SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
An Alphabetical List of Commonly Used Words, Organized with Others of Similar and Opposite Meanings

The aim in compiling this book has been to make the list of words in common use concise yet full, and authoritative yet suggestive. Above five thousand leading words are given, and the synonyms and antonyms comprise several thousand more different words.

Actual references may be multiplied by looking up a synonym or antonym, as well as by consulting cognate words, such as the corresponding noun, verb, or adjective.

In some cases common words have been omitted, because they were composed of a root word and a prefix, intensive or privative. Their synonyms and antonyms may be found under the root word.

Occasionally within the lists words closely synonymous or antonymic have been grouped within semicolons.

The part of speech of a word is designated by an abbreviation in such cases as are necessary to save confusion.

Synonyms appear immediately after the leading word; antonyms, after the abbreviation “Ant.” This order is invariable.

In the effort to make this list authoritative, the standard dictionaries and the acknowledged authorities on the subject have been consulted.

Abandon. Desert, leave, forsake, depart from, quit, give up, relinquish, discontinue, abdicate, renounce, repudiate, forswear, withdraw from, vacate, surrender, retract, recant, retire from, cast off, abjure, cede, cease, resign, forego, yield, waive, part with, let go, lay down, evacuate, drop, deliver up.

Ant. Claim, cherish, defend, keep, hold, maintain, protect, adopt, uphold, advocate, vindicate, occupy, undertake, prosecute, pursue, follow, seek, guard, favor, retain, support, assert, haunt.

Abandoned. Discarded, rejected and the p.p. of the syn. of “abandon”; depraved, corrupt, profligate, wicked, unprincipled, shameless, sinful, hardened, impenitent, lost, demoralized, vicious, dissolute, reprobate, graceless, obdurate, licentious, incorrigible, irreclaimable, bad.

Ant. The p.p. of the ant. of “abandon”; visited, frequented, sociable; virtuous, good, deserving, worthy, commendable, excellent, laudable; reclaimable, penitent; conscientious, correct, upright, righteous, self-controlled, high-principled, steady.

Abandonment. Desertion, renunciation, surrender, rejection, abandoning, relinquishment, dereliction; cession, resignation, abnegation, demission, abjuration, abdication, defection, abrogation.

Ant. Solicitude, care, heed, watchfulness, vigilance; hospitality, entertainment, conviviality, welcome, reception; retention, completion, reclamation, support, help, correction, custody, tenacity.

Abase. Degrade, reduce, lower, discredit, disgrace, dishonor, humble, sink, humiliate, bring low, cast down, stoop, debase, depress, drop, take down, demean.

Ant. Elevate, exalt, honor, promote, raise, dignify, uplift, aggrandize.

Abasement. Degradation, humiliation, dishonor, degeneracy, shame, depression, reduction, lowering, fall, deterioration, debasement, degeneration, vitiation, perversion, depravation, abjection, disrepute, discredit, subserviency.

Ant. Promotion, exaltation, honor, elevation, aggrandizement, dignity, repute, reputation, standing, supremacy.

Abash. Bewilder, confound, disconcert, discompose, confuse, daunt, humble, dishearten, mortify, shame, humiliate, snub, discountenance.

2Ant. Embolden, cheer, encourage, animate, uphold, rally, countenance, inspirit, abet, incite, buoy.

Abate. Lessen, lower, reduce, diminish, moderate, decrease, decline, ebb, mitigate, subside, suppress, terminate, remove; temper, assuage, alleviate, appease, pacify; remit, allow; relax, slacken; bate, deduct; soothe, soften, qualify, allay, mollify, compose, tranquilize, quiet, quell, calm, dull, blunt; batter down, beat down, demolish, raze.

Ant. Increase, prolong, magnify, foment, enlarge, extend, aggravate, continue, develop, revive, raise, enhance, amplify.

Abatement. Subsidence, decline, lowering, reduction, decrease; allowance, discount, rebate, depreciation, drawback; moderation, lessening, mitigation, assuagement, remission, sinking, settling, waning, fading, ebb, evanishment, declension, deduction, diminution.

Ant. Increase, augmentation, enlargement, increment, accretion, development, growth, aggrandizement, dilation, accession.

Abbreviate. Shorten, contract, curtail, reduce, abridge, condense, epitomize, compress.

Ant. Lengthen, extend, elongate, dilate, expand, amplify, enlarge, produce, stretch, prolong, expatiate.

Abbreviation. Abridgment, contraction, condensation, compend, abstract, epitome, reduction, summary, curtailment, compression.

Ant. Expansion, amplification, expatiation, extension, production, enlargement, dilation.

Abdicate. Resign, relinquish office (especially of the throne), surrender, abandon, vacate, forego, renounce, give up, cede.

Ant. Retain, claim, occupy, maintain, usurp, seize, grasp.

Abdomen. Belly, paunch, ventral region, visceral cavity.

Abduct. Take away (surreptitiously or forcibly), kidnap, run away with, carry off, spirit away, drag away.

Ant. Restore, reinstate, adduct.

Abduction. Withdrawal, drawing away, abstraction, kidnapping, seizure, appropriation.

Ant. Adduction, replacement, restitution, restoration, surrender, reinstatement.

Aberrant. Wandering, rambling, divergent, deviating, devious, erratic; irregular, abnormal, unusual, exceptional.

Ant. Regular, true, consistent, uniform, consecutive, normal, natural, continuous.

Aberration. Wandering, divergence, irregularity, rambling, disconnectedness, hallucination, illusion, delusion, eccentricity, singularity, peculiarity.

Ant. Uniformity, consecutiveness, regularity, progression, continuity, order, type, norm.

Abet. Aid, assist, promote, support, sanction, uphold, countenance, encourage, advocate, incite, instigate, embolden, favor, foment, connive at, coöperate with.

Ant. Hinder, impede, obstruct, frustrate, baffle, confound, counteract, deter, discourage, thwart, contradict, disconcert, disapprove, denounce, dissuade, expose.

Abettor. Assistant, helper, aid, ally, coöperator, advocate, confederate, accomplice, accessory, 3adviser, promoter, instigator, associate, coadjutor.

Ant. Opponent, foe, adversary, antagonist, rival, dissuader, detector, baffler, disconcerter.

Abeyance. Suspense, suspension, expectancy, waiting, anticipation, dormancy, intermission, quiescence, suppression, expectation.

Ant. Renewal, revival, resuscitation, action, operation, exercise, force, possession.

Abhor. Hate, detest, loathe, shrink from, recoil from, shudder at, abominate, despise, dislike, eschew, nauseate, revolt at.

Ant. Crave, desire, enjoy, covet, esteem, like, love, relish, admire, approve, affect.

Abhorrent. Odious, offensive, shocking, repugnant, loathsome, revolting, horrible, repellent, repulsive, nauseating.

Ant. Admirable, enjoyable, lovely, estimable, desirable.

Abide. Wait for, await, attend; endure, tolerate, bear, suffer; anticipate, watch for, expect; bide, continue, reside, dwell, sojourn, tarry, lodge, rest, stay, inhabit, remain.

Ant. Abandon, shun; resist, reject, avoid; deport, migrate, move, journey, continue, proceed, progress.

Abiding. Lasting, continuing, permanent, durable, constant, stable, immutable, changeless, unchanging.

Ant. Ephemeral, fickle, changeable, unsubstantial, perishable.

Ability. Power, force, might, efficiency, vigor, skill, energy, dexterity, adroitness, skilfulness, cleverness, ingenuity, talent, aptitude, facility, knack, expertness, readiness, quickness, strength, capacity, qualification, competency, genius, caliber, capability, capableness, faculty, gift, parts.

Ant. Incapacity, weakness, inability, unreadiness, maladroitness, imbecility, impotence, disability, inaptitude, inefficiency, incompetence, disqualification, helplessness, stupidity, folly.

Abject. Base, vile, mean, low, despicable, contemptible, worthless, groveling, fawning, beggarly, servile, cringing, miserable, degraded, menial, ignoble.

Ant. Dignified, honorable, exalted, worthy, venerable, illustrious, independent, princely, self-assertive, self-reliant, vain, arrogant, insolent, haughty.

Abjure. Renounce, relinquish, reject, forswear, forego, repudiate, disown, give up, retract, revoke, recant, disavow, disclaim, withdraw, take back, deny, apostatize, discard.

Ant. Claim, advocate, acknowledge, profess, vindicate, assert, demand, retain, appropriate, avow.

Able. Accomplished, adroit, talented, clever, ingenious, apt, skilful, efficient, capable, fitted, learned, gifted, masterly, telling, vigorous, strong, proficient, competent, versed, practical, endowed, powerful, mighty.

Ant. Incapable, ineffective, unqualified, stupid, inept, weak, inefficient, unskilful, silly, incompetent.

Ablution. Washing, bathing, cleansing, lavation, purification, baptism.

Ant. Pollution, defilement, dirt, soilure, contamination, taint, stain, abomination, impurity.

4Abnegation. Denial, abjuration, renunciation, rejection, surrender, abandonment, disallowance, abstinence.

Ant. Assertion, vindication, license, claim, indulgence, concession; affirmation, allegation, statement, declaration, word, averment, deposition; proposal, proffer.

Abnormal. Singular, unnatural, unusual, irregular, peculiar, exceptional, aberrant, erratic, monstrous, preternatural.

Ant. Normal, regular, usual, natural, typical, customary, ordinary, common.

Aboard. On board, on the ship, afloat, inside, within.

Ant. Ashore, aground.

Abode. Home, house, place, residence, domicile, habitation, dwelling, lodging, quarters, seat.

Ant. Halt, tent, bivouac, perch.

Abolish. Abrogate, annul, destroy, repeal, revoke, suppress, terminate, rescind, cancel, nullify, suppress, overthrow, extirpate, remove, prohibit, set aside, end, stamp out.

Ant. Establish, support, sustain, cherish, confirm, continue, restore, revive, reinstate, institute, promote, legalize.

Abominable. Hateful, horrible, loathsome, abhorrent, foul, odious, offensive, detestable, impure, execrable.

Ant. Desirable, admirable, enjoyable, pleasing, pure, delectable.

Abomination. Offense, horror, shame, wickedness, abhorrence, aversion, disgust, curse, pollution, iniquity, defilement, corruption, nuisance, annoyance.

Ant. Acquisition, enjoyment, gratification, blessing, desire, longing, delight, benefit, pleasure, satisfaction.

Aboriginal. Primitive, primeval, primary, pristine, native, original, indigenous, autochthonous.

Ant. Subsequent, imported, exotic, recent, modern, late, novel, fresh, immigrant, adventitious.

Abortion. Failure, miscarriage, disappointment, non-success, vain effort, defect, frustration, blunder.

Ant. Success, consummation, completion, realization, perfection, achievement, development, exploit, feat.

Abound. Team, swarm, multiply, swell, increase, flow, luxuriate, flourish, prevail, wanton, revel, exuberate.

Ant. Waste, lack, wane, vanish, lessen, decrease, die, decay, fall.

About. Concerning, regarding, touching, relative to, with reference to, in regard to; near, surrounding, around; almost, nearly, well-nigh; ready, on the point of, on the eve of; around, hind part before.

Ant. Afar, distant, remote; precisely, exactly.

Above. Overhead, aloft, on high; before, previously; higher, having precedence; over, exceeding, beyond, superior, excessive.

Ant. Below, beneath, within; later, subsequently; lower; less, diminished.

Aboveboard. Openly, candidly, frankly, sincerely, fairly, ingenuously, unreservedly, guilelessly.

Ant. Secretly, elusively, underhand, deceitfully, wilily.

Above-named. Named before, aforesaid, above-mentioned, 5above-cited, above-described, mentioned above.

Ant. Named below, described below, hereinafter named.

Abrasion. Rubbing, friction, wearing away or off, disintegration, attrition.

Ant. Accretion, augmentation, increment; supplement, reinforcement.

Abreast. Alongside, side by side, aligned; against, off, opposite to.

Ant. Ahead, astern; behind.

Abridge. Abbreviate, shorten, condense, diminish, reduce, contract, cut down, deprive of, divest of, epitomize, compress.

Ant. Amplify, expand, spread out, extend, dilate.

Abridgment. Summary, synopsis, compend, analysis, abstract, abbreviation, epitome, outline, compendium, digest.

Ant. Amplification, expatiation, exposition, annotation, paraphrase, expansion, comment.

Abroad. Far away, distant, apart, dispersed, aloof, adrift; distracted, confused, dazed, confounded; forth, out of doors.

Ant. Near, close, collected, fast, housed; composed, poised, self-contained; within.

Abrogate. Abolish, cancel, set aside, annul, make void, overrule, invalidate, nullify, repeal.

Ant. Enact, confirm, enforce, establish, continue, revive.

Abrogation. Repeal, rescinding, annulment, abolition, revocation, voidance, cancelation, setting aside; discontinuance, disestablishment.

Ant. Enactment, institution, establishment; sanction, continuance, confirmation.

Abrupt. Sudden, unexpected, hasty, ill-timed, precipitate; steep, precipitous, craggy, rough, rugged, jagged; short, blunt, curt, unceremonious; stiff, cramped, harsh, disconnected.

Ant. Easy, gliding; polished, smooth, undulating; expected, courteous, elegant, complaisant, suave.

Abscond. Depart, steal away, decamp, bolt, disappear, run off, hide, withdraw, retreat, escape, elope, slink or sneak off, absent one’s self.

Ant. Show, appear, emerge, issue, present one’s self.

Absence. Non-attendance, non-appearance, non-existence, absenteeism; inattention, abstraction, preoccupation, musing; want, lack, privation, defect, deficiency.

Ant. Presence, existence, manifestation, evidence, supply; attention, consideration; immanence, inherency.

Absent. Away, gone; abstracted, preoccupied, inattentive, dreaming.

Ant. Present, here; attentive, alert.

Absolute. Perfect, complete, supreme, autocratic, authoritative, commanding, independent, unrestricted, unqualified, unlimited, unconditioned, self-existent, self-determined, ideal; despotic, arbitrary, exacting, domineering, tyrannical, imperious, dictatorial, irresponsible; positive, actual, real, veritable, genuine, certain, categorical, unquestionable.

Ant. Related, responsible, conditioned, limited, qualified, restricted, accountable; ductile, humble, lenient, meek, mild, yielding, compliant, complaisant; dubious, contingent, defective, 6deficient, wanting, lacking, mutilated, incomplete.

Absolution. Acquittal, remission, release, deliverance, forgiveness, pardon, shriving, shrift; indulgence, justification.

Ant. Charge, accusation, condemnation, censure, conviction; penance, purgation, fasting, flagellation.

Absolve. Acquit, clear, exonerate, forgive, free, liberate, release, pardon, set free, discharge, exempt, exculpate.

Ant. Accuse, condemn, convict, impeach, charge, compel; obligate, oblige, bind.

Absorb. Take in, consume, imbibe, swallow, suck up, exhaust; engross, engage, immerse, occupy, arrest, rivet (of attention).

Ant. Give up, disgorge, send out, radiate, throw off, eject; dissipate, distract, disperse.

Absorption. Absorbing, imbibing, assimilation, destruction, consumption, exhaustion; engrossment, engagement, occupation, immersion.

Ant. Ejection, rejection, expulsion, discharge; inadvertency, inattention, oversight, disregard.

Abstain. Refrain, resist, forbear, desist, deny one’s self, avoid, cease, stop, withhold, give up, relinquish.

Ant. Indulge, wanton, revel, yield to, gratify.

Abstemious. Abstinent, sober, moderate, temperate, sparing, frugal, self-denying, continent.

Ant. Sensual, self-indulgent, intemperate, greedy.

Absterge. Wipe off, purge, cleanse, purify, scrub, sponge, scour.

Ant. Soil, pollute, begrime, contaminate, bespatter, bedaub.

Abstersive. Cleansing, purging, purifying, scouring; detergent, cathartic.

Ant. Corruptive, contaminative, offensive.

Abstinence. Temperance, abstemiousness, self-control, self-restraint, self-denial, sobriety, fasting, continence, moderation, frugality.

Ant. Excess, intoxication, self-indulgence, sensuality, wantonness, intemperance, greed, gluttony, revelry, dissipation.

Abstinent. Abstaining, fasting; abstemious, sober, temperate, self-restraining, self-denying, continent, austere.

Ant. Sensual, self-indulgent, intemperate, epicurean, dissipated, incontinent, debauched.

Abstract, n. Epitome, summary, abridgment, compend, synopsis, syllabus, outline, digest, brief, compendium, gist, drift, contents.

Ant. Amplification, disquisition, exposition, expansion, expatiation.

Abstract, v. Appropriate, withdraw, remove, separate, take away, detach, purloin, part, eliminate, distract, discriminate, abridge.

Ant. Add, complete, increase, restore, unite, conjoin, fill up, strengthen, combine.

Abstracted. Separated, withdrawn, removed; subtle, refined, abstruse; inattentive, preoccupied, dreaming, absent-minded, oblivious, thoughtless, negligent, indifferent, heedless, absorbed, absent.

Ant. Intelligible, lucid, transparent; attentive, intent, observant, alert, prompt, ready, thoughtful, wide-awake.

Abstraction. Disconnection, disjunction, 7removal, isolation, separation; preoccupation, revery, inattention, absorption, absence; taking, abduction, seizure, stealing, appropriation, purloining; classification, generalization.

Ant. Addition, conjunction, union, restitution, importation, restoration; enumeration, analysis; attention, specification, observation, individualization.

Abstruse. Hidden, difficult, recondite, profound, deep, curious, occult, dark, obscure, mystical, hard, vague, indefinite, mysterious, abstract, transcendental.

Ant. Patent, simple, obvious, trite, intelligible, manifest, lucid, clear, easy, plain, popular, superficial.

Absurd. Ludicrous, monstrous, nonsensical, preposterous, senseless, ridiculous, foolish, irrational, wild, unreasonable.

Ant. Sensible, rational, reasonable, logical, wise, sagacious, sound, substantial, philosophical, reflective, consistent, true.

Absurdity. Unreasonableness, irrationality, foolishness, folly, fatuity, idiocy, extravagance, drivel.

Ant. Reason, possibility; truism, axiom, maxim, adage.

Abundance. Profusion, wealth, affluence; flow, flood, overflow; copiousness, fertility, richness, largeness, store, plenty, exuberance, plenteousness.

Ant. Scarcity, deficiency, rarity, scantiness, dearth, failure, poverty.

Abundant. Abounding, flowing, plentiful, liberal, bountiful, sufficient, lavish, plenteous, much, copious, replete, full, teeming.

Ant. Rare, scarce, scant, deficient, insufficient, short, niggardly, sparing, impoverished, dry, drained.

Abuse, n. Misuse, dishonor, maltreatment, outrage, reviling, obloquy, defamation, insult, disparagement, reproach, ill usage.

Ant. Kindness, praise, deference, respect, honor, good treatment, good usage.

Abuse, v. Harm, ill-treat, ill-use, injure, wrong, maltreat, oppress, molest, malign, impose on, ruin, victimize, slander, violate, ravish, defile, disparage, damage, defame, misuse.

Ant. Cherish, protect, regard, shield, respect, care for, tend, benefit; laud, favor, applaud, extol, eulogize, praise; uphold, sustain, vindicate, conserve.

Abusive. Insulting, rude, denunciatory, reproachful, injurious, offensive, reviling, insolent, scurrilous, opprobrious.

Ant. Respectful, attentive, laudatory, kind, flattering, courteous, complimentary, obsequious.

Abut. Be adjacent, extend, impinge, project, approximate, be contiguous, adjoin; end, border.

Ant. Diverge, recede, return, retreat, recurve.

Abutment. Terminal support, buttress.

Abuttal. Adjacency, contiguity, nearness, juxtaposition; boundary, terminus, limit, termination.

Ant. Interval, separation, gap, chasm, interspace, fissure, breach.

Abyss. Gulf, gorge, deep, chasm, profound, abysm; the pit.

Ant. Surface, abutment, adhesion, contact, contiguity; heaven.

Academical. Scholastic, learned, literary, collegiate, classical.

8Ant. Illiterate, ignorant, unschooled.

Academy. School, seminary, institute, college, gymnasium, high school; scientific body, association of artists.

Accede. Consent, assent, acquiesce, comply, agree, accept, concur, approve, coincide.

Ant. Decline, withdraw, refuse, demur, protest, dissent, reject.

Accelerate. Hasten, quicken, speed, precipitate, despatch, expedite, hurry, urge, push forward, press on; forward, advance, further.

Ant. Delay, impede, clog, hinder, retard, drag, obstruct.

Accent, n. Stress, beat, emphasis, rhythm, pulsation, intonation, cadence, tone, modulation, ictus.

Ant. Monotony, equableness, babble, flow, smoothness.

Accentuate, Accent, v. Lay stress upon, put the ictus on; emphasize, mark, make prominent.

Ant. Make light of, make insignificant, underestimate, ignore.

Accept. Take, receive; admit, agree to, approve, acknowledge, avow; estimate, regard, value, construe.

Ant. Refuse, decline, reject, ignore, disown, repudiate.

Acceptable. Welcome, pleasing, grateful, gratifying, pleasant, agreeable, pleasurable, seasonable, desirable, expedient.

Ant. Unpleasant, disagreeable, annoying, grievous, ungrateful, unwelcome.

Acceptance. Reception, taking; acknowledgment, approbation, approval, satisfaction, gratification.

Ant. Rejection, refusal, repudiation, exclusion.

Acceptation. Meaning, significance, sense, import, interpretation, construction, understanding; approval, adoption, acceptance.

Access. Entrance, approach, passage, avenue, entry; admission, admittance, audience, interview; addition, increase, gain; accession; attack, onset, fit, paroxysm.

Ant. Exit, egress, departure; exclusion; repulse, recoil; retirement, retreat; quiescence, inertia, languor, torpor.

Accessary, see Accessory.

Accessible. Easy of access, approachable, affable, conversible.

Ant. Distant, cold, unapproachable, difficult.

Accession. Addition, increase, enlargement, extension, augmentation; arrival, influx; attainment (of power).

Ant. Abandonment, decrease, ebb, drain, subsidence, departure, resignation, diminution.

Accessory, n. Confederate, assistant, helper, associate, accomplice; detail, accompaniment, subordinate element; companion, partner.

Ant. Foe, rival, adversary, antagonist, opponent, enemy; principal, instigator.

Accessory, a. Assisting, aiding, abetting, helping, acceding, additional; supplemental, subservient, subsidiary, subordinate, conducive; accompanying, contributory, auxiliary.

Ant. Essential, inherent; superfluous, irrelevant.

Accident. Chance, disaster, happening, hazard, incident, misfortune, calamity, adventure, casualty, mishap, possibility.

Ant. Certainty, provision, plan, intention, appointment, 9calculation, law, necessity, purpose, preparation.

Accidental. Casual, unintended, fortuitous, chance; incidental, immaterial, non-essential; occasional, contingent, adventitious.

Ant. Intended, purposed, prepared, appointed, certain.

Acclamation. Applause, cheer, outcry, homage, gratulation, salutation.

Ant. Censure, execration, denunciation, obloquy, sibilation.

Acclivity. Rise, incline, ascent, steep, hill, height.

Ant. Decline, declivity, hollow, descent, depth.

Accommodate. Oblige, serve, furnish, supply, contain, hold, convenience; adapt, reconcile, adjust, harmonize, suit, conform, arrange.

Ant. Deprive, aggravate, inconvenience, disturb, disoblige; misfit, incommode.

Accommodating. Kind, obliging, considerate, unselfish, polite, yielding, conciliatory.

Ant. Rude, churlish, disobliging, inconsiderate, exacting.

Accompany. Follow, attend, consort with, go with, escort, convoy.

Ant. Abandon, leave, quit, avoid, discard, desert.

Accomplice. Confederate, accessory, abettor, associate, ally, aid, assistant, promoter, coadjutor.

Ant. Rival, enemy, foe, adversary.

Accomplish. Complete, finish, achieve, effect, perform, carry out, attain, realize, consummate, execute, perfect, fulfil, do; equip, furnish.

Ant. Fail, mar, spoil, frustrate, defeat, disconcert, destroy.

Accomplished. Educated, experienced, practiced, finished, versed, consummate, adroit, expert, apt, skilful, talented, fine, qualified, proficient, polite, elegant; completed, effected, established.

Ant. Unskilled, unfettered, ignorant, unpolished, uncouth, inefficient, incapable, inexpert, incompetent.

Accomplishment. Execution, achievement, performance, completion; acquirement, attainment, proficiency, ornament, grace.

Ant. Failure, blunder, folly, stupidity, incompetency, mismanagement, bungling.

Accord. Agree, correspond, harmonize; grant, concede, give, yield, deign, vouchsafe, consent, answer.

Ant. Differ, disagree; withhold, deny, refuse.

Accordant. Agreeable, suitable, consonant, harmonious, congruous, agreeing, corresponding, conformable.

Ant. Adverse, inconsistent, discordant.

Accordingly. Suitably, conformably, agreeably; consequently, therefore, hence, wherefore.

Ant. Conversely, inconsistently, impertinently.

Accost. Approach, address, salute, greet, confront, speak to.

Ant. Depart, rebuff, check, repulse, shun, elude, pass, ignore.

Account, n. Record, register, inventory; bill, charge; count, calculation, enumeration; statement, description, narration, relation, narrative, recital, chronicle, history; explanation, exposition; 10consideration, regard, motive, reason; importance, worth, dignity, profit, advantage, benefit.

Ant. Suppression, silence; attempt, project; misannouncement.

Account, v. Esteem, regard, deem, judge, think, hold, believe, consider, view; estimate, reckon, rate; explain, solve.

Ant. Underrate, undervalue; disesteem, misestimate; mystify, perplex, darken.

Accountable. Responsible, punishable, answerable, liable, amenable; accredited, delegated.

Ant. Independent, absolute, supreme, despotic, autocratic.

Accouter. Equip, furnish, dress, fit out, arm, array.

Ant. Despoil, impoverish, denude, strip, bare.

Accredit. Credit, authorize, trust, empower, commission, depute.

Ant. Recall, supersede, dismiss, discard; disbelieve, distrust, suspect.

Accredited. Authorized, commissioned, sanctioned; confidential, trusted, believed.

Ant. Unauthorized, distrusted, discredited.

Accretion. Growth, accumulation, adhesion, coherence, increase.

Ant. Abrasion, disintegration, diminution.

Accrue. Result, arise, issue, ensue, follow, proceed, come, increase, augment.

Ant. Cause, occasion; reduce, weaken, abate.

Accumulate. Pile, collect, gather up, bring together; store, amass, garner, treasure, husband, lay by, hoard; aggregate.

Ant. Separate, dissipate, disperse, scatter, waste, expend.

Accumulation. Collection, heap, mass, accretion, hoard, store.

Ant. Separation, segregation; unit, individual; prodigality, leakage, expenditure.

Accuracy. Exactness, precision, nicety, truth, carefulness, correctness, exactitude, fidelity.

Ant. Looseness, slovenliness, incorrectness, error, fallacy, misconception, misstatement.

Accurate. Careful, exact, faithful, precise, truthful, correct, rigorous, close, severe, just, unerring.

Ant. Inexact, faulty, inaccurate, defective, loose, careless.

Accusation. Charge, indictment, arraignment, impeachment, imputation, crimination, censure.

Ant. Discharge, acquittal, vindication, absolution, approval.

Accuse. Charge, indict, arraign, incriminate, impeach, cite, summon, tax, censure, taunt, blame, reproach.

Ant. Discharge, acquit, defend, vindicate, exonerate, pardon, absolve, condone, release.

Accustom. Habituate, use, be wonted, harden, familiarize, train, addict, drill, break in, discipline.

Ant. Estrange, wean, alienate, dishabituate.

Acerbity. Sourness, acidity, tartness, bitterness, roughness, harshness, acrimony.

Ant. Sweetness, mildness, softness, gentleness, smoothness.

Ache, n. Pain, dull or continued pain, anguish, suffering, agony.

Ant. Pleasure, relief, ease, refreshment, delight.

11Achieve. Accomplish, perform, complete, finish, realize, bring to pass, work out, conclude; obtain, acquire, gain, win, get.

Ant. Neglect, undo, mar, omit; fail of, lose.

Achievement. Accomplishment, performance, attainment, completion, consummation; exploit, deed, feat.

Ant. Forfeit, failure, negligence, frustration, blunder.

Acknowledge. Recognize, be aware of; admit, concede, allow, accept; confess, avow; express thanks for; own or profess.

Ant. Disclaim, disown, deny, repudiate, ignore, disavow.

Acme. Summit, zenith, climax, top, apex, vertex, pinnacle, culmination.

Ant. Base, nadir, depth, ground, foundation, foot, root.

Acquaintance. Association, familiarity; friend; intimacy, companionship, experience, knowledge, friendship, fellowship.

Ant. Ignorance, inexperience, unfamiliarity, ignoring.

Acquiesce. Assent, concur, yield, comply, submit, agree, consent.

Ant. Object, demur, dissent.

Acquire. Gain, earn, win, reap, obtain, attain, achieve, get, secure; master, learn thoroughly.

Ant. Lose, surrender, miss, forego, forfeit.

Acquit. Discharge, exonerate, release, absolve, excuse, pardon, exculpate.

Ant. Charge, condemn, sentence, compel, indict, imprison.

Acquittal. Discharge, release, deliverance, liberation, absolution.

Ant. Judgment, punishment, penalty, trial, retribution, correction, castigation.

Acrimony. Bitterness, sharpness, sourness, tartness, severity, asperity, hardness, rancor, ill-temper, spite, unkindness.

Ant. Gentleness, good nature, kindness, sweetness, courtesy.

Act, n. Deed, performance, exploit, accomplishment, achievement, effect, movement, transaction, work.

Ant. Cessation, inertia, quiescence, inaction, rest, repose, quiet, deliberation.

Act, v. Work, do, perform, execute; behave; play, feign, pretend, dissemble; operate, have effect; be, realize, actualize.

Ant. Rest, cease, stop, stay; neglect, omit, mar, undo; expose, reveal, vaunt; be quiescent or latent; fancy; endure, suffer.

Action. Exercise, motion, movement, deed, performance; agency, force, operation; battle, conflict; gesture; representation, play; subject, plot; lawsuit, case.

Ant. Inertia, torpor, languor; quiescence, rest, passiveness; harmony, truce, peace.

Active. Agile, brisk, alert, lively, quick, prompt, ready, spry; industrious, energetic, busy, diligent.

Ant. Dull, idle, indolent, lazy, quiet, slow, stupid.

Actual. Real, true, genuine, certain, absolute, positive, veritable, substantial; present, sensible, perceptible.

Ant. Possible, fictitious, supposititious, virtual, theoretical, hypothetical, conjectural.

Acumen. Discernment, penetration, keenness, shrewdness, insight, sharpness, sagacity, acuteness.

12Ant. Dulness, obtuseness, stupidity, bluntness.

Acute. Sharp, pointed, keen, shrewd; violent, intense; high, sudden, severe, distressing; subtile, ingenious, sagacious, discerning.

Ant. Dull, blunt, obtuse, stupid, heavy; chronic; stolid.

Adaptation. Adjustment, fitness, conformity, suitableness, aptness, harmony.

Ant. Incompatibility, incongruity, misfit, discord.

Add. Sum up, increase, adjoin, append, attach, augment, enlarge, amplify, annex, affix.

Ant. Deduct, subtract, lessen, reduce, remove, diminish.

Addicted. Habituated, disposed to, inclined, prone, attached to, devoted, given over to, wedded to.

Ant. Averse, disinclined, unaccustomed, indisposed, divorced from.

Addition. Accession, enlargement, increase, extension, accretion, augmentation, adjunct.

Ant. Subtraction, decrease, diminution.

Address, n. Courtesy, manners, politeness, tact, ingenuity, dexterity, discretion, adroitness; discourse, harangue, oration, lecture, speech, appeal, request, suit, solicitation.

Ant. Clumsiness, rudeness, stupidity, unmannerliness, folly; refusal.

Address, v. Accost, approach, court, greet, hail, salute, speak to.

Ant. Avoid, elude, ignore, shun, cut, pass, overlook.

Adduce. Offer, present, advance; cite, quote, introduce, name, mention; allege.

Ant. Withdraw, except, deduct, suppress, retract.

Adept. Expert, master, proficient, genius, veteran, professor.

Ant. Novice, tyro, blunderer, inexpert.

Adequate. Equal, competent, fitted, qualified, suitable, sufficient, capable, adapted, satisfactory; proportionate, commensurate.

Ant. Inferior, poor, useless, worthless, unfit, incompetent.

Adhere. Stick, cling, cohere, hold, cleave; belong, pertain; be attached, fixed, or devoted.

Ant. Part, separate, sunder, sever, give way.

Adherence. Tenacity, attachment, constancy, fidelity, devotion, partisanship; adhesion.

Ant. Desertion, separation, disunion, unfaithfulness.

Adjacent. Near, close, bordering, adjoining, contiguous, beside.

Ant. Separate, distant, remote, detached, disconnected.

Adjourn. Postpone, delay, defer; suspend, interrupt, close, end, dissolve.

Ant. Despatch, hasten, conclude, complete, terminate, consummate.

Adjunct. Addition, appendage, accessory, aid, advantage, help; colleague, associate.

Ant. Detriment, impediment, hindrance, obstruction, detraction.

Adjure. Entreat, beseech, pray, supplicate, implore, beg; swear by.

Ant. Defy, deprecate, remonstrate, dare, expostulate, warn.

Adjustment. Arrangement, disposal; settlement, agreement, understanding; fitting, adaptation, conformity; regulation, rectification, accommodation.

Ant. Disturbance, disorder, 13confusion; dissension, divergence; non-conformity.

Administer. Dispense, distribute, supply; direct, manage, control, superintend; offer, proffer, tender.

Ant. Withhold, refuse, retain; betray, mismanage; repulse, rebuff.

Admiration. Wonder, approval, love, surprise, astonishment, appreciation, reverence, high regard.

Ant. Disapproval, contempt, dislike.

Admire. Honor, esteem, approve, adore, wonder at, venerate, extol, marvel at, applaud, revere, respect.

Ant. Despise, dislike, execrate, hate, abhor, scorn, detest.

Admissible. Allowable, lawful, permissible, possible, probable.

Ant. Absurd, preposterous, improper, wrong, unlawful.

Admission. Admittance, entrance, access; avowal, acknowledgment, concession, concurrence, allowance.

Ant. Denial, contradiction, rejection, negation.

Admit. Receive; accept, acknowledge, own, confess; permit, allow, suffer.

Ant. Exclude, debar; disown, deny; dismiss, reject, repudiate.

Admonish. Advise, warn, caution, counsel, censure, rebuke, reprove; forewarn, remind, dissuade; instruct, teach, apprise, acquaint.

Ant. Encourage, urge, countenance, applaud, abet, instigate.

Admonition. Caution, warning, advice, counsel, instruction, reminder, hint, reproof, reprehension.

Ant. Applause, encouragement, incitement, urging, instigation.

Ado. Trouble, toil, labor, pains; bustle, stir, fuss, noise, turmoil.

Ant. Quiet, calm, composure, tranquillity.

Adopt. Appropriate, assume; approve, accept, support, maintain; affiliate, father.

Ant. Reject, discard; renounce, abandon, disclaim; disown, repudiate.

Adoration. Worship, devotion, homage, reverence, veneration, idolatry.

Ant. Execration, disesteem, abomination, abhorrence, hatred, detestation.

Adorn. Beautify, decorate, embellish, ornament, garnish, illustrate, gild, bedeck, grace, dignify, honor, exalt.

Ant. Mar, spoil, deface, disfigure, deform, denude, strip.

Adroit. Dexterous, expert, skilful, apt, handy, quick, clever, ready, deft, ingenious, cunning.

Ant. Clumsy, unskilful, awkward, bungling, unhandy, maladroit.

Adulation. Flattery, extravagant compliment, fulsome praise, fawning, sycophancy, blandishment, obsequiousness.

Ant. Defamation, obloquy, ridicule, satire, sarcasm, detraction, aspersion, libel.

Adumbrate. Shadow, outline, indicate, hint, trace, delineate; typify, represent, symbolize; darken, obscure, hide, conceal.

Ant. Fulfil, realize, embody; misrepresent; reveal, illumine.

Advance, n. Progress, improvement, growth; offer, proposal, overture, tender, proposition; rise, appreciation.

14Ant. Regress, return, retrogression; diminution; depreciation.

Advance, v. Push or send forward, propel; promote, elevate, dignify, exalt; improve, strengthen, benefit; propose, offer; furnish, lend, loan; increase, augment, raise; proceed, progress; thrive, prosper; accelerate.

Ant. Retard, hinder, withhold, withdraw; suppress, degrade, depress; oppose, recall, weaken, retreat; lessen, diminish.

Advantage. Benefit, profit, expediency, favorable opportunity, blessing; behalf, account, interest; privilege, convenience, assistance, utility, service.

Ant. Loss, disappointment, frustration, difficulty, dilemma.

Advent. Approach, coming, arrival, accession.

Ant. Departure, exit, exodus, retirement.

Adventitious. Accidental, incidental, extrinsic, non-essential, foreign, casual; redundant, superfluous.

Ant. Intrinsic, pertinent, regular, proper, necessary, appropriate.

Adventure. Chance, hazard, risk, venture, experiment, trial; event, incident, occurrence, contingency, crisis.

Ant. Matter-of-fact, matter-of-course; prospect; monotony, routine.

Adventurous. Bold, daring, venturesome, rash, reckless, headlong; dangerous, perilous, uncertain; fearless, enterprising.

Ant. Timid, nervous, hesitating, cautious, cowardly.

Adversary. Foe, enemy, antagonist, opponent, rival, assailant.

Ant. Ally, helper, assistant, accomplice, aider, abettor, accessory.

Adverse. Opposite, contrary, conflicting; hostile, injurious, harmful; unlucky, unfortunate, disastrous.

Ant. Favorable, friendly, propitious, fortunate, lucky.

Adversity. Calamity, affliction, trouble, disaster, woe, distress, suffering.

Ant. Success, prosperity, advancement, good luck.

Advert to. Consider, notice, remark, heed, attend, refer, allude, mention, touch upon; regard.

Ant. Ignore, pass, drop, overlook, omit.

Advertent. Mindful, regardful, attentive, watchful, observant, thoughtful, considerate, heedful.

Ant. Thoughtless, heedless, inconsiderate, inattentive.

Advertise. Announce, publish, proclaim, declare, circulate, noise abroad; offer for sale; inform, notify, apprise; promulgate.

Ant. Suppress, ignore, hush, conceal; mislead, misinform.

Advice. Counsel, suggestion, admonition, instruction, caution; tidings, intelligence, notice; deliberation, care, forethought; recommendation, exhortation, information.

Ant. Remonstrance, restraint, expostulation, prohibition; deception, delusion.

Advisable. Judicious, expedient, politic, prudent, desirable, beneficial, profitable; proper, fitting.

Ant. Imprudent, undesirable, inexpedient, improper, detrimental.

Advocate. Counsel, lawyer, attorney; 15defender, promoter, friend, patron, supporter, pleader, maintainer.

Ant. Accuser, impugner, gainsayer, adversary, opponent.

Affable. Open, free, frank, unreserved; accessible, familiar; cordial, social, courteous, polite, obliging, urbane, benign, gracious, mild, well-bred; condescending.

Ant. Distant, unapproachable, inaccessible, haughty, contemptuous, supercilious.

Affair. Business, concern, function, matter, circumstance, question, subject; event, incident, occurrence, performance; battle, combat, engagement, skirmish, collision, brush, encounter.

Ant. Detail, item, feature, point.

Affect. Influence, change, transform, modify, alter; concern, interest, touch, move, impress; crave, yearn, desire, like; assume, adopt, feign, pretend; operate, act on; melt, soften, subdue, overcome.

Ant. Shun, repel, repudiate, spurn, dislike, eschew.

Affectation. Airs, mannerism, pretension, pretense, foppery, display.

Ant. Simplicity, artlessness, naturalness, genuineness.

Affection. Feeling, passion, attachment, fondness, tenderness, love; propensity, disposition; endearment, devotion, partiality; attribute, quality, characteristic, mark.

Ant. Indifference, repulsion, disaffection, repugnance.

Affiance. Trust, confidence, homage, reliance, betrothal, fealty, faith, plighting.

Ant. Disloyalty, distrust, treason, suspicion, infidelity.

Affiliate. Associate, adopt, join, connect, incorporate, annex.

Ant. Sever, transplant, separate, disjoin, dissociate.

Affinity. Relationship, kin, consanguinity, propinquity; likeness, resemblance, relation, analogy, connection, correspondence; sympathy, attraction.

Ant. Repugnance, discordance, antipathy, antagonism.

Affirm. Assert, swear, state, declare, maintain, allege, protest, confirm, ratify, approve, endorse, aver, asseverate, assure, avouch, establish.

Ant. Deny, doubt, demur, contradict, negative, gainsay, impugn, oppose, dispute.

Affirmation. Avowal, declaration, statement, assertion, testimony, deposition, confirmation, ratification, approval, endorsement.

Ant. Doubt, denial, contradiction, disputation, disapproval.

Affix. Join, annex, attach, fasten, connect to, unite to, append.

Ant. Remove, detach, separate, unfasten.

Affliction. Adversity, misfortune, grief, sorrow, distress, tribulation, disaster, trial, misery, calamity, pain, anguish, trouble, hardship.

Ant. Consolation, relief, blessing, gratification, pleasure.

Affluence. Wealth, fortune, riches, opulence, abundance, plenty, profusion.

Ant. Want, scarcity, poverty, penury, lack, indigence.

Afford. Supply, furnish, contribute, bestow, offer, confer, bear, endure, support, yield, impart, administer.

Ant. Withhold, deny, retain, stint, grudge, withdraw.

16Affray. Quarrel, tussle, scuffle, scrimmage, collision, brawl, disturbance, fight, rumpus, struggle, contest, strife, encounter, feud, tumult.

Ant. Peace, amity, friendship, good will.

Affront. Outrage, insult, abuse, annoyance, displeasure, offense, provocation, wrong, vexation, wound, exasperation, irritation.

Ant. Courtesy, homage, amends, compliment, apology.

Afire. Ablaze, burning, ignited, aflame.

Ant. Out, quenched, extinguished.

Afloat. Adrift, at sea, abroad, loose; happening, betiding, brewing.

Ant. Moored, anchored, aground, stranded, fixed, steadfast, firm.

Afoot. Afloat, preparing, forthcoming, ready, brewing, on hand, astir.

Ant. Unprepared, unprovided for, inactive, sluggish, latent.

Aforesaid. Above-mentioned, foregoing, preceding, abovenamed.

Ant. Following, subsequent, subjoined, forthcoming, after-cited.

Afraid. Fearful, timid, apprehensive, anxious, alarmed, terrified, frightened.

Ant. Fearless, bold, confident, reckless, venturesome, indifferent, secure, hopeful, audacious.

Afresh. Anew, again, newly, frequently, repeatedly, once more.

Ant. Uniformly, connectedly, continuously.

After. Subsequent, later; following, behind, rear, back, posterior; concerning, about, for, in relation to; in imitation of, in the pattern of.

Ant. Before, preceding, introducing; in front of; opposite; facing; previous or prior to, afore; in advance; previously, already.

Again. Anew, afresh, repeatedly; further, moreover, besides; on the contrary; back, in answer or restitution, in return; once more.

Ant. Once, continuously, uninterruptedly, uniformly.

Against. Opposite, across, adverse to, counter to, athwart; facing, fronting, close up to, in contact with; for, in preparation for, in expectation of; in compensation for, in requital of, to match.

Ant. With, for, beside, accompanying, aiding, promoting.

Agape. Yawning, open-mouthed; wondering, gazing, dazed, amazed; curious, inquisitive, agog, astare, eager.

Ant. Listless, lukewarm, incurious, indifferent.

Age. Duration; period, date, epoch, time; maturity, generation; era, century.

Ant. Infancy, youth, boyhood, childhood; moment, instant.

Agent. Actor, doer, operator, promoter, performer; cause, force, power; deputy, factor, attorney, representative, substitute; means, instrument.

Ant. Counteragent, counteractor, opponent, neutralizer; chief, principal; originator, inventor.

Agglomeration. Accumulation, heap, pile, mass, conglomeration, cluster.

Ant. Dispersion, division, separation, sifting, dissipation.

Aggrandize. Exalt, honor, elevate, 17dignify, promote, advance, enrich, augment.

Ant. Degrade, impoverish, debase, humiliate, dishonor, lower.

Aggravate. Exasperate, provoke, wound, make worse, intensify, embitter, heighten.

Ant. Soothe, assuage, palliate, diminish, conciliate, alleviate.

Aggregation. Collection, accumulation, mass, heap, pile, amount, total, sum, result, whole, agglomeration.

Ant. Dispersion, dissipation, separation, division; unit; element, individual, ingredient, item.

Aggression. Attack, invasion, encroachment, assault, injury, offense, onslaught, provocation, intrusion.

Ant. Retaliation, repulsion, retreat, resistance, evacuation.

Aghast. Dismayed, horrified, terrified, frightened; amazed, astounded, startled, astonished, dumfounded.

Ant. Cool, fearless, indifferent, unmoved, unaffected, unexcited.

Agile. Nimble, active, lively, smart, prompt, alert, supple, brisk, quick, ready, sprightly, spry.

Ant. Slow, heavy, clumsy, bulky, awkward, inert, ponderous.

Agitate. Disturb, trouble, shake, jar, convulse; excite, rouse, ferment; fluster, hurry, disconcert; discuss, controvert, debate, examine, ventilate, investigate; deliberate, contrive, devise, plan.

Ant. Calm, allay, pacify, smooth, compose, quiet; solve, determine, settle.

Ago. Past, gone, since.

Ant. Future, coming, hereafter, hence.

Agony. Anguish, torture, torment, distress, throe, pangs, pain, suffering, woe, excruciation.

Ant. Assuagement, comfort, relief, composure, ease, enjoyment.

Agree. Accept, assent, approve, comply, consent, concur, admit, accede.

Ant. Contend, disagree, deny; dissent, dispute, protest, oppose, demur, differ; decline.

Agreeable. Suitable, proper, appropriate, befitting, accordant, conformable, consonant, welcome, amiable, pleasing, gratifying.

Ant. Unpleasant, disobliging, obnoxious, disagreeable, unwelcome, offensive, inharmonious, unaccommodating.

Agreement. Contract, compact, bond, bargain, covenant, harmony, liaison, obligation, undertaking, treaty.

Ant. Promise, understanding, parole; discord, dissension.

Agriculture. Farming, husbandry, cultivation of the soil, tillage.

Ant. Fallowness, sterility, unproductiveness, waste.

Aground. Ashore, stranded, not afloat; exhausted in resources.

Ant. Afloat, loose, abroad, adrift; flush.

Ahead. In front, forward, onward, in advance.

Ant. Abaft, astern, back, behind, aft.

Aid. Help, support, assist, serve, befriend, minister to, relieve, succor; supply, give alms to; foster, protect, encourage, favor.

Ant. Oppose, discourage, thwart, baffle, deter, confront.

18Ailing. Sick, ill, indisposed, unwell, feeble, infirm, weakly, delicate, unhealthy, pining.

Ant. Well, healthy, energetic, strong, vigorous.

Ailment. Disease, malady, indisposition, distemper, complaint.

Ant. Health, sanity, convalescence, vigor, recovery.

Aim. Direction, course, tendency, bent, proclivity, bearing; intention, purpose, design, scheme; reason; view, scope, drift, mark, goal, point; endeavor, attempt, aspiration, determination.

Ant. Deviation, divergence, deflection, digression, aberration; tangent; venture, leap, fluke, chance, hazard, speculation; neglect, avoidance, carelessness, oversight.

Air. Atmosphere, gas; breeze, vapor, zephyr, wind; weather; appearance, aspect, manner, sort, style, way, behavior, carriage, bearing, expression, look, demeanor, mien, fashion; tune.

Airy. Aërial, thin, rare, ethereal; light, subtle, sublimated; sprightly, buoyant, vivacious, volatile, jolly, jovial, light-hearted; graceful, lithe, pliant, flexible, showy, jaunty, flaunting, garish; windy, empty.

Ant. Thick, ponderous, heavy, inert, clumsy, dull, sluggish, wooden, slow, cheerless, sullen, doleful, leaden, lugubrious.

Akin. Related, allied, homogeneous, cognate, similar, congenial, sympathetic.

Ant. Foreign, alien, hostile, heterogeneous, dissimilar.

Alacrity. Readiness, briskness, activity, quickness, willingness, promptness, compliance, cheerfulness, eagerness, gaiety, agility.

Ant. Slowness, reluctance, repugnance, aversion, refusal, shrinking, recoil, disinclination.

Alarm. Summons, tocsin, distress signal, war-cry; fear, terror, apprehension, consternation, dismay, dread, affright.

Ant. Lullaby; confidence, quiet, composure, assurance, courage.

Alert. Lively, prompt, ready, prepared, vigilant, wide-awake, bustling, active, brisk, nimble, watchful, sprightly, agile.

Ant. Slow, lazy, absent, oblivious, sluggish, dilatory, drowsy.

Alien, n. Foreigner, stranger.

Ant. Citizen, countryman, native, naturalized person.

Alien, a. Strange, foreign, hostile, remote, distant, contrasted, contrary, unlike, unconnected.

Ant. Pertinent, essential; domesticated, naturalized; germane, akin, appropriate.

Alienation. Estrangement, transfer, conveyance, disaffection, variance, rupture, breach; (relating to the mind) insanity, aberration, delusion, lunacy, delirium, mania, imbecility.

Ant. Confederacy, coalition, alliance, league, union; sanity, soundness, sobriety, rationality.

Alight. Perch, settle, drop, lodge; dismount, descend.

Ant. Soar, spring, ascend, start, mount.

Alike. Similar, kindred, same, resembling, equivalent, homogeneous, identical, analogous, uniform, akin, allied.

Ant. Different, unequal, dissimilar, unlike, heterogeneous, distinct, various.

Aliment. Food, nourishment, subsistence, fare, diet, regimen, nutriment, viands, meat, sustenance.

Ant. Poison, bane; starvation, 19exhaustion; venom, scourge.

Alive. Living, quick, subsisting, animate, alert, active, breathing; sensitive, susceptible; operative; cheerful, joyous; brisk.

Ant. Dead, defunct, lifeless, deceased; inanimate, dull; departed, cold; dispirited.

All, n. Whole, totality.

Ant. Part, piece, share, portion.

All, a. Whole, entire, complete, total; each, every.

Ant. Some, part.

Allay. Repress, restrain, check, subdue, silence, still, hush, soothe, compose, calm, appease, lull, alleviate, mitigate, solace, abate, relieve, palliate.

Ant. Aggravate, arouse, excite, stir, kindle, fan, provoke.

Allege. Declare, affirm, claim, maintain, state, asseverate; advance, aver, introduce; profess, cite.

Ant. Contradict, gainsay, refute, deny, disprove, quash.

Allegiance. Fealty, loyalty, devotion, homage, faithfulness, obedience.

Ant. Treason, rebellion, sedition, disloyalty, disaffection.

Allegory. Parable, fable, myth, story, tale, apologue, metaphor, illustration, simile.

Ant. History, fact, narrative, chronicle, record.

Alleviate. Abate, mitigate, reduce, relieve, lessen, assuage, remove, soften, moderate, lighten.

Ant. Augment, increase, heighten, intensify, magnify, aggravate, enhance, embitter.

Alliance. Connection, relationship, affinity; confederacy, league, union, treaty, co-partnership, coalition; affiliation, similarity.

Ant. Separation, estrangement, divorce; antagonism, disruption, enmity, hostility, schism, secession.

Allot. Divide, apportion, distribute, deal out, dispense; assign, grant, give, appoint, destine.

Ant. Refuse, retain, misdeal, deny, confiscate, appropriate, seize, withhold.

Allow. Grant, own, confess, admit; permit, let, authorize; suffer, tolerate, endure; yield, give, grant; approve, sanction, abate, remit.

Ant. Protest, refuse, deny, disapprove, forbid, disallow, reject, withstand, resist.

Allowance. Leave, permission, sanction, approval; admission, acknowledgment, assent; commission; qualification, exception; ration.

Ant. Refusal, disapproval, denial; ratification, confirmation.

Alloy, n. Admixture, adulteration, deterioration, debasement, disparagement, drawback.

Ant. Genuineness, enhancement, purity, integrity.

Allude. Intimate, insinuate, point, refer, suggest, signify, hint, imply, indicate, mention.

Ant. Demonstrate, specify, declare.

Allure. Decoy, entice, coax, attract, tempt, inveigle, seduce.

Ant. Dissuade, repel, warn, chill, damp, drive away, deter, alarm, terrify.

Allusion. Hint, suggestion, intimation, reference, implication, innuendo.

Ant. Mention, demonstration, specification.

Ally, n. Assistant, helper, aider, friend, associate, colleague, partner, accessory, accomplice.

20Ant. Opponent, adversary, foe, enemy, antagonist.

Aloft. Above, skyward, heavenward, overhead, in the air.

Ant. Beneath, earthward, below.

Alone. Solitary, sole, single, isolated.

Ant. Accompanied, associated.

Along. Lengthwise, onward, forward; together, beside, simultaneously.

Ant. Across, sidewise or sideways, lateral; apart, tandem.

Aloof. Apart, distant, away, off.

Ant. Close, near, together, unitedly.

Aloud. Distinctly, audibly, vociferously, clamorously, sonorously.

Ant. Softly, silently, inaudibly.

Also. As well, likewise, too, similarly, withal, besides, in addition, in like manner.

Ant. Nevertheless, notwithstanding, on the contrary, but, yet, in spite of, on the other hand.

Alter. Change, turn, vary, modify, shift, substitute, remodel, transform, convert.

Ant. Conserve, perpetuate, preserve, arrest, solidify, retain.

Alteration. Change, variation, modification, shifting, mutation.

Ant. Changelessness, identity, fixity, permanence.

Altercation. Dispute, contention, controversy, difference, quarrel, wrangle, dissension.

Ant. Concord, agreement, compromise, reconciliation, unanimity, harmony, consonance.

Alternate. Reciprocal, every other one, one after another, in turn, interchangeable, mutual.

Ant. Continuous, successive, consequent, proximate, sequent.

Alternative. Choice, option, preference, election, pick, resource.

Ant. Compulsion, quandary, necessity; fixity, changelessness.

Although. Albeit, even if, supposing, grant that.

Ant. Yet, notwithstanding.

Altitude. Height, elevation, loftiness, ascent, eminence.

Ant. Depth, declivity, descent, abasement.

Altogether. Collectively, conjointly, wholly, quite, completely, totally, utterly, entirely, thoroughly, fully, in the mass.

Ant. Partially, piecemeal, by instalments, partly, incompletely, by halves, wanting; individually, separately.

Altruism. Philanthropy, unselfishness, public spirit, devotion to others, self-sacrifice, self-forgetfulness, generosity.

Ant. Selfishness, self-indulgence, worldliness, meanness; egoism.

Always. Ever, forever, eternally, for aye, evermore, everlastingly, perpetually; uniformly, invariably, generally, habitually.

Ant. Now, momently, instantly, suddenly; sometimes, occasionally.

Amalgamate. Mix, commingle, unite, combine, blend, compound, incorporate, join, fuse, consolidate.

Ant. Disintegrate, decompose, disperse, separate, dissipate, analyze.

Amaranthine. Of the amaranth; fadeless, imperishable, undying, 21immortal, perennial; purplish, amethystine.

Ant. Ephemeral, perishable, mortal, fading.

Amass. Accumulate, heap up, collect, gather, hoard, store up.

Ant. Disperse, divide, scatter, spend, squander, waste, dissipate; portion, distribute, parcel.

Amateur. Lover, votary, devotee; beginner, neophyte, novice, tyro, dilettante.

Amazement. Astonishment, bewilderment, wonder, marvel, stupefaction, confusion, perplexity, awe.

Ant. Anticipation, calmness, coolness, familiarity, preparation, stoicism, self-possession, steadiness, composure.

Amazing. Astonishing, astounding, wonderful, surprising, marvelous, prodigious, strange, miraculous, stupendous, extraordinary.

Ant. Common, familiar, trivial, commonplace, frequent, hackneyed, usual, customary.

Ambagious. Winding, devious, sinuous; tortuous, indirect, evasive, circuitous; diffuse, dull, tedious; dubious, enigmatical, vague.

Ant. Direct, straight, frank, open, simple, straightforward, plain, clear, lucid, unmistakable.

Ambassador. Minister, envoy, legate, deputy, plenipotentiary.

Ambient. Surrounding, encompassing, enfolding, circling, investing.

Ant. Penetrating, infiltrating, permeating, intervening.

Ambiguous. Doubtful, dubious, uncertain, indefinite, vague, obscure, indistinct, equivocal, enigmatical.

Ant. Obvious, plain, clear, lucid, unmistakable.

Ambition. Emulation, rivalry, aspiration, competition, opposition.

Ant. Contentment, moderation, indifference, satisfaction.

Amelioration. Amendment, improvement, promotion, bettering, elevation.

Ant. Degeneration, deterioration, injury, detriment.

Amenable. Liable, responsible, answerable, accountable; open, impressible, pliant, docile.

Ant. Obstinate, irresponsible, independent, autocratic.

Amend. Improve, mend, repair, ameliorate, reform, correct, rectify.

Ant. Harm, corrupt, spoil, debase, aggravate.

Amends. Compensation, atonement, expiation, recompense, indemnity.

Ant. Insult, injury, fault, offense.

Amenity. Softness, mildness, suavity, gentleness, refinement, amiability.

Ant. Austerity, ungraciousness, discourtesy, moroseness.

Amiable. Agreeable, gentle, good-natured, pleasing, winsome, attractive, charming, lovable.

Ant. Crusty, hateful, sullen, surly, crabbed, cruel, unlovely, gruff, disagreeable, ill-tempered.

Amicable. Cordial, kind, friendly, harmonious, peaceable, propitious, favorable, sociable, amiable.

Ant. Unkind, cold, distant, hostile, adverse, unfriendly.

Amid. Among, between, in the midst of, betwixt, surrounded by.

Ant. Outside, without, beyond, afar from, away from.

22Amiss. Wrong, improper, faulty, incorrect, inaccurate, inopportune.

Ant. Correct, right, faultless, perfect, effective, true.

Amount, n. Sum, total, aggregate, whole; effect, substance, purport.

Ant. Portion, instalment, part; failure, deficiency.

Ample. Liberal, large, spacious, plentiful, copious, lavish, exuberant, bountiful, generous.

Ant. Niggardly, stingy, scant, mean, narrow, insufficient.

Amplify. Augment, enlarge, expand, expatiate, increase, develop, widen, dilate, extend.

Ant. Abbreviate, condense, reduce, abridge, amputate, epitomize, summarize.

Amusement. Diversion, sport, play, fun, entertainment, merriment, pastime, game, frolic, relaxation.

Ant. Weariness, disgust, satiety, tedium, monotony, strenuosity.

Analogy. Likeness, relation, resemblance, similitude, comparison.

Ant. Unlikeness, incongruity, disproportion, disagreement.

Analysis. Separation, dissection, investigation, partition.

Ant. Synthesis, composition, aggregation, combination, coherence.

Anarchy. Misrule, disorder, lawlessness, violence, confusion.

Ant. Law, order, government, control, organization, subjection.

Anatomy. Analysis, dissection; skeleton; dismemberment.

Ant. Synthesis, organization, union, construction; body.

Ancient. Old, antique, antiquated, obsolete, primeval, aged.

Ant. Modern, young, fresh, new, juvenile, upstart.

Ancillary. Auxiliary, helping, instrumental; subsidiary, subordinate, subservient.

Ant. Alien, adverse, redundant, obstructive, impertinent, irrelative, counteractive.

Angelic. Seraphic, celestial, pure, ethereal, adorable, rapturous, heavenly, divine, spiritual.

Ant. Demoniac, demoniacal, diabolical, hellish, fiendish, foul.

Anger. Fury, ire, offense, passion, choler, indignation, rage, temper, vexation, displeasure, animosity, wrath, resentment.

Ant. Patience, self-control, self-restraint, forbearance, leniency, mildness, forgiveness, giveness, charity, love.

Angry. Provoked, indignant, exasperated, irritated, wrathful, furious, resentful, mad, passionate, sulky, piqued, galled.

Ant. Calm, unresentful, peaceful, self-controlled, good-tempered, forgiving, lenient.

Anguish. Agony, torture, torment, pang, acute distress, extreme suffering.

Ant. Ease, pleasure, relief, solace, assuagement, ecstasy.

Animal. Brute, beast, living organism, sentient being; fauna.

Ant. Man; vegetable; angel; inanimate object, substance; soul, spirit.

Animate. Enliven, vivify, quicken, invigorate, revive, stimulate, waken, rouse, excite, provoke, encourage, inspire, elate.

Ant. Deaden, discourage, deter, depress, dishearten, stifle.

Animation. Life, vitality, spirit, vivacity, energy, exhilaration, sprightliness, courage, force, buoyancy, vigor, liveliness.

Ant. Dulness, deadness, 23spiritlessness, inertness, stolidity.

Animosity. Hatred, enmity, malignity, antipathy, aversion, acrimony, strife, bitterness, hostility, dissension, malice, anger.

Ant. Congeniality, unanimity, friendship, companionship, harmony, concord, regard, alliance, kindness, sympathy.

Annals. Chronicles, records, registers, rolls, archives.

Ant. Romance, tradition, hearsay, legend, lays.

Annex. Add, affix, attach, adjoin, append, subjoin, tag, join, unite, connect.

Ant. Detach, disconnect, withdraw, separate, remove, disengage.

Annihilation. Extermination, obliteration, eradication, destruction; non-existence; oblivion, non-being, eternal blank; Nirvana.

Ant. Perpetuation, immortality; genesis, evolution, development.

Annotation. Note, comment, remark, observation, gloss, scholium, explanation, illustration, elucidation.

Ant. Narrative, text, assertion, proposition, statement.

Announce. Proclaim, publish, report, herald, make known, state, reveal, tell, declare, communicate, promulgate, circulate, enunciate.

Ant. Suppress, secrete, hide, cover up, conceal, bury, withhold.

Announcement. Notice, proclamation, declaration, advertisement, notification, manifesto, promulgation.

Ant. Suppression, concealment, secrecy, equivocation, ambiguity, insinuation.

Annoyance. Trouble, discomfort, vexation, torment, infliction, nuisance, irritation.

Ant. Gratification, delight, ease, pleasure, relief.

Annual, n. Yearly publication, year-book, annals; plant living but a year.

Ant. Perennial, biennial, triennial; exotic.

Annul. Cancel, abrogate, recall, repeal, revoke, countermand, reverse, rescind, abolish, nullify, supersede, invalidate.

Ant. Conserve, confirm, maintain, enact, establish.

Anomalous. Abnormal, unnatural, irregular, peculiar, exceptional, aberrant, unusual, singular, eccentric, erratic.

Ant. Normal, regular, usual, ordinary, common, wonted.

Anon. Soon, shortly, forthwith, immediately, instantly, directly, ere long; afterward, presently, again.

Ant. Herewith, now; already, previously.

Anonymous. Nameless, unacknowledged, of unknown authorship.

Ant. Identified, authorized, authenticated, attested, signed.

Answer, v. Reply, rejoin, respond; be accountable, responsible, or liable, go surety; correspond, be similar; do, serve, suit, pass; refute, defend; satisfy, fulfil.

Ant. Challenge, defy, question, interrogate, query, summon.

Answerable. Refutable, responsible, amenable, liable, accountable; corresponding, correlative, suitable, proportionate.

Ant. Independent, irresponsible, irrefutable; unsuitable, dissimilar, different.

Antagonism. Opposition, contradiction, 24hostility, animosity, enmity.

Ant. Amity, alliance, association.

Antecedent, a. Preceding, previous, prior, foregoing, anterior, precursory.

Ant. Subsequent, posterior, sequent, following.

Antedate. Date before the true time; anticipate, forestall, foretaste.

Ant. Postdate, follow, succeed, supervene.

Anticipate. Forestall, expect, foretaste, antedate, forecast, apprehend, hope for, look forward to.

Ant. Postdate, follow; reflect upon, recall, recollect, remember; despair of, doubt, dread, fear.

Anticipation. Expectation, prospect, hope, trust, contemplation, abeyance, foreboding, apprehension, presentiment; prescience, prevision, forethought.

Ant. Realization, consummation, despair, enjoyment, surprise, doubt, dread, wonder, fear.

Antipathy. Repugnance, repulsion, aversion, detestation, abhorrence, hatred, hostility, loathing.

Ant. Attraction, affinity, congeniality, sympathy, harmony.

Antiquated. Quaint, obsolete, bygone, ancient, archaic, old-fashioned.

Ant. Modern, modish, new, recent, stylish, fashionable, fresh.

Antiquity. Ancient times, eld, early days; ancients, people of early days; great age; (pl.) relics of ancient days, archeology.

Ant. Modernity; futurity, eventuality, posterity; the present, to-day.

Anxiety. Perplexity, apprehension, care, concern, solicitude, worry, dread, trouble, foreboding, misgiving, eagerness, diffidence.

Ant. Ease, confidence, contentment, apathy, acquiescence, calmness, nonchalance, assurance.

Apathy. Stoicism, calmness, composure, lethargy, unconcern, indifference, insensibility, immobility, quietude, phlegm, stillness.

Ant. Fury, frenzy, susceptibility, sensitiveness, anxiety, excitement, agitation, feeling, passion, vehemence, emotion.

Ape, v. Mimic, imitate, counterfeit, copy, affect, personate, represent.

Ant. Vary, modify, change.

Aperture. Opening, hole, gap, rift, chasm, loophole, orifice, cleft.

Ant. Closure, blank wall; seclusion, imperviousness.

Apex. Acme, vertex, pinnacle, summit.

Ant. Base, nadir, foot, root.

Aphorism. Adage, maxim, proverb, saying, dictum, apothegm, saw.

Ant. Lecture, disquisition, discourse, sermon.

Apiece. Each, individually, severally, distributively, separately.

Ant. Together, collectively, synthetically, in the aggregate.

Apocalyptic. In or from “The Revelation of St. John the Divine”; prophetic, mystical, mysterious; manifesting, revealing, unveiling.

Ant. Concealing, obscuring, shrouding, eclipsing.

25Apocryphal. Unauthentic, uncanonical, legendary, fictitious, false, equivocal, doubtful, spurious.

Ant. Palpable, authorized, accepted, authentic, genuine, current, verified, attested.

Apology. Plea, excuse, defense, confession, acknowledgment, justification, vindication, explanation, extenuation.

Ant. Charge, censure, imputation, condemnation, insult, complaint, offense, wrong.

Apostate. Renegade, turncoat, backslider, deserter, pervert, traitor.

Ant. Adherent, supporter, zealot, dogmatist, fanatic.

Apothegm. Saying, dictum, proverb, aphorism, precept, byword.

Ant. Sermon, discourse, tirade, harangue.

Appall. Terrify, frighten, dismay, shock, daunt, alarm, affright.

Ant. Reassure, embolden.

Apparel. Clothes, dress, raiment, attire, costume, habit, guise, garments, robes, vesture, wardrobe, equipment, trappings.

Ant. Nudity, deshabille, rags, tatters.

Apparent. Seeming, probable, likely, obvious, conspicuous, manifest, clear, patent, evident, plain, legible, specious.

Ant. Real, hidden, dubious, improbable, doubtful, unimaginable, unsupposable, minute.

Appeal. Address, invoke, entreat, implore, supplicate, sue, petition.

Ant. Protest, defy, abjure, disdain, deprecate, repudiate.

Appearance. Semblance, look, show, pretense, guise, fashion; arrival, advent, apparition; demeanor, air, complexion, manner.

Ant. Disappearance, evanition, departure, vanishing.

Appease. Calm, pacify, soothe, quell, mollify, mitigate, lull; propitiate, placate, satisfy, reconcile.

Ant. Aggravate, exasperate, provoke, inflame, incense, excite.

Appellation. Epithet, title, description, designation, name.

Ant. Anonymousness, namelessness.

Appendage, Appendix. Attachment, addition, adjunct, supplement.

Ant. Main body, original, whole, total.

Appertain. Belong, inhere, adhere, regard, concern, touch, relate.

Ant. Be remote, far-fetched, or forced, have no bearing upon.

Appetite. Longing, craving, desire, relish, gust, zest, liking.

Ant. Aversion, loathing, repugnance, antipathy, disgust.

Applause. Praise, approbation, commendation, compliment, plaudit, acclamation, éclat, clapping of hands.

Ant. Denunciation, censure, blame, sibilation, vituperation, hissing.

Appliances, n. pl. Means, instruments, appointments, appurtenances, tools, adjuncts, equipment; resources, steps, measures, ways; contrivances.

Applicable. Fit, appropriate, suitable, pertinent, apt, proper, relevant, germane; adjustable.

Ant. Irrelevant, useless, unavailable, impertinent.

Applicant. Petitioner, solicitor, suitor, candidate, aspirant.

Apply. Use, employ, exercise, appropriate; execute, carry out, 26practice; devote, engage, dedicate; request, petition.

Ant. Divert, misuse, discard, divorce.

Appoint. Determine, establish, fix; assign, allot, designate; nominate, name, create; equip, supply, furnish; direct, command, decree, enjoin, impose, require, ordain.

Ant. Reserve, cancel, disarrange, reverse, withhold, retain, undo, suspend, recall, withdraw.

Appointment. Assignation, assignment, agreement, arrangement; meeting, tryst; station, position, office, place; decree, command, order, edict, ordinance, mandate, requirement, law.

Apportion. Appoint, allot, appropriate, divide, distribute, share, grant, dispense, assign, deal.

Ant. Retain, collect, consolidate, receive, gather, divert.

Apposite. Apt, pertinent, suitable, seasonable, apropos, fit, applicable, adapted.

Ant. Untimely, irrelevant, unfitting, impertinent, misplaced.

Appraise. Estimate, prize, value, rate, fix a price for, survey, assess, assize.

Ant. Undervalue, discard, misprize; discount, rebate, allow.

Appreciate. Estimate justly, value highly, esteem, prize, raise the value of; recognize, respect.

Ant. Undervalue, misjudge, ignore, misconceive; depreciate, disdain.

Apprehend. Arrest, seize, take, catch, capture; imagine, conceive, regard; perceive, realize, understand, appreciate; fear, forebode.

Ant. Miss, lose, misunderstand, ignore, misconceive.

Apprehension. Arrest, capture; understanding, intelligence, mind, reason; notice, cognizance; conception, imagination; knowledge, discernment, perception, sense; opinion, fancy, sentiment, notion, fear, suspicion, anxiety.

Ant. Escape, non-detection; sensibility, emotion; apathy, lethargy; illiteracy, stupidity, stolidity; confidence, nonchalance.

Apprise. Give notice, inform, tell, publish, advise, acquaint.

Ant. Deceive, mislead, hoodwink, mystify.

Approach, v. Advance, draw near, bring near, go near, push; broach, address confidentially; resemble closely, be like, similar, or equal.

Ant. Diverge, retreat, go back; retard, restrain; be unlike.

Approbation. Praise, commendation, approval, liking; support, consent, sanction, indorsement, concurrence, assent.

Ant. Censure, protest, denial, disapproval, dissatisfaction.

Approve. Praise, commend, sanction, support, encourage, authorize.

Ant. Disparage, condemn, disown, repudiate, dislike.

Approximation. Approach, nearness, similarity, likeness, contiguity, resemblance, propinquity, neighborhood.

Ant. Remoteness, variation, distance, difference, divergence.

Appurtenant. Belonging, connected, appended, attached, coordinate.

27Ant. Isolated, detached, unallied, independent.

A priori. Theoretically; necessarily, apodictically, constitutionally, absolutely, primordially, inductively.

Ant. A posteriori; practically, according to experience; deductively from facts.

Apropos. Opportune, seasonable, apposite, timely, apt, suitable.

Ant. Inopportune, irrelevant, untimely, inapt, unsuitable.

Aptitude. Disposition, knack, endowment, tendency, inclination, fitness, suitability, bias, propensity.

Ant. Unreadiness, unskilfulness, repugnance, incongruity.

Arbiter. Umpire, judge, referee; controller, master, lord.

Ant. Appellant, claimant, litigant, disputant.

Arbitrary. Despotic, autocratic, tyrannical, overbearing, peremptory; capricious, wilful, fanciful; imperious, dictatorial.

Ant. Considerate, lenient, obliging, equitable.

Arbitration. Mediation, intercession, interposition, intervention; arbitrament, umpirage, trial, judgment, decision.

Ant. Litigation, contention, disputation, appeal, dissension.

Ardent. Passionate, fervent, intense, vehement, fierce, fiery; hot, burning; zealous, enthusiastic, strenuous.

Ant. Cool, cold, indifferent, torpid, apathetic, dispassionate, phlegmatic.

Argument. Reasoning, proof, evidence, controversy, discussion, debate; subject, topic, theme, thesis; summary, abstract, outline.

Ant. Assertion, assumption; dogma.

Aridity. Dryness, parchedness, sterility, unfertility, barrenness; dulness, indifference, torpidity, insensibility.

Ant. Moisture, fertility, verdancy, luxuriance, productivity.

Arise. Ascend, mount, get up, stand up; rebel, revolt; result, eventuate.

Ant. Descend, dismount; submit, cower; cause, instigate.

Aristocracy. Government of nobles; nobility, peerage, gentry.

Ant. Democracy; people, populace, masses, rabble.

Arm, v. Equip, array, furnish, gird, accouter, provide; fortify, cover, protect, guard; prepare.

Ant. Divest, disarm; expose.

Army. Soldiery, legion, armament, forces, host, phalanx, troops.

Ant. Individual; citizens.

Aromatic. Fragrant, spicy, balmy, redolent, odoriferous, ambrosial.

Ant. Scentless, malodorous, fetid, offensive, noisome, rank.

Arouse. Excite, provoke, instigate, stimulate, animate, kindle, warm, whet, summon, awaken.

Ant. Allay, mitigate, moderate, still, quiet, assuage, quell.

Arraign. Accuse, charge, indict, impeach, denounce; prosecute.

Ant. Acquit, discharge, condone, release.

Arrange. Settle, determine, adjust; dispose, group, marshall, rank, range, distribute, place; plan, contrive, project, devise, construct, organize.

Ant. Confuse, disturb, jumble, disperse, disorder, derange.

Array, n. Order, parade, show, exhibition, collection, arrangement, line of battle, disposition.

28Ant. Disorder, confusion, jumble.

Arrest. Apprehend, capture, seize, detain, hold, take prisoner; stop.

Ant. Liberate, free, dismiss, release, discharge; expedite.

Arrival. Advent, coming; comer, person or thing arrived.

Ant. Departure, going.

Arrive. Reach, get to, come; attain, touch, overtake; happen.

Ant. Depart, set out or forth, be gone.

Arrogant. Haughty, insolent, proud, lordly, disdainful, supercilious, self-important, egoistic, overbearing, dogmatic, imperious.

Ant. Humble, diffident, polite, bashful, servile, considerate.

Art. Craft, business, calling, employment, trade; practical knowledge; creation of beauty; skill, dexterity, sagacity, aptitude, cleverness, ingenuity; cunning, artifice, deceit, guile.

Ant. Misrepresentation, caricature; candor, simplicity; incompetency, inability.

Article. Thing, substance, commodity; part, portion, particular, point, item, member; essay, paper, monograph, brochure.

Ant. Nothing, nullity, cipher; totality, entirety, unity, integer.

Articulate. Join, unite, connect, fasten together; enunciate, utter distinctly, pronounce.

Ant. Disperse, separate, rend, dissect, disjoin, disconnect; whisper; render mute, silence, muzzle.

Artifice. Cunning, craft, machination, stratagem, guile, device, contrivance, cheat, imposture, trick, ruse, maneuver, wile.

Ant. Fairness, frankness, candor, openness, sincerity, truth, honesty, artlessness, ingenuousness, simplicity.

Artificial. Unnatural, factitious; feigned, counterfeit, fictitious, spurious, sham; affected, forced, strained.

Ant. Natural, genuine, spontaneous, transparent, artless, unaffected.

Artist. Designer, contriver, skilled workman, artisan; mechanic, operative; painter; sculptor, carver; master, master-hand.

Ascend. Rise, mount, soar, aspire, go up, tower.

Ant. Descend, fall, sink.

Ascendancy. Power, authority, sway, dominion, rule, mastery, control, government, influence.

Ant. Subordination, servility.

Ascertain. Determine, establish, settle, fix, define, verify; discover, find out, get at.

Ant. Guess, surmise, suppose, presume, conjecture.

Ascetic. Austere, rigid, severe, self-denying, abstinent, stern, puritanical.

Ant. Lenient, indulgent, epicurean, pampered, mild, tolerant.

Ascribe. Impute, attribute, assign, refer, charge, set down.

Ant. Dissociate, exclude; deny, refuse; disconnect.

Ask. Request, petition, solicit, entreat, beg, beseech, supplicate, require of, crave, demand.

Ant. Refuse, reject, deny; command, claim, exact, extort, enforce, insist.

Aspect. Air, mien, look, countenance, expression, feature, bearing; state, attitude, posture, condition, appearance; direction, outlook, prospect.

Asperity. Acrimony, sourness, sharpness; sternness, severity, 29bitterness, sullenness, ill-temper; roughness, unevenness.

Ant. Sweetness, pleasantness; gentleness, mildness; smoothness.

Asperse. Slander, calumniate, traduce, vilify, attack, abuse, blemish, besmirch, vituperate, disparage, censure, slur, malign.

Ant. Eulogize, vindicate, clear, defend, extol, praise, shield.

Aspiration. Pronouncing with the rough breathing; yearning, longing, ardent desire, craving, spiritual ambition.

Ant. Apathy, inertia, indifference, dulness, aversion, repudiation, avoidance.

Assault. Attack, invasion, charge, onset, onslaught, aggression.

Ant. Resistance, defense, repulsion, retaliation, undermining.

Assemble. Gather, collect, convene, congregate, meet, come together.

Ant. Disperse, scatter, dismiss.

Assembly. Concourse, company, gathering, congregation, assemblage, meeting, convocation, throng; congress, parliament, legislature, synod, diet, council, convention; ball, dance, dancing party.

Ant. Dispersion, dismissal, disunion, disruption.

Assent, n. Acquiescence, acknowledgment, approval, concurrence, approbation, accord, consent, agreement, compliance.

Ant. Disagreement, dissent, difference, protest, declension.

Assertion. Asseveration, protestation, allegation; position, statement, word, declaration; vindication, defense, maintenance.

Ant. Denial, contradiction, abandonment, protest, disavowal, retraction, repudiation, confutation, abjuration.

Assess. Tax, value, appraise, estimate, compute, fix, assign, determine, impose.

Ant. Discount, rebate, allow.

Assiduous. Diligent, industrious, untiring, indefatigable, devoted, constant, attentive, painstaking, laborious, persistent, active.

Ant. Indolent, remiss, inattentive, lazy, desultory, inconstant.

Assignment. Appointment, allotment; specification, fixing, determination, offer, presentation; transfer, allowance.

Ant. Withdrawal, refusal; acceptance, reception.

Assimilate. Make similar, cause to resemble; digest, appropriate, incorporate, absorb.

Ant. Contrast, reject, separate, segregate.

Assist. Help, aid, succor, relieve, support, befriend, serve; speed, sustain, promote, further, coöperate with, patronize.

Ant. Hinder, oppose, antagonize, prevent, resist, counteract.

Associate, n. Companion, comrade, chum, friend, helpmate, partner, colleague, coadjutor, accomplice, ally, consort, confederate, peer.

Ant. Antagonist, enemy, foe, opponent, rival, stranger, opposer.

Association. Federation, fellowship, alliance, companionship, society, union, partnership, lodge, company, confederacy, corporation, fraternity, club.

Ant. Solitude; disintegration; independence, separation, 30disunion, estrangement, disruption, avoidance; individuality.

Assortment. Arrangement, allotment, distribution; set, class, group, parcel, collection; variety, miscellany.

Ant. Disarrangement, displacement, misplacement; conglomeration.

Assuage. Soothe, pacify, mitigate, ease, alleviate, abate, calm.

Ant. Excite, inflame, provoke, aggravate, exasperate.

Assume. Arrogate, feign, pretend, take, usurp, accept, affect, appropriate, claim.

Ant. Waive, allow, surrender; doff; concede, grant, abandon, resign; demonstrate, prove, argue.

Assumption. Presumption, hypothesis, theory, postulate, conjecture; acceptance of, responsibility for; usurpation, arrogance, haughtiness, conceit, lordliness, impudence, effrontery.

Ant. Truth, fact; timidity, distrust, misgiving, consternation.

Assurance. Confidence, effrontery, presumption, assumption, arrogance, impudence, self-reliance, boldness, assertion; pledge.

Ant. Doubt, distrust, hesitancy, misgiving, timidity, confusion, dismay, shyness.

Astonish. Amaze, startle, surprise, astound, stupefy, stagger.

Ant. Encourage, embolden, assure.

Astute. Keen, discerning, acute, sagacious, shrewd, sharp, cunning, subtle, discriminating, knowing, perspicacious, crafty.

Ant. Stupid, unintelligent, imbecile, dull, idiotic, shortsighted, shallow.

Atrocious. Infamous, outrageous, nefarious, villainous, diabolical, heinous, flagrant, horrible.

Ant. Humane, noble, honorable, admirable, chivalrous, generous.

Attachment. Adherence, friendship, regard, tenderness, love, esteem, affection, devotion, inclination, union.

Ant. Alienation, aversion, coolness, distance, estrangement, indifference, antipathy, animosity, dislike, enmity, divorce.

Attack, v. Assault, storm, assail, invade, charge, rush upon, spring upon; censure, criticize; combat, besiege, beset.

Ant. Withstand, defend, resist, support, shield, aid, uphold, shelter, vindicate, protest.

Attain. Achieve, accomplish, gain, master, secure, earn, obtain, win, acquire, accomplish.

Ant. Lose, fail of, forfeit, give up, abandon, let go, miss.

Attainment. Winning, getting, accomplishing, securing; erudition, acquirement, wisdom, accomplishment, mental resources, information, learning, enlightenment.

Ant. Inspiration, intuition, genius; ignorance.

Attempt. Try, undertake, seek, endeavor, essay, attack, strive.

Ant. Abandon, shun, drop, dismiss, neglect.

Attendance. Presence; persons present; train, retinue; ministration, service, waiting on.

Ant. Absence; non-attendance; neglect, abandonment.

Attention. Care, notice, observation, consideration, watchfulness, alertness; study, reflection, application; respect, courtesy, politeness, civility, regard; courtship, devotion, wooing.

31Ant. Indifference, carelessness, heedlessness, abstraction, distraction, absence of mind; neglect, preoccupation, ignoring.

Attenuate. Rarefy, thin, reduce, diminish, make slender, slim, or spare, lessen.

Ant. Amplify, dilate, swell, develop, enlarge, broaden, expand, increase.

Attest. Bear witness, certify, indorse, corroborate, support, authenticate; invoke, adjure; prove, show, manifest, exhibit.

Ant. Controvert, contradict, disprove, deny, upset, refute; conceal; vitiate.

Attire. Dress, apparel, robes, garments, habiliments, habit, raiment, uniform, costume, livery.

Ant. Nudity, nakedness.

Attitude. Position, pose, posture, situation, standing, aspect.

Ant. State, condition, essence; amorphism.

Attraction. Drawing, allurement, lure, fascination, charm, enticement, witchery, grace.

Ant. Repulsion, aversion, disinclination, repugnance.

Attribute, n. Quality, property, characteristic, peculiarity, mark.

Ant. Essence, substance, nature, being.

Attribute, v. Ascribe, assign, impute, refer, charge, connect, associate.

Ant. Separate, sever, sunder, disconnect, deny, dissociate.

Audacious. Bold, daring, fearless, courageous, venturesome, intrepid, dauntless; presumptuous, forward, assuming, impudent, impertinent, insolent.

Ant. Timid, cowardly, cautious; unenterprising; retiring.

Augur, v. Foretell, portend, predict, presage, prophesy, divine, prognosticate, betoken.

Ant. Demonstrate, establish, settle, prove, warrant, calculate.

August. Awful, imposing, majestic, stately, grand, regal, kingly, princely, noble, dignified.

Ant. Mean, common, vulgar, beggarly, commonplace, paltry.

Auspicious. Successful, fortunate, lucky, happy, prosperous; propitious, promising, opportune, favorable.

Ant. Hopeless, abortive, unpromising, unsatisfactory, discouraging.

Austere. Severe, hard, stiff, stern, uncompromising, unrelenting, ascetic, rigid, formal.

Ant. Affable, kindly, indulgent, genial, bland, mild, tender.

Authentic. Genuine, trustworthy, veritable, accepted, authorized, certain, accredited, sure, true, reliable, original, legitimate.

Ant. False, fictitious, spurious, unauthorized, apocryphal, fabulous, counterfeit.

Author. Creator, maker, contriver, originator, inventor; writer, composer.

Ant. Destroyer, demolisher, spoiler, annihilator.

Authority. Power, government, empire, dominion; supremacy, control, influence, interest; order, precept, sanction, liberty, warranty; expert, master, connoisseur.

Ant. Anarchy, license, insubordination, misrule, lynch law; embargo, restriction, hindrance, proscription, prohibition, injunction, interdiction; weakness, wrong, usurpation.

Autocratic. Absolute, unlimited, 32tyrannical, oppressive, disdainful, overbearing, arrogant.

Ant. Subordinate, dependent, responsible, constitutional.

Automatic. Self-moving, self-acting.

Ant. Voluntary, free, optional.

Auxiliary, n. Assistant, helper, confederate, aid, ally, accessory, promoter, subordinate.

Ant. Opponent, antagonist, hinderer, opposer.

Available. Serviceable, useful, profitable, beneficial, advantageous.

Ant. Useless, inappropriate, irrelevant, inoperative.

Avaricious. Grasping, sordid, greedy, covetous, miserly, stingy.

Ant. Liberal, bountiful, extravagant, wasteful, prodigal, unselfish.

Avenge. Punish, retaliate, revenge, vindicate.

Ant. Forgive, pardon, overlook, condone, waive, forego, remit.

Avenue. Access, entrance, entry, approach, passage; alley, walk, street, road; route, channel.

Aver. Assert, declare, say, protest, affirm, asseverate, allege.

Ant. Deny, contradict, disavow.

Average. Medium, medial, middling, ordinary, tolerable, moderate, mediocre, passable.

Ant. Extreme, excessive, perfect, extraordinary, excellent.

Aversion. Dislike, hatred, repugnance, disgust, loathing, antipathy, abhorrence, detestation, unwillingness.

Ant. Sympathy, congeniality, ardor, eagerness, avidity, love, desire, affection.

Avidity. Eagerness, longing, desire, yearning; rapacity, craving, greediness.

Ant. Apathy, indifference, coldness, aversion, loathing.

Avoid. Quit, shun, abandon, escape, elude, withdraw, forsake, dodge.

Ant. Seek, court, approach, accost, address, affect.

Avouch. Assert, affirm, declare, protest, profess, asseverate.

Ant. Deny, contradict, gainsay.

Avow. Confess, own, acknowledge, admit, profess, proclaim, testify.

Ant. Disavow, repudiate, deny, contradict, disclaim, ignore.

Awaken. Rouse, kindle, excite, provoke.

Ant. Allay, quiet, subdue.

Award. Grant, allot, accord, distribute, assign, decree, determine.

Ant. Refuse, withhold, retain, misappropriate, deny.

Aware. Conscious, sensible, cognizant, knowing, apprised, mindful.

Ant. Unconscious, ignorant, insensible.

Awe. Fear, dread, reverence, veneration, terror, wonder.

Ant. Contempt, familiarity, irreverence, disrespect, insolence.

Awful. Dread, grand, imposing, majestic, noble, portentous, appalling, august, alarming, horrible, frightful, shocking, terrible.

Ant. Commonplace, contemptible, despicable, vulgar, undignified.

Awkward. Clumsy, bungling, ungainly, uncouth, rough, unskilful.

Ant. Clever, skilful, handy, dexterous, adroit.

33Awry. Oblique, slanting, twisted, crooked, distorted, athwart.

Ant. Straight, direct, true, right.

Axiom. Truism, postulate, self-evident proposition, necessary truth.

Ant. Paradox, sophism, contradiction, nonsense, absurdity.

Azure. Blue, sky-color, cerulean.

Babble. Chatter, prattle, jibber; prate, gossip, tattle; tell secrets, blab, blurt out; murmur.

Ant. Hush, suppress; enunciate.

Babel. Tumult, disorder, clamor, confusion, discord, din, pother.

Ant. Silence; articulation, distinctness, enunciation; monotony.

Back, a. and ad. Remote, hindmost, in the rear; again, return.

Ant. Near, foremost, in advance.

Back, v. Support, aid, second, sustain, assist; retire, retreat, withdraw; move backward, cause to go backward.

Ant. Fail, disappoint; advance, push.

Backbiter. Slanderer, defamer, traducer, calumniator, detractor, cynic.

Ant. Advocate, upholder, defender, vindicator.

Backslider. Recreant, apostate, renegade, deserter, abjurer.

Ant. Confessor, zealot, bigot, adherent.

Backward. Averse, indisposed, reluctant, loath, unwilling, hesitating, wavering; dull, slow, stupid, stolid; late, tardy.

Ant. Forward, eager, willing, ready, prompt; quick, bright; previous, antecedent, prior.

Bad. Evil, wicked, depraved, abandoned, corrupt, immoral, unfair, unprincipled, villainous; pernicious, mischievous, hurtful, injurious, detrimental, unwholesome; unlucky, unfortunate; sad, unwelcome, distressing, disappointing; sorry, mean, shabby, vile, wretched, abominable; poor, imperfect; serious, hard, severe.

Ant. Good, perfect, right, holy, beautiful, pleasant.

Baffle. Frustrate, thwart, defeat, circumvent, checkmate, undermine; bewilder, perplex, confound, disconcert.

Ant. Aid, assist, advance, encourage, promote.

Balance. Poise, hold in equilibrium; weigh, compare, estimate; neutralize, counteract, compensate; equalize, square, adjust.

Ant. Upset, cant, tilt, overbalance, subvert.

Bald. Bare, hairless; treeless, unsheltered, naked, verdureless; unadorned, prosaic, dull, vapid, tame, inelegant; literal, unvarnished; mere, unsupported, uncorroborated.

Ant. Adorned, periwigged; forested, shaded; bright, elegant, rhetorical; ornate, polished, witty, scintillating.

Baleful. Harmful, hurtful, injurious, baneful, pernicious, deadly, ruinous.

Ant. Innocent, beneficial, salutary, advantageous.

Balk. Frustrate, defeat, foil.

34Ant. Aid, promote, instigate.

Banish. Dismiss, drive out, eject, expel, exile, ostracize, evict, expatriate.

Ant. Welcome, admit, protect, domesticate, harbor.

Banquet. Feast, treat, regalement, entertainment, festivity, carousal, cheer.

Ant. Fast, starvation, abstinence.

Banter, n. Badinage, irony, raillery, ridicule, satire, chaff, mockery, jeering, derision.

Ant. Discourse, discussion.

Barbarous. Brutal, atrocious, cruel, inhuman, merciless, savage, barbaric, barbarian.

Ant. Civilized, humane, polite, refined, tender, delicate, cultured, elegant, nice, courtly.

Bare. Nude, naked, unclothed, exposed; sheer, simple, mere; bald, unadorned, meager; poor, destitute, indigent, empty.

Ant. Dressed, protected; rich, luxurious, costly.

Bargain. Agreement, contract, stipulation, transaction; purchase, speculation, haggling, getting, proceeds; cheap purchase.

Ant. Loss, misprofit; cheat.

Barren. Sterile, childless, unprolific; unfertile, unproductive; uninstructive, ineffectual.

Ant. Productive, fertile, luxuriant, fecund; profitable, useful.

Barrier. Obstruction, hindrance, obstacle, bar, barricade, rampart; restraint, restriction.

Ant. Thoroughfare, entrance, admittance, opening, passage.