant, diuretic.—Uses: heart disease, edema, etc.—Dose: ¾ to 1 grain, 6 to 8 times daily.—Injection: ½ grain every 4 hours, in sweet solution, gradually increasing to 5 grains daily.—Max. Dose: 1 grain at once; 5 grains daily.

Copaiba Oil—U.S.P.

Dose: 20—60 grains.—Preparations: Mass (94 percent.); Oil (D., 5—15 minutes); Resin (D., 5—15 grains).

Copper Acetate, Normal, Merck.—Pure, Crystals.

Dose: 1/8—1/4 gr.—Antidotes (for all copper salts): Induce vomiting, use a stomach pump, then give milk and sugar or egg whites generously; pure potassium ferrocyanide (10 or 15 gr.).

Copper Arsenite by Merck.

Yellowish-green powder.—Solution. in alkaline substances; slightly soluble in water.—Intestinal antiseptic, antispasmodic, sedative.—Applications: cholera in infants, dysentery, whooping cough, painful periods, etc.—Dose: 1/120 grain every Please provide the text you'd like me to modernize. hour until relieved, then every hour.—Max D.: 1 grain at a time and daily.

Copper Sulfate Merck.—U.S.P.—Pure, Cryst.

Dose: Nervine and alterative, 1/6—1/3 g; emetic, 2—5 g.

Cornutine Citrate Merck.

Brown, very moisture-absorbing scales or powder.—Sun. in water (not fully dissolved).—Uses: Bleeding from the genital-urinary organs, involuntary sperm loss, etc.—Dose: For stopping bleeding, 1/12—1/6 grain; for sperm loss, 1/20—1/10 grain daily.

Cotarnine Hydrochlorate,—see Stypticin.

Cotton Root Bark—U.S.P.

Emmenagogue, Oxytocic.—Preparation: F.E. (D., 30—60 min.).

Creolin.

Saponified Dephenolated Coal-tar Creosote, Pearson.—Thick, dark syrupy liquid with a tar smell.—Sol. in alcohol, ether, chloroform; forms a milky emulsion with water; soluble in water up to 21/2%.—Disinfectant, deodorizer, styptic, anti-cholera, etc.—Uses: Non-toxic substitute for carbolic acid, etc. Removes the smell of iodoform. Intern., for dysentery, diarrhea, bloating, stomach inflammation, worms, thrush, diphtheria, etc.; enema with 1/2% solution for dysentery; extern., 1/2 to 2% solution in surgical operations, 1/10—1/2% injection for gonorrhea, 2—5% ointment for scabies and lice, erysipelas, cystitis, burns, ulcers, etc.—Dose: 1—5 ♏ 3 times daily, in pills. For cholera, 16 ♏ every Below is a short piece of text (5 words or fewer). Modernize it into contemporary English if there's enough context, but do not add or omit any information. If context is insufficient, return it unchanged. Do not add commentary, and do not modify any placeholders. If you see placeholders of the form __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_x__, you must keep them exactly as-is so they can be replaced with links.—1 hour for 5 doses, then at longer intervals.—Warning: Aqueous solution should be freshly made when needed.

Creosote Carbonate.

Creosote.—Light brown, odorless, slightly bitter liquid.—Sol. in oils (5 parts cod liver oil), alcohol, ether; insoluble in water.—Antitubercular.—Dose: 20 minims, gradually increasing to 80 minims, 3 times a day.

Beechwood Creosote, Merck.—U.S.P.

Dose: 1—3 ♏, gradually increased to the limit of tolerance, in pills, capsules, or taken with wine or brandy.—Max. Initial D. 5 ♏ single; 15 ♏ daily.—Cures: Emetics, stomach pump, soluble sulfates (like Glauber or Epsom salt).—Warning: Whenever Creosote is recommended for internal use, it should be Creosote from Beechwood; and under no circumstances should "Creosote from Coal Tar" be given, unless explicitly directed. Wood Creosote and Coal-Tar Creosote are significantly different in how they affect the human body: Wood Creosote is relatively harmless; Coal-Tar Creosote is definitely poisonous.—Preparation: Water (1%).

Merck's Beechwood Creosote is completely free from the toxic cœrulignol present in some of the wood creosote sold today.

Creosote Phosphite.

Phosphotal.—Oily liquid: 90% creosote.—Sun. in alcohol, glycerin, oils.—Antitubercular, anticachectic.—Dose: The same as for creosote; in pills, wine, or elixir.

Cubebs—U.S.P.

Dose: 15—60 grn.—Preparations: F.E. (1:1); Oil (D., 5—15 min.); Oleores. (D., 10—30 min.); Tr. (1:5); Troches (1/2 min. oleores.).

Cupro-hemol by Merck.

Hemol with 2% copper.—Dark-brown powder.—Uses: Substitute for regular copper compounds in tuberculosis, scrofula, nervous diseases, etc.—Dose: 1—3 grains, 3 times daily, in pills.

Curare Merck—Tested.

Dose: 1/12—1/6 gram, injected under the skin, 1 or 2 times daily, or until effects are noticed.—Warning: Avoid putting it into a wound, as this could be deadly!

Curarine Merck—C.P.

Deliquescent brown powder.—Sun. in water, alcohol, chloroform.—Antitetanic, Nervine, etc.—Uses: Rectal tetanus, hydrophobia, and severe convulsive disorders.—Injection: 1/60—1/12 grain.—Antidotes: Strychnine, atropine, artificial respiration, and stimulants.

Cypripedium—USP

Ladies' Slipper.—Dose: 15—30 gr.—Preparation: F.E. (1:1).

Dermatol,—see Bismuth Subgallate.

Diabetin.

Fructose.—Wh. powder.—Sun. in water.—Used as a substitute for sugar in diabetes.

Malt Diastase Merck.—Medicinal.

Yellowish-white to brownish-yellow, amorphous powder; taste.—Applications: Aids in the digestion of starchy foods.—Dose: 1—3 grains, either pure or with pepsin.

Diet Products,—see Foods and Diet Products.

Digitalin, "German," Merck.

Yellowish-white powder.—Sun. in water, alcohol; almost insoluble in ether, chloroform.—Non-cumulative, reliable heart tonic, diuretic; well-suited for injection.—Dose: 1/16—1/4 grain, 3 or 4 times daily, in pills or subcutaneously.—Cures: emetics, stomach pump, tannic acid, nitroglycerin, morphine early, strophanthin later; alcoholic stimulants, etc.

Digitalis - U.S.P.

Dose: 1—3 grains.—Preparations: Extract (D., 1/4—1/2 grain); Fluid Extract (1:1); Infusion (15:1000); Tincture (15:100).—See also, Digitalin and Digitoxin.

Digitoxin Merck - Cryst.

Most active glucoside from digitalis.—White crystalline powder.—Sun. in alcohol, chloroform; slightly in ether; insoluble in water.—A quick, reliable, powerful heart tonic; consistent in chemical composition and therapeutic effects.—Uses: Valvular lesions, myocarditis, etc.—Dose: 1/240—1/120 grain, 3 times daily, with 3 ♏ chloroform, 60 ♏ alcohol, 1Below is a short piece of text (5 words or fewer). Modernize it into contemporary English if there's enough context, but do not add or omit any information. If context is insufficient, return it unchanged. Do not add commentary, and do not modify any placeholders. If you see placeholders of the form __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_x__, you must keep them exactly as-is so they can be replaced with links. fl. oz. water. Enema 1/80 grain with 10 ♏ alcohol, 4 fl. oz. water, 1 to 3 times daily.—Max D.: Daily, 1/32 grain.

Dioviburnia.

Not completely defined.—(Stated: "1 fl. oz. represents 45 drops of each fl. extract of viburnum prunifolium, viburnum opulus, dioscorea villosa, aletris farinosa, helonias dioica, mitchella repens, caulophyllum, scutellaria.—Antispasmodic, Pain Reliever.—Uses: Dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, etc.—Dose: 10—30 drops.")

Diuretin, see Theobromine and Sodium Salicylate.

Duboisine Sulfate Merck.

Yellowish, highly absorbent powder.—Sol. in water, alcohol.—Hypnotic, Sedative, Mydriatic.—Uses: Mainly as a mydriatic, much stronger than atropine; also used in mental illnesses, typically administered via injection.—Dose: 1/80—1/20 grain.—External. in 0.2 to 0.8% solution.

Dulcamara—U.S.P.

Preparation: F.E. (D., 30-120 min.).

Duotal,—see Guaiacol Carbonate.

Elaterin Merck.—U.S.P.—Cryst.

Cryst. powd.: very bitter taste.—Sun. in alcohol, chloroform; slightly in ether.—Strong laxative.—Uses: Ascites, uremia, pulmonary edema, poisoning from narcotics, etc.—Dose: 1/20—1/12 gr.

Elaterium Merck.—(According to Clutterbuck).

Dose: 1/8—1/2 g.

Emetin (Resinoid) Merck.—(Don't confuse it with the Alkaloid!)

Yellowish-brown lumps.—Nausea-inducing, Sweating, Cough-relieving.—Dose: Nausea-inducing, 1/8—1/4 gr.; cough-relieving, 1/60—1/30 gr.

Emetine (Alkaloid) Merck.—Pure.—(Do not confuse with the Resinoid!)

Brown powder; bitter taste; darkens when exposed.—Sol. in alcohol, chloroform; slightly in ether; very slightly in water.—Emetic, expectorant.—Dose: Emetic, 1/16—1/8 grain; expectorant, 1/120—1/60 grain.

Ergot Sterile.

Standardized, sterilized preparation of ergot for injection use; free from extractive substances and ergotinic acid. Each 1 cc bulb contains 2 gm (30 grains) of ergot.

Ergot—U.S.P.

Dose: 20—90 grams—Preparations: Extract (D., 5—15 grams); Fluid Extract (1:1); Wine (15:100).

Ergotin (Bonjean) by Merck.

Dose: 3—10 gr.—Warning: Breaks down in solution; should be sterilized and handled very carefully.

Ergotole.

Liq. preparation of ergot, 21/2 times stronger than U.S.P. fl. ext.; claimed to be permanent.—Inject. 5—20 min.

Eriodictyon—U.S.P.

Yerba Santa. — Preparation: F.E. (D., 20–60 min.).

Erythrol Tetranitrate Merck.

Cryst. mass, bursting with sound; therefore available on the market only in tablets with chocolate, each containing 1/2 grain of the salt.—Vasomotor dilator and antispasmodic, similar to nitroglycerin.—Uses: Angina pectoris, asthma, etc.—Dose: 1—2 tablets.

Eserine Salicylate by Merck.

Physostigmine Salicylate.—Slightly yellowish crystals.—Sun. in 150 parts water; solution turns red over time.—Spinal depressant, antitetanic, myotic—Applications: Tetanus, muscle spasms, strychnine poisoning, etc.; in 5% solution to constrict pupil.—Dose: 1/120—1/30 grams.—Max. D. 1/20 grams.

Eserine Sulfate Merck.

Physostigmine Sulfate.—Yellowish, highly hygroscopic powder; bitter taste; quickly turns red.—Sol. easily dissolves in water, alcohol.—Uses, Doses, etc.: As Eserine Salicylate.

Ether—U.S.P.

Sulfuric Ether.—Dose: 10—40 min.—Antidotes: Emetics, fresh air, ammonia.—Warning: Vapor is flammable!—Preparations: Spt. (32.5 percent.); Comp. Spt. (32.5 percent.).

Ethyl Bromide Merck - CP

Hydrobromic Ether.—Colorless, flammable, volatile liquid; burning taste, chloroform smell.—Sun. in alcohol, ether, chloroform.—Inhalant and local anesthetic, nerve sedative.—Uses: Minor surgery, spray for neuralgia, etc.; epilepsy, hysteria, etc. [It's very important to use a pure product for internal use, as an impure one can cause serious after-effects; Merck's is strictly pure.]—Dose: 150—300 [min] for inhalation; by mouth, 5—10 drops on sugar, or in capsules.—Warning: Keep away from light and air!—N.B. This is not Ethylene Bromide, which is poisonous!

Ethyl Chloride by Merck.

Gas at normal temperatures and pressures: when compressed, it’s colorless. Liquid—Fix. in alcohol.—Local Anesthetic—Uses: for minor and dental surgery, and for nerve pain, applied as a spray; use the heat of your hand to push the stream from the tubes. Hold 6—10 inches away from the area.—Warning: Highly flammable!

Ethyl Iodide by Merck.

Hydriodic Ether.—Clear, neutral liquid; quickly turns brown when stored.—Sol. in alcohol, ether; insoluble in water.—Alterative, Antispasmodic, Stimulant.—Uses: Internal: chronic rheumatism, scrofula, secondary syphilis, chronic bronchitis, asthma, chronic laryngitis, and by inhalation for bronchial issues; External: in 10—20% ointment.—Dose: 5—16 [min], several times daily, in capsules or on sugar; inhalation: 10—20 drops.—Warning: Even in diffused daylight, Ethyl Iodide breaks down quickly, as the light releases iodine that colors the ether. When kept completely in the dark, the breakdown is very slow; with minimal exposure and careful use, it is not rapid. The breakdown process becomes even slower with the addition of about 10 drops of a very dilute soda solution in each vial. When the color deepens beyond pale wine, mix it with 5 or 10 drops of that solution.

Ethylene Bromide Merck.—(Not Ethyl Bromide).

Brownish, volatile, mixable liquid; has a chloroform smell.—Mixes well with alcohol; insoluble in water.—Antiepileptic and sedative.—Uses: Epilepsy, alcohol withdrawal delirium, nervous headaches, etc.—Dose: 1—2 drops, 2—3 times daily, in emulsion or capsules.

Eucaine, Alpha-, Hydrochlorate.

Wh. powd.—Sun. in 10 parts water.—Local anesthetic, similar to cocaine.—Applied to mucous surfaces in 1—5% solution.—Subcutaneous. 15—60 min. of 6% solution.

Eucaine, Beta-, Hydrochloride.

Wh. powd.—Sol. in 28 parts water.—Local anesthetic, specifically designed for eye use.—-Applied in 2% solution.

Eucalyptol Merck — U.S.P. — C.P.

Dose: 5—16 ♏ 4 or 5 times daily, in capsules, sweetened emulsion, or sugar.—Injection: 8—16 ♏ of a mixture of 2—5 eucalyptol and 10 liquid paraffin.

Eucalyptus—U.S.P.

Preparation: F.E. (D., 5—20 min.).—See also, Eucalyptus Oil and Eucalyptol.

Eudoxine.

Bismuth salt of nosophen.—Odorless, tasteless, insoluble powder; 52.9% iodine.—Intestinal antiseptic and astringent.—Dose: 4—10 grains, 3—5 times daily.

Eugallol.

Pyrogallol Monoacetate, Knoll.—Thick, clear, dark yellow substance.—Melts easily in water.—A substitute for Pyrogallol in stubborn chronic psoriasis; very effective in action.—Pre-owned the same way as pyrogallol.

Eugenol Merck—100% Pure.

Eugenic Acid; Caryophyllene Acid.—Colorless, oily liquid; spicy smell; burning taste.—Sun. in alcohol, ether, chloroform, solution of caustic soda,—Antiseptic, Antitubercular, Local Anesthetic.—Applications: Extern., ointment with lanolin for eczema and other skin conditions, local anesthetic in dentistry, etc.; intern., tuberculosis, chronic catarrh, etc.—Dose: 8—30 ♏.—Max. D. 45 ♏.

Euonymus—U.S. Patent

Wahoo.—Preparation: Ext. (D., 2—5 grn.).

Eupatorium—U.S.P.

Boneset.—Preparation: F.E. (D., 20–60 min.).

Euonymin, American, Brown, Merck.

Brownish powder.—Uses: Gallbladder stimulant and strong laxative, similar to podophyllin.—Dose: 11/2—6 grams.

Euphorin Merck.—(Not Europhen.)

Phenyl ethyl urethane.—Colorless needles; faint aromatic smell; clove flavor.—Sun. in alcohol, ether, slightly in water.—Antirheumatic, Pain reliever, Antiseptic, Fever reducer—Uses: Internally, for rheumatism, tuberculosis, headaches, and sciatica; externally, as a dusting powder for venereal and other skin diseases, ulcers.—Dose: 8—16 grains, 2—3 times daily.

Equinine.

Quinine Ethyl chlorocarbonate.—Slightly bitter powder.—Sun. in alcohol, ether, chloroform; slightly soluble in water.—Substitute for other quinine salts, used internally.—Dose: About 11/2 times that of quin. sulph., in powder or capsules, or mixed with soup, milk, or cocoa.

Euresol.

Resorcin Monoacetate, Knoll.—Thick, clear, yellow substance that can be easily powdered.—Substitute for Resorcin.—Uses: Mainly for acne, simple sycosis, seborrhea, etc.—External. in 5 to 20% ointment.

Eurobin.

Chrysarobin Triacetate, Knoll.—Sun. in chloroform, acetone, ether; insoluble in water. It is a substitute for Chrysarobin and a very effective reducer or "reactive." —External. in a 1 to 20% solution in acetone, with 5 to 10% of saligallol.

Europhen.

Yellow powder; 27.6% iodine.—Solution in alcohol, ether, chloroform, and fixed oils; insoluble in water or glycerin.—Anti-syphilis, Surgical Antiseptic.—Dose: (by injection): 1/2—11/2 grain once daily, in oil.—Outside use like iodoform.

Extract, Bone Marrow, (Armour's).

Not completely defined.—(Stated: "Medullary glyceride, containing all the essential ingredients of fresh red bone marrow.—Hematinic, Nutrient.—Uses: Anemia, chlorosis, etc.—Dose: 1—2 fl. drs., in water, milk, or wine, 3 times daily.")

Cod Liver Oil Extract,—see Gaduol.

Extract, Ergot, Water-based, Soft,—see Ergotin.

Extract, Licorice, Purified, Merck.—U.S.P.—Fully soluble.

Licorice Root Extract.—Used to mask the taste of bitter mixtures, infusions, or decoctions; also serves as a binder for pills. Part of Comp. Mixt. Glycyrrhiza.

Extract, Male Fern,—see Oleoresin, Male Fern.

Extract, Malt, Merck.—Dry, Powder.

Contains the highest amount of diastase, dextrin, dextrose, protein compounds, and salts from barley.—Tonic, Dietary. Uses: Children, patients with scrofula, those with indigestion, etc.—Dose: 1—4 drams.

Extract, Monesia, Merck.—Liquid, Dry

Alterative, Intestinal Astringent.—Uses: Chronic diarrhea, mucus discharge, lymphatic issues, vitamin C deficiency, etc.—Dose: 2—5 grains.

Extract, Muira-puama, Liquid, Merck.

Aphrodisiac, Nerve-stimulant.—Uses: Sexual weakness, age-related decline, etc.—Dose: 15—30 ♏.

Extract, Opium, Liquid, Merck.—U.S.P.—Dry.

Dose: 1/4—1 grain.—Max. D. 2 grains at once; 5 grains per day.

Ferropyrine.

Ferric chloride antipyrine, Knoll; Ferripyrine.—64% antipyrine, 12% iron, 24% chlorine.—Orange-red non-hygroscopic powder.—Sol. in 5 parts water, 9 parts boiling water; in alcohol, benzene, slightly in ether.—Hematinic, styptic, astringent, antineuralgic—Uses: Internally, for anemia, chlorosis, migraine, headache, neuralgia; externally, for gonorrhea, nosebleed, etc. Dose: 5—15 grains, with peppermint oil sugar, or in solution.—Outwardly in 1—1Below is a short piece of text (5 words or fewer). Modernize it into contemporary English if there's enough context, but do not add or omit any information. If context is insufficient, return it unchanged. Do not add commentary, and do not modify any placeholders. If you see placeholders of the form __A_TAG_PLACEHOLDER_x__, you must keep them exactly as-is so they can be replaced with links. 1/2% solution for gonorrhea; 20% solution or pure for hemorrhages.

Firwein (Tilden's).

Not completely defined.—(Stated: "Each fluid dram contains 1/100 grain of phosphorus, 1/6 grain of iodine, 1/6 grain of bromine.—Alterative, Anticatarrhal.—Uses: Chronic bronchitis, tuberculosis, catarrh, etc.—Dose: 1—2 fluid drams, before meals.")

Fluorescein by Merck.

Orange-red powder.—Sun. in ether, alkaline solution.—Uses: Diagnosis of corneal lesions and blocked nasal ducts. Solution: 10 grams, with 15 grams of sodium bicarbonate, in one ounce of water.

Food and Diet Products.

Bovinine.—"Raw bovine blood."

Carnrick's Dissolvable Food.

Eskay's Protein-Enriched Food.

Globon.—A chemically pure protein.—See under "G."

Hemaboloids.—"Iron-containing proteins, enhanced with bone-marrow extract, and treated with nuclein for antiseptic properties."

Horlick's Nutrition.—"In 100 parts, it contains 3.39% water, 0.08% fat, 34.99% glucose, 12.45% cane sugar, 6.71% proteins, 1.28% minerals, but no starch."

Imperial Granum.—"A food product made from the best quality wheat; it has no sugar, cane sugar, or malt."

Baby Food, Keasbey & Mattison's.

Liebig's Soluble Food.

Malted Milk, Horlick's.

Malt beverage.—"Gathering all the nutritional and digestive benefits of wheat, oats, and malted barley."—Maltine M'f'g Co., Brooklyn, N.Y.

Maltzyme.—See under "M."

Mellin's Baby Food.—"Contains dextrin, maltose, albuminates, and salts."

Nestlé's Food.—"40% sugar, 5% fat, 15% protein, 30% dextrin and starch."

Nutrose.—"Casein sodium."

Panopeptone.—"Bread and beef peptone; made from the whole edible parts of high-quality, lean beef and the finest wheat flour."

Peptide Milk Powder.—"For changing cow's milk into a food for infants that closely resembles mother's milk in terms of physiological, chemical, and physical properties."

Peptonized Milk.—See Peptonizing Tubes.

Peptonoids, Beef.—"Made from beef and milk, with gluten."

Peptonoids, Liquid.—"Beef Peptonoids in liquid form."

Saccharin.—Diabetes-friendly and Clean Alternative to Sugar.—See under "S."

Sanose.—"80% pure casein, 20% pure albumose."

Somatose.—"Deutero- and hetero-albumoses."

Trophonine.—"Made with the nutritional components of beef, egg whites, and wheat protein."

Formalbumin.

Formaldehyde Protein, Merck; from Casein.—Yellowish powder, nearly odorless and tasteless.—Acts as a protective healing agent, creating a film that gradually releases formaldehyde, thereby consistently disinfecting the wound surface.

Formaldehyde Merck.

Aqueous solution of formaldehyde gas; about 35%.—Colorless, volatile liquid; pungent smell.—Non-corrosive surgical and general antiseptic (for wounds, abscesses, etc., for clothing, bed linens, walls, etc.); preservative for eye solutions and anatomical or botanical specimens.—Applied as vapor or solution: In surgery, 1/4—1/2% solution; general antisepsis, 1/4—2% solution or as vapor; for eye solutions, 1/10% solution; for hardening anatomical specimens, 4—10% solution. [Other brands of this preparation are sold under special names, such as "Formalin," "Formol," etc. The Merck article is sold under its true chemical name: "Formaldehyde."]

Formaldehyde, Para-—see Paraformaldehyde.

Formalin or Formol,—see Formaldehyde.

Formin.

Hexamine, Merck.—Alkaline crystalline powder.—Sun. in water, slightly in alcohol.—Uric acid solvent and urinary antiseptic.—Uses: Gout, cystitis, etc.—Dosage: 15—30 grains daily, taken in the morning, or morning and evening, in lithia water or carbonated water.

Frangula—U.S.P.

Buckthorn. — Laxative. — Preparation: F.E. (D., 15—30 min.).

Fuchsine, Medicinal, Merck.

Fuchsine free from arsenic. — Sun. in water. — Antiseptic, Antinephritic. — Uses: Internal., nephritis, cystitis; claimed to reduce swelling and stop albuminuria. — Dose: 1/2—3 grn., several times daily, in pills. — Warning: Do not confuse with Fuchsine Dye!

Gaduol.

Cod Liver Oil Extract Merck.—A brown, oily liquid with a bitter, sharp taste; it contains the active therapeutic ingredients of cod-liver oil (iodine, bromine, phosphorus, and alkaloids) without any of the unnecessary components of the oil.—Alterative, Nutrient.—Uses: As a substitute for cod-liver oil.—Dose: 5—30 ♏, in the form of an elixir or wine.—[For more details, see "Merck's Digest" on "Gaduol," which includes in-depth information, formulas, etc.]

Gall, Ox, Thickened, Merck.—Purified, Clear Solution.

Laxative, Digestive.—Uses: Typhoid fever, lack of bile secretion, etc.—Dose: 2—5 grains, several times daily, in capsules or pills.

Gallanol Merck.

Gallic Acid Anilide.—White or grayish powder.—Sol. in alcohol and ether; slightly soluble in water and chloroform.—Antiseptic for skin.—Uses: External. Used instead of chrysarobin or pyrogallol for acute or chronic eczema, 1–7 parts in 30 parts of ointment; for psoriasis, 20% solution in chloroform or traumaticin; for moist eczema, 25% mixed with talcum; for favus, prurigo, and tricophyton, 20% solution in alcohol with a bit of ammonia.

Gallobromol Merck.

Dibromo-gallic Acid.—Small, grayish crystals.—Sol. in alcohol, ether, and 10 parts water.—Sedative, Antiseptic, Astringent.—Uses: Internally, as a substitute for potassium bromide; Externally, for treating cystitis, gonorrhea, gleet, and other skin conditions.—Dose: 10–30 grains.—Outside in a 1–4% solution, powder, or paste.

Gamboge—U.S.P.

Dose: 1—5 g.—Included in Comp. Cathartic Pills.

Gelanthum.

Praised by Unna as the perfect water-soluble medium for applying dermal treatments. Creates a smooth, even layer without being sticky. Doesn’t stain the skin or fabric. Easily mixes with 50% ichthyol, 40% salicylic acid, resorcin, or pyrogallol, 5% carbolic acid, and 1% mercuric chloride. Effectively keeps insoluble medications well suspended.

Gelseminine (Alkaloid) Merck.—C.P.

White microscopic crystals — Sun. in alcohol, ether, chloroform. — (The hydrochlorate and sulphate are soluble in water.) — Antineuralgic, Antispasmodic. — Uses: Neuralgia, rheumatism, dysmenorrhea, etc.; also an antidote to strychnine. — Dose: 1/120 — 1/30 grain. — Max. D. 1/30 grain single, 1/5 grain daily. — Cures: Emetics early, atropine, strophanthin, artificial respiration, external stimulation.

(The salts of Gelseminine are not described because they are mainly used as mentioned above.)

Gelsemium—USP

Yellow Jasmine.—Preparations: F.E. (D., 2—5 min.), Tr. (D., 10—30 min.).—See also, Gelseminine.

Gentian—U.S.P.

Dose: 10—30 grains—Preparations: Ext. (D., 2—6 grains); F.E. (D., 10—30 minutes); Comp. Tr. (D., 1—2 drams).

Geranium – U.S.P.

Cranesbill.—Dose: 30—60 grams.—Preparation: F.E. (1:1).

Ginger—U.S.P.

Dose: 5—20 grn.—Preparations: F.E. (1:1); Oleores. (D., 1/2—2 min.); Tr. (1:5); Troches (3 min. Tr.); Syr. (3 percent. F.E.).

Globon.

Chemically pure albumin.—Yellowish, dry, odorless, and tasteless powder.—Insolvent. in water.—Albuminous, nutritive, and reconstructive; more nutritious than meat, milk, or any other food; very easily absorbed.—Used in acute diseases and during recovery; in anemia, stomach issues, diabetes, and gout; also for children.—Dose: 1/2—1 dram several times daily, best taken with starchy food; children 1/4—1/2 as much.

Glycerin—USP

Dose: 1–4 drams.—Preparation: Suppository (95 percent).

Glycerin Tonic (Gray's).

Not entirely defined.—(Stated: "A mix of glycerin, sherry, gentian, dandelion, phosphoric acid, and carminatives.—Alterative Tonic [especially for chest and throat diseases].—Dose: 1/2 fl. oz., before meals, in water.")

Glyco-thymoline.

Not completely defined.—(Stated: "Alkaline, antiseptic, cleansing solution for treating diseased mucous membranes, especially nasal congestion.—Used mainly externally: generally in a 20% solution."—Dose: 1 fluid drachm, diluted.)

Glycozone.

Not completely defined.—(Stated: "Result of the chemical reaction when glycerin is exposed to 15 times its own volume of ozone, at normal atmospheric pressure at 0°C.—Color: thick liquid; specific gravity: 1.26.—Disinfectant, Antizymotic—Dose: 1—2 fluid drams, after meals, in water.—Enema: 1/2—1 fluid ounce in 1—2 pints of water.")

Glycyrrhiza—U.S.P.

Licorice root.—Preparations: Extract and Fluid Extract (vehicles); Compound Powder (Dosage, 1—2 drams); Compound Mixture (Dosage, 2—4 fluid drams); Troches with Glycerin and Opium (one-twelfth grain Opium).—See also, Glycyrrhizin, Ammoniated.

Glycyrrhizin, Ammoniated, Merck.—Clearly Soluble.

Dark brown or reddish-brown, sweet scales.—Sol. in water, alcohol.—Expectorant, Demulcent.—Uses: Mainly combined with bitter or neutral medicines to mask the taste; also used as a cough remedy.—Dose: 5—15 gr.—Not compatible with acids.

Gold Bromide, Au, Merck.

Gold Tribromide.—Dark-brown powder.—Sun. in water, ether.—Uses, Dosage, etc.: same as Gold Bromide, Aurous.

Gold Bromide, Au, Merck.

Gold Monobromide.—Yellowish-gray, brittle masses.—Insolvent. in water. Antiepileptic, pain reliever, calming agent.—Uses: Epilepsy, migraines, etc.; claimed to work quickly and continuously in small doses, without causing bromism.—Dose: Antiepileptic, 1/10—1/5 grain, 2 or 3 times daily, in pills; anodyne, 1/20 grain, 2 times daily. For children, use half the adult amount.

Gold Chloride Merck.

Gold Chloride.—Brown, very hygroscopic crystalline masses.—Sun. in water, alcohol.—Antitubercular, Alterative.—Uses: Tuberculosis and other tubercular diseases; lupus.—Dose: 1/50—1/15 grn.—Warning: Keep dry, away from light!

Gold Cyanide, Auric, Merck.

Gold Tricyanide.—Colorless, hygroscopic plates.—Sun. in water, alcohol. Uses: Antitubercular.—Dose: 1/20—1/10 grain.—Cures: Like Gold Cyanide, Aurous.

Gold Cyanide, Aurous, Merck.

Gold Monocyanide.—Yellow crystalline powder.—Insolvent. in water, alcohol, or ether.—Dose: 1/16—1/4 grain, several times daily, in pills—Cures: Emetics, stomach pump, artificial respiration, ferric or ferrous sulfate, ammonia, chlorine, hot and cold douches, etc.

Gold Iodide Merck.

Aurous Iodide.—Greenish or yellow powder.—Alterative.—Uses: Scrofula and tuberculosis.—Dose: 1/64—1/8 grain.

Gold and Sodium Chloride Merck—U.S.P.

Dose: 1/24—1/4 grn.—Incompatible items: Silver nitrate, ferrous sulfate, oxalic acid.

Grindelia—U.S.P.

Preparation: F.E., (D., 20-60 min.).

Guaiac—USP

Guaiac resin.—Dose: 5—15 grains.—Preparations: Tr. (D., 20—60 minutes); Ammon. Tr. (D., 1—2 drams).

Merck Guaiacol.

Colorless, clear, oily liquid; has a characteristic aromatic smell.—Sun. in alcohol; ether, 200 parts water.—Antitubercular, antiseptic, antipyretic, local analgesic.—Uses: Internally, for tuberculosis, lupus, and intestinal tuberculosis, febrile conditions.—Dose: 2 ♏ 3 times daily, gradually increased to 16 ♏, in pills, or in a 1—2% solution with brandy, wine, etc., after meals.—Outside (Analgesic and Antipyretic): 16—32 ♏, either pure or mixed with equal parts glycerin or oil.

Guaiacol Benzoate,—see Benzosol.

Guaiacol Carbonate.

Duotal.—Small, white, odorless, tasteless crystals.—Insolvent. in water.—Antitubercular.—Dose: 4—8 grains, 2 or 3 times daily, gradually increased to 90 grains a day if necessary, in powder.

Guaiacol Phosphite.

Gaiacophosphal.—Oily liquid; 92% guaiacol.—Sun. in alcohol, glycerin, oils.—Antitubercular, etc., similar to guaiacol.—Dose: Same as guaiacol; in pills, elixir, or wine.

Guaiacol Salol Merck.

Guaiacol Salicylate.—White, tasteless crystals; salol scent.—Sun. in alcohol; not soluble in water.—Intestinal antiseptic, antitubercular, antirheumatic—Uses: Tuberculosis-related diarrhea, dysentery, rheumatism, wasting syndrome, chorea, etc.—Dose: 15 grains, several times daily.—Max. D. 150 grains daily.

Guaiaquin.

Quinine Guaiacol-Bisulfonate.—Yellowish, sharp, bitter powder; 61.36% quinine, 23.48% guaiacol.—Sun. in water, alcohol, diluted acids.—Antiperiodic, Intestinal Antiseptic—Dose: 5—10 gr, 3 times daily, before meals.

Guarana—U.S.P.

Dose: 15—60 grams.—Preparation: F.E. (1:1).

Guethol Merck.

Guaiacol ethyl.—Oily liquid that solidifies in the cold.—Sol. in alcohol, ether, and chloroform; insoluble in water or glycerin.—Local anesthetic, topical and internal antitubercular.—Uses: Mainly as a substitute for guaiacol; externally, for neuralgia, tubercular cystitis, etc.; internally for phthisis.—Dose: 5—10 ♏ 3 times daily, in sweetened hydro-alcoholic solution.—Outside, used as a paint with equal parts chloroform, or in a 10—20% ointment.

Haema-, Haemo-,—see under Hema-, Hemo-, etc.

Witch Hazel—U.S.P.

Witch hazel.—Preparation: F.E. (D., 15—60 min.).

Hedeoma—U.S.P.

Pennyroyal herb.—Preparations: Oil (D., 3—10 min.); Spt. (10% oil).

Hematoxylin—U.S.P.

Logwood.—Preparations: Ext. (D., 10—20 grams).

Hemogallol.

Hemoglobin Decreased by Pyrogallol, Merck.—Reddish-brown powder containing iron that's easily absorbed. —Hematinic, Constructive, Tonic.—Uses: Anemia, chlorosis, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and during recovery; easily converts into blood pigment in weak individuals and is generally well tolerated; much better than inorganic iron supplements. —Dose: 4—8 grains, 3 times daily, 1/2 hour before meals, in powder with sugar, or in pills or chocolate tablets.

Merck Hemoglobin.

Brownish-red powder or scales.—Solution in water.—Hematinic—Uses: Anemia, chlorosis, etc.—Dose: 75—150 grains, daily, in wine or syrup.

Hemolysis.

Zinc Lowers Hemoglobin Merck.—Dark-brown powder containing easily digestible iron, with small amounts of zinc oxide.—Hematinic, Antichlorotic—Uses: Anemia and chlorosis, neurasthenia, etc.—Dose: 2—8 grains, before meals, in powder form with sugar, or in wafers.

Hexamethylene-tetramine—see Formin.

Hexamethylenetetramine Salicylate,—see Saliformin.

Holocaine.

Wh. needles—Sun. in 40 parts water; not broken down when boiled.—Local Anesthetic, similar to cocaine.—Uses: Mainly for eye diseases in 1% solution.

Homatropine Hydrobromate Merck.

Small white crystals.—Solution in 10 parts water, 133 parts alcohol.—Uses: Mydriatic in eye surgery; for night sweats from tuberculosis, and as a sedative. The mydriatic effect starts in 15 to 30 minutes, peaks at 1 hour, and wears off in 6 hours. The paralysis of accommodation ends sooner. Dose: 1/120—1/60 grain.—Outwardly, to the eye, in 1% solution.