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Vol. IX
of the
Botanist’s Repository
Comprising
Colour’d Engravings
of
New and Rare Plants
ONLY
With Botanical Descriptions &c.
——in——
Latin and English,
after the
Linnæan System.
by
H. Andrews
Botanical Painter Engraver, &c.
Featuring
Colored Illustrations
of
New and Rare Plants
ONLY
With Botanical Descriptions &c.
——in——
Latin and English,
following the
Linnaean System.
by
H. Andrews
Botanical Artist Engraver, &c.
PLATE DLIII.
LOBELIA ASSURGENS.
Assurgent Lobelia.
CLASS V. ORDER I.
CLASS V. ORDER I.
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Five Chives. One Pointal.
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Five Chives. One Pistil.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Generic character.
Calyx quinquefidus, Corolla monopetala, irregularis. Antheræ cohærentes. Capsula infera, 2-seu 3-locularis.
Calyx quinquefidus, single-petaled corolla, irregular. Anthers fused together. Lower capsule, 2 or 3-chambered.
Empalement five-cleft. Blossom of one petal, irregular. Anthers cohering. Seed-vessel below, with 2 or 3 partitions.
Impaling five-part. Flower with one petal, uneven. Anthers sticking together. Seed pod below, with 2 or 3 sections.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Lobelia foliis lanceolatis serratis, infernè denticulatis decurrentibus, racemis compositis terminalibus.
Lobelia with lance-shaped, serrated leaves that have small teeth along the edges and extend downward, arranged in terminal compound clusters.
Lobelia with leaves lance-shaped, serrate, toothed towards the base, and running down the stem; the racemes compound and terminal.
Lobelia has lance-shaped leaves that are serrated and toothed at the base, extending down the stem; the racemes are compound and located at the top.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
The chives unfurl. 3. The seed bud and pistil.
This curious species of Lobelia is a native of high mountains in Jamaica, where Brown informs us it grows to the height of 5 or 6 feet. The plant is at present so scarce as not to be enumerated in the Catalogue of the Cambridge Garden; nor has any figure of it, to our knowledge, been before published. Specimens were communicated by A. B. Lambert, esq. from his stove at Boyton, where he informs us that the plant is now about five feet high, with some of the lower leaves a foot and a half long; that it began to blossom in the middle of July, and continued to the end of November; four or five racemes flowering at the same time, and nodding in the manner of ostrich plumes; the blossoms gradually opening in succession towards the top, and the racemes continuing to lengthen until more than a foot long. The flowers have withered without producing any seed. The plant appears to be perennial.
This interesting type of Lobelia is native to the high mountains of Jamaica, where Brown tells us it can grow to be 5 or 6 feet tall. The plant is currently so rare that it isn’t listed in the Catalogue of the Cambridge Garden, and to our knowledge, no images of it have been published before. Specimens were provided by A. B. Lambert, Esq., from his greenhouse in Boyton, where he reports that the plant is now about five feet tall, with some of the lower leaves measuring a foot and a half long; it started blooming in mid-July and continued until the end of November, with four or five racemes flowering at the same time and drooping like ostrich feathers; the flowers gradually opened in succession toward the top, and the racemes kept extending to more than a foot long. The flowers have faded without producing any seeds. The plant seems to be perennial.
PLATE DLIV.
VOLKAMERIA ANGUSTIFOLIA.
Narrow-leaved Volkameria.
CLASS XIV. ORDER II.
CLASS 14. ORDER 2.
DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. Two Chives longer. Seeds covered.
DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. Two Chives longer. Seeds are covered.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Generic character.
Calyx quinquefidus: Corollæ laciniis secundis. Drupa 2-locularis. Semina 4, seu abortu tantum 2.
Calyx quinquefidus: Petal segments in pairs. Fruit with 2 compartments. Seeds 4, or sometimes only 2 due to abortion.
Empalement five-cleft. Blossom with the divisions pointing one way. Berry 2-celled. Seeds 4, or from abortion only 2.
Impaling five-cleft. Flower with the sections pointing in one direction. Berry with 2 cells. Seeds 4, or only 2 due to abortion.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Volkameria fruticosa glaberrima, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis integerrimis, pedunculis trichotomis axillaribus et terminalibus.
Volkameria fruticosa glaberrima, with smooth, elongated lance-shaped leaves that are completely unmarked, featuring axillary and terminal peduncles that are trichotomous.
Volkameria shrubby and very smooth, with oblong-lanced very entire leaves, and peduncles divided by threes, both axillary and terminal.
Volkameria is a low shrub that is very smooth, featuring long, lance-shaped leaves that are fully intact, and flowers on stems that are grouped in threes, found both in the axils and at the ends of the branches.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
Plate reference.
A flower bloomed, one petal pulled away and enlarged.
3. Seed-bud and pointal, summit enlarged.
4. The seedling enlarged.
Volkameria angustifolia is a dwarf branchy shrub flowering in great profusion about the middle of August. The blossoms are white and remarkably sweet-scented. It was communicated by Mr. Donn, Curator of the Cambridge Botanic garden, and is to be enumerated in the new edition of his Catalogue now in the press. It requires to be kept in the bark-bed in the hot-house, and is supposed to be a native of the Isle of France. We believe no other figure of it has been given.
Volkameria angustifolia is a small, bushy shrub that blooms abundantly around mid-August. The flowers are white and have a lovely sweet fragrance. This information was shared by Mr. Donn, the Curator of the Cambridge Botanic Garden, and will be included in the new edition of his Catalogue that is currently being printed. It needs to be kept in the bark bed in the hot house and is believed to be native to the Isle of France. We think no other depiction of it has been provided.
PLATE DLV.
ZINGIBER CLIFFORDIÆ.
Cliffordian Ginger.
CLASS I. ORDER I.
CLASS I. ORDER I.
MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. One Chive. One Pointal.
MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. One chive. One pistil.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Generic character.
Calyx monophyllus. Corolla 4-5-fida. Antheræ 2. Filamentum simplex ultra antheras productum.
Calyx monophyllus. Corolla with 4-5 lobes. There are 2 anthers. The filament extends beyond the anthers.
Empalement of one leaf. Blossom either 4-or 5-cleft. Anthers two. Filament simple, extended beyond the anthers.
Impaling of one leaf. Blossom with either 4 or 5 sections. Two anthers. Filament is simple, extending beyond the anthers.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Zingiber scapo simplicissimo, crasso, brevi, capitulo subovato, bracteis inferioribus lato-ovatis obtusis; corollâ 4-fidâ, laciniis tribus exterioribus oblongis marginibus involutis; alteris sub-cordatis duplo majoribus, mox convolutis.
Ginger with a simple, thick, short stem, has a somewhat oval flower head, with broad, blunt, lower bracts; a 4-part corolla, with three outer lobes that are elongated and have curled edges; and the inner lobes are heart-shaped and twice as large, soon curling up.
Ginger with an unbranched, thick, short flower-stalk, the lower flower-scales broadly-oval and blunt: the blossom 4-cleft, the three outer divisions oblong with their margins turned inwards, the inner inversely nearly heart-shaped and doubly larger, soon folding together.
Ginger root has a thick, short flower stalk that doesn't branch. The lower flower scales are broadly oval and blunt. The blossom is divided into four parts, with the three outer sections being oblong and their edges curling inward. The inner section is almost heart-shaped and is about twice as large, quickly folding together.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
A wilted flower. 3. Seed bud, anthers, and ovary, magnified at the tip.
4. The tiny plant.
This fine species of Ginger, we are informed, is a native of Guinea, and in the gardens has long been supposed to be the plant which produced the Grains of Paradise, Amomum Granum Paradisi of Linnæus; but it certainly by no means accords with the character of that plant, either as given in the Hortus Kewensis or by Linnæus himself. From the other species of Zingiber enumerated in the eighth volume of the Linnæan Society’s Transactions it is easily distinguished. Having as yet only blossomed in England in the collection of Lady de Clifford at Paddington, in honour of that patroness and lover of botany we have given its specific designation. The culture is the same as for other plants of the family. Our drawing was taken in 1804.
This impressive variety of ginger is said to be native to Guinea, and people have long believed it to be the plant that produces Grains of Paradise, Amomum Granum Paradisi according to Linnæus. However, it definitely doesn’t match the description of that plant, either in the Hortus Kewensis or by Linnæus himself. It can be easily distinguished from the other types of Zingiber listed in the eighth volume of the Linnæan Society’s Transactions. So far, it has only bloomed in England in Lady de Clifford's collection at Paddington, and in honor of her support and passion for botany, we’ve given it its specific name. The cultivation method is the same as for other plants in this family. Our drawing was created in 1804.
PLATE DLVI.
PANCRATIUM AMŒNUM.
Broadleaf Pancratium.
CLASS VI. ORDER I.
CLASS 6. ORDER 1.
HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Six Chives. One Pointal.
HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Six Chives. One Point.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERAL CHARACTER.
Petala 6. Nectarium 12-fidum. Stamina nectario imposita.
Petal 6. Nectarium with 12 parts. Stamen placed on the nectar.
Petals 6. Honey-cup 12-cleft. Stamens seated on the nectary.
Petals 6. Honey-cup 12-cleft. Stamen positioned on the nectary.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Pancratium spathâ multiflorâ, fragrantissimâ: foliis longo-lanceolatis, corollæ laciniis tubum excedentibus: nectario 6-lobato, sinubus sub-denticulatis. Willd. Sp.
Pancratium with many blooms and a wonderful fragrance: leaves that are long and lance-shaped, with petals that extend beyond the tube: a 6-lobed nectary with slightly tooth-like indentations. Willd. Sp.
Pancratium with the sheath many-flowered, and very sweet-scented: the leaves long-lanced, the divisions of the blossom longer than its tube: and the nectary 6-lobed, mostly with little teeth between.
Pancratium has a many-flowered sheath that smells really sweet. The leaves are long and pointed, and the parts of the flower are longer than its tube. The nectary has 6 lobes, mostly with small teeth in between.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
Several species of the genus Pancratium approach so very near to each other, that it is a difficult task to discriminate them with accuracy. We have little doubt that the Pancratium foliis amplis ovatis of Ehret (Trew’s Plantæ Selectæ, tab. 28.) belongs to our plant, notwithstanding the absence of the little teeth between the lobes of the nectary. Indeed, that character appears so variable in the synonyms commonly given to this species, that we are rather inclined to doubt of its constancy. Neither are the painters of those days always safely to be trusted in such minutiæ. Mr. Lambert, who favoured us with the specimen in March 1808, informs us that he received the bulbs from Lord Seaforth, on his return to England from the West Indies, from the Pancratium caribæum, cultivated in the same collection. It is certainly distinct; the blossoms are extremely fragrant, and we are not yet certain whether the amœnum and fragrans of botanists may not be the same species.
Several species of the genus Pancratium are so similar that it's challenging to differentiate them accurately. We're pretty sure that the Pancratium foliis amplis ovatis described by Ehret (Trew’s Plantæ Selectæ, tab. 28.) is the same as our plant, despite the lack of the tiny teeth between the lobes of the nectary. In fact, that characteristic seems so variable in the usual synonyms for this species that we have our doubts about its reliability. Also, the artists from that time can’t always be trusted with such details. Mr. Lambert, who gave us the specimen in March 1808, told us that he got the bulbs from Lord Seaforth when he returned to England from the West Indies, from the Pancratium caribæum, which was grown in the same collection. It is undeniably distinct; the flowers are incredibly fragrant, and we’re still not sure if the amœnum and fragrans mentioned by botanists could actually be the same species.
PLATE DLVII.
PERIPLOCA AFRICANA.
African Periploca.
CLASS V. ORDER II.
CLASS V. ORDER II.
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Five Chives. Two Pointals.
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Five Chives. Two Pointals.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Essential Generic Character.
Contorta. Nectarium ambiens genitalia, filamenta 5, exserentia.
Twisted. Surrounding the genitals is the nectarium, with 5 filaments extending out.
Contorted. Honey-cup surrounding the stamens. Threads 5, standing out.
Twisted. Honeyed cup around the stamens. 5 threads, standing out.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Periploca foliis ovato-acutis, pilosis: floribus corymbosis: caule volubili, hirsuto. Willd. Sp. Pl.
Periploca with oval-pointed, hairy leaves: flowers in clusters: climbing, hairy stem. Willd. Sp. Pl.
Periploca with ovate-pointed hairy leaves: flowers corymbose: stem twining and hairy.
Periploca with oval-pointed hairy leaves: flowers grouped in clusters: stem twisting and hairy.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
2. The outer part of the flower.
3. The tubular section of the same detached.
4. The same spread is open.
5. One of the lobes of the nectary that surrounds the reproductive parts. 6. Seed buds, chives, and points, magnified.
The Periploca Africana is at present a rare plant to the gardens, although, according to Donn’s Catalogue, it has been introduced to this country as long ago as the year 1726. There are several figures of it among the older botanists, but not one that does it any justice, as an ornamental green-house plant, which it undoubtedly is, and continues in bloom almost from June till January.
The Periploca Africana is currently a rare plant in gardens, even though, according to Donn’s Catalogue, it was brought to this country as early as 1726. There are several illustrations of it in older botanical works, but none truly capture its beauty as an ornamental greenhouse plant, which it certainly is, and it remains in bloom from June to January.
Our figure represents the entire plant, just as we received it from Messrs. Whitley and Brames.
Our figure represents the whole plant, just as we got it from Messrs. Whitley and Brames.
PLATE DLVIII.
FERULA PERSICA.
Persian giant fennel.
CLASS V. ORDER II.
Class V. Order II.
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Five Chives. Two Pointals.
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Five Chives. Two Points.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Fructus ovalis, compresso-planus, striis utrinque 3.
Fructus oval, compressed-flat, with 3 stripes on each side.
Fruit oval, flatly compressed, with three stripes on both sides.
Fruit oval, flattened, with three stripes on each side.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Ferula foliis supra-decompositis: foliolis multifidis, decurrentibus: umbellâ primordiali sessili.
Rule with compound leaves above: leaflets deeply divided, extending downward: the primary umbel is stalkless.
Ferula with leaves more than doubly compound: leaflets many-cleft and decurrent: the first umbel of flowers sessile.
Ferula with leaves that are more than twice compound: leaflets deeply divided and extending downward: the first cluster of flowers is without a stalk.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
Plate reference.
2. A male flower or a flower that hasn't developed fully.
The pointals.
Assa fœtida grows naturally near Gilan in Persia; and from seeds sent from thence to the Academy at St. Petersburgh plants were obtained, two of which were sent to Dr. Hope at Edinburgh, by Dr. Guthrie, to whom they had been presented by Professor Pallas, in whose herbarium we have seen specimens of it, but without fructification. One of these plants flowered and ripened seeds in the Botanic Garden at Edinburgh, and is described by Dr. Hope in the lxxvth vol. of the Philosophical Transactions, and a figure annexed, the only one hitherto published of the species; the Assa fœtida of Kæmpfer being undoubtedly a different plant. Our specimens were obligingly communicated by Dr. Williams from the Botanic Garden at Oxford; which, with that of Edinburgh above mentioned, the Cambridge Garden, the Physic Gardens at Chelsea, and Mr. Dickson’s private collection at Croydon, are the only gardens in Britain, as we are informed, that yet possess the plant. The gum exudes from the roots, which are tuberous and perennial, on the slightest incision being made; and every part of the plant, even to the extremities of the leaves, smells strongly of it. It is hardy enough to bear our climate, and even ripen its seeds in mild seasons. It is not improbable that at a future time we may be furnished with this valuable article of the Materia Medica, of English growth. The long list of its virtues mentioned by Dr. Woodville we need not here enumerate; its reputation as a cordial for low spirits alone, in these days, entitles it to notice.
Assa fœtida grows naturally near Gilan in Persia. Seeds sent from there to the Academy in St. Petersburg resulted in plants, two of which were sent to Dr. Hope in Edinburgh by Dr. Guthrie, who received them from Professor Pallas. We have seen specimens in Pallas's herbarium, but they were not fruiting. One of these plants flowered and produced seeds in the Botanic Garden at Edinburgh, described by Dr. Hope in the 75th volume of the Philosophical Transactions, with an illustration attached, which is the only one published so far of this species; Kæmpfer’s Assa fœtida is definitely a different plant. Our specimens were kindly provided by Dr. Williams from the Botanic Garden at Oxford, along with those from Edinburgh, the Cambridge Garden, the Physic Gardens at Chelsea, and Mr. Dickson’s private collection in Croydon, which are the only gardens in Britain, as we have learned, that currently have the plant. The gum oozes from the tuberous, perennial roots with just a slight incision, and every part of the plant, even the tips of the leaves, smells strongly of it. It is hardy enough to survive our climate and can even ripen its seeds in mild seasons. It’s possible that in the future we may have this valuable addition to the Materia Medica grown in England. We need not list the long list of its benefits mentioned by Dr. Woodville; its reputation as a remedy for low spirits alone makes it noteworthy today.
PLATE DLIX.
CAMELLIA JAPONICA, semi-duplex.
Semidouble Camellia.
CLASS XVI. ORDER VI.
CLASS 16. ORDER 6.
MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. Threads united. Many Chives.
MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. Connected threads. Multiple chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Calyx imbricatus, polyphyllus: interioribus majoribus.
Calyx imbricatus, polyphyllus: larger interiors.
Empalement tiled, many-leaved: the inner ones the largest.
Impaling tiled, with many leaves: the inner ones are the biggest.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Camellia floribus semi-duplicibus, staminibus divergentibus in petalos.
Camellia with semi-double flowers, stamens spreading in the petals.
Camellia with semi-double flowers, the stamens growing into petals.
Camellia with semi-double flowers, where the stamens blend into the petals.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
2. The stamens developing into petals.
3. Seed-bud and pointals.
4. A cross-section of the seed bud.
This Camellia with semi-double flowers was communicated to us by Mr. Davey, nurseryman and florist in the King’s Road, Chelsea; who informs us it was a cutting from a plant brought by a gentleman from the coast of China, and regarded as distinct in its flowers from all those in cultivation with us. It certainly has a very different appearance; and as every variety in this short but splendid genus is particularly admired and sought after, this one, which possesses parts of its botanic character entire, will doubtless be considered by the amateurs of plants in general as a variety equally interesting.
This Camellia with semi-double flowers was brought to our attention by Mr. Davey, a nurseryman and florist on King’s Road, Chelsea. He tells us it came from a cutting taken from a plant brought over by a gentleman from the coast of China and is considered unique in its flowers compared to all those we currently cultivate. It definitely looks different, and since every variety in this short but beautiful genus is particularly appreciated and sought after, this one, which retains several of its botanical traits, will surely be seen by plant enthusiasts as equally interesting.
PLATE DLX.
VEREA ACUTIFLORA.
Pointed-flowered Verea.
CLASS VIII. ORDER IV.
Class 8, Order 4.
OCTANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. Eight Chives. Four Pointals.
OCTANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. Eight chives. Four pointals.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL UNIVERSAL CHARACTER.
Calyx 4-phyllus. Corolla hypocrateriformis, 4-fida: tubo ventricoso, Nectaria 4, ad basin germinum. Capsulæ 4, superæ, 1-loculares, polyspermæ.
Calyx 4-phyllus. The corolla is funnel-shaped and divided into 4 parts: the tube is swollen, with 4 nectar glands at the base of the ovaries. There are 4 capsules on top, each with 1 chamber and many seeds.
Empalement 4-leaved. Blossom funnel-shaped, 4-sided: tube bellied. Nectaries 4, at the base of the seed-buds. Capsules 4, above, one-celled, many-seeded.
Impaling 4-leaved. Flowers are funnel-shaped and have 4 sides: the tube is bulging. There are 4 nectar glands at the base of the seed buds. There are 4 capsules above, each one-celled and containing many seeds.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Verea foliis lato-lanceolatis, oppositis, crenatis, crassis: floribus paniculatis, terminalibus: corollis albentibus: laciniis oris acutissimis.
Verea has broad lance-shaped leaves that are opposite, serrated, and thick: with branched flowers at the ends: white corollas: and sharply pointed petal edges.
Verea with leaves broadly lance-shaped, opposite, scolloped, and thick. Flowers paniculated and terminal. Blossom whitish: segments of the border very pointed.
Verea has broad lance-shaped leaves that are opposite, scalloped, and thick. The flowers are arranged in panicles at the ends of the stems. The blossoms are whitish, with very pointed edges on the segments.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
A flower opened up.
3. Seedlings and flower buds.
4. Same magnified.
This new species of Verea flowered (we believe, for the first time in this country) in the collection of the Hon. C. Greville at Paddington, whence our drawing was taken. The foliage is compact, and rather handsome. The flowers are by no means specious; but, as it blossoms in the depth of winter, its rivals are but few. This considered, with the addition of its novelty, renders it a valuable acquisition to the hot-stove.
This new species of Verea flowered (we believe, for the first time in this country) in the collection of Hon. C. Greville at Paddington, where our drawing was made. The leaves are dense and quite attractive. The flowers are not particularly showy, but since it blooms in the middle of winter, it has few competitors. Given this, along with its uniqueness, it makes a valuable addition to the hot-stove.
PLATE DLXI.
XERANTHEMUM FRAGRANS.
Fragrant Xeranthemum.
CLASS XIX. ORDER II.
CLASS 19. ORDER 2.
SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. Tips united Superfluous.
SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA. Tips united Excessive.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Receptaculum paleaceum aut nudum. Pappus setaceus. Calyx imbricatus, radiatus: radio colorato.
Container paleaceum or bare. Pappus bristly. Calyx layered, radiating: with colored rays.
Receptacle chaffy, or naked. Feather bristly, Empalement tiled, rayed: the ray coloured.
Container chaffy or bare. Feather rough, the structure tiled, rayed: the ray colored.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Xeranthemum foliis undulatis, lanatis, apice reflexis: floribus parvis, odoratis, terminalibus: radiis calycis exterioribus rubris: radio interiore albo.
Xeranthemum with wavy, woolly leaves that are curled at the tips: small, fragrant flowers at the ends: the outer calyx rays are red: the inner ray is white.
Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.
Cape of Good Hope Habitat.
Xeranthemum with waved woolly leaves reflexed at the point: flowers small, sweet-scented and terminal: the outer rays of the empalement red, the inner one white.
Xeranthemum with wavy woolly leaves that bend back at the tips: flowers small, fragrant, and at the end of the stems: the outer petals of the cluster are red, while the inner ones are white.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
2. A scale from the inner ray.
3. A disk flower.
This little Xeranthemum is a native of the Cape, perfectly new, and very sweet-scented. As fragrance is very unusual in this fine tribe of plants, we have on that account considered it as a good specific title. It was introduced to the Clapham gardens about the year 1803; and as we have not seen it since that period, we are inclined to think it is not at present in this country. In the herbarium of A. B. Lambert, esq. we found a fine native specimen of an unnamed species very much resembling our plant, but with a profusion of flowers—a habit which ours would in all probability have assumed as soon as it had been familiarized to the change of climate.
This little Xeranthemum is native to the Cape, completely new, and has a lovely scent. Since fragrance is quite rare in this wonderful group of plants, we've decided it deserves a special name. It was introduced to the Clapham gardens around the year 1803, and since we haven’t seen it since then, we believe it’s currently not in this country. In A. B. Lambert's herbarium, we found a beautiful native specimen of an unnamed species that closely resembles our plant, but with a lot more flowers—a trait ours would likely have adopted once it got used to the climate change.
PLATE DLXII.
CYNANCHUM BICOLOR.
Two-colored Cynanchum.
CLASS V. ORDER II.
Class V. Order II.
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Five Chives. Two Pointals.
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Five chives. Two pointals.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Essential Generic Character.
Contorta. Nectarium cylindricum, quinque-dentatum.
Contorta. Nectarium cylindricum, five-toothed.
Contorted. Honey-cup cylindrical, five-toothed.
Contorted. Honey-cup cylinder, five teeth.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Cynanchum foliis cordatis, acutis, pilosis: floribus in umbellis proliferis: corollis bicoloribus: petalis ad basin hirsutis: caule volubili.
Cynanchum has heart-shaped, sharp, hairy leaves: flowers in branched clusters: bicolor corollas: petals hairy at the base: with a twining stem.
Cynanchum with heart-shaped, pointed, hairy leaves: flowers grow in proliferous umbels: blossoms two-coloured: petals hirsute at the base: stem twining.
Cynanchum has heart-shaped, pointed, hairy leaves: flowers grow in clusters: blossoms are two-colored: petals are hairy at the base: the stem is twisting.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
A flower bloomed. 3. The parts of fruiting enlarged.
4. The seed-bud, stem, top, and chives.
Same magnified.
This Cynanchum is, we believe, a perfectly new species, and continues to flower during the summer and autumnal months, running to a great length. In that, as well as in other particulars, it bears a considerable resemblance to the Cynanchum extensum of Jacquin’s Icones, but is far superior to that species from its petals being enlivened with a rich purple spot, a slight tinge of which is even visible on the smallest buds. There is an abundant succession of bloom, and the flowers appear to expand with freedom. Our drawing was made last August from a fine plant in the hot-stove of the Countess de Vandes.
This Cynanchum is, we think, a completely new species, and it continues to bloom during the summer and fall months, growing quite long. In that regard, as well as in other aspects, it resembles the Cynanchum extensum from Jacquin’s Icones, but it is much better than that species because its petals have a beautiful rich purple spot, which can even be seen as a hint of color on the smallest buds. There is a continuous supply of blooms, and the flowers seem to open up freely. Our drawing was made last August from a beautiful plant in the hot-stove of the Countess de Vandes.
PLATE DLXIII.
MIMOSA ELEGANS.
Chic Mimosa.
CLASS XXIII. ORDER I.
CLASS 23. ORDER 1.
POLYGAMIA MONŒCIA. Various Dispositions upon one Plant.
POLYGAMY MONŒCIA. Different Arrangements on a Single Plant.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Hermaph. Calyx 5-dentatus. Corolla 5-fida. Stamina 5, sive plura. Pistillum 1, legumen.
Intersex. Calyx with 5 teeth. Corolla split into 5 parts. 5 or more stamens. One pistil, forming a pod.
Mascul. Calyx 5-dentatus. Corolla 5-fida. Stamina 5-10, sive plura.
Masculine. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla 5-parted. Stamens 5-10, or more.
Hermaph. Empalement 5-toothed. Blossom 5-cleft. Chives 5 or more. Pointal 1, a pod.
Intersex. 5-toothed spines. Blossom with 5 clefts. Chives have 5 or more. One pointal, a pod.
Male. Empalement 5-toothed. Blossom 5-cleft. Chives 5-10, or more.
Male. 5-toothed empalement. 5-cleft blossom. 5-10 chives, or more.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Mimosa frutescens, inermis: ramis verrucosis foliis bipinnatis, pennis propriis 8-ad 9-jugis, partialibus 20-ad 24-jugis, cum impari ad imum minore; spicis axillaribus oblongis divaricatis.
Mimosa cocktail frutescens, inermis: with warty branches and twice pinnate leaves, with 8 to 9 pairs of leaflets and 20 to 24 pairs of partial leaflets, with the smaller ones at the bottom; with elongated axillary spikes that spread out.
Mimosa shrubby, unarmed: with warty branches: leaves doubly winged, the first of 8 or 9 pairs, the second of 20 to 24 with a small odd leaflet at the bottom: spikes of flowers axillary, oblong, and divaricate.
Mimosa cocktail is a bushy plant with no thorns and warty branches. Its leaves are twice compound, with the first set having 8 or 9 pairs and the second set having 20 to 24, along with a small extra leaflet at the bottom. The flowers grow in spikes, which are located in the axils, and they are long and spread out.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
3. The same view from the inside, with one tip enlarged.
4. The seed bud and point, top enlarged.
Mimosa elegans is one of the handsomest of the family that yet been introduced from New Holland, and very rare, being at this time in no other private collection in this country, but that of A. B. Lambert, esq. from whom we received our specimens; and in whose conservatory it is now in full flower, his plant being about ten feet high and very much branched, with profusion of flowers. It is hardly possible to express the extreme delicacy of the blossoms. The stamens are united (monadelphous) towards the base, and are above two hundred in a single flower. What an apparatus for the impregnation of a single stigma!
Mimosa cocktail elegans is one of the most beautiful plants from this family that has been introduced from New Holland, and it’s quite rare, currently found in no other private collection in the country except for that of A. B. Lambert, Esq., from whom we received our specimens. In his conservatory, it is now in full bloom, with his plant standing about ten feet tall and very well branched, covered in a stunning array of flowers. It’s nearly impossible to convey the delicate beauty of the blossoms. The stamens are fused together (monadelphous) at the base, with over two hundred in a single flower. What a remarkable setup for fertilizing a single stigma!
From what we have already seen of the beautiful and interesting plants of this country, cultivators will do well to give them as much both of pot and branch room as their houses will afford; as well for the health of the plant as to advantage the size of its fine foliage, of which the circumscribed scale of our work would only allow us to represent one half.
From what we've already observed about the beautiful and fascinating plants in this country, gardeners should make sure to provide them with as much space in pots and branches as their homes can accommodate. This is important for the health of the plants and will also enhance the size of their lovely leaves, which our limited work can only partially depict.
PLATE DLXIV.
IXIA CURTA.
Short Ixia.
CLASS III. ORDER I.
CLASS III. ORDER I.
TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Three Chives. One Pointal.
TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Three Chives. One Stamen.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Corolla 6-petala, patens, æqualis. Stigmata tria erectiuscula, patula.
Corolla with 6 petals, open, and symmetrical. Three slightly upright, spreading stigmas.
Blossom six petals, spreading and equal. Summits three, nearly upright, and spreading.
Bloom six petals, evenly spread and equal. Three peaks, almost upright and spreading.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Ixia foliis falcatis: floribus alternis, tri-coloribus: caule humili.
Ixia with curved leaves: flowers arranged alternately, in three colors: with a short stem.
Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.
Cape of Good Hope Habitat.
Ixia with scimitar-shaped leaves: flowers alternate, and three-coloured. Stem low.
Ixia has scimitar-shaped leaves, with alternating flowers that are three-colored. The stem is short.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REF TO THE PLATE.
A flower opened up. 3. Seed-bud and pointal, enlarged summit.
This new species of Ixia was delineated from a plant in the collection of J. Vere, esq. the summer before last, and although low in stature is certainly high in beauty, and surpassed by very few of loftier growth. It flowers about the middle of April, and requires the same treatment as most other Cape species.
This new species of Ixia was identified from a plant in the collection of J. Vere, Esq. the summer before last, and although it’s short in height, it is definitely high in beauty, outshining just about any taller varieties. It blooms around mid-April and needs the same care as most other Cape species.
PLATE DLXV.
RUTA LINIFOLIA.
Flax-leaved Rue.
CLASS X. ORDER I.
CLASS 10. ORDER 1.
DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ten Chives. One Pointal.
DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ten chives. One pistil.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Calyx 5-partitus. Petala concava. Receptaculum punctis melliferis decem cinctum. Capsula lobata.
Calyx 5-parted. Petals are concave. The receptacle is surrounded by ten honey-producing points. The capsule is lobed.
Empalement 5-parted. Petals concave. Receptacle beset with ten honey-bearing points. Capsule lobed.
Impaling 5-parted. Petals curved inward. Receptacle covered with ten nectar-producing points. Capsule divided into lobes.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Ruta foliis simplicibus, lanceolatis, glabris: filamentis ciliatis: caule simplici, herbaceo.
Route with simple, lance-shaped, smooth leaves; with fringed filaments; having a single, herbaceous stem.
Habitat in Hispania.
Habitat in Spain.
Ruta linifolia. Willd. Sp. Pl.
Ruta linifolia. Willd. Sp. Pl.
Rue with simple leaves, lance-shaped and smooth: threads ciliated. Stem simple and herbaceous.
Regret with straightforward leaves, lance-shaped and smooth: fringed threads. Stem is simple and herbaceous.
Native of Spain.
From Spain.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
2. Impalement, chives, and needle.
A chive. 4. The empalement, seed bud, and pointal.
The Ruta linifolia is a new plant to the gardens, and we believe is not at present in any other collection but that of Cambridge, where it was raised from seed by Mr. Donn. It is a handsome little herbaceous shrub, and requires the protection of the green-house to preserve it in this climate. Flowers in September and October.
The Ruta linifolia is a new plant in the gardens, and we believe it is currently not in any other collection except for Cambridge, where it was grown from seed by Mr. Donn. It’s a lovely little herbaceous shrub and needs the protection of a greenhouse to survive in this climate. It blooms in September and October.
PLATE DLXVI.
CALLICOMA SERRATIFOLIA.
Sawed-leaf Callicoma.
CLASS XI. ORDER II.
CLASS 11. ORDER 2.
DODECANDRIA DIGYNIA. Stamens 11 to 19. Styles 2.
DODECANDRIA DIGYNIA. 11 to 19 stamens. 2 styles.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Generic character.
Flores in capitulis subrotundis, pedunculatis; involucro sub 4-phyllo. Calyx 4-5-phyllus, foliolis lanceolatis. Corolla O. Stamina 11-19, calyce triplo longiora, e receptaculo. Styli 2, filiformes: stigmate simplici: germen superum, monoloculare, polyspermum.
Flowers in rounded, stalked clusters; involucre with about 4 leaves. Calyx with 4-5 leaves, lance-shaped. Corolla O. Stamens 11-19, three times longer than the calyx, from the receptacle. Styles 2, slender: with a simple stigma: ovary on top, single-chambered, with many seeds.
Flowers in little round heads, upon footstalks; with an involucre of about 4 leaves. Calyx of 4 or 5 leaves, the leaflets lanced. Blossom none. Stamens from 11 to 19, thrice as long as the calyx, growing from the receptacle. Styles 2, thread-shaped. Stigma simple. Germen above, 1-celled, and many-seeded.
Blooms with small round heads on stems; surrounded by about 4 leaves. The calyx has 4 or 5 leaves, and the leaflets are elongated. No blossoms. There are 11 to 19 stamens, which are three times the length of the calyx, emerging from the base. There are 2 thread-like styles. The stigma is simple. The ovary is positioned above, has 1 chamber, and is filled with many seeds.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
2. The same spread opened up, with one tip enlarged.
The seed bud and pointals.
The same enlarged.
Callicoma serratifolia is a native of New South Wales, and has now for several years in some choice collections adorned the green-house and conservatory in early spring with its fine heads of flowers; but to whom we are indebted for its first introduction we are uncertain. Some botanists have considered it as a congener of Forster’s Codia, to which it has certainly a considerable affinity; but as we cannot exactly see the propriety of coupling an apetalous flower having so many stamens with one that is penta-petalous and octandrous, and of which we have no description of the germen or fruit; and there being great probability that more plants of this family may be discovered in the vast tracts of New Holland yet unexplored, we have rather chose to describe it as distinct, than to excuse ourselves by leaving it to be separated at some future period and create more changes of names, a circumstance always to be deprecated and avoided as much as possible by Naturalists. Callicoma is a middle-sized shrub with the leaves finely cottony and whitish on the under side, and has considerable beauty even when out of blossom. It is propagated by layers.
Callicoma serratifolia is native to New South Wales and has been a highlight in select collections for several years, bringing beautiful flower clusters to greenhouses and conservatories in early spring. However, we're unsure who first introduced it. Some botanists have linked it to Forster’s Codia, which it resembles quite a bit. But since it doesn’t make sense to categorize a flower without petals that has so many stamens with one that has five petals and eight stamens, and since we don’t have a description of its germ or fruit, we believe it's better to treat it as a distinct species. There’s also a strong chance that more plants from this family might be found in the vast unexplored regions of New Holland. We prefer to describe it as unique rather than leave it for later classification, which could lead to more name changes—a situation that naturalists generally try to avoid. Callicoma is a medium-sized shrub with leaves that are soft and fuzzy on the underside, and it is quite attractive even when it's not in bloom. It can be propagated by layering.
PLATE DLXVII.
CERATONIA SILIQUA.
Ceratonia with pods.
CLASS XXIII. ORDER II.
CLASS 23. ORDER 2.
POLYGAMIA DIŒCIA. Many Nuptials on separate Plants.
POLYGAMIA DIŒCIA. Many weddings on different plants.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Generic Character.
Hermaph. Calyx 5-partitus. Corolla 0. Stamina 5-8. Stylus filiformis. Stigma capitatum. Legumen coriaceum, pulpâ plenum, polyspermum.
Intersex. Calyx with 5 parts. Corolla 0. Stamina 5-8. Filiform style. Capitate stigma. Legume leathery, filled with pulp, and polysemous.
Hermaph. Empalement 5-parted. Blossom none. Chives 5 to 8. Shaft thread-shaped. Summit headed. Pod leathery, full of pulp, and many-seeded.
Intersex. Split into 5 sections. No blossom. Chives 5 to 8. Stem is thread-like. Top is rounded. Pod is leathery, filled with pulp, and contains many seeds.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
2. A dry pod slightly opened, with one seed coming loose.
Instead of a new plant, we here submit to our readers one that according to the Kew Catalogue has been an inhabitant of our gardens 239 years: but neither Mr. Alton nor Mr. Miller had ever seen it blossom, nor during all this long period have we any account of its flowering in this country. Its male flowers however appeared in the Cambridge Botanic Garden the beginning of last February, and from a specimen communicated by Mr. Donn to A. B. Lambert, esq. the present drawing was taken. Mr. Donn’s plant was between 4 and 5 feet high, moderately branched, and had the same treatment as his other green-house shrubs. We are uncertain whether the hermaphrodite or female plant be yet in this country; but as the propagation is principally from seed, we think it is very probable. The stamens in our specimen vary in number, being commonly 5, sometimes 6, and more rarely 8. The fruit is added from a dried legume in the Lambertian collection, which was sent from Spain by the late Abbé Cavanilles, who in his Icones Plantarum, vol. 2. p. 8. and tab. 113. (in addition to what was formerly known of the Ceratonia) informs us, that it grows spontaneously on little hills and dry fields in Valencia, and is yet more impatient of cold and moisture than the olive, vast numbers being sometimes killed there by the frost in severe winters. It is in this province also, that the principal cultivation of this useful plant in Spain is situated. The propagation is from seeds, and the diœcious plants are always selected in preference to the hermaphrodites, being better bearers. Some of the more skilful cultivators engraft a male bough upon their female plants for their impregnation, and by this means have no sterile plants in their collections. They flower twice a year, first in February, and again more plentifully in August and September; which is also the time of the fruit’s ripening, and the trees are seen at the same time adorned with blossoms, and laden with ripe fruit. Eighty pounds of legumes are sometimes collected from a single tree. They are known to be mature by their putting on a chesnut colour, and are then beaten from the trees by canes of the Arundo Donax from 16 to 20 feet long, with part of their crooked roots left, which serve as hooks. Rain is said to be beneficial to the ripe fruits, and even to improve them after they are laid in heaps on the ground. They are finally dried and stored up in barns for use. The cultivators enumerate three varieties, which they call Melars, Llandars, and Costelluts. The last they distinguish by having larger leaves and of a deeper green, with legumes often a foot long, but with little solidity or sweetness; the second has shorter legumes, but more solid and very sweet; the leaves also are shorter. The first are called Melars (quasi Melleas) from Mel honey, of which the fruit contains small drops, and sometimes in such abundance that it distils upon the ground, and is fed upon by the bees. The fruits are the principal food of the cattle in the province of Valencia, and also form part of the sustenance of the poor people. The leaves are used in the preparation of leather. Monsieur Olivier also informs us in his Travels in the Ottoman Empire, that the Carob-tree grows all over the Island of Crete, and delights most in stony grounds and the clefts of rocks; that the fruits are conveyed thence to Constantinople, to Syria and Egypt, and serve for food to the poor and to children. They are also an ingredient in the sherbets of which the Mussulmans make daily use.
Instead of introducing a new plant, we present one that, according to the Kew Catalogue, has been part of our gardens for 239 years: however, neither Mr. Alton nor Mr. Miller had ever seen it bloom, and there have been no records of its flowering in this country during all this time. Its male flowers did appear in the Cambridge Botanic Garden at the beginning of last February, and the current drawing was made from a specimen provided by Mr. Donn to A. B. Lambert, Esq. Mr. Donn's plant was between 4 and 5 feet tall, moderately branched, and received the same care as his other greenhouse shrubs. We are unsure if the hermaphrodite or female plant is in this country yet; however, since propagation mainly happens from seeds, it seems likely. The stamens in our specimen vary in number, usually 5, sometimes 6, and rarely 8. The fruit is taken from a dried legume in the Lambertian collection, which was sent from Spain by the late Abbé Cavanilles, who in his Icones Plantarum, vol. 2. p. 8. and tab. 113. (in addition to what was previously known about the Ceratonia) informs us that it grows naturally on small hills and dry fields in Valencia, and is more sensitive to cold and moisture than the olive, with many being killed by frost during harsh winters. This province is also the main area for cultivating this useful plant in Spain. Propagation occurs from seeds, and dioecious plants are preferred over hermaphrodites because they produce better yields. Some skilled cultivators graft a male branch onto their female plants for pollination, ensuring all plants in their collections are productive. They bloom twice a year, first in February and then more abundantly in August and September, which is also when the fruit ripens, so the trees are seen simultaneously covered in blossoms and heavy with ripe fruit. Up to eighty pounds of legumes can sometimes be collected from a single tree. They are identified as mature by their chestnut color and are then harvested from the trees using canes made from Arundo Donax that are 16 to 20 feet long, with part of their crooked roots left on to act as hooks. Rain is said to help improve the ripe fruits, even enhancing them after they are piled on the ground. They are finally dried and stored in barns for use. The cultivators recognize three varieties, called Melars, Llandars, and Costelluts. The last is distinguished by its larger, deeper green leaves and legumes that can be up to a foot long, but are less solid and sweet; the second has shorter, sturdier, and very sweet legumes; its leaves are also shorter. The first, known as Melars (quasi Melleas), is named from Mel honey, which the fruit contains in small drops, sometimes so abundantly that it drips to the ground and attracts bees. The fruits are a primary food source for cattle in the province of Valencia and also serve as sustenance for the local poor. The leaves are used in leather production. Monsieur Olivier also tells us in his Travels in the Ottoman Empire that the Carob tree grows throughout the Island of Crete, thriving in rocky soils and crevices; the fruits are transported from there to Constantinople, Syria, and Egypt, providing food for the poor and children. They are also used as an ingredient in the sherbets that Muslims consume daily.
PLATE DLXVIII.
LIPARIA SPHÆRICA.
Round-headed Liparia.
CLASS XVII. ORDER IV.
CLASS XVII. ORDER IV.
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Two Brotherhoods. Ten Chives.
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Two Brotherhoods. Ten Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Essential Generic Character.
Calyx quinquefidus, lacinia infima elongata. Corollæ alæ inferius bilobæ. Filamenta alternatim breviora. Legumen polyspermum.
Calyx quinquefidus, lower lobe elongated. The petals have two lobes at the bottom. Filaments are alternately shorter. The pod is multi-seeded.
Calyx 5-cleft, the lower segment very long. Wings of the blossom two-lobed on the lower side. Chives alternately shorter. Pod many-seeded.
Calyx with 5 segments, the lower part is very long. The flower's wings are split into two on the bottom side. Chives are alternately shorter. The pod contains many seeds.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Liparia floribus capitatis; foliis lanceolatis, nervosis, glabris. Willd. Sp. Pl. vol. iii.
Liparia with head-like flowers; leaves lance-shaped, veined, and smooth. Willd. Sp. Pl. vol. iii.
Liparia with flowers in heads; the leaves lance-shaped, nerved, and smooth.
Liparia with flower clusters; the leaves are lance-shaped, veined, and smooth.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
The impalement.
A flower bloomed. The chives. 5. The same spread is open.
6. Seed bud and point. 7. A rear view of the flower heads.
Africa has long been celebrated as the land of wonders and novelties, and its vegetable as well as animal productions well entitle it to that character. The beauty and astonishing variety of ever-varying Geraniums, delicate Ixias, elegant Ericas, superb Amaryllises, and magnificent Proteas, received from the Cape of Good Hope alone within these few years, and many of them totally unknown before, have given to our gardens that splendour and perpetual novelty which justly make them the admiration of the world. What still more enhances the pleasure is, that the mine is yet unexhausted, as our present charming subject, not before enumerated in any of our catalogues of cultivated plants will testify. Mr. Milne, gardener at Fonthill, well known for his zeal and skill in the cultivation of rare plants, obligingly communicated the specimens. Having forwarded the first a little too early, being struck with the singular beauty, and not knowing the habits of the plant, a fortnight after he forwarded a third specimen fully expanded, from which the figure is taken. Mr. Milne informs us, that he raised the Liparia from Cape seeds some years ago, and has kept it in the conservatory, where it is now in blossom. The plant is branchy, and between four and five feet in height. He thinks he possesses two more new species of the genus raised at the same time, which have not yet blossomed with him.
Africa has long been celebrated as a land of wonders and unique features, and its plant and animal life truly deserves this label. The incredible beauty and variety of ever-changing Geraniums, delicate Ixias, elegant Ericas, stunning Amaryllises, and magnificent Proteas received from the Cape of Good Hope in recent years—many of which were previously unknown—have added to our gardens with a brilliance and constant freshness that justly make them the envy of the world. What makes this even more enjoyable is that there are still untapped resources, as our current delightful subject, which hasn't been listed in any of our catalogs of cultivated plants, will show. Mr. Milne, a gardener at Fonthill known for his enthusiasm and expertise in growing rare plants, kindly shared the specimens. After sending the first one a bit too early because he was captivated by its unique beauty and unsure of the plant's habits, he sent a third specimen fully bloomed a fortnight later, which is the source of the illustration. Mr. Milne tells us he raised the Liparia from Cape seeds several years ago and has kept it in the conservatory, where it is currently in bloom. The plant is branched and stands about four to five feet tall. He believes he has two more new species of the genus that he raised at the same time, which he hasn't yet seen bloom.
PLATE DLXIX.
CEANOTHUS LANIGER.
Woolly Ceanothus.
CLASS V. ORDER I.
CLASS V. ORDER I.
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Five Chives. One Pointal.
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Five Chives. One Pistil.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Petala 5, saccata. Bacca sicca, 3-locularis, 3-sperma.
Petal 5, sack-shaped. Dry fruit, 3-chambered, 3-seed.
Petals 5, bagged. Berry dry, three-celled, three-seeded.
Petals 5, bagged. Berry dry, with three cells and three seeds.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Ceanothus foliis oblongo-lanceolatis, integerrimis, subtus lanuginosis; ramulis, pedunculis, petiolis, calycibusque hirsutis.
California lilac with elongated lance-shaped leaves, completely smooth, with a woolly underside; twigs, flower stems, leaf stalks, and calyces are hairy.
Ceanothus with the leaves oblong-lanced, entire, and woolly beneath; the branches, footstalks, flowerstalks, and calyxes hairy.
Ceanothus has elongated, lance-shaped leaves that are smooth on the edges and fuzzy underneath; the branches, leaf stems, flower stalks, and calyxes are hairy.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
To New Holland we export criminals for our convenience and safety, and from thence import furs for our covering and flowers for our amusement. So far the balance of trade is in our favour. But by whose hands, or at what time, our present subject was first brought over, we have not been able to learn. The specimen was communicated by A. B. Lambert, esq. in the beginning of April from his collection at Boyton, and we have also seen the plant very finely in flower at Mr. Whitley’s nursery, Brompton. Its woolly leaves and branches, contrasted with the Mimosas and other hard-leaved plants from the same country, make an agreeable variety, and the early blossoms are very ornamental. The plants we have seen are moderate-sized branchy shrubs, are kept in the green-house like other New Holland plants, and require no particular treatment. We have seen more species from the same country in herbariums, and some are now alive in this country, although they have not yet blossomed.
To New Holland, we send criminals for our convenience and safety, and from there, we import furs for warmth and flowers for enjoyment. So far, the trade balance is in our favor. However, we haven’t been able to find out who first brought our current subject here or when that happened. A. B. Lambert, Esq. shared the specimen in early April from his collection at Boyton, and we’ve also seen the plant beautifully in bloom at Mr. Whitley’s nursery in Brompton. Its fuzzy leaves and branches, in contrast to the Mimosas and other tough-leaved plants from the same region, create a nice variety, and the early flowers are quite decorative. The plants we’ve observed are moderately sized, branching shrubs, kept in the greenhouse like other New Holland plants, and need no special care. We’ve seen more species from the same area in herbaria, and some are currently alive in this country, although they haven’t flowered yet.
PLATE DLXX.
JUSTICIA NITIDA.
Shiny-leaved Justicia.
CLASS II. ORDER I.
CLASS II. ORDER I.
DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Two Chives. One Pointal.
DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Two Chives. One Pistil.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Calyx simplex seu duplex. Corolla 1-petala, irregularis. Capsula ungue elastico dissiliens: dissepimentum contrarium; adnatum.
Calyx simple or double. Corolla 1-petal, irregular. Capsule with elastic claw breaking apart: opposite septum; attached.
Empalement simple or double. Blossom one-petalled, irregular. Capsule splitting with an elastic claw: partition contrary to the valve; affixed.
Impaling simple or double. Blossom with one petal, irregular. Capsule splits open with an elastic claw: partition opposite the valve; attached.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER
PARTICULAR CHARACTER
Justicia fruticosa: foliis ellipticis, acuminatis: racemis spicæformibus, verticillatis: bracteis minutis: pedicellis calycibusque glabris.
Justice fruticosa: with elliptical, pointed leaves: racemes shaped like spikes, in whorls: with tiny bracts: pedicels and calyces smooth.
Swartz. Flora Indiæ occidentalis.
Swartz. Flora of Western India.
Habitat in insulis Jamaicæ, S. Christophori, Martiniquæ, S. Crucis, et Guadalupæ.
Habitat in the islands of Jamaica, St. Kitts, Martinique, St. Croix, and Guadeloupe.
Justicia with a shrubby stem: leaves elliptic and pointed: raceme in the form of a spike, whorled: floral leaves small: footstalks and calyx smooth.
Justice has a bushy stem: leaves that are oval and pointed: the flower arrangement is spike-like and whorled: the flower leaves are small: the stems and calyx are smooth.
Native of Jamaica, St. Christopher, Martinique, St. Croix, and Guadaloupe.
Native of Jamaica, St. Kitts, Martinique, St. Croix, and Guadeloupe.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
The capsule. 4. The same split opened.
Of this species of Justicia the only figure extant that we know of is a very indifferent representation of it in Sloane’s Jamaica, evidently from a dried specimen. The fine glossy character of the foliage has furnished it with a specific title. The flowers are abundant in succession, but, like most of this genus, of a deciduous or short-lived character. It was introduced to the British gardens, according to Donn’s Catalogue, in 1793, Our drawing was made from a plant brought from the West Indies by Lord Seaforth, which flowered in August 1808 in the hot-stove of A. B. Lambert, esq.
Of this species of Justicia, the only existing figure we know of is a rather poor depiction in Sloane’s Jamaica, clearly based on a dried specimen. The glossy appearance of the leaves has given it a specific name. The flowers are produced abundantly but, like most in this genus, are short-lived. It was introduced to British gardens, according to Donn’s Catalogue, in 1793. Our drawing was made from a plant brought from the West Indies by Lord Seaforth, which bloomed in August 1808 in the hot-stove of A. B. Lambert, Esq.
PLATE DLXXI.
SIDA PATENS.
Distributing Sida.
CLASS XVI. ORDER VIII.
CLASS 16. ORDER 8.
MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. Threads united. Many Chives.
MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. Connected threads. Multiple Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Calyx simplex. Stylus multipartitus. Capsulæ plures, mono-seu tri-spermæ.
Calyx simplex. Stylus multipartitus. Multiple capsules, either one- or three-seeded.
Calyx simple. Pointal many-parted. Seed-vessels many, one-or three-seeded.
Calyx simple. Pointed and divided into many parts. Seed pods are numerous, containing one to three seeds each.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Sida foliis cordatis, dentatis, longè acuminatis, leviter pubescentibus; pedunculis solitariis petiolis longioribus; corollis patentibus; stylis quinquepartitis; capsulis quinque, birostratis.
Sida with heart-shaped, jagged leaves that are long and pointed, slightly hairy; solitary flower stalks longer than the leaf stems; open petals; styles divided into five parts; five capsules with two beaks.
Sida with heart-shaped, toothed, long-pointed, and slightly woolly leaves; solitary flower-stalks longer than the footstalks; spreading corollas, five-parted styles, and five two-beaked capsules.
Sida with heart-shaped, serrated, long-pointed, and slightly fuzzy leaves; single flower stalks that are longer than the footstalks; spreading petals, five-part styles, and five two-beaked seed pods.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
2. The chives spread out, one tip enlarged.
3. Seed bud and point.
Another African novelty introduced by Viscount Valentia in 1806 from Abyssinia; and from specimens obligingly communicated by him from his gardens at Arly the drawing is taken. From the seeds already introduced by his Lordship from that yet unexplored, and hitherto almost inaccessible country, and from the connexions he is now endeavouring to establish there, Mr. Salt, who travelled in his Lordship’s suite, being now dispatched on an embassy to the King of that country at Gondar, we may soon hope to have a few more specimens of its vegetable productions; at present as imperfectly known as the sources of the Nile, which have eluded the researches of philosophers above two thousand years.
Another African novelty introduced by Viscount Valentia in 1806 from Ethiopia; and the drawing is based on specimens kindly provided by him from his gardens in Arly. From the seeds already brought in by his Lordship from that still unexplored and almost unreachable region, and from the connections he’s now trying to establish there, Mr. Salt, who traveled with his Lordship, is now sent on a mission to the King of that area in Gondar. We can soon hope to have a few more examples of its plant life; at present, they are as poorly understood as the sources of the Nile, which have eluded the explorations of scholars for over two thousand years.
Sida patens, in the natural arrangement of the genus, should be placed next to Sida reflexa of Cavanilles and Willdenow.
Sida patens, in the natural classification of the genus, should be positioned next to Sida reflexa by Cavanilles and Willdenow.
PLATE DLXXII.
PROTEA SALIGNA.
Willow-leaved Protea.
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Four Chives. One Pointal.
TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Four Chives. One Pistil.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
BASIC GENERIC CHARACTER.
Corolla 4-fida, seu 4-petala. Antheræ lineares, petalis infra apices insertæ. Calyx proprius, nullus. Semina solitaria.
Corolla 4-parted, or 4-petaled. Linear anthers, inserted beneath the tips of the petals. True calyx, none. Seeds solitary.
Blossom four-cleft, or of four petals. Tips linear, inserted into the petals below the points. Cup proper, none. Seeds solitary.
Bloom with four segments, or four petals. Tips are narrow, attached below the points of the petals. No proper cup. Seeds are individual.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Protea foliis obliquis, lanceolatis, pubescentibus: capitulis oblongis, involucratis, terminalibus.
Protea with slanted, lance-shaped leaves that are hairy: with elongated, wrapped flower heads at the tips.
Feminei flores ramos terminant cum cono ovato magnitudine pisi, involucro bicolori circumdato.
Females have flowers that end in an oval cone, about the size of a pea, surrounded by a two-colored wrapper.
Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.
Habitat at Cape of Good Hope.
Protea with oblique, lance-shaped, hairy leaves: heads of flowers oblong, involucrated, and terminal.
Protea with slanted, lance-shaped, fuzzy leaves; flower heads are elongated, surrounded, and located at the end.
Female flowers terminate the branches with an ovate cone about the size of a pea, surrounded by a two-coloured involucrum.
Female flowers end the branches with an oval cone about the size of a pea, surrounded by a two-colored bract.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
Reference to the plate.
2. Seed bud and pointal, enlarged summit.
3. A section of a flower head from the female plant.
4. Seed bud and stigma, enlarged.
Protea saligna, in the Species Plantarum of Linnæus, is considered as only a variety of P. conifera, but is certainly specifically distinct in its foliage, however resembling in other particulars. Finding, soon after we had made our drawing, a female plant in fine bloom, we have annexed a branch of it on the same plate, to elucidate as much as possible the apparent confusion that at present seems to pervade this section of the Genus Protea. The P. saligna of Thunberg, enumerated by Willdenow, we have no doubt, describes the female specimen we have represented, the cone being there mentioned as about the size of a pea, and which exactly accords with our figure. The drawings were made from plants introduced to this country from the Cape of Good Hope, in the year 1806, by G. Hibbert, esq.
Protea saligna, as listed in Linnaeus's Species Plantarum, is regarded as just a variety of P. conifera, but it is definitely a distinct species based on its leaves, even though it shares some similarities with other aspects. Soon after we completed our drawing, we discovered a female plant in full bloom, and we’ve included a branch from it on the same plate to help clarify the confusion that currently seems to exist in this part of the Genus Protea. We believe that Thunberg's P. saligna, listed by Willdenow, describes the female specimen we have illustrated, as it mentions a cone about the size of a pea, which matches our illustration perfectly. The drawings were created from plants brought to this country from the Cape of Good Hope in 1806 by G. Hibbert, esq.
PLATE DLXXIII.
MAGNOLIA AURICULATA.
Ear-leaved Magnolia.
CLASS XIII. ORDER VII.
CLASS 13. ORDER 7.
POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Many Chives. Many Pointals.
POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Lots of Chives. Lots of Pointals.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Calyx 3-phyllus. Petala 6-12. Capsulæ 2-valves, imbricatæ. Semina baccata, pendula.
Calyx 3-leaved. Petals 6-12. Capsules 2-valved, overlapping. Seeds berry-like, hanging.
Cup 3-leaved. Petals 6-12. Capsules 2-valved, tiled. Seeds berried, pendulous.
Mug with 3 leaves. Petals 6-12. Capsules with 2 valves, arranged in a tile pattern. Seeds are berry-like and hanging.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Magnolia foliis obovato-lanceolatis, basi attenuatis, auritis, glabris, subtus glaucis.
Magnolia has obovate-lanceolate leaves that taper at the base, have ear-like lobes, are smooth on the surface, and are bluish-green underneath.
Habitat in America boreali.
Habitat in North America.
Magnolia with obovate lance-shaped leaves, attenuated towards the base, eared, smooth, and glaucous beneath.
Magnolia with oval, lance-shaped leaves that taper towards the base, are eared, smooth, and have a bluish-green underside.
Native of North America.
North American native.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
Amongst the finest hardy exotics that ornament the gardens, the Magnolias are eminently conspicuous. A fine species of that description our figure represents, drawn from a plant seven feet high in the nursery-ground of Messrs. Whitley and Brames, who inform me that it was sent to them from Maryland in North America, by Mr. Bartram, about the year 1793. It does not seed with us, as very few of the genus do; and when any of them appear to have ripened their seed perfectly, we understand they have very rarely if ever vegetated. This species is perfectly hardy, but is with difficulty raised by layers; which accounts for its being (after a period of sixteen years since its first introduction to this country) not so generally known as it deserves to be. It flowers in the month of May.
Among the best hardy exotic plants that decorate gardens, the Magnolias stand out clearly. Our illustration shows a beautiful species of that kind, taken from a plant seven feet tall in the nursery of Messrs. Whitley and Brames, who tell me it was sent to them from Maryland in North America by Mr. Bartram around 1793. It doesn’t produce seeds here, as very few of the genus do; and when any seem to have perfectly ripened their seeds, we understand they rarely, if ever, sprout. This species is fully hardy but is hard to propagate by layering, which explains why, after sixteen years since its first introduction to this country, it isn’t as widely known as it should be. It blooms in May.
PLATE DLXXIV.
PULTENÆA OBCORDATA.
Inversely Heart-shaped Pultenaea.
CLASS X. ORDER I.
CLASS X. ORDER I.
DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ten Chives. One Pointal.
DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ten Chives. One Style.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Calyx quinque-dentatus, utrinque appendiculatus. Corolla papilionacea, alis vexillo brevioribus. Legumen uniloculare, dispermum.
Calyx quinque-dentatus, with appendages on both sides. The corolla is butterfly-like, with wings shorter than the banner. The legume is unilocular, with two seeds.
Cup five-toothed, with an appendage on each side. Blossom butterfly-shaped, with the wings shorter than the standard. Pod of one cell, with two seeds.
Mug with five teeth, featuring an extension on each side. Blossom shaped like a butterfly, with wings that are shorter than usual. Pod containing one chamber, with two seeds.
See Pultenæa Daphnoides, Pl. XCVIII. Vol. II.
See Pultenæa Daphnoides, Pl. XCVIII. Vol. II.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Pultenæa foliis obcordatis, mucronatis, nitidis.
Pultenæa with heart-shaped, pointed, glossy leaves.
Pultenæa with inversely heart-shaped leaves, mucronated, and shining.
Pultenaea with heart-shaped leaves that point downwards, have a sharp tip, and are glossy.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
Plate reference.
The flag.
One of the wings. 4. The two petals of the keel.
5. The chives and pointal, with one tip enlarged.
Seed-bud and point.
This nondescript species of Pultenæa is a native of New Holland, and was discovered on Van Diemen’s Land by Mr. Littlejohn, one of the residents on Governor Collins’s settlement. It possesses lively yellow flowers, and singularly obcordate leaves, and is a handsome addition to the genus Pultenæa, of which it is a genuine member, having the two little appendages on the cup, the principal (although trivial) leading feature that characterizes the genus. Our drawing was made from a specimen communicated by A. B. Lambert, esq. with whom it has flowered for the first time in this country.
This plain species of Pultenæa is native to Australia and was found on Tasmania by Mr. Littlejohn, who lived in Governor Collins’s settlement. It has bright yellow flowers and uniquely heart-shaped leaves, making it a beautiful addition to the Pultenæa genus, as it genuinely belongs to it, having the two small appendages on the cup, which is the main (though minor) defining feature of the genus. Our drawing was created from a specimen provided by A. B. Lambert, esq., where it has bloomed for the first time in this country.
PLATE DLXXV.
MARTYNIA DIANDRA.
Diandrous Martynia.
CLASS XIV. ORDER II.
CLASS XIV. ORDER II.
DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. Two Chives longer. Seeds covered.
DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. Two longer chives. Seeds are covered.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Calyx 5-fidus. Corolla ringens. Capsula lignosa, corticata, rostro hamata, 4-locularis, 4-valvis.
Calyx 5-fidus. The flower has a flared corolla. The capsule is woody, covered with bark, has a hooked beak, is divided into 4 chambers, and opens in 4 parts.
Calyx five-cleft. Corolla gaping. Capsule woody, covered, with a hooked beak; 4 divisions, and 4 openings.
Calyx five-parted. Corolla wide open. Woody capsule, covered, with a hooked tip; 4 sections and 4 openings.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Martynia caule ramoso, foliis oppositis, cordatis, dentatis, floribus diandris. Willd. Sp. Pl.
Martynia is a branching plant with opposite leaves that are heart-shaped and jagged, and it has flowers with two stamens. Willd. Sp. Pl.
Martynia with the stem branching, leaves opposite, heart-shaped, and toothed, and flowers diandrous.
Martynia has a branching stem, with heart-shaped, toothed leaves that grow opposite each other, and flowers with two stamens.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
Chives. 3. Seed bud and pointillism.
The capsule.
We are glad to have an opportunity of giving a figure of a plant so very ornamental, and so rarely met with in our collections. Martynia diandra is a native of Mexico about Vera Cruz, and requires to be kept in the hothouse, or glass frame with artificial heat, and has much the same delicate texture as the Martynia proboscidea. Of the figures that have before been published of it, that of Jacquin in his Hortus Schœnbrunnensis, vol. iii. plate 289, is by far the best. A specimen was communicated by A. B. Lambert, esq., in November 1808, and another in May last from a plant which had outlived the winter, and from which the present figure is taken. All the species of Martynia are considered as annuals.
We are pleased to share an image of such an ornamental plant, which is rarely found in our collections. Martynia diandra originates from Mexico near Vera Cruz and needs to be kept in a hothouse or a glass frame with artificial heat. It has a texture similar to Martynia proboscidea. Among the previously published illustrations, Jacquin's in Hortus Schœnbrunnensis, vol. iii. plate 289, is the best by far. A specimen was provided by A. B. Lambert, esq., in November 1808, and another in May from a plant that survived winter, which is the source of the current figure. All species of Martynia are regarded as annuals.
PLATE DLXXVI.
LITHOSPERMUM TINCTORIUM.
Dyer's Bugloss.
CLASS V. ORDER I.
CLASS 5. ORDER 1.
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Five Chives. One Pointal.
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Five Chives. One Pistil.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Corolla infundibuliformis, fauce perforata, nuda. Calyx 5-partitus.
Corolla infundibuliformis, with a perforated throat, bare. Calyx 5-parted.
Blossom funnel-shaped, with the mouth open and naked. Cup 5-cleft.
Bloom has a funnel shape, with the opening exposed and bare. The cup is divided into 5 sections.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Lithospermum villosum caulibus procumbentibus. Sp. Pl. editio prima.
Lithospermum villosum with sprawling stems. Sp. Pl. first edition.
Lithospermum hairy. Stem procumbent.
Lithospermum hairy. Stem sprawling.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
A flower bloomed. 3. Seed bud and point.
This rare plant, enumerated in the Hortus Kewensis upon the authority of Sutherland’s Catalogue of the Plants in the Physic Garden at Edinburgh, published in 1683, has been long a desideratum in our collections. It grows naturally in dry sandy places about Montpelier, and also in the southern provinces of the Russian empire, from whence we have seen fine specimens collected by Professor Pallas in Mr. Lambert’s Herbarium, which now contains the whole collection made at the expense of the Russian Government, during the space of 30 years, by that great naturalist and his assistants. The plant is well calculated for ornamenting rock-works, or light sandy and gravelly borders. The roots are an article of trade, and used to give a red colour to oils, wax, and spirits of wine. Linnæus, after having very properly arranged this plant as a Lithospermum in the first edition of his Species Plantarum, afterwards removed it to the genus Anchusa, which alteration has since been adopted by every editor of his works. The character, however, is decidedly that of a Lithospermum; and the alteration would be difficult to account for, were it not for a memorandum of the late M. L’Heritier (published in the Flore Française), stating that he had seen another plant under that name in the Linnæan herbarium. It therefore appears that Linnæus, after having described the true plant, from his not possessing a specimen of it had afterwards mistaken some species of Anchusa for it. The plant, however, was retained in its proper genus by Gerard in his Flora Gallico-Provincialis, and he has since been followed by Decandolle in the Flore Française. We are aware of Professor Vahl and Willdenow’s having given to another Lithospermum the name of tinctorium; but if the genus Arnebia of Forskahl is given up, the characteristic specific of tetrastigma applied to it by Lamarck may be restored. We have never seen any figure of the plant but that of Plenck, Aubriet’s in Alyon’s Cours de Botanique, and the wooden cut of John Bauhin; the plant figured under the name of Anchusa tinctoria in Woodville’s Medical Botany being the Anchusa officinalis. Specimens were communicated by A. B. Lambert, esq., and there is also a fine spreading plant of it now in blossom (May 27th) in the natural ground, in Mr. Harrison’s nursery at Brompton.
This rare plant, listed in the Hortus Kewensis based on Sutherland’s Catalogue of the Plants in the Physic Garden at Edinburgh, published in 1683, has long been sought after in our collections. It naturally grows in dry sandy areas around Montpelier and in the southern provinces of the Russian Empire, where we've seen beautiful specimens collected by Professor Pallas in Mr. Lambert’s Herbarium. This herbarium now holds the complete collection made over 30 years at the expense of the Russian Government, by that remarkable naturalist and his assistants. The plant is well-suited for decorating rock gardens or light sandy and gravelly borders. Its roots are traded for their ability to produce a red color in oils, wax, and spirits of wine. Linnæus originally classified this plant as a Lithospermum in the first edition of his Species Plantarum but later moved it to the genus Anchusa, a change that has been followed by all subsequent editors of his works. However, its characteristics clearly align with those of a Lithospermum; the change would be hard to explain were it not for a note from the late M. L’Heritier (published in the Flore Française), mentioning that he had seen another plant under that name in the Linnæan herbarium. It seems that after describing the true plant, Linnæus mistakenly identified a species of Anchusa as it due to not having a specimen of the original. Nevertheless, Gerard maintained it in its correct genus in his Flora Gallico-Provincialis, and Decandolle followed his example in the Flore Française. We know that Professor Vahl and Willdenow named another Lithospermum as tinctorium; however, if Forskahl's genus Arnebia is discarded, the specific name tetrastigma applied by Lamarck may be reinstated. We have only seen representations of the plant from Plenck, Aubriet’s in Alyon’s Cours de Botanique, and the wooden cut by John Bauhin. The plant depicted as Anchusa tinctoria in Woodville’s Medical Botany is actually Anchusa officinalis. Specimens were shared by A. B. Lambert, esq., and there is also a beautiful spreading plant currently in bloom (May 27th) in Mr. Harrison’s nursery at Brompton.
PLATE DLXXVII.
PROTEA VIRGATA.
Twiggy Protea.
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Four Chives. One Pointal.
TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Four Chives. One Pistil.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Corolla 4-fida, seu 4-petala. Antheræ lineares, petalis infra apices insertæ. Calyx proprius, nullus. Semina solitaria.
Toyota Corolla 4-parted, or 4-petaled. Linear anthers, inserted below the tips of the petals. No distinct calyx present. Seeds are solitary.
Blossom four-cleft, or of four petals. Tips linear, inserted into the petals below the points. Cup proper, none. Seeds solitary.
Bloom with four clefts, or four petals. The tips are linear, attached to the petals just below the tips. There is no proper cup. Seeds are solitary.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Protea foliis linearibus acutis, supra concavis, subtus convexis: floribus confertis, procumbentibus.
Protea with sharp, linear leaves that are concave on top and rounded underneath: flowers clustered together, spreading.
Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.
Habitat at Cape of Good Hope.
Protea with linear pointed leaves, concave above, and convex beneath. Flowers crowded, and lying on the ground.
Protea with long, pointed leaves that are curved inward on top and rounded underneath. The flowers are clustered together and sit close to the ground.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
Reference to the plate.
The application of specific titles to this wide-spreading family of plants is now become an arduous task; and considering how many of the best are already occupied, an exclusive reference cannot be expected. This species of Protea is altogether new, but bears a powerful resemblance in the flowers to the P. humiflora: but the distinct character of its foliage gives to the tout ensemble a perfect air of novelty; nor is there any figure or description of it extant, that we know of.
The task of naming this diverse family of plants has become quite challenging; and given how many of the best names are already taken, we can’t expect an exclusive reference. This species of Protea is completely new, but it looks very similar in flower to the P. humiflora. However, its unique leaves give it an overall look of freshness; and we are not aware of any existing figure or description of it.
Our drawing was made from a fine plant at the nursery of Mr. Knight in the King’s Road, Chelsea.
Our drawing was made from a beautiful plant at Mr. Knight's nursery on King’s Road in Chelsea.
PLATE DLXXVIII.
ÆGIPHILA DIFFUSA. Fig. 1.
Spreading Aegiphila.
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Four Chives. One Pointal.
TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Four Chives. One Pistil.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Essential Generic Character.
Calyx 4-dentatus. Corolla 4-fida. Stylus semibifidus. Bacca bilocularis, loculis dispermis.
Calyx 4-dentate. Corolla 4-parted. Style semi-bifid. Berry two-chambered, with seeds dispersed in the chambers.
Cup four-toothed. Blossom four-cleft. Shaft cleft half-way down. Berry two-celled, cells two-seeded.
Mug with four teeth. Blossom with four splits. Shaft split halfway down. Berry with two chambers, each containing two seeds.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Ægiphila foliis ovato-lanceolatis, longè acuminatis, utrinque glabris; paniculis diffusis axillaribus et terminalibus; staminibus tubo vix excedentibus, stylo longissimo.
Ægiphila with oval-lanceolate leaves, long and pointed, smooth on both sides; diffuse panicles in the axils and at the ends; stamens barely exceeding the tube, with a very long style.
Ægiphila with oval-lanced, long pointed leaves, smooth on both sides; panicles spreading, axillary, and terminal; stamens scarcely longer than the tube, and shaft very long.
Ægiphila with oval-lance shaped, long pointed leaves that are smooth on both sides; panicles are spreading, found in axillary and terminal positions; stamens are barely longer than the tube, with a very long shaft.
ÆGIPHILA OBOVATA. Fig. 2.
Inversely Oval-leaved Ægiphila
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Ægiphila foliis obovatis acuminatis, utrinque glabris; paniculis axillaribus et terminalibus; pedicellis calycibusque minutè pubescentibus.
Ægiphila with obovate, pointed leaves, smooth on both sides; with axillary and terminal flower clusters; with flower stalks and calyces that are slightly hairy.
Ægiphila with leaves inversely oval, pointed and smooth; panicles axillary and terminal; flower-stalks and calyxes minutely pubescent.
Ægiphila has leaves that are oval but pointed and smooth; it features panicles that are both axillary and terminal; the flower stalks and calyxes are slightly hairy.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
A flower bloomed. 3. Seed-bud and pointal, as seen in the opening buds.
4. The same when completely expanded.
This very natural genus was established by Jacquin from the Bois Cabril of the Creoles in Martinico, a shrub, the young shoots of which are greedily sought for and eaten by their cattle, particularly goats, whence the name (in English) Goatwood; and which Jacquin, following the botanical canon, elegantly turned into Ægiphila. With this species the celebrated Swartz has conjoined the Knoxia of Browne’s Jamaica and Manabea lævis of Aublet’s Guiana, and added two more species, Æ. fœtida and Æ. trifida, discovered by himself; and Willdenow has yet further augmented it with the Manabea villosa and arborescens of Aublet, and the Nuxia of Lamarck: the last, however, we consider as a very doubtful species. That fine collection of plants from the West Indies, introduced in 1807 by lord Seaforth, and by him presented to A. B. Lambert, esq. and which we have already so often quoted, has brought to our knowledge two more species, which we have denominated diffusa and obovata, from what appeared to us to be their most prominent features. Both shrubs are natives of the West Indies, and were sent to us in flower in August 1808. They are propagated by cuttings, and have not yet ripened seeds in England, but produce flowers annually in abundance during the months of July and August.
This natural genus was established by Jacquin from the Bois Cabril of the Creoles in Martinique. It’s a shrub, and its young shoots are eagerly eaten by livestock, especially goats, which is where the name (in English) Goatwood comes from. Jacquin elegantly renamed it Ægiphila, following botanical conventions. The well-known Swartz combined this species with Browne’s Knoxia from Jamaica and Aublet’s Manabea lævis from Guiana and added two more species, Æ. fœtida and Æ. trifida, which he discovered himself. Willdenow further expanded it with Aublet’s Manabea villosa and arborescens, as well as Lamarck’s Nuxia; however, we consider the last one a very dubious species. The fine collection of plants from the West Indies, introduced in 1807 by Lord Seaforth and presented to A. B. Lambert, Esq., which we have often referenced, has brought to our attention two more species that we named diffusa and obovata based on their most prominent features. Both shrubs are native to the West Indies and were sent to us in bloom in August 1808. They can be propagated by cuttings, and while they haven't produced ripe seeds in England yet, they bloom abundantly every year in July and August.
PLATE DLXXIX.
CRATÆGUS AZAROLUS.
The Azarole.
CLASS II. ORDER XII.
CLASS II. ORDER XII.
ICOSANDRIA DIGYNIA. Twenty Chives. Two Pointals.
ICOSANDRIA DIGYNIA. Twenty Chives. Two Pointals.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Calyx quinquefidus. Petala quinque. Bacca infera, 1-5-sperma.
Calyx quinquefidus. Five petals. Fruit below, 1-5 seeds.
Cup five-cleft. Blossom five petals. Berry below, with from 1 to 5 seeds.
Mug five-part. Blossom with five petals. Berry beneath, containing between 1 and 5 seeds.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Cratægus foliis obtusis, subtrifidis, dentatis, pubescentibus.
Cratægus with blunt, slightly divided, toothed, hairy leaves.
Cratægus with blunt, pubescent, toothed leaves generally 3-cleft.
Cratægus with blunt, fuzzy, toothed leaves that are usually 3-lobed.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
The Azarole grows naturally in Italy, in the South of France, in Carniola, and on the banks of the Tanais in the Russian empire where it was found by Gerber in 1741. It grows to be a tree of rather small size, and is much cultivated in Italy, in the South of France, and in Sicily, for the sake of the fruit, which is as large as a cherry, of a fine red colour with sometimes a tinge of yellow, and is said to have a very agreeable flavour. At present the Azarole is very scarce in this country, and we have never seen it in blossom but at Burchall’s nursery at Fulham, in May 1808, when our drawing was made. This year the plant has produced no blossoms. To those who are desirous of cultivating the Azarole, and adding another variety to their deserts, we would recommend planting it in well sheltered situations; or perhaps training against a wall, as practised for peaches and other delicate fruits, would be still better. Considerable trees of the Azarole formerly existed in His Majesty’s Gardens at Kew, and in those of the Duke or Northumberland at Sion House; and we have lately seen the remains of one in Mr. Swainson’s collection at Twickenham; but we are not aware that any exist at present in England. That of Plenck excepted, in His Medical Plants, Pl. 390, we believe no other coloured figure of it has before been published.
The Azarole grows naturally in Italy, southern France, Carniola, and along the banks of the Tanais in the Russian Empire, where it was discovered by Gerber in 1741. It grows into a relatively small tree and is widely cultivated in Italy, southern France, and Sicily for its fruit, which is about the size of a cherry, has a bright red color with a hint of yellow, and is said to have a very pleasant taste. Currently, the Azarole is quite rare in this country, and we only saw it in bloom at Burchall’s nursery in Fulham in May 1808, when we made our drawing. This year, the plant has not produced any blossoms. For those interested in cultivating the Azarole and adding a new variety to their desserts, we recommend planting it in well-sheltered areas; or training it against a wall, as is done with peaches and other delicate fruits, would likely be even better. Significant Azarole trees used to exist in His Majesty’s Gardens at Kew and in the Duke of Northumberland’s gardens at Sion House; recently, we’ve seen the remains of one in Mr. Swainson’s collection at Twickenham, but we’re not aware of any currently existing in England. Aside from Plenck’s depiction in His Medical Plants, Pl. 390, we believe no other colored illustration of it has been published before.
PLATE DLXXX.
MESEMBRYANTHEMUM ACINACIFORME.
Scimitar-leaved Ice Plant.
CLASS XII. ORDER IV.
CLASS 12. ORDER 4.
ICOSANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Twenty Chives. Five Pointals.
ICOSANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Twenty chives. Five pointals.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Petala valde numerosa, linearia, basi cohærentia.
Petal very numerous, linear, base coherent.
Petals very numerous, linear, cohering at the base.
Petals are very numerous, long and narrow, sticking together at the base.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Mesembryanthemum foliis acinaciformibus: floribus amplissimis, lætè purpureis.
Ice plant with sword-shaped leaves: flowers very large, bright purple.
Dillenii Hortus Elthamensis, tab. CCXI.
Dillenii Hortus Elthamensis, tab. 211.
Fig-marygold with scimitar-shaped leaves: flowers very large, and of a bright purple colour.
Fig marigold with sword-shaped leaves: flowers are very large and bright purple.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
Throughout this extensive tribe of plants, this is the most splendid species of Mesembryanthemum we are at present acquainted with; and although an old plant in the gardens, it is quite a rarity to meet with it in flower. Our specimen is from the collection of Mr. Trimmer, of Kew Bridge, whose method of forcing it into bloom may be worth the attention of cultivators. It is by training it up against the glass, and watering it very sparingly; indeed, so little water is requisite for many of the succulent plants, that we have seen them thrive very well without any, except what they absorb from the humidity of the atmosphere in the descending dews.
Throughout this large group of plants, this is the most impressive species of Mesembryanthemum we currently know of; and even though it's an older plant in gardens, it's quite rare to see it in bloom. Our specimen comes from Mr. Trimmer’s collection at Kew Bridge, and his method for getting it to flower might interest growers. He trains it against glass and waters it very lightly; in fact, many succulent plants require so little water that we've seen them do well with just the moisture they absorb from the humidity in the evening dew.
PLATE DLXXXI.
SALIX VIOLACEA.
Purple Willow.
CLASS XXII. ORDER II.
CLASS 22. ORDER 2.
DIŒCIA DIANDRIA. Chives and Pointals on different Plants. Two Chives.
DIŒCIA DIANDRIA. Chives and Pointals on different Plants. Two Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Essential Generic Character.
* Masculi flores.
* Men’s flowers.
Amentum cylindraceum. Calyx squamosus. Corolla 0. Glandulæ baseos nectariferæ.
Amentum cylindraceum. Scaly calyx. Corolla 0. Glandular nectar-producing bases.
* Feminei flores.
* Women's flowers.
Amentum cylindraceum. Calyx squamosus. Corolla 0. Stylus 2-fidus. Capsula 1-locularis, 2-valvis. Semina papposa.
Amentum cylindraceum. The calyx is scaly. The corolla is absent. The style is 2-furrowed. The capsule is 1-chambered, 2-valved. The seeds are pappose.
* Male flowers.
* Male flowers.
Catkin cylindrical. Empalement squamous. Blossom none. Glands at the base, bearing honey.
Catkin shaped like a cylinder. Flat and sharp at the end. No flowers. Glands at the bottom that produce nectar.
* Female Flowers.
* Women’s Flowers.
Catkin cylindrical. Empalement squamous. Blossom none. Shaft 2-cleft. Capsule 1-locular, 2-valved. Seeds downy.
Catkin cylindrical. Spike-shaped attachment. No blossoms. Stem split into two. Capsule has one chamber, two valves. Seeds are fluffy.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Salix foliis lanceolatis, acuminatis, serrulatis, glabris, subtus glaucis: ramis pulvere violaceo tectis.
Willow with lance-shaped, pointed, serrated leaves that are smooth on top and bluish-green underneath: branches covered with a violet powder.
Willow with lance-shaped leaves finely sawed, smooth, and glaucous beneath: branches covered over with a violet-coloured powder.
Willow Tree with spear-shaped leaves that are finely serrated, smooth, and bluish underneath: branches dusted with a purplish powder.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
This fine species of willow is remarkable, first, for the gigantic size of its shoots, rising to the height of ten and sometimes twelve feet in one season; secondly, for their superior tenacity, being yet more tough than the common Osier; and thirdly, for the singular blue powder (considerably resembling that found upon the Orleans plum) with which they are always covered; and which, when any part of it has been accidentally rubbed off, is very quickly regenerated. It is said to be a native of Russia or Siberia, and to have been introduced by Mr. John Bell of Sion Gate about the year 1798. Whether it may or may not be the same species as Salix acutifolia of Willdenow, which he published without having seen the fructification, we leave to those who have seen his specimen to determine.
This impressive type of willow stands out for a few reasons: first, its enormous shoots can grow up to ten or even twelve feet tall in just one season; second, it's tougher than the common osier; and third, it has a unique blue powder on it that looks a lot like what's found on the Orleans plum, which quickly reappears if rubbed off. It's believed to be native to Russia or Siberia and was brought over by Mr. John Bell of Sion Gate around 1798. Whether it's the same species as Salix acutifolia described by Willdenow, who published it without having seen its flowering, is something we leave to those who have examined his specimen to figure out.
Our specimens are from the collection of A. B. Lambert, esq. who informs us that it produces in April male flowers annually at Boyton, and besides its great utility is a very ornamental plant.
Our specimens come from the collection of A. B. Lambert, Esq., who tells us that it produces male flowers every April at Boyton, and in addition to being highly useful, it's also a very attractive plant.
PLATE DLXXXII.
PROTEA MELLIFERA ALBIFLORA.
White-flowered honey-producing Protea.
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
Class IV. Order I.
TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Four Chives. One Pointal.
TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Four Chives. One Pistil.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Corolla 4-fida, seu 4-petala. Antheræ lineares, petalis infra apices insertæ. Calyx proprius, nullus. Semina solitaria.
Corolla 4-part, or 4-petal. Linear anthers, attached to the petals below the tips. No proper calyx. Seeds are solitary.
Blossom four-cleft, or of four petals. Tips linear, inserted into the petals below the points. Cup proper, none. Seeds solitary.
Blossom with four lobes, or four petals. Tips are long and narrow, attached to the petals below the tips. No proper cup. Seeds are solitary.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Protea foliis lanceolatis ellipticis: capituloque terminali, magno, albo.
Protea with lance-shaped elliptical leaves: and a large, white flower at the tip.
Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.
Habitat at Cape of Good Hope.
Protea with elliptic lance-shaped leaves: head of flowers terminal, large, and white.
Protea with oval, spear-shaped leaves: a cluster of large, white flowers at the top.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
Reference to the plate.
Whether we consider this Protea as a species, or only a variety, it well deserves a representation. The only plant we have ever seen of it, and from whence our figure was taken, was in the collection of the Duke of Northumberland at Sion House, in the year 1807. Its unequivocal claim to the specific title of mellifera we unawares experienced, as, in bending the plant a little forward to view the interior of its flowers, (the plant being near seven feet high,) it literally poured out a stream of nectareous juice, the cup being filled with honey as high as the imbrications could possibly contain it.
Whether we think of this Protea as a species or just a variety, it definitely deserves recognition. The only plant we’ve ever seen of it, and from which our illustration was created, was in the collection of the Duke of Northumberland at Sion House in 1807. We unintentionally confirmed its clear claim to the specific name mellifera when, bending the plant slightly forward to look at the inside of its flowers (the plant being nearly seven feet tall), it literally poured out a stream of sweet juice, with the cup filled with honey to the brim.
PLATE DLXXXIII.
LONICERA JAPONICA.
Japanese Honeysuckle.
CLASS V. ORDER I.
CLASS V. ORDER I.
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Five Chives. One Pointal.
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Five Chives. One Pistil.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Corolla 1-petala, irregularis. Bacca polysperma, bilocularis, infera.
Corolla with one petal, irregular. Berry with multiple seeds, two chambers, located below.
Blossom of one petal, irregular. Berry many-seeded, 2-celled, below.
Bloom with one uneven petal. Berry is multi-seeded, with 2 chambers, below.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Lonicera foliis perennantibus petiolatis villosis: caule volubili.
Lonicera (Honeysuckle) has hairy, petiolate leaves that last all year: with a climbing stem.
Lonicera japonica. Willd. Sp. Pl.
Lonicera japonica. Willd. Sp. Pl.
Lonicera with ever-green downy leaves upon footstalks, and a twining stem.
Honeysuckle with green, fuzzy leaves on stalks, and a climbing stem.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
This far-fetched and yet rare species of “the luscious woodbine” is the Kin-gin-qua, or Gold and Silver Flower, of the Japanese, as we learn from Kæmpfer and Thunberg. The same name is also affixed to a Chinese drawing of the plant, a copy of which we have seen in the collection of A. B. Lambert, esq. From the same drawing we learn that the flowers come sometimes more in heads, and much more numerous than in our specimen; which may probably be accounted for from the plants being kept here in the green-house. Being an ever-green, like the Minorca and American twining honey-suckles, the species is the more desirable. It was introduced, we are informed, from China about the year 1805, and our drawing was taken in July 1809, in the garden of the Count de Vandes at Bayswater.
This unusual and rare type of “the luscious woodbine” is the Kin-gin-qua, or Gold and Silver Flower, according to Kæmpfer and Thunberg. This name is also used for a Chinese illustration of the plant, a copy of which we saw in A. B. Lambert's collection. From the same illustration, we learn that the flowers sometimes grow in clusters and are much more abundant than in our specimen; this may be due to the plants being kept in a greenhouse here. Being an evergreen, like the Minorca and American climbing honeysuckles, this species is even more appealing. It was introduced from China around 1805, and our drawing was made in July 1809 in the garden of Count de Vandes at Bayswater.
PLATE DLXXXIV.
PHLOMIS SAMIA.
Samian Phlomis.
CLASS XIV. ORDER I.
CLASS XIV. ORDER I.
DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. Two Chives longer. Seeds covered.
DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. Two long chives. Seeds are covered.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Calyx angulatus. Corollæ labium superius incumbens, compressum, villosum.
Calyx angulatus. The upper lip of the corolla is overlapping, flattened, and hairy.
Cup angled: upper lip of the corolla incumbent, compressed and downy.
Mug angled: the upper lip of the corolla is tilted, flattened, and covered in fuzz.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Phlomis caule hirsuto, foliis cordatis, crenatis, subtus tomentosis, bracteis tripartitis subulatis mucronatis calycem æquantibus. Willd. Sp. Pl. 3. p. 120.
Phlomis with a hairy stem, heart-shaped leaves that are notched and fuzzy underneath, and bracts that are three-parted, slender, and pointed, matching the calyx in size. Willd. Sp. Pl. 3. p. 120.
Phlomis with a hairy stalk: leaves heart-shaped, scolloped, and cottony underneath: bracts 3-parted, awl-shaped, as long as the cup.
Phlomis with a hairy stem: leaves that are heart-shaped, scalloped, and fuzzy on the underside: bracts that are 3-parted, needle-like, and as long as the cup.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
A flower bloomed. 3. Seed bud and point.
This curious species appears to have been introduced by Mr. Miller; but, not being enumerated in the Hortus Kewensis, nor the Catalogue of the Cambridge Botanic Garden, must have been since lost. Indeed Mr. Miller informs us, that the severe winter of 1740 destroyed all the plants of it then in England. A. B. Lambert, esq. who communicated the specimens in July last from his garden at Boyton, informs us that Dr. Williams, regius professor of botany at Oxford, favoured him with the plant; and his predecessor Dr. Sibthorpe, who made two journeys into Greece to enrich us with the natural history of that interesting country, was probably the re-introducer. The name Samia is derived from the island of Samos; but Monsieur Desfontaines informs us (in his Flora Atlantica) that the original Samian plant of Tournefort and the Phlomis Samia of Linnæus (which he found wild about Mount Atlas) are different species. Both may possibly be natives of Samos: the posthumous Flora Græca of Dr. Sibthorpe, now publishing by his friend Dr. Smith, will, we trust, decide it. There is no prior figure of the plant.
This interesting species seems to have been brought in by Mr. Miller; however, since it isn’t listed in the Hortus Kewensis or the Catalogue of the Cambridge Botanic Garden, it must have been lost since then. In fact, Mr. Miller tells us that the harsh winter of 1740 wiped out all the plants in England at that time. A. B. Lambert, Esq., who sent the specimens last July from his garden at Boyton, mentioned that Dr. Williams, the regius professor of botany at Oxford, provided him with the plant. His predecessor, Dr. Sibthorpe, who traveled to Greece twice to enrich our understanding of the natural history of that fascinating country, likely reintroduced it. The name Samia comes from the island of Samos; however, Monsieur Desfontaines advises us (in his Flora Atlantica) that the original Samian plant described by Tournefort and the Phlomis Samia of Linnæus (which he found growing wild around Mount Atlas) are different species. Both may potentially be native to Samos: we hope that the posthumous Flora Græca of Dr. Sibthorpe, which is now being published by his friend Dr. Smith, will clarify this. There is no earlier illustration of the plant.
PLATE DLXXXV.
SOPHORA JAPONICA.
Sophora Japonica.
CLASS X. ORDER I.
CLASS 10. ORDER 1.
DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ten Chives. One Pointal.
DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ten Chives. One Stamen.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Essential generic character.
Calyx 5-dentatus, supernè gibbus. Corolla papilionacea: alis longitudine vexilli. Lomentum moniliforme.
Calyx 5-toothed, with a prominent upper section. Butterfly-like flower: wings the length of a flag. Bead-like pod.
Cup five-toothed, swelling above. Blossom butterfly-shaped, with wings the length of the keel. Pod necklace-shaped.
Mug with five points, bulging out. Flower shaped like a butterfly, with wings as long as the keel. Pod shaped like a necklace.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Sophora foliis pinnatis: foliolis pluribus ovatis glabris: caule arboreo. Willd. Sp. Pl.
Sophora with pinnate leaves: many smooth, oval leaflets: tree-like stem. Willd. Sp. Pl.
Sophora with winged leaves: the leaflets numerous, ovate, and smooth: stem arborescent.
Sophora with winged leaves: the leaflets are numerous, oval-shaped, and smooth: tree-like stem.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
Reference to the plate.
The banner. 3. One of the wings.
The carina. The chives. 6. The seed, bud, and stigma.
Sophora japonica is the largest species of that genus at present known. The specimen exhibited is from a tree more than 40 feet high, in the collection of John Ord, esq. at Purser’s Cross, Fulham, which was planted by himself about fifty years ago. Our attachment to even the inanimate companions of our youth, and the pleasure we derive from them, are thus beautifully expressed by one of our English poets (Cowley, we believe):
Sophora japonica is currently the largest known species of its genus. The specimen on display comes from a tree that's over 40 feet tall, part of the collection of John Ord, Esq. at Purser’s Cross, Fulham, which he planted around fifty years ago. Our feelings for even the inanimate companions of our childhood, and the joy we get from them, are beautifully captured by one of our English poets (we think it's Cowley):
And loves his old contemporary trees."
Mr. Ord obtained his plants of Mr. Gordon, nurseryman at Mile End, who introduced the species from China in the year 1753. The first time of its flowering in this country, we learn, was in his Grace the Duke of Northumberland’s collection at Sion, in August 1797. The only figure we have seen is in Jacquin’s Hortus Schœnbrunnensis, vol. iii. Burmann, in his Flora Indica, and after him Linnæus, describe the flowers as white. In Mr. Ord’s garden they are of a faint yellow, as in the figure of Jacquin; and in the specimens which we have seen from Sion House, faint yellow tinged with purple. Excellent in the study of flowers is the maxim of Virgil,
Mr. Ord got his plants from Mr. Gordon, a nurseryman in Mile End, who brought the species over from China in 1753. The first time it flowered in this country was in the collection of His Grace the Duke of Northumberland at Sion in August 1797. The only illustration we’ve seen is in Jacquin’s Hortus Schœnbrunnensis, vol. iii. Burmann, followed by Linnæus, describes the flowers as white. In Mr. Ord’s garden, they are a light yellow, similar to the illustration in Jacquin's work; and in the samples we've seen from Sion House, they are a light yellow with a purple tint. An excellent principle for studying flowers is the saying of Virgil,
PLATE DLXXXVI.
LILIUM SPECIOSUM.
Fancy Lily.
CLASS VI. ORDER I.
Class 6, Order 1.
HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Six Chives. One Pointal.
HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Six Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Corolla 6-petala, campanulata: nectarium linea longitudinalis: capsulæ valvulis pilo cancellato connexis.
Corolla with 6 petals, bell-shaped: nectary with a longitudinal line: capsule with valves connected by a cancellate hair.
Blossom 6-leaved, bell-shaped. Nectary a longitudinal line. Valves of the seed-pod connected with a lattice-work of hairs.
Bloom 6 leaves, shaped like a bell. The nectar-producing part has a long line. The seed-pod valves are linked by a network of hairs.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Lilium foliis sparsis, ovato-oblongis: floribus cernuis mox revolutis: caule ramoso.
Lily with scattered, oval-shaped leaves: drooping flowers that soon turn back: branched stem.
Lilium speciosum. Willd. Sp. Pl.
Lilium speciosum. Willd. Sp. Pl.
Lily with scattered oval-oblong leaves: the flowers nodding, soon rolled back, and the stem branching.
Lily with scattered oval-oblong leaves: the flowers drooping, quickly rolled back, and the stem branching out.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
PLATE REFERENCE.
We can but seldom have the pleasure of recording so valuable an acquisition to our collections as this truly magnificent species, introduced from China by the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks about the year 1807, and a figure of it also published by him in 1791, being plate 47 of the Icones Selectæ, from drawings made in Japan by Kæmpfer, and now deposited in the British Museum. The woolliness and bulbs on the stem in our specimen, and the want of constriction at the base of the leaves, (if any such ever exists in nature,) differ considerably from the figure above quoted; but the strong general resemblance, and a consideration of the many variations to which other species of this genus are subject, induce us to regard it as a variety from the same common stock. The stem rises to between three and four feet in height, and sometimes even higher; and produces from three to nine or more flowers, according to its strength and situation. The bulb which it produces from the base of every leaf forms a future plant, and thus to unrivalled beauty adds abundance. Its time of flowering enhances its value, being in August, when all other lilies have deserted the parterre. Mr. Williams, nurseryman at Turnham Green, favoured us with the specimen.
We rarely have the pleasure of documenting such a valuable addition to our collections as this truly magnificent species, brought from China by the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks around 1807, with a depiction of it also published by him in 1791, appearing as plate 47 of the Icones Selectæ, from drawings made in Japan by Kæmpfer, now housed in the British Museum. The wooliness and bulbs on the stem of our specimen, along with the lack of constriction at the base of the leaves (if there is any in nature), differ quite a bit from the illustration mentioned above; however, the strong general resemblance, along with the many variations seen in other species of this genus, leads us to consider it a variety from the same common lineage. The stem grows to between three and four feet tall, and sometimes even higher; it produces anywhere from three to nine or more flowers, depending on its vigor and environment. The bulb that forms at the base of each leaf becomes a future plant, thus adding abundant beauty to its already unmatched allure. Its flowering period further boosts its value, occurring in August, when all other lilies have left the garden. Mr. Williams, a nurseryman at Turnham Green, kindly provided us with the specimen.
PLATE DLXXXVII.
CORCHORUS? JAPONICUS flore pleno.
Japanese Corchorus with double blooms.
CLASS XIII. ORDER I.
CLASS 13. ORDER 1.
POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Many Chives. One Pointal.
POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Multiple Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Corolla 5-petala. Calyx 5-phyllus, deciduus. Capsula plurivalvis, loculamentosa.
Toyota Corolla with 5 petals. Calyx with 5 leaves, falling off. Capsule with multiple valves, divided into chambers.
Blossom of 5 petals. Cup 5-leaved, falling off, Fruit with many valves, subdivided.
Bloom with 5 petals. Cup with 5 leaves, falling off, fruit with many sections, divided.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Corchorus capsulis rotundis glabris, foliis duplicato-serratis.—Flora Japonica, p. 227.
Corchorus with smooth round capsules and double-toothed leaves.—Flora Japonica, p. 227.
Corchorus with round smooth capsules, and the leaves doubly sawed.
Corchorus with round, smooth pods, and the leaves are double-toothed.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
This elegant shrub is amply described in the Flora Japonica of Professor Thunberg, who found it growing naturally about Nagasaki, Miaco, and various parts of the Japanese empire; where it is also commonly cultivated for ornament. The double variety here figured he particularly specifies as naturally adorning the country about Miaco. In Houttuyn’s Pflanrensystem, vol. vii. plate 54, there is also an engraving of it. The single-flowered has not yet been introduced to this country. The time of blossoming is in early spring: but it does not appear to confine itself to that season, as we have been favoured with fresh specimens at various seasons from April to October; and we may therefore safely predict its being long a favourite with cultivators. The flexile twigs starred with blossoms look at a little distance like garlands, and extend when supported to a great length. All the flowers that we have seen are from 5-to 8-gynous; which, with the singular form of the capsule, makes us consider it as a very doubtful species of Corchorus. The Japanese name is Jamma Buki.
This elegant shrub is well described in the Flora Japonica by Professor Thunberg, who discovered it growing naturally around Nagasaki, Miaco, and various parts of Japan, where it is also widely cultivated for decoration. He specifically notes the double variety shown here as naturally enhancing the landscape around Miaco. In Houttuyn’s Pflanrensystem, vol. vii. plate 54, there is also an illustration of it. The single-flowered variety has not been introduced to this country yet. It blooms in early spring, but it doesn't seem to be limited to that season, as we've received fresh samples at different times between April and October; therefore, we can confidently predict it will be a lasting favorite among growers. The flexible twigs covered in flowers look like garlands from a distance and can extend quite a bit when supported. All the flowers we've seen have 5 to 8 gynous parts, and the unique shape of the capsule leads us to consider it a very questionable species of Corchorus. The Japanese name is Jamma Buki.
Our figure is taken from specimens communicated by Mr. Milne of Fonthill, who informs us that his plant now growing in the conservatory is ten feet high. We first observed it in bloom early last spring at Messrs. Colville’s, and in several other collections during the summer, but smaller both in flowers and leaves.
Our measurement comes from samples provided by Mr. Milne of Fonthill, who tells us that his plant currently thriving in the conservatory is ten feet tall. We first saw it in bloom early last spring at Messrs. Colville’s and in several other collections throughout the summer, but it was smaller in both flowers and leaves.
PLATE DLXXXVIII.
SIDA HASTATA.
Halberd-leaved Sida.
CLASS XVI. ORDER VIII.
CLASS 16. ORDER 8.
MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. One Brotherhood. Many Chives.
MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA. One Brotherhood. Many Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Calyx simplex, angulatus. Stylus multi-partitus. Capsulæ plures, 1-seu 3-spermæ.
Calyx simple, angled. Style divided into multiple parts. Several capsules, containing 1 to 3 seeds.
Cup simple-angled. Shafts many-parted. Seedpods many, one-to three-seeded.
Mug with simple angles. Multi-parted shafts. Seed pods are many, containing one to three seeds each.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Sida foliis inferioribus cordatis angulatis, superioribus elongato-hastatis; pedunculis axillaribus, unifloris, longissimis.
Sida with lower leaves that are heart-shaped and angled, and upper leaves that are elongated and spear-shaped; with long, single-flower stalks in the axils.
Sida hastata, Willd. Sp. Pl.
Sida hastata, *Willd. Sp. Pl.*
Sida with the lower leaves somewhat heart-shaped and angled, the upper ones long-halberd-shaped; flower-stalks very long, one-flowered, and axillary.
Sida has lower leaves that are somewhat heart-shaped and angled, while the upper ones are long and shaped like halberds; the flower stalks are very long, have a single flower, and grow in the axils.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
The pointals.
This species was first properly distinguished and described by the Spanish botanist Cavanilles in his Dissertatio de Sida, where he has also given a figure of it; and upon this with the Sida cristata and Dilleniana his genus Anoda was founded. Other botanists, however, have not agreed to this division, and both Professor Martyn in his Dictionary and Willdenow still consider them as Sidas of which they now enumerate 99 species; and the new species brought from Abyssinia by Lord Valentia, and published in our 117th number, completes the century. Most of the species have been destined by nature to blossom beneath a milder sky than ours; the Sida hastata was found by the French botanist Dombey growing naturally in Peru and Lima in moist places; and A. B. Lambert, esq., who favoured us with the specimen last September, received the seeds from the East Indies, The two other varieties of this enumerated by Cavanilles and Willdenow we have not seen. The plant is annual, and has yet been kept in the stove.
This species was first accurately identified and described by the Spanish botanist Cavanilles in his Dissertatio de Sida, where he also included an illustration of it; this, along with the Sida cristata and Dilleniana, formed the basis for his genus Anoda. However, other botanists have disagreed with this classification, and both Professor Martyn in his Dictionary and Willdenow still regard them as Sidas, of which they now list 99 species. The new species brought from Abyssinia by Lord Valentia, published in our 117th issue, completes the century. Most of the species are naturally adapted to bloom in a milder climate than ours; the Sida hastata was discovered by the French botanist Dombey growing naturally in moist places in Peru and Lima. A. B. Lambert, esq., who kindly provided us with the specimen last September, received the seeds from the East Indies. We have not seen the two other varieties listed by Cavanilles and Willdenow. The plant is annual and has so far been kept in the greenhouse.
PLATE DLXXXIX.
GLADIOLUS ANGUSTUS, minor.
Small Narrow-leaved Cornflag.
CLASS III. ORDER I.
CLASS III. ORDER I.
TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Three Chives. One Pointal.
TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Three Chives. One Stamen.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Corolla sexpartita, ringens. Stamina adscendentia.
Corolla sexpartita, ringens. Stamina ascending.
Blossom six divisions, gaping. Chives ascending.
Blossom six sections, wide open. Chives growing.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Gladiolus foliis linearibus, longis, costatis; corollis flavescentibus; petalis tribus inferioribus rubro notatis.
Gladiolus flower with long, linear leaves and ridged stems; yellowish flowers; three lower petals marked in red.
Gladiolus angustus. Jacquin. Icones, tab. 252, vol. ii.
Gladiolus angustus. Jacquin. Icones, tab. 252, vol. ii.
Cornflag with linear leaves long and ribbed: blossom yellowish; the three lower petals marked with red.
Cornflag has long, ribbed, linear leaves: the flowers are yellowish; the three lower petals have red markings.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
The inner sleeve.
A flower blossomed. 4. Seed bud and stigma.
5. Flower of a bigger variety.
Our figure represents a plant from the nursery of Mr. Williams, and which we at first were inclined to regard as a distinct species from the Gladiolus angustus of Jacquin: but meeting soon after with a plant in the collection of Messrs. Whitley and Brames, of larger dimensions, (a flower of which we have represented,) its intermediate character appears, upon comparison, to connect a regular chain of variation, the smallest link of which is (at present) the one now figured.
Our image shows a plant from Mr. Williams' nursery, which we initially thought was a separate species from the Gladiolus angustus of Jacquin. However, shortly after, we encountered a larger plant in the collection of Messrs. Whitley and Brames (whose flower we have depicted). Upon comparison, its intermediate characteristics seem to form a continuous chain of variation, with the smallest link being the one we have illustrated here.
Both plants are of easy culture, requiring no other treatment than what is common to bulbs of this class.
Both plants are easy to grow, needing no special care beyond what is typical for bulbs of this type.
PLATE DXC.
MESPILUS ODORATISSIMA.
Fragrant Mespilus.
CLASS XII. ORDER V.
CLASS 12. ORDER V.
ICOSANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Twenty Chives. Five Pointals.
ICOSANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Twenty chives. Five pointals.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Calyx 5-fidus. Petala 5. Bacca infera, 5-sperma.
Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Fruit below, 5-seeded.
Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5. Berry below, 5-seeded.
Calyx 5-part. Petals 5. Berry underneath, 5-seeded.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
PARTICULAR CHARACTER.
Mespilus foliis utrinque pubescentibus, pinnatifidis; laciniis incisis.
Mespilus with pubescent leaves on both sides, divided into leaflets; with jagged lobes.
Mespilus with leaves downy on both sides, and wing-cleft; with the segments slit.
Mespilus with fuzzy leaves on both sides, and winged splits; with the segments cut.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
2. A branch with ripe fruit.
For this undescribed species of Mespilus we are indebted to the Right Hon. the Marquis of Bath, who first observed it to be distinct from the Mespilus tanacetifolia, with which it has commonly been confounded, and pointed out the specific differences to Mr. Lambert in 1807. The accuracy of his Lordship’s observations we have often verified this summer in the different collections about London, and find the two species quite distinct in fruit, foliage, and bracteæ. Mespilus odoratissima forms handsome dwarf trees, from 6 to 12 feet high in the specimens we have seen. The blossoms appear in June, and are remarkably fragrant, but considerably smaller than in M. tanacetifolia; but this is abundantly compensated by the livelier colour and greater profusion of the fruit with which the boughs are loaded in autumn. The tree called by Professor Pallas Cratægus orientalis, (see the English translation of his Travels in the Crimea, vol. ii. p. 174 and 181,) and which he found cultivated for its fruit in the south-western parts of the Crimea, where it also grows wild on the mountains, is this species, as we have ascertained from his Herbarium; and the little red Medlar found in Anatolia by Tournefort, (see his Travels, vol. ii. p. 322 of the English translation,) noticed by Dr. Smith in his Exotic Botany, is probably the same thing. We were favoured with the specimens both of this and M. tanacetifolia (our next plate) by the Right Hon. the Marchioness of Bath, from Longleat.
For this unidentified species of Mespilus, we owe thanks to the Right Hon. the Marquis of Bath, who was the first to recognize it as different from Mespilus tanacetifolia, with which it has often been mixed up, and pointed out the specific differences to Mr. Lambert in 1807. We have frequently confirmed the accuracy of his Lordship’s observations this summer in various collections around London, and we find the two species to be entirely distinct in fruit, leaves, and bracts. Mespilus odoratissima grows into attractive dwarf trees, standing between 6 to 12 feet tall in the specimens we've seen. The flowers bloom in June and are noticeably fragrant, though they are smaller than those of M. tanacetifolia; however, this is more than made up for by the brighter color and larger quantity of fruit that fills the branches in autumn. The tree that Professor Pallas referred to as Cratægus orientalis (see the English translation of his Travels in the Crimea, vol. ii. p. 174 and 181) was found cultivated for its fruit in the southwestern parts of the Crimea, where it also grows wild in the mountains; we have verified this with specimens from his herbarium. The small red medlar found in Anatolia by Tournefort (see his Travels, vol. ii. p. 322 of the English translation) and noted by Dr. Smith in his Exotic Botany is likely the same species. We received specimens of both this species and M. tanacetifolia (which is shown in our next plate) from the Right Hon. the Marchioness of Bath, from Longleat.
PLATE DXCI.
MESPILUS TANACETIFOLIA.
Tansy-leaved Medlar.
CLASS XII. ORDER V.
CLASS 12. ORDER V.
ICOSANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Twenty Chives. Five Pointals.
ICOSANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. 20 Chives. 5 Pointals.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Calyx 5-fidus. Petala 5. Bacca infera, 5-sperma.
Calyx 5-fidus. Petals 5. Berry below, 5-seed.
Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5. Berry below, 5-seeded.
Calyx 5-lobed. 5 petals. Berry below, with 5 seeds.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Mespilus floribus bracteatis; foliis pinnatifidis; laciniis argutè serratis, pubescentibus.
Mespilus (medlar) with bracted flowers; leaves are pinnately divided; the lobes are sharply serrated and hairy.
Mespilus with bracts to the flowers; the leaves wing-cleft, with the divisions sawed and downy.
Mespilus with flower bracts; the leaves are split with pointed divisions that are saw-toothed and fuzzy.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
Reference to the plate.
2. A branch with mature fruit.
Neither is this species enumerated in the works of Linnæus. The great French botanist Tournefort, who discovered it on the mountains of Anatolia in 1701, thus describes it: “These mountains produce a fine sort of Azarolíer or Medlar-tree; there are some as big as oaks. Their trunk is covered with a cleft grayish bark; the branches are bushy, and spreading out on the sides; the leaves are in bunches two inches and a half long, fifteen lines broad, shining, a little hairy on both sides, commonly divided into three parts even to the rib, and these parts indented very neatly on the edges, pretty much like the leaves of tansy; the part at the end of the leaf is again divided into three parts. The fruit grow two or three together at the end of the young shoots, and resemble small apples of an inch diameter with five roundings like the ribs of a melon, a little hairy, pale green inclining to a yellow, with a navel raised of five leaves. We sometimes find one or two of these leaves growing out of the flesh of the fruit, or its stalk. The fruit though agreeable is not so pleasant as our Medlar, but I believe it would be excellent if it were cultivated. The Armenians not only eat as much of this as they can, but likewise fill their bags. The short period the tree has been introduced (not above 20 years, as we are informed) will not allow any in England, as yet, to have reached the size above mentioned; and we much doubt whether it may be thought worthy of cultivation here for the fruit: but the beauty of the tree and agreeable fragrance of the blossoms sufficiently recommend it to a place in the pleasure-garden. This and the last described species with the artificial characters of the genus Mespilus have all the natural habits of Cratægus, and show how ill even our most admired systems are calculated to trace and mark these fine gradations, which, while they yet distinguish, closely connect all nature. Too often the hue and cry of “Heretics! Innovators!” thundered out by the schools against all who will not implicitly follow their dogmas, drive the calm and unprejudiced students of nature out of the field. Yet he that discovers one new truth is surely a benefactor to society; but he that defends and inculcates error is a tyrant in the kingdom of Nature.
Neither is this species listed in Linnæus's works. The famous French botanist Tournefort, who found it in the mountains of Anatolia in 1701, describes it this way: “These mountains produce a beautiful type of Azarolíer or Medlar tree; some are as big as oak trees. Their trunk is covered with a split grayish bark; the branches are bushy and spread out on the sides; the leaves grow in clusters, about two and a half inches long and fifteen lines wide, shiny, slightly hairy on both sides, usually divided into three parts down to the rib, and these parts are neatly notched on the edges, similar to tansy leaves; the tip of the leaf is divided again into three parts. The fruit grows in pairs or threes at the ends of the young shoots and looks like small apples, about an inch in diameter, with five rounded ridges like a melon and is a bit hairy, pale green leaning towards yellow, with a navel raised in five leaves. Sometimes we find one or two of these leaves growing out of the flesh of the fruit or its stem. Although the fruit is pleasant, it's not as tasty as our Medlar, but I believe it would be excellent if cultivated. The Armenians not only eat as much of this as they can but also fill their bags. Since the tree has only been introduced for a short time (not more than 20 years, as we’ve been told), no one in England has managed to grow one to the size mentioned; and we doubt whether it will be considered worth cultivating here for its fruit. However, the beauty of the tree and the pleasant scent of its blossoms certainly recommend it for a spot in the pleasure garden. This species and the previously described one, with the artificial traits of the genus Mespilus, have all the natural characteristics of Cratægus, and highlight how poorly our most respected systems manage to trace and define these fine gradations, which, while distinguishing, closely connect all of nature. Too often, the outcry of “Heretics! Innovators!” shouted by the schools against anyone who doesn't blindly follow their doctrines, pushes calm and unbiased students of nature away from their studies. But someone who discovers a new truth is undoubtedly a benefit to society; meanwhile, someone who defends and promotes falsehoods is a tyrant in the realm of Nature.
PLATE DXCII.
MIMOSA GRANDIFLORA.
Great-flowered Mimosa.
CLASS XXIII. ORDER I.
CLASS 23. ORDER 1.
POLYGAMIA MONOECIA. Flowers Male, Female, and Hermaphrodite, on the same Plant.
POLYGAMIA MONOECIA. Male, female, and hermaphrodite flowers on the same plant.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Hermaphroditi. Calyx 5-dentatus. Corolla 5-fida vel 5-petala. Stamina 4-200. Pistillum 1. Legumen bivalve.
Intersex. Calyx with 5 teeth. Corolla with 5 lobes or 5 petals. Stamina ranging from 4 to 200. Pistil 1. Bivalve legume.
Masculi. Calyx 5-dentatus. Corolla 5-fida sen 5-petala. Stamina 4-200.
Men. Calyx with 5 teeth. Corolla with 5 lobes or 5 petals. Stamens ranging from 4 to 200.
Hermaphrodites. Cup 5-toothed. Blossom 5-cleft or 5-petalled. Chives 4 to 200. Shaft 1. Pod two-valved.
Intersex individuals. Cup with 5 teeth. Flower with 5 splits or 5 petals. Chives range from 4 to 200. Stem is 1. Pod has two valves.
Male Flowers. Cup 5-toothed. Blossom 5-cleft, or of 5 petals. Chives 4 to 200.
Male Flowers. Cup with 5 points. Blossom has 5 divisions or 5 petals. Chives range from 4 to 200.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Mimosa inermis, foliis bipinnatis, multijugis, ciliatis; racemo composito terminali.
Mimosa cocktail inermis, with pinnate leaves, multiple pinnae, and fringed edges; terminal composite raceme.
Acacia grandiflora. Willd. Sp. Pl. 4. p. 1074.
Acacia grandiflora. Willd. Sp. Pl. 4. p. 1074.
Mimosa unarmed, with doubly-winged leaves in many pairs and ciliated, and flowers in a compound terminating bunch.
Mimosa cocktail unarmed, with double-winged leaves in many pairs and fringed, and flowers in a cluster at the end.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
The chives unfurl. The point.
This species, conspicuous by its tall woody stems, large purple blossoms, and delicate foliage, was brought to the Royal Gardens at Kew from India by Mrs. Norman, about the year 1769. It is a plant of quick growth, and blossoms freely, but has never produced any pods in this country. The only figure of it we have seen is that by Reinagle in Dr. Thornton’s Illustration of the System of Linnæus. A plate however was finished for L’Heritier, who first described it; but his death prevented its publication. The stamens (as in many other Mimosas) are united near the base. The blossoms open in succession from the bottom of the bunch upwards, and continue great part of the summer. The leaves are deciduous. The specimen was communicated from Boyton by A. B. Lambert, esq. in August.
This species, noticeable for its tall woody stems, large purple flowers, and delicate leaves, was brought to the Royal Gardens at Kew from India by Mrs. Norman around 1769. It grows quickly and flowers abundantly, but has never produced any pods in this country. The only illustration we've seen is by Reinagle in Dr. Thornton’s Illustration of the System of Linnæus. A plate was finished for L’Heritier, who first described it, but his death stopped its publication. The stamens (like in many other Mimosas) are joined near the base. The flowers bloom in succession from the bottom of the cluster upward and continue for most of the summer. The leaves are deciduous. The specimen was shared from Boyton by A. B. Lambert, esq. in August.
PLATE DXCIII.
CROTALARIA TETRAGONA.
Four-sided Crotalaria.
CLASS XVII. ORDER IV.
CLASS 17. ORDER 4.
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Two Brotherhoods. Ten Stamens.
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Two Brotherhoods. Ten Stamens.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Legumen pedicellatum, turgidum. Stamina omnia connexa.
Legumen pedicellatum, turgid. All stamens connected.
Pod on a stalk, swollen. Stamens all connected.
Podcast on a stem, enlarged. Stamens all linked together.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Crotalaria caule tetragono, strigoso; petiolis brevibus, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis, acuminatis; stipulis caulem amplexantibus.
Crotalaria with a square stem, hairy; short petioles, elongated lance-shaped leaves, pointed; stipules embracing the stem.
Crotalaria with the stem 4-sided, with flat pressed hairs: short footstalks: leaves oblong-lanced, and pointed: stipules embracing the stem.
Crotalaria has a square stem covered with flat, pressed hairs: short stalks: leaves that are oblong and pointed: stipules that wrap around the stem.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
2. The chives and scallions.
Seed-bud and pointal.
This new and very ornamental species is remarkable for having the under lip of the calyx often undivided, and every part of the plant up to the blossom covered with shining close-pressed hairs: nor are they entirely wanting on the blossom; on the lower part of the keel they are very conspicuous, hanging downwards like a little beard. A groove with a fringe on each side runs also along the upper side of the style towards the summit. Two thread-shaped silky stipules rise at the base of every leaf-stalk, and, being reflected backwards, closely embrace the stem. A solitary stipule also rises at the base of each flower-stalk, and two where it unites with the calyx: but these, from their singular situation, must perhaps be considered as bracteæ.
This new and very decorative species stands out because the under lip of the calyx is often not divided, and every part of the plant up to the blossom is covered with shiny, tightly pressed hairs. There are also some hairs on the blossom; on the lower part of the keel, they are quite noticeable, hanging down like a small beard. A groove with a fringe on either side runs along the upper side of the style towards the top. Two thread-like silky stipules rise at the base of each leaf stalk, and they bend backward to closely hug the stem. A single stipule also rises at the base of each flower stalk, with two more where it connects with the calyx; however, because of their unique position, these might be seen as bracts.
We were favoured with the specimens in November from Lord Valentia’s gardens at Arley, along with the Plectranthus barbata. His Lordship received the seeds last year from Dr. Roxburgh in India, by the name of Crotalaria tetragona. The plant appears to be shrubby. No account of the species has before been published. Its place in the genus is near to the Crotalaria juncea figured in our sixth volume.
We received the samples in November from Lord Valentia’s gardens at Arley, along with the Plectranthus barbata. His Lordship got the seeds last year from Dr. Roxburgh in India, under the name Crotalaria tetragona. The plant seems to be shrubby. There hasn’t been any published information about this species before. It’s closely related to the Crotalaria juncea shown in our sixth volume.
PLATE DXCIV.
PLECTRANTHUS BARBATUS.
Bearded Plectranthus.
CLASS XIV. ORDER I.
CLASS XIV. ORDER I.
DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. Four unequal Stamens. Naked Seeds.
DIDYNAMIA GYMNOSPERMIA. Four unequal stamens. Exposed seeds.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Essential Generic Character.
Calyx laciniâ summâ majore. Corolla resupinata, ringens; tubo sursùm gibbo vel calcarato.
Calyx with a larger, deeply divided upper part. The corolla is turned upside down, with an open shape; the tube has a prominent bump or spur at the top.
Cup with the upper division largest. Blossom lying on its back, gaping; tube with a spur above or swelled out.
Mug with the upper division the largest. Blossom lying on its back, wide open; tube with a spur above or bulging out.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Plectranthus racemis bracteatis, bracteis deciduis; foliis ovatis, crenatis, pubescentibus, rugosis, per petioles decurrentibus: corollæ labio superiore emarginato brevissimo; inferiore subovato, concavo, hirsuto.
Plectranthus racemis with deciduous bracts; the leaves are oval, wavy, fuzzy, and wrinkled, with petioles that extend downwards: the upper part of the corolla is very short and notched; the lower part is somewhat oval, hollow, and hairy.
Plectranthus with bracts to the bunches, bracts falling off: the leaves oval, scolloped, downy and wrinkled, running down the footstalks; the upper lip of the blossom short, and slightly notched; the lower nearly ovate, compressed and hairy.
Plectranthus has clusters of bracts that eventually fall off. The leaves are oval, scalloped, soft to the touch, and wrinkled, extending down the stems. The upper lip of the flower is short and a bit notched, while the lower lip is almost oval, flattened, and hairy.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
Plate reference.
2. A flower with the petals trimmed to reveal the chives.
3. The seed bud and ovary, enlarged.
The stem of Plectranthus is four-sided with blunt corners, and woolly. The leaves are fleshy, minutely dotted on both sides, and border their footstalks down to the stem. The flower-stalks, the lower part of the cups, and under lip of the blossom, are set with stiff clear bristles. The tube of the blossom is without a spur, and swelled on the upper side. Every part of the plant has a powerful fragrance. The specimens were communicated in November by Mr. Giddings, gardener to Lord Valentia at Arley; with a letter stating, that he raised the plants from Abyssinian seeds sent home by his Lordship about four years ago, and that they grow at Arley to about two feet in height, and thrive with the common treatment of stove plants.
The stem of Plectranthus is square with rounded edges and covered in fuzz. The leaves are thick, with tiny dots on both sides, and they extend down to the stem along their stalks. The flower stalks, the lower part of the flowers, and the underside of the bloom are lined with stiff clear bristles. The flower tube has no spur and is swollen on the top side. Every part of the plant has a strong fragrance. The samples were provided in November by Mr. Giddings, the gardener for Lord Valentia at Arley; he also sent a letter stating that he grew the plants from Abyssinian seeds sent home by his Lordship about four years ago, and that they reach about two feet tall at Arley, thriving with the usual care for stove plants.
The first species known of this genus, Plectranthus punctatus, the Ocymum punctatum of Linnæus, was also brought from Abyssinia by the celebrated Bruce.
The first species identified in this genus, Plectranthus punctatus, known as Ocymum punctatum by Linnæus, was also brought from Abyssinia by the famous Bruce.
PLATE DXCV.
PANAX FRUTICOSUM.
Shrubby Panax.
CLASS XXIII. ORDER II.
CLASS 23. ORDER 2.
POLYGAMIA DIŒCIA. Flowers Male, Female, and Hermaphrodite on different Plants.
POLYGAMIA DIŒCIA. Male, female, and hermaphrodite flowers on different plants.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Hermaphroditus. Umbella. Calyx 5-dentatus, superus. Corolla 5-petala. Stamina 5. Styli 2 vel 3, sæpe cohærentes. Bacca 2-vel 3-sperma, infera.
Hermaphrodite. Umbrella. Calyx 5-toothed, upper. Corolla 5-petaled. Stamens 5. Styles 2 or 3, often fused. Berry 2 or 3-seeded, lower.
Hermaphrodite. An umbel. Cup 5-toothed, above. Blossom 5-petalled. Stamens 5. Shafts 2 or 3, sometimes cohering. Berry 2-or 3-seeded, below.
Intersex. An umbel. Cup with 5 teeth, on top. Blossom with 5 petals. Stamens 5. Stems 2 or 3, sometimes sticking together. Berry with 2 or 3 seeds, below.
The male or female flowers we have never seen.
The male or female flowers we have never seen.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Panax foliis supradecompositis, dentato-ciliatis; caule fruticoso. Willd. Sp. Pl.
Ginseng has compound leaves that are serrated with fine hairs; it has a bushy stem. Willd. Sp. Pl.
Panax with leaves more than doubly compound, ciliated with little teeth; the stem shrubby.
Ginseng with leaves that are more than twice compound, fringed with tiny teeth; the stem is bushy.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
The pointals. Miniature plant.
On examining the flowers of this curious and rare species of Panax, we were a little startled to find how widely they differed from the character of the genus; being trigynous, and the berry three-seeded. Professor Jacquin has also observed the same variation in the flowers of P. aculeatum (see his Icones, tab. 634); and fifty years ago Trew observed and delineated the same number of styles in Panax trifolium, one of the original species upon which the genus was established. Nor had this escaped the scrutinizing eye of that profound observer of nature Bernard Jussieu. From these authorities, therefore, in consonance with our own observations, we have enlarged the character of the genus to include the species. Panax fruticosum, as we learn from Rumphius’s Herbarium Amboinense, vol. iv. p. 78 and 79, rises to between five and six feet in height, with a stem as thick as a man’s arm, and grows naturally in the Island of Ternate, where it is also much cultivated by the natives for food, medicine, and œconomy; being planted to separate the areas of their gardens and mark the boundaries of their fields. The boiled leaves are eaten as greens, and a decoction both of the leaves and root is used successfully in nephritic diseases, for which they also sometimes prescribe the roots to be eaten raw. The fame of the plant as a powerful diuretic is also great in Amboyna; where, as well as in Ternate, it is commonly planted both for ornament and use. Labillardiere, the French botanist, who accompanied the expedition that sailed in quest of the unfortunate Lapeyrouse, informs us (in his account of the voyage) that when at Amboyna he found this plant encircling the tomb of the venerable Rumphius, its first described.
On examining the flowers of this unusual and rare species of Panax, we were a bit surprised to find how much they varied from the typical characteristics of the genus; they are trigynous, and the berry has three seeds. Professor Jacquin also noted the same variation in the flowers of P. aculeatum (see his Icones, tab. 634); and fifty years ago, Trew observed and illustrated the same number of styles in Panax trifolium, one of the original species that helped define the genus. This variation did not escape the keen observation of the naturalist Bernard Jussieu. Based on these experts, along with our own observations, we have expanded the genus's definition to include the species. Panax fruticosum, as noted in Rumphius’s Herbarium Amboinense, vol. iv. p. 78 and 79, grows to about five to six feet tall, with a stem as thick as a man's arm, and is found naturally on the Island of Ternate, where it is also extensively cultivated by the locals for food, medicine, and practical uses; it is often planted to separate the areas of their gardens and to mark the boundaries of their fields. The boiled leaves are eaten as greens, and a decoction of both the leaves and root is effectively used for kidney diseases, with roots sometimes recommended to be eaten raw. The plant is well-known in Amboyna as a strong diuretic; there, as well as in Ternate, it is commonly grown for both decoration and practical uses. Labillardiere, the French botanist who joined the expedition that sought the ill-fated Lapeyrouse, tells us (in his account of the voyage) that while in Amboyna, he found this plant surrounding the grave of the esteemed Rumphius, its first describer.
The famous Gin-seng, to which the Chinese attribute such extraordinary virtues, and which, as Osbeck informs us, was commonly sold in their shops in 1751 (see his Travels, English edit. p. 222) for from 30 to 40 times its weight in silver, and which one of their Emperors, 40 years before that, sent 10,000 Tartars in quest of at once, is said by that author to be a species of Panax; but the plant is yet unknown in Europe. Panax fruticosum, we are informed, was introduced to this country about the year 1800, and requires to be kept in the hot-house. The specimen was communicated from Boyton by A. B. Lambert, esq.
The famous Ginseng, which the Chinese claim has incredible benefits, and which, as Osbeck tells us, was typically sold in their stores in 1751 (see his Travels, English edition, p. 222) for 30 to 40 times its weight in silver, and which one of their Emperors sent 10,000 Tartars to find 40 years earlier, is said by that author to be a type of Panax; however, the plant is still not known in Europe. We learn that Panax fruticosum was brought to this country around the year 1800 and needs to be kept in a hot-house. The specimen was sent from Boyton by A. B. Lambert, Esq.
PLATE DXCVI.
LAURUS CINNAMOMUM.
Cinnamon Tree.
CLASS IX. ORDER I. OR CLASS XXII. ORDER VII.
CLASS IX. ORDER I. OR CLASS XXII. ORDER VII.
ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA, or DIŒCIA POLYANDRIA. Nine Stamens. One Style, or Male and Female Flowers on different Plants. Stamens more than Seven.
ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA, or DIŒCIA POLYANDRIA. Nine stamens. One style, or male and female flowers on different plants. More than seven stamens.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Calyx nullus. Corolla 6-partita, glandulis tribus germen cingentibus. Filamenta interiora glandulifera. Drupa 1-sperma.
Calyx none. Corolla 6-parted, with three glands surrounding the ovary. Inner filaments are gland-bearing. Drupe with 1 seed.
Cup none. Blossom 6-parted. Glands three, surrounding the germen. Inner filaments bearing glands. Berry dry, one-seeded.
Mug none. Blossom with 6 parts. Three glands surround the ovary. Inner filaments have glands. Berry is dry and has one seed.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Laurus foliis trinerviis ovato-oblongis, nervis versus apicem evanescentibus. Willdenow, Sp. Pl. vol. 2. p. 477.
Laurus leaves are three-veined, oval to elongated in shape, and the veins fade towards the tip. Willdenow, Sp. Pl. vol. 2. p. 477.
Leaves three nerved, oval-oblong, nerves vanishing towards the point of the leaf.
Foliage have three veins, oval-oblong in shape, with the veins disappearing towards the tip of the leaf.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
The point.
For the first tolerable figure of the Cinnamon tree we are indebted to Dr. Hermann, Professor of Botany at Leyden who had also the honour of introducing it to Europe, having brought living plants with him, on his return from Ceylon, which vegetated in the Leyden Academy’s garden, and in the gardens of Mynheers Benting and Beverning between two and three years, until a severe winter destroyed them. See his Catalogue of the Plants in the Leyden Garden (Horti Academici Lugduno-Batavi Catalogus), page 130, plates 665 and 666. This fact is the more curious, as Linnæus, describing the Cinnamon from dried specimens in his noble patron Clifford’s collection, fifty years after, speaks of it as a plant forbidden to our shores; which Europe had never seen alive, and could hardly hope to see, or to retain even if it could be procured.
For the first decent description of the Cinnamon tree, we owe thanks to Dr. Hermann, a Botany Professor at Leyden, who also had the honor of introducing it to Europe. He brought living plants back with him from Ceylon, which thrived in the Leyden Academy’s garden, as well as in the gardens of Mynheers Benting and Beverning for about two to three years, until a harsh winter wiped them out. See his Catalogue of the Plants in the Leyden Garden (Horti Academici Lugduno-Batavi Catalogus), page 130, plates 665 and 666. This is interesting because Linnæus, who described the Cinnamon from dried specimens in his esteemed patron Clifford’s collection fifty years later, refers to it as a plant forbidden to our shores, which Europe had never seen alive and could hardly hope to see, or to keep even if it could be obtained.
The Cinnamon was first cultivated in England by Mr. Miller in the Apothecaries’ garden at Chelsea about the year 1768; who probably received it from Holland, the Spice plantations at that time being entirely in the hands of the Dutch. No figure of it has before been published in this country, nor any account of its flowering. It grows naturally in the Island of Ceylon, from whence the vast quantity annually imported into Europe is supplied. The following method of procuring and preparing the bark is abridged from Thunberg’s Travels. Proper trees being selected, that is, those that are neither too young nor too old, the branches of three years growth are cut off with a pruning-knife, and their green outer bark scraped off with a crooked knife. The remaining bark is then ripped up lengthwise and peeled off and the smaller pieces being drawn into the larger, they are laid in the sun to dry. After being sufficiently dried, they are tied up in bundles of about 30 pounds weight each, and brought to the Company’s storehouses, where inspectors appointed for that purpose examine every bundle by tasting of it; and on its being approved of, it is tied in bundles of about 85 pounds weight each, which are then sewed into double woollen sacks, over which black pepper is strewed to attract any remaining moisture, and in this state shipped for Europe. From the dust and fragments remaining in the warehouses the extremely valuable and rare oil of Cinnamon is distilled. An oil is also distilled from the leaves, another from the fruit, and a fourth from the bark of the root.
The Cinnamon was first grown in England by Mr. Miller in the Apothecaries’ garden at Chelsea around 1768; he likely got it from Holland, as the Spice plantations were completely under Dutch control at that time. There hasn't been any published illustration of it in this country before, nor any description of its flowering. It grows naturally on the Island of Ceylon, which is where the large quantities imported into Europe each year come from. The following method for obtaining and preparing the bark is summarized from Thunberg’s Travels. Proper trees are selected, meaning they are neither too young nor too old; branches that are three years old are cut off with a pruning knife, and the green outer bark is scraped off with a curved knife. The remaining bark is sliced lengthwise and peeled off, and the smaller pieces are rolled into the larger ones, then laid out in the sun to dry. After drying sufficiently, they are tied into bundles of about 30 pounds each and taken to the Company’s storehouses, where inspectors taste every bundle; if approved, the bundles are tied up again into groups of about 85 pounds each, sewn into double woolen sacks, and sprinkled with black pepper to draw out any leftover moisture before being shipped to Europe. From the dust and fragments left in the warehouses, the extremely valuable and rare Cinnamon oil is distilled. Oil is also distilled from the leaves, another from the fruit, and a fourth from the bark of the root.
Cinnamon is also found wild in the woods of Martinico, according to Professor Jacquin; but the Ceylon Cinnamon is always considered the best.
Cinnamon also grows wild in the forests of Martinique, according to Professor Jacquin; however, Ceylon Cinnamon is always regarded as the best.
We are informed by our friend Mr. Anderson, that a Cinnamon tree in the garden of the Bishop of Winchester at Farnham Castle (perhaps the finest in England) has for many years blossomed and ripened its fruit annually, and that great numbers of young trees have been raised from the fruit, which have far surpassed for healthiness and hardiness the plants commonly obtained from layers, or those imported; and which leads us to hope that the Cinnamon trees may soon become more common and less difficult of cultivation: and his lordship’s great success with it will, we hope, serve to stimulate others. We have also seen a drawing in Mr. Lambert’s collection, taken in the Bishop of Durham’s garden at Mongewell, where it flowered, as we are informed by his lordship, in February 1796.
We’ve been told by our friend Mr. Anderson that there’s a cinnamon tree in the garden of the Bishop of Winchester at Farnham Castle (probably the best one in England) that has been blooming and producing fruit every year for many years now. He mentioned that a large number of young trees have been grown from its fruit, which are much healthier and hardier than the plants typically grown from layering or those imported. This gives us hope that cinnamon trees may soon become more common and easier to cultivate. We hope that his lordship's great success with it will inspire others. We’ve also seen a drawing in Mr. Lambert’s collection showing it blooming in the Bishop of Durham’s garden at Mongewell, where it flowered, as his lordship informed us, in February 1796.
The Cinnamon tree requires to be kept in the bark-bed in the stove, and is propagated by cuttings and layers.
The cinnamon tree needs to be kept in a bed of bark in the stove and is grown from cuttings and layers.
Our drawing was made in the month of February at J. Knight’s nursery, King’s Road, from a fine plant upwards of three feet high.
Our drawing was done in February at J. Knight’s nursery, King’s Road, from a healthy plant over three feet tall.
PLATE DXCVII.
TROPÆOLUM PEREGRINUM.
The Little Bird Plant.
CLASS VIII. ORDER I.
Class 8. Order 1.
OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Eight Stamens. One Style.
OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Eight stamens. One style.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Calyx monophyllus, calcaratus, quinquefidus. Petala duo ad quinque. Stigma trifidum, seu stigmata tria. Drupæ tres, siccæ, et monospermæ.
Calyx monophyllus, calcaratus, quinquefidus. Two to five petals. Trifid stigma, or three stigmas. Three dry, monospermic drupes.
Cup of one leaf with a spur five-cleft. Petals two to five. Summits three, or summit three-cleft. Berries three, dry, and one-seeded.
Mug of one leaf with a five-part spur. Petals ranging from two to five. Tops three, or top three-parted. Berries three, dry, and containing one seed each.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Tropæolum petalis serrato-incisis, duobus maximis, tribus minimis. Jacq. Hort. Schœnb. 1. p. 51. tab. 98.
Tropaeolum with serrated petals, two large ones and three smaller ones. Jacq. Hort. Schœnb. 1. p. 51. tab. 98.
Tropæolum with the petals tooth-gashed, two much larger than the rest; three very small.
Tropaeolum with the petals having jagged edges, two much larger than the rest; three very small.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
The Tropæolum peregrinum grows naturally in Peru, and was gathered wild by the French naturalist Feuillée near the town of Lima. The native name, according to that author, is Malla; the Spaniards call it Paxarito, which signifies a little bird; from the resemblance the expanded blossoms have to little humming-birds flying. Attaching itself by the long footstalks of the leaves to the branches, the plant often ascends to the very summits of trees in its native soil; and Professor Jacquin, director of the Emperor of Germany’s gardens at Schœnbrunn, informs us (in the work above quoted) that it grew there in the open ground to twenty-six feet in length, with a stem of a finger’s thickness, and a great many branches, but produced no flowers until transplanted into the green-house. A. B. Lambert, esq. who communicated the specimen from his gardens at Boyton last November, informs us that he cultivated it in a three-light melon-frame, which it completely filled, branching in all directions, and producing almost innumerable blossoms. The seeds but rarely ripen in this country, and are generally imported from Spain or Portugal. The plant, however, may be propagated by cuttings. Besides the five species of Tropæolum enumerated in the edition of the Species Plantarum by Willdenow, and the new species in our last volume (T. pennatum), three more species are described and figured in the Flora Peruviana of Ruiz and Pavon; some of which, and others of the many beautiful flowers of that country, the great intercourse now carried on with South America gives us to hope that we may soon see. One of the species in the Flora Peruviana having only two petals, has obliged us to make a little alteration in the generic character.
The Tropæolum peregrinum grows naturally in Peru and was collected in the wild by the French naturalist Feuillée near Lima. The native name, according to that author, is Malla; the Spaniards call it Paxarito, which means "little bird," due to the way the expanded blossoms resemble small hummingbirds in flight. The plant attaches itself to branches via the long footstalks of its leaves and can often climb to the very tops of trees in its native environment. Professor Jacquin, the director of the Emperor of Germany’s gardens at Schœnbrunn, notes (in the reference mentioned) that it grew in open soil up to twenty-six feet long with a stem the thickness of a finger and numerous branches, but it didn’t produce any flowers until it was moved to the greenhouse. A. B. Lambert, Esq., who shared a specimen from his gardens at Boyton last November, states that he grew it in a three-light melon-frame, which it completely filled, branching out in all directions and producing nearly countless blossoms. The seeds rarely mature in this country and are typically imported from Spain or Portugal. However, the plant can be propagated by cuttings. In addition to the five species of Tropæolum listed in Willdenow’s edition of Species Plantarum and the new species in our last volume (T. pennatum), three more species are described and illustrated in the Flora Peruviana by Ruiz and Pavon; some of these, along with other beautiful flowers from that region, give us hope, thanks to the increased trade with South America, that we will see them soon. One of the species in the Flora Peruviana has only two petals, which has required us to make a slight change in the generic classification.
PLATE DXCVIII.
BÆCKIA VIRGATA.
Twiggy Bæckia.
CLASS VIII. ORDER I.
CLASS 8. ORDER 1.
OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Eight Chives. One Pointal.
OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Eight Chives. One Pistil.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Calyx 5-dentatus. Corolla 5-petala. Capsula 3-seu 4-locularis, polysperma, calyce tecta.
Calyx 5-dentate. Corolla with 5 petals. Capsule with 3 or 4 compartments, multi-seeded, covered by the calyx.
Cup 5-toothed. Blossom of 5 petals. Fruit 3-or 4-celled, many-seeded, covered by the cup.
Mug with 5 teeth. Flower with 5 petals. Fruit with 3 or 4 cells, many seeds, covered by the cup.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Bæckia foliis lineari-lanceolatis pellucido-punctatis, pedunculis axillaribus umbelliferis.
Bækia has narrow lance-shaped leaves with translucent dots and axillary peduncles that form umbels.
Leptospermum virgatum. Forster.
Leptospermum virgatum. *Forster.*
Bæckia with linear-lanced leaves with transparent dots; the flowerstalks axillary, and bearing umbels.
Bæckia has long, pointed leaves with clear spots; the flower stalks grow in the axils and carry clusters of flowers.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
Reference to the plate.
2. The chives and scallions.
3. The same shown from the underside.
In the Island of New Caledonia, celebrated by Captain Cook (above all others) for the courteous, friendly, and honest disposition of the men, and the inflexible virtue of the females, (see his Second Voyage, vol. ii. p. 105 to 127.) and whence every day brought them something new in natural history, this plant with many others was discovered by the two Forsters, who accompanied him as naturalists, and is published in their Genera of Plants gathered in the Islands of the South Seas as a species of Leptospermum. Dr. Smith, however, justly observes, that neither the number of stamens, the fruit, nor the opposite leaves, agree at all with that genus, but most naturally with the Linnean genus Bæckia, of which several species have lately been found in New Holland. The stamens vary from eight to ten; the germen three-celled, with about sixteen seeds in each; but how many of these ripen we have had no opportunity of observing. The leaves are not absolutely without nerves, as described by Forster; we find them faintly three-nerved in his own specimen, but they are more conspicuously so after they become dry, particularly on the under side. In the specimens with which we have been favoured by Mr. Milne from Fonthill, the leaves are a little smaller than those upon the original specimen, which may be occasioned by this plant’s being yet so young, being raised only three years ago in the collection of the Marquis of Bath. The time of flowering is October. The Leptospermum virgatum of Willdenow we cannot quote, his descriptions being from two plants of very different genera jumbled together into one species.
In the Island of New Caledonia, known for the courteous, friendly, and honest nature of the men, and the unwavering virtue of the women, as noted by Captain Cook (see his Second Voyage, vol. ii. p. 105 to 127), the two Forsters, who joined him as naturalists, discovered this plant along with many others. It's published in their Genera of Plants gathered in the Islands of the South Seas as a species of Leptospermum. However, Dr. Smith rightly points out that the number of stamens, the fruit, and the opposite leaves do not match this genus at all, but instead align more closely with the Linnean genus Bæckia, of which several species have recently been found in New Holland. The stamens vary from eight to ten; the germen has three cells, with about sixteen seeds in each; however, we haven't had the chance to observe how many of these actually ripen. The leaves are not completely without nerves, as Forster described; we see them faintly three-nerved in his own specimen, but they become more noticeable after drying, especially on the underside. In the specimens we've received from Mr. Milne at Fonthill, the leaves are slightly smaller than those in the original specimen; this may be due to the plant still being young, as it was raised only three years ago in the collection of the Marquis of Bath. The flowering period is in October. We cannot reference Willdenow's Leptospermum virgatum, as his descriptions come from two different plants mixed together into one species.
In the 277th Number of The Botanical Magazine the writer, endeavouring to destroy the authority of the figure of Yucca gloriosa in The Botanist’s Repository, vol. vii., and establish that of his own as the first, says that our figure cannot belong to that plant, in which “the trunk reaches only from six inches to two feet (Miller says in his Dictionary, from two feet and a half to three feet!) in height, and where the leaves are quite entire; but to Y. aloifolia, whose trunk reaches from 6 to 10 feet in height, and the leaves have a finely crenulate edging.” Our drawing was taken at Lord Boston’s from a plant only ten feet high, the stem little more than three, and the leaves not in the least crenated! The panicle in our figure is also said to be much closer than in that, with its branches likewise more lax and drooping. With all these contradictory qualities, however, it very much resembles Barreliere’s figure of the same, which the writer himself has quoted, and in which the curvature of the buds, which he holds to be so extraordinary, is also conspicuous. No less curious is his objection to the tinge of purple on the flowers. Could it be possible that he had not seen either the plant that he way describing or the drawing of it? (See the figure in The Botanical Magazine.) But we leave the Yuccas to speak for themselves. The filamentosa he has also complimented with five feet of a stem (Botanical Magazine, No. 900), and quoted Micham’s authority for it, although that author expressly says that it is stemless!
In the 277th issue of The Botanical Magazine, the author tries to undermine the credibility of the image of Yucca gloriosa in The Botanist’s Repository, vol. vii., and claim that his own image is the first. He argues that our illustration cannot represent that plant, in which “the trunk only grows from six inches to two feet (Miller notes in his Dictionary, from two and a half to three feet!) in height, and where the leaves are completely smooth; but instead should be Y. aloifolia, which has a trunk that grows from 6 to 10 feet in height, and the leaves have a finely wavy edge.” Our drawing was taken from a plant at Lord Boston’s that was only ten feet tall, with a stem just over three feet, and the leaves aren’t even slightly wavy! The flower cluster in our illustration is also said to be much denser than in the other one, with its branches also appearing more relaxed and drooping. Despite all these differences, it closely resembles Barreliere’s illustration of the same plant, which the author himself mentioned, and in which the bending of the buds, which he thinks is so remarkable, is also clearly visible. Equally puzzling is his objection to the purple tint on the flowers. Could it be that he hasn’t seen either the plant he’s describing or its drawing? (See the figure in The Botanical Magazine.) But we let the Yuccas speak for themselves. He also praised the filamentosa for having a five-foot stem (Botanical Magazine, No. 900) and quoted Micham’s authority on it, even though that author specifically states that it is stemless!
PLATE DXCIX.
CHAMÆROPS HUMILIS.
Dwarf Fan Palm.
CLASS XXIII. ORDER II.
CLASS 23. ORDER 2.
POLYGAMIA DIŒCIA. Stamens and Pointals on different Plants, with some perfect Flowers occasionally.
POLYGAMIA DIŒCIA. Stamens and pistils on different plants, with some perfect flowers appearing now and then.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Generic character.
Masc. Calyx 3-partitus. Corolla 3-petala. Stamina 6.
Male. Calyx divided into 3 parts. Corolla with 3 petals. 6 stamens.
Hermaph. Calyx, corolla et stamina ut in masculis. Styli 3. Drupæ 3, monospermæ.
Intersex. Sepals, petals, and stamens are similar to those in males. There are 3 styles. Fruits are 3, with one seed each.
Males. Cup 3-parted. Blossom 3-petalled. Stamens 6.
Men. Cup divided into 3 parts. Flower with 3 petals. 6 stamens.
Hermaphrodites. Cup, blossom and stamens as in the males. Styles 3. Berries 3, dry, one-seeded.
Intersex individuals. Cup, flower, and stamens like in the males. There are 3 styles. Berries are 3, dry, and contain one seed.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Chamærops frondibus palmatis, stipitibus spinosis, spathâ simplici. Willd. Sp. Pl. 4. p. 1154.
Chamærops with fan-shaped leaves, thorny stems, and a simple spathe. Willd. Sp. Pl. 4. p. 1154.
Chamærops with palmate boughs, prickly footstalks, and simple sheaths.
Chamærops with fan-shaped leaves, spiky stems, and basic sheaths.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
2. The same is shown from the outside.
3. The chives.
The Dwarf Fan-Palm is the only species indigenous to Europe, where it grows naturally in Italy on the coast of Etruria, in the Island of Sicily, and in Spain in the province of Valencia, where we are informed by Cavanilles, in his Icones Plantarum, (vol. ii. p. 12.) it is most commonly found stemless, and in that tract called Desierto de las Palmas, or the Desert of Palms, with stems rarely exceeding two feet in height. In the district of Xabea, however, on the coast of the Mediterranean, he found many with stems fourteen feet high, and one as high as thirty feet. The same author informs us that the lower part of the stem, which enters the earth, and the heads of young blossoms before they burst from the sheath, are eaten by the Spaniards, to whom also the leaves are of the greatest utility, furnishing them with mats, ropes, brooms, and baskets, in the manufacture of which boys are principally employed, and women during the evenings in winter. Many of our fair countrywomen, we fear, spend their evenings less usefully. Professor Pontedera, in his Anthologia, published at Padua in 1720, has given three good plates of the Chamærops and its fructification, taken from a plant, the stem of which was twelve feet high, growing in the public garden there. From this author we learn that the young shoots or suckers from the bottom of the plant (called there cefaglioni) are eaten by the Italians. The Chamærops also grows spontaneously upon uncultivated hills on the coast of Barbary, where the lower part of the young stems and the roots are also eaten by the Moors; and the leaves, after being macerated in water, made into mats, ropes, baskets, &c., as in Spain. (See Desfontaines’ Flora Atlantica, vol. iii. p. 473.) Willdenow takes notice of two varieties of the Chamærops, one of which is nearly stemless, and the other twenty feet in height; and the former of which is probably that cultivated in England, as we have never met with any of a large size, although the plant has been in our gardens since the year 1731; while that in the Jardin des Plantes at Paris, (nearly twenty feet high,) mentioned by Chevalier Lamarck in the Encyclopédie Méthodique, seems to be the second variety. Our drawing was taken early in March, in Malcolm’s Nursery at Kensington, from a male plant about two feet in height with three fine bunches of male blossoms.
The Dwarf Fan-Palm is the only species native to Europe, where it grows naturally in Italy along the coast of Etruria, on the Island of Sicily, and in Spain in the province of Valencia. Cavanilles, in his Icones Plantarum, (vol. ii. p. 12.) notes that it is mostly found without a stem, particularly in an area called Desierto de las Palmas, or the Desert of Palms, where the stems rarely exceed two feet in height. However, in the district of Xabea, on the Mediterranean coast, he found many with stems up to fourteen feet tall, and one as tall as thirty feet. The same author tells us that the lower part of the stem, which goes into the ground, as well as the heads of young blossoms before they open, are eaten by the Spaniards. The leaves are also very useful, providing materials for mats, ropes, brooms, and baskets, with boys mainly doing the manufacturing and women working on them in the evenings during winter. Many of our lovely countrywomen, we worry, spend their evenings in less productive ways. Professor Pontedera, in his Anthologia published in Padua in 1720, included three good illustrations of the Chamærops and its fruits, taken from a plant with a twelve-foot-high stem in the public garden there. From this author, we learn that the young shoots or suckers from the base of the plant (called cefaglioni there) are eaten by Italians. The Chamærops also grows wild on uncultivated hills along the Barbary coast, where the Moors eat the lower parts of the young stems and the roots, and the leaves, after soaking in water, are made into mats, ropes, baskets, etc., just like in Spain. (See Desfontaines’ Flora Atlantica, vol. iii. p. 473.) Willdenow mentions two varieties of Chamærops, one of which is almost stemless and the other reaches twenty feet in height. The former is probably the one cultivated in England, as we have never seen a larger size, even though the plant has been in our gardens since 1731. The one in the Jardin des Plantes in Paris, (almost twenty feet high,) noted by Chevalier Lamarck in the Encyclopédie Méthodique, seems to be the second variety. Our drawing was made in early March at Malcolm’s Nursery in Kensington, from a male plant about two feet tall with three beautiful clusters of male blossoms.
PLATE DC.
GÆRTNERA RACEMOSA.
Raced Gærtnera.
CLASS X. ORDER I.
Class X. Order I.
DECANDRIA MONO-DI-TRIGYNIA. Ten Chives. One to Three Pointals.
DECANDRIA MONO-DI-TRIGYNIA. Ten stamens. One to three petals.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Generic character.
Calyx 5-partitus. Petala 5 lacero-ciliata, inæqualia. Stamina decem, unicum reliquis longius. Stylus incurvus. Stigma simplex. Germen triloculare, 3-spermum. Samara inæqualiter quadrialata, monosperma.
Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, jagged-edged, unequal. Ten stamens, one longer than the others. Curved style. Simple stigma. Three-lobed ovary, with 3 seeds. Samara unevenly four-winged, one-seeded.
Cup five-parted. Petals five, cut-fringed, unequal. Stamens ten, one longer than the rest. Style incurved. Summit simple. Seed-bud of three cells with three seeds. Fruit with four unequal wings, one-seeded.
Mug with five sections. Five petals, irregular and fringed. Ten stamens, one longer than the others. Style curves inward. Simple top. Seed pod with three compartments, each containing a seed. Fruit has four uneven wings, each with one seed.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFER TO THE PLATE.
2. The same is shown from the outside.
3. The chives and pointals. 4. The seed bud and pointals.
The capsule.
This curious and interesting plant, originally considered as a species of Banisteria by Linnæus, was very properly separated and named in honour of the celebrated Gærtner by Schreber in his Genera Plantarum; and Cavanilles nearly about the same time published it in his Ninth Dissertation, under the name of Molina, in honour of the author of the Natural History of Chili. Gærtnera however has the right of priority, and has been continued by Dr. Roxburgh in his Plants of the Coast of Coromandel, where he has given a figure and description of the plant, (vol. i. p. 19. tab. 18.) and by Willdenow in his edition of the Species Plantarum.
This fascinating and intriguing plant, initially classified as a species of Banisteria by Linnæus, was appropriately reclassified and named in honor of the renowned Gærtner by Schreber in his Genera Plantarum; around the same time, Cavanilles published it in his Ninth Dissertation, under the name of Molina, to honor the author of the Natural History of Chili. However, Gærtnera has the priority for the name and has been retained by Dr. Roxburgh in his Plants of the Coast of Coromandel, where he provided a figure and description of the plant (vol. i. p. 19. tab. 18.) and by Willdenow in his edition of the Species Plantarum.
On examining the fructification, we have found the plant more closely allied to Banisteria than has hitherto been suspected, the styles being commonly two with a rudiment of a third, and the germen three-locular with a young seed in each cell; but the inequality of the petals and stamens, the solitary gland on the calyx, and the abortion of the lateral seeds, furnish abundant distinctions.
On examining the fruiting process, we've discovered that the plant is more closely related to Banisteria than previously thought. It usually has two styles with a small third one, and the ovary has three chambers with a developing seed in each. However, the differences in the petals and stamens, the single gland on the calyx, and the lack of the side seeds provide plenty of distinctions.
From the Coromandel plants above quoted we learn that it is a large climbing shrub, growing naturally on the Circar mountains in India, and is commonly cultivated all over that coast on account of the beauty and fragrance of its flowers, which open there during the rainy season. According to Linnæus it is also a native of the Island of Ceylon. No other species of the genus has yet been described. The plant is certainly a great acquisition to our collections, and was introduced from India by the late Lady Amelia Hume about the year 1805. Our specimen was communicated from the collection at Wormley Bury the end of last March.
From the Coromandel plants mentioned above, we learn that it's a large climbing shrub that naturally grows on the Circar mountains in India and is commonly cultivated along that coast because of the beauty and fragrance of its flowers, which bloom during the rainy season. According to Linnæus, it's also native to the Island of Ceylon. No other species of the genus has been described so far. The plant is definitely a valuable addition to our collections and was brought from India by the late Lady Amelia Hume around the year 1805. Our specimen was shared from the collection at Wormley Bury at the end of last March.
PLATE DCI.
CROTALARIA PULCHRA.
Fair Crotalaria.
CLASS XVII. ORDER IV.
CLASS 17. ORDER 4.
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Two Brotherhoods. Ten Stamens.
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Two Families. Ten Stamens.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Generic character.
Legumen pedicellatum, turgidum. Filamenta connata cum figurâ dorsali.
Legume pedicellatum, turgid. Filaments fused with dorsal shape.
Pod on a footstalk, swollen. Filaments united into a tube, which is cleft at the back.
Podcast on a stem, enlarged. Threads fused together to form a tube, which splits at the back.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Crotalaria caule hirsuto; foliis simplicibus, elliptico-obovatis, integerrimis, sericeis, nitentibus; leguminibus calyce tectis bracteisque strigoso-sericeis.
Crotalaria with a hairy stem; leaves simple, elliptical-obovate, completely smooth, silky, and shiny; pods covered by the calyx and surrounded by bracts that are hairy and silky.
Crotalaria with a hairy stem; simple, elliptical, inversely oval, entire, silky, shining leaves: the pods, the calyx which covers them, and the bracts, all shining with silky hairs.
Crotalaria has a hairy stem; its leaves are simple, elliptical, inversely oval, smooth, silky, and shiny: the pods, the calyx that covers them, and the bracts, all gleaming with silky hairs.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE DISH.
The standard. One of the wings. The keel.
Chives and pointal. 6. The seed, bud, and stigma.
The choice collection of the late Lady Amelia Hume, at Wormley-bury, Herts, which before furnished us with the magnificent and unrivalled Pæonia papaveracea, has again produced us this new species of Crotalaria, seeds of which were received by her ladyship, about the year 1807, from the East Indies, under the name of C. pulcherrima, which we have abridged to pulchra, as we can hardly presume to say which species is most beautiful before we have seen the whole genus, which, from the large catalogue of Indian species by Dr. Roxburgh in his unpublished Indian Flora, a copy of which we have seen in the collection of A. B. Lambert, esq. (besides the forty-four species already published by Willdenow) we think is not soon likely to happen.
The selected collection of the late Lady Amelia Hume, at Wormley-bury, Herts, which previously provided us with the stunning and unmatched Pæonia papaveracea, has once again given us this new species of Crotalaria. Seeds of this plant were received by her ladyship around 1807 from the East Indies, under the name C. pulcherrima, which we have shortened to pulchra, as we can hardly claim which species is the most beautiful before we have seen the entire genus. Based on the extensive list of Indian species compiled by Dr. Roxburgh in his unpublished Indian Flora, a copy of which we have seen in the collection of A. B. Lambert, esq. (in addition to the forty-four species already published by Willdenow), we think this is unlikely to happen anytime soon.
Crotalaria pulchra is as yet in very few collections in this country, nor have we heard of its blossoming in any other collection. The foreign specimens which we have seen with the Catalogue above mentioned in the same collection have very large spreading bunches of flowers, and there can be no doubt but the plants in this country, when a little stronger, will blossom with equal profusion. The plant is a native of the Mysore country in the East Indies. We received the specimen in the middle of March last.
Crotalaria pulchra is still found in very few collections in this country, and we haven't heard of it blooming in any other collections either. The foreign specimens we've seen, as listed in the Catalogue mentioned earlier, have very large, spreading clusters of flowers. There's no doubt that the plants in this country, once they are a bit more established, will flower just as abundantly. This plant originates from the Mysore region in the East Indies. We received the specimen in the middle of March.
PLATE DCII.
GLYCINE COMPTONIANA.
Comptonian Glycine.
CLASS XVII. ORDER IV.
CLASS 17. ORDER 4.
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Two Brotherhoods. Ten Chives.
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA. Two Brotherhoods. Ten Chives.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Generic Character.
Calyx bilabiatus. Corollæ carina apice vexillum reflectens.
Calyx bilabiatus. The petals have a wing shape at the top that reflects the standard.
Cup two-lipped. Keel of the blossom turning back the standard at the end.
Mug with two lips. The base of the flower curling back the standard at the end.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Glycine volubilis, foliis ternatis elongato-ovatis utrinque glabris, petiolis partialibus supra pubescentibus, racemis axillaribus multi-floris.
Glycine volubilis, with elongated oval leaves that are smooth on both sides, partial petioles that are fuzzy on top, and many-flowered axillary racemes.
Glycine twining; the leaves by threes of a long egg-shape, smooth on both sides; the partial footstalks hairy above; the bunches lateral and many-flowered.
Glycine climbing; the leaves arranged in threes, long and egg-shaped, smooth on both sides; the partial stems are hairy on top; the clusters are on the side and have many flowers.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
The standard. One of the wings. 4. The bottom part of a boat.
Chives and points. The seed bud and pistil.
This elegant species is a native of New Holland, and belongs to that division of the genus with many-seeded pods without any partitions. We find in the germen the rudiments of eight kidneyshaped seeds, but the ripe fruit we have not seen. Having found no antecedent description or figure of the plant, we have named it in honour of Lady Northampton, in whose collection at Castle Ashby it flowered last April. But by whom it was introduced we are uncertain.
This elegant species is native to New Holland and belongs to a group of the genus that has many-seeded pods without any partitions. Inside the germ, we see the beginnings of eight kidney-shaped seeds, but we haven't seen the mature fruit. Since we haven't found any previous description or image of the plant, we named it to honor Lady Northampton, in whose collection at Castle Ashby it bloomed last April. However, we're not sure who introduced it.
PLATE DCIII.
COMMERSONIA DASYPHYLLA.
Hairy-leaved Commersonia.
CLASS V. ORDER V.
CLASS 5. ORDER 5.
PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Five Chives. Five Pointals.
PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Five Chives. Five Points.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Generic Character.
Calyx monophyllus 5-partitus. Petala 5 linearia basi sublobata, apice inflexa. Nectarium 5-partitum. Filamenta ad basin petalorum, brevissima. Germen subglobosum. Styli erecti. Stigmata capitata. Capsula dura, setosa, 5-locularis, 5-valvis, loculis 2-4-spermis.
Calyx monophyllus 5-partitus. Petals 5 linear with slightly lobed bases, bent at the tips. The nectary is divided into 5 parts. Filaments are very short at the base of the petals. The ovary is nearly spherical. Styles are upright. Stigmas are rounded. The capsule is hard, bristly, with 5 chambers, 5 valves, and each chamber contains 2-4 seeds.
Empalement of one leaf 5-parted. Petals 5, linear, commonly lobed at the base, turned in at the point. Nectary 5-parted. Threads at the base of the petals, very short. Seed-bud nearly round. Styles erect with their summits headed. Capsule hard, bristly, with 5 cells and 5 valves, the cells from 2-to 4-seeded.
Impaling of one leaf divided into 5 parts. Petals 5, long and narrow, usually lobed at the base, tapering at the tip. The nectary has 5 sections. The threads at the base of the petals are very short. The seed bud is nearly round. The styles are upright with rounded tips. The capsule is tough and bristly, containing 5 sections and 5 openings, with each section having between 2 to 4 seeds.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Commersonia foliis elongato-cordatis inæqualiter serratis supra subtusque hirsutis.
Commersonia has elongated, heart-shaped leaves that are unevenly serrated, hairy on both the top and bottom.
Commersonia with long heart-shaped unequally toothed leaves hairy on both sides.
Commersonia with long, heart-shaped leaves that have uneven teeth and are hairy on both sides.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
Commersonia dasyphylla is a low branching shrub, a native of New Holland or Van Diemen’s Land, and is remarkable for a powerful odour of cucumbers which it emits when in blossom, and even retains for some time after it is dried. Being a plant which blossoms freely in early spring, and of very easy culture, it well deserves a place in the green-house or conservatory. Only one species of Commersonia has before flowered in England, the C. echinata of our last volume (Plate 519), but which has since been discovered to be a different species from the original C. echinata of Forster; which error we take the present opportunity of correcting, and beg of our readers to erase the name echinata in our 519th plate and description, and substitute platyphylla, with the following specific description:
Commersonia dasyphylla is a low, bushy shrub native to New Holland or Van Diemen’s Land, known for its strong cucumber scent that it releases when in bloom and can even hold onto for a while after drying. It's a plant that blooms abundantly in early spring and is very easy to care for, making it a worthy addition to any greenhouse or conservatory. Previously, only one species of Commersonia had bloomed in England, the C. echinata from our last volume (Plate 519), but it has since been found to be a different species from the original C. echinata described by Forster. We’d like to take this opportunity to correct this error and ask our readers to change the name echinata in our 519th plate and description to platyphylla, along with the following specific description:
Commersonia platyphylla, foliis elongato-cordatis dentatis, supra stellato-hispidulis, subtus hirsutis, mollibus.
Commersonia platyphylla has long heart-shaped leaves with teeth, star-like hairs on top, and is hairy and soft underneath.
Broad-leaved Commersonia with toothed leaves of a long heart-shape, a little rough with star-like bristles on the upper side; hairy and soft below.
Broadleaf Commersonia with jagged, long heart-shaped leaves, somewhat rough with star-like bristles on top; fuzzy and soft underneath.
Another nondescript Commersonia from Van Diemen’s Land is now in our gardens, but has not yet blossomed; and we have seen dried specimens of a fifth species brought from New Holland by the late Governor King, in the collection of A. B. Lambert, esq.
Another unremarkable Commersonia from Tasmania is now in our gardens, but it hasn't bloomed yet; and we've seen dried specimens of a fifth species brought from Australia by the late Governor King, in A. B. Lambert's collection.
We were favoured with the specimen of C. dasyphylla by Mr. Milne, from Fonthill, last April. The plant is at present in very few collections, and has not, we believe, yet blossomed anywhere else in England.
We received a sample of C. dasyphylla from Mr. Milne at Fonthill last April. The plant is currently found in very few collections and, as far as we know, hasn't bloomed anywhere else in England yet.
PLATE DCIV.
MALPIGHIA POLYSTACHIA.
Branching Malpighia.
CLASS X. ORDER I. TO III.
CLASS X. ORDER I. TO III.
DECANDRIA MONO-DI-TRIGYNIA. Ten Chives. One to Three Pointals.
DECANDRIA MONO-DI-TRIGYNIA. Ten Chives. One to Three Petals.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Generic Character.
Calyx 5-phyllus basi extus poris binis melliferis. Petala 5 subrotunda, unguiculata. Filamenta basi cohærentia. Drupa 1-locularis tripyrena, nucibus monospermis.
Calyx with 5 leaves at the base with two external honey-producing pores. Petals 5, rounded, with a claw. Filaments connected at the base. A single-chambered fruit with three seeds, each with one seed inside.
Cup 5-leaved with two honey-bearing pores on the outside at the base. Petals five, nearly round with claws. Threads cohering at the base. Berry fleshy of one cell with three large bony seeds.
Mug 5-leaved with two honey-producing cavities on the outside at the base. Petals five, almost round with stems. Threads sticking together at the base. Berry soft and juicy with one chamber containing three large hard seeds.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Malpighia foliis lanceolato-ovatis integerrimis glabris nitidis, subtus prope basin biglandulosis; racemis axillaribus et terminalibus; pedicellis uniglandulosis; floribus monogynis; stigmate capitato.
Malpighia has smooth, shiny, lanceolate-ovate leaves that are completely intact, with two glands near the base on the underside; it features axillary and terminal racemes; the pedicels have one gland; the flowers are monogynous; and the stigma is headed.
Malpighia with lance-ovate, entire smooth shining leaves, with two glands on their underside near the base; bunches both from the sides and tops of the branches; flowerstalks with one gland; style one; stigma headed.
Malpighia has lance-shaped, smooth, shiny leaves with two glands on the underside near the base; it produces clusters from both the sides and tops of the branches; flower stalks have one gland; there is one style; the stigma is rounded.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
Reference to the plate.
The chives fan out. 3. Seed bud and pointals.
This splendid Malpighia is one of that fine collection of West Indian and American plants (we have before mentioned) made by Lord Seaforth when Governor of Barbadoes, and brought home with him on his return to England. From the catalogue of the collection we learn that the plant is a native of Trinidad, and his Lordship informs us that it was sent to him from that island by Mr. Thompson.
This beautiful Malpighia is part of the impressive collection of West Indian and American plants (we mentioned it before) assembled by Lord Seaforth during his time as Governor of Barbados, and he brought it back with him to England. The collection's catalog reveals that the plant is native to Trinidad, and his Lordship tells us that it was sent to him from that island by Mr. Thompson.
The species ought to be arranged between the M. nitida of Linnæus and M. glandulosa of Cavanilles, from both of which the glands on the leaf and solitary gland on the pedicel easily distinguish it. In the last circumstance, however, it agrees with the M. glandulosa of Jacquin, (see his Icones, tab. 469.) but is totally different both in the flowers and foliage. A. B. Lambert, esq., from whose stove at Boyton we were favoured with the specimen, informs us that it is a shrub of very free growth, throwing out long slender twigs on all sides, and requiring the frequent use of the knife to keep it in due bounds. The bunches of flowers first appeared in November, but did not open until the beginning of April. The leaf-stalks are thinly covered with silky bristles, some of which also appear towards the base of the younger leaves.
The species should be classified between M. nitida by Linnæus and M. glandulosa by Cavanilles, as it can be easily identified by the glands on the leaf and the single gland on the pedicel. However, in this last detail, it matches M. glandulosa as described by Jacquin (see his Icones, tab. 469.), but it is completely different in terms of flowers and leaves. A. B. Lambert, Esq., from whose greenhouse at Boyton we received the specimen, tells us that it’s a shrub that grows very vigorously, producing long, slender twigs all around, and it often needs pruning to keep it in check. The flower clusters first appeared in November but didn’t open until early April. The leaf stalks are lightly covered with silky bristles, some of which also appear near the base of the younger leaves.
PLATE DCV.
PELIOSANTHES TETA.
Bengal Peliosanthes, aka Teta.
CLASS VI. ORDER I.
CLASS 6. ORDER 1.
HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Six Chives. One Pointal.
HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Six Chives. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Generic character.
Calyx nullus. Corolla 6-partita, subrotata, laciniis lato-ovatis obtusis. Nectarium corollâ triplò breviore incumbente, ore angustato integro. Stamina sub ore nectarii affixa. Filamenta subnulla. Stylus crassus, brevis, obtusè trigonus, trisulcatus. Stigma sulculus tripartitus in apice styli. Germen inferum, 3-loculare loculis dispermis. Semina (immatura) obovata, erecta, fundo loculamenti affixa. Fructus bacca? subovata, carnosa.
Calyx none. The corolla is divided into 6 parts, nearly round, with broad, blunt, oval lobes. The nectary is three times shorter than the corolla, with a narrow, entire opening. The stamens are attached just below the mouth of the nectary. There are almost no filaments. The style is thick, short, bluntly triangular, and has three grooves. The stigma has three grooves at the tip of the style. The ovary is inferior, with 3 chambers, which are dispersed. The seeds (immature) are obovate, upright, and attached to the base of the chamber. The fruit is a berry? nearly oval, fleshy.
Cup none. Blossom 6-parted, nearly wheel-shaped, the divisions broadly egg-shaped, blunt. Nectary three times shorter than the blossom, leaning inwards, the mouth narrowed and entire. Stamens affixed under the lip of the nectary. Filaments scarcely any. Pointal fleshy, short, bluntly three-sided, with three furrows. Stigma a little three-branched channel on the top of the pointal. Germ below, of three cells which are two-seeded. Seeds (while young) inversely egg-shaped, erect, and affixed to the bottom of the cells. Fruit a berry? nearly oval, fleshy.
Mug none. Blossom with 6 parts, nearly wheel-shaped, the sections widely egg-shaped and blunt. The nectary is three times shorter than the blossom, tilting inward, with a narrowed and entire opening. Stamens are attached beneath the lip of the nectary. Filaments are barely present. The point is fleshy, short, bluntly three-sided, with three grooves. The stigma is a slightly three-branched channel on top of the point. The germ below has three cells, each containing two seeds. The seeds (when young) are inversely egg-shaped, upright, and attached to the bottom of the cells. The fruit is a berry? nearly oval and fleshy.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
2. Seed-bud and pointal enlarged, with the seeds visible.
3. Seed-bud cut cross-section, magnified.
This very curious plant, so distinct from every genus hitherto described, was introduced from the East Indies, at the same time with the Gærtnera figured in our last number, by the late Lady Amelia Hume. The roots are fibrous and perennial, as are also the leaves, which rise from the root upon footstalks embracing one another at the base, and are of a long lance-shape with strong longitudinal nerves, which are transversely interwoven with little branching veins. The flower-stalks are round, rising to from one to two feet in height, with membranaceous bracts scattered at regular distances, and were four in number in the specimen which we have figured. The blossoms grow in a kind of raceme formed of little bunches or tufts of two to four flowers each: the footstalks are of unequal lengths with a joint near the top, and are attended by incurved bracts at the base, the lowermost bract at each tuft being always the largest. The germ is nearly top-shaped, but a little hexangular upwards. Three of the divisions of the blossom are just perceptibly broader than the other three, and both the corolla and nectary are closely pierced with transparent dots hardly visible to the naked eye, but very distinct when magnified.
This very interesting plant, so different from any other kind described before, was brought over from the East Indies at the same time as the Gærtnera shown in our last issue, by the late Lady Amelia Hume. The roots are fibrous and perennial, as are the leaves, which grow from the root on footstalks that embrace each other at the base. The leaves are long and lance-shaped, with strong longitudinal veins that crisscross with smaller branching veins. The flower stalks are round and can reach heights of one to two feet, with thin bracts spaced evenly along them, and there were four in the specimen we illustrated. The flowers grow in a kind of raceme made up of small clusters of two to four flowers each: the footstalks are of varying lengths with a joint near the top and are accompanied by curved bracts at the base, with the largest bract always being the lowest in each cluster. The ovary is nearly top-shaped but slightly hexagonal at the top. Three of the flower's segments are just a bit wider than the other three, and both the corolla and nectar are dotted with tiny transparent spots that are hardly visible to the naked eye but very clear when magnified.
We have seen a very good coloured drawing of the plant taken in India in the collection of J. Fleming, esq. which represents the fruit (which has not yet ripened in England) as a bluntly oval, fleshy berry, with the seeds in pairs as in the germ. Both this drawing and the plant received from India by Lady Amelia Hume were marked Teta viridiflora; Teta being perhaps (if we may hazard a conjecture) the name applied to the plant by the native Indians. However this may be, as it appears to be known in India by that name, we have retained it for the specific designation; applying to the genus, in conformity to the Linnæan canons, (from πελιος, lividus, and ανθς, flos,) the name of Peliosanthes. Our drawing represents the original plant imported from India, with which we were favoured by Sir Abraham Hume, bart. last April, through the kindness of A. B. Lambert, esq. who has also informed us, from Dr. Roxburgh’s MSS. in his possession, that the plant is found growing naturally about Chittagong in the East Indies. We have just seen two other species of the genus in the curious collection of T. Evans, esq. at Stepney, imported by him last Autumn from Prince of Wales’s Island, of which they are natives. One of them has the leaves nearly of a blue colour; and Mr. Evans’s collector informs us, that he found five or six species growing naturally in the island above mentioned, although he had not the good fortune to bring them alive to England.
We've seen a really nice colored drawing of the plant from India in the collection of J. Fleming, which shows the fruit (which hasn't ripened in England yet) as a bluntly oval, fleshy berry, with the seeds in pairs like in the germ. Both this drawing and the plant sent from India by Lady Amelia Hume were labeled Teta viridiflora; Teta is possibly the name given to the plant by the native Indians. Regardless, since it seems to be recognized in India by that name, we've kept it for the specific designation; applying to the genus, in line with Linnæan rules, the name Peliosanthes. Our drawing shows the original plant brought in from India, which we received from Sir Abraham Hume, bart. last April, thanks to A. B. Lambert, who also informed us, from Dr. Roxburgh’s manuscripts in his possession, that the plant grows naturally in the Chittagong area of the East Indies. We’ve just seen two other species of the genus in the fascinating collection of T. Evans at Stepney, which he imported last autumn from Prince of Wales’s Island, where they are native. One of them has leaves that are nearly blue, and Mr. Evans’s collector told us that he found five or six species growing naturally on the mentioned island, though he wasn't lucky enough to bring them alive to England.
Linnæus was of opinion, that there were not above ten thousand plants in the world; but above five-and-twenty thousand have already been described, and ten thousand probably yet remain to be added to the number!
Linnaeus believed that there were no more than ten thousand plants in the world; however, over twenty-five thousand have already been described, and probably around ten thousand more are yet to be added to that total!
PLATE DCVI.
ZIERIA SMITHII.
Smith's Zieria.
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Four Chives. One Pointal.
TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Four Chives. One Pistil.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Generic character.
Calyx quadripartitus. Petala quatuor. Stamina glabra, glandulis insidentia. Stylus simplex. Stigma subquadrilobum. Capsulæ quatuor coalitæ. Semina arillata.
Calyx quadripartitus. Four petals. Stamens smooth, with glands. Simple style. Stigma somewhat four-lobed. Four united capsules. Seeds with an aril.
Cup four-parted. Petals four. Chives smooth, sitting on glands. Pointal simple. Summit generally four-lobed. Fruit of four cohering capsules. Seeds covered with an arillus.
Mug with four parts. Four petals. Chives are smooth and sit on glands. The style is simple. The top is usually divided into four lobes. The fruit consists of four connected capsules. Seeds are covered with a seed appendage.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
Chives and pointal.
3. A magnified chive.
4. The same is shown from the outside.
5. Empalement, seed bud, and pointal enlarged.
The Zieria Smithii is a dwarf warty shrub with opposite branches, and leaves which are composed of three lanceolate leaflets, rough with transparent dots, which probably secrete an oil, as the bruised leaves are very fragrant. A few small scattered hairs are just visible on their upper surface. The panicles of flowers rise from the axils of the leaves, which they often excel in length, and branch in the same opposite manner as the stem, with linear bracts at the divisions. The cups are very short, finely haired and dotted as the leaves. The petals are broad-lanced, pointed, and slightly tinged with purple on the outside. The genus was established by Dr. Smith in the fourth volume of the Linnean Society’s Transactions, and named in memory of his friend Mr. Zier, whom he calls “an indefatigable botanist, but whose labours generally gained celebrity under another name than his own.” Were celebrity only to be gained by real merit, many of the high-sounding names that now swell the trump of fame would, we fear, have far less pretensions than Zier. The Zieria Smithii was communicated last April by A. B. Lambert, esq. from his collection, and we have seen dried specimens of four other species preserved in his Herbarium, all (like the present) natives of New Holland, and agreeing in their shrubby nature, opposite branches, ternate leaves, and axillary bunches of flowers. None of the species have before been published.
The Zieria Smithii is a small warty shrub with opposite branches and leaves that consist of three lance-shaped leaflets, rough with clear dots that likely secrete oil, as the crushed leaves have a strong fragrance. A few tiny scattered hairs are barely visible on their upper surface. The flower clusters rise from the leaf axils and often extend longer than the leaves, branching in the same opposite manner as the stem, with slender bracts at the divisions. The cups are very short, finely hairy, and dotted like the leaves. The petals are wide and pointed, with a slight purple tint on the outside. This genus was established by Dr. Smith in the fourth volume of the Linnean Society's Transactions, named in memory of his friend Mr. Zier, who he describes as “an indefatigable botanist, but whose efforts often gained recognition under another name.” If true merit were the only way to achieve fame, many of the prominent names celebrated today would likely have far less claim than Zier. The Zieria Smithii was shared last April by A. B. Lambert, Esq. from his collection, and we have seen dried specimens of four other species preserved in his Herbarium, all (like this one) native to New Holland, and sharing their shrubby nature, opposite branches, ternate leaves, and axillary flower clusters. None of these species have been published before.
PLATE DCVII.
CLERODENDRUM TOMENTOSUM.
Downy Clerodendrum.
CLASS XII. ORDER II.
CLASS 12. ORDER 2.
DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. Two Chives longer. Seeds covered.
DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA. Two chives are longer. Seeds are covered.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Generic character.
Calyx campanulatus, quinquefidus. Corolla tubo elongato, limbo quinquepartito, æquali. Stamina exserta. Germen quadriloculare, loculis monospermis. Drupa tetrapyrena.
Calyx campanulatus, quinquefidus. The corolla has an elongated tube and a five-parted limb, all equal. The stamens are protruding. The ovary is four-lobed, with single-seeded compartments. The fruit is a four-seeded drupe.
Cup bell-shaped, five-cleft. Tube of the blossom elongated, with the limb equally five-parted. Stamens longer than the tube. Seed-bud four-celled, the cells one-seeded. Fruit a dry berry including four nuts.
Mug shaped like a bell, divided into five parts. The flower's tube is long, with the opening also having five divisions. The stamens are longer than the tube. The seed pod has four sections, each containing one seed. The fruit is a dry berry with four nuts inside.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Clerodendrum tomentosum, foliis ellipticis acutis integris calycibusque tomentosis; corymbis congestis.—Brown. Prodromus Floræ Novæ Hollandiæ et Insulæ Van Diemen, vol. 1. p. 510.
Clerodendrum tomentosum, with pointed, whole elliptical leaves and fuzzy calyces; with congested corymbs.—Brown. Prodromus Floræ Novæ Hollandiæ et Insulæ Van Diemen, vol. 1. p. 510.
Downy Clerodendrum with elliptic acute entire leaves downy as well as the cups; corymbs crowded.
Soft Clerodendrum has smooth, pointed leaves that are soft to the touch, just like the flower cups; the flower clusters are dense.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
A flower bloomed. 3. Seed bud and pistil.
A ripe fruit.
The Clerodendrum tomentosum is found naturally growing about Port Jackson and some other parts of the eastern and northern coasts of New Holland, according to Mr. Brown’s Prodromus of the Flora of that country, just published. This long expected and interesting work contains descriptions of about two thousand plants, (of which, scarcely a third part have before been published) in the first volume, and the second is now in the press.
The Clerodendrum tomentosum grows naturally around Port Jackson and other areas on the eastern and northern coasts of Australia, according to Mr. Brown’s recently published Prodromus of the Flora of that region. This long-awaited and fascinating work includes descriptions of around two thousand plants, with barely a third of those having been published before, in the first volume, and the second volume is currently being printed.
Although the Clerodendrum tomentosum has been in England above ten years, no figure of it has before been given in this country. All the plants which we have seen of it form erect shrubs from four to six feet in height. The time of blossoming is March and April. We have been favoured with specimens in blossom from the botanic garden of the Company of Apothecaries at Chelsea, and with the ripe fruit from Sir Abraham Hume’s collection at Wormley-bury, but are uncertain who first introduced it.
Although the Clerodendrum tomentosum has been in England for over ten years, no illustration of it has been published in this country before. All the plants we've observed develop into upright shrubs that reach four to six feet tall. It blooms in March and April. We've been fortunate to receive flowering specimens from the botanic garden of the Company of Apothecaries in Chelsea, along with ripe fruit from Sir Abraham Hume’s collection at Wormleybury, but we are unsure who first introduced it.
PLATE DCVIII.
CITRUS NOBILIS.
Clementine.
CLASS XVIII. ORDER III.
CLASS 18. ORDER 3.
POLYADELPHIA ICOSANDRIA. Many Sets of Chives. Threads from the Calyx or Receptacle.
POLYADELPHIA ICOSANDRIA. Many Sets of Chives. Threads from the Calyx or Receptacle.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
Generic character.
Calyx 5-dendatus. Corolla 5-petala. Stamina 20 in cylindrum passim connata. Stylus 1. Bacca 9-12-locularis, pulpâ vesiculari.
Calyx 5-dendatus. Flower with 5 petals. 20 stamens joined in a cylindrical shape. 1 style. Berry with 9-12 chambers, with a spongy pulp.
Cup five-toothed. Petals five. Stamens about twenty, generally united at the base. Shaft 1. Fruit 9-to 12-celled, the pulp variously divided.
Mug with five teeth. Five petals. About twenty stamens, usually joined at the base. Shaft 1. Fruit with 9 to 12 cells, the pulp divided in different ways.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Citrus petiolis sublinearibus, fructu latescente depresso.
Citrus petioles sublinear, fruit broad and flat.
Citrus with nearly linear leafstalks; the fruit broad depressed.
Citrus fruits with almost straight leaf stems; the fruit is wide and flat.
Citrus nobilis, inermis, ramis adscendentibus: petiolis strictis, fructu tuberculoso subcompresso.—Lour. Flor. Cochinchin. 2. p. 569?
Citrus fruits nobilis, without thorns, with upright branches: petioles are narrow, and the fruit is bumpy and flattened.—Lour. Flor. Cochinchin. 2. p. 569?
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
Chives and pointal.
3. The chives opened up, with a tip enlarged.
4. Seed bud and pistil.
5. A horizontal slice of the fruit.
The drawing of this remarkable Orange, which has so long been a desideratum in this country, was taken at Wormley-bury in the beginning of last May. The plant is a native of China, and Mr. Barrow informs us, that he found the fruit very common when on his travels in that country, and in much higher estimation than the common Orange by the Chinese, who call it Mandarin Orange (answering nearly to the English epithet of noble) by way of pre-eminence. The same gentleman also informs us, that he found some fine trees of it in the gardens at the Cape of Good Hope; it is therefore the more singular that it has been so long in reaching this country. From Loureiro’s description of his Citrus nobilis, there can be little doubt of its being intended for the Mandarin Orange; which, he informs us, grows to a moderately sized tree, and particularly notices the superior excellence and the depression of the fruit, whose common size is about five inches across. The plant at Sir Abraham Hume’s is as yet only about five feet in height, and was imported from Canton in 1805.
The drawing of this remarkable Orange, which has been sought after in this country for so long, was made at Wormley-bury in early May. The plant is native to China, and Mr. Barrow tells us that he found the fruit to be quite common during his travels in that country, and that the Chinese hold it in much higher regard than the regular Orange, calling it Mandarin Orange (which is similar to the English term for noble) to highlight its superiority. Mr. Barrow also mentions that he discovered some fine trees of this variety in the gardens at the Cape of Good Hope; it's particularly odd that it has taken so long to reach this country. From Loureiro’s description of his Citrus nobilis, it seems clear that he was referring to the Mandarin Orange; he states that it grows into a moderately sized tree and specifically points out the fruit's notable quality and its shape, which typically measures about five inches across. The plant at Sir Abraham Hume’s is currently only about five feet tall and was imported from Canton in 1805.
It is easily distinguished from the common Orange, both by its curious form and internal structure, the pulp adhering so loosely to the rind as to be separable from it by the slightest effort, and leaving in many places a considerable opening between them.
It is easily recognizable from the regular Orange, both by its unique shape and internal structure. The pulp clings so loosely to the peel that it can be separated with minimal effort, often creating a noticeable gap between the two.
INDEX
TO THE PLANTS CONTAINED IN VOL. IX.
| Plate | 553 | Lobelia assurgens | Assurgent Lobelia | H. H. | Shrub. | July. |
| 554 | Volkameria angustifolia | Narrow-leaved Volkameria | H. H. | Shrub. | August. | |
| 555 | Zingiber Cliffordiæ | Cliffordian Zingiber | H. H. | Shrub. | September. | |
| 556 | Pancratium amœnum | Broad-leaved Pancratium | H. H. | Bulb. | March. | |
| 557 | Periploca Africana | African Periploca | G. H. | Shrub. | Sum. & autumn. | |
| 558 | Ferula Persica | Persian Ferula | Har. | Shrub. | October. | |
| 559 | Camellia Japonica, semi-duplex | Semi-double-flowered Camellia | G. H. | Shrub. | February. | |
| 560 | Verea acutiflora | Pointed-flowered Verea | H. H. | Shrub. | December. | |
| 561 | Xeranthemum fragrans | Fragrant Xeranthemum | G. H. | Shrub. | August. | |
| 562 | Cynanchum bicolor | Two-coloured Cynanchum | H. H. | Shrub. | August. | |
| 563 | Mimosa elegans | Elegant Mimosa | H. H. | Shrub. | March. | |
| 564 | Ixia curta | Short Ixia | G. H. | Bulb. | April. | |
| 565 | Ruta linifolia | Flax-leaved Ruta | Har. | Herb. | Sep. & October. | |
| 566 | Callicoma serratifolia | Sawed-leaved Callicoma | G. H. | Shrub. | March. | |
| 567 | Ceratonia siliqua | Pod-bearing Ceratonia | G. H. | Shrub. | February. | |
| 568 | Liparia sphærica | Round-headed Liparia | G. H. | Shrub. | August. | |
| 569 | Ceanothus laniger | Woolly Ceanothus | G. H. | Shrub. | April. | |
| 570 | Justicia nitida | Shining-leaved Justicia | H. H. | Shrub. | August. | |
| 571 | Sida patens | Spreading Sida | H. H. | Ann. | September. | |
| 572 | Protea saligna | Willow-leaved Protea | G. H. | Shrub. | August. | |
| 573 | Magnolia auriculata | Ear-leaved Magnolia | Har. | Shrub. | May. | |
| 574 | Pultenæa obcordata | Inversely Heart-leaved Pultenæa | G. H. | Shrub. | March. | |
| 575 | Martynia diandra | Diandrous Martynia | H. H. | Ann. | November. | |
| 576 | Lithospermum Tinctorium | Dyers’ Bugloss | Har. | Herb. | May. | |
| 577 | Protea virgata | Twiggy Protea | G. H. | Shrub. | August. | |
| 578 | Ægiphila diffusa | Spreading Ægiphila | H. H. | Shrub. | August. | |
| 579 | Cratægus Azarolus | The Azarole | Har. | Tree. | May. | |
| 580 | Mesembyanthemum acinaciforme | Scimitar-leaved Mesembryanthemum | G. H. | Shrub. | August. | |
| 581 | Salix violacea | Violet-coloured Willow | Har. | Tree. | April. | |
| 582 | Protea mellifera albiflora | White-flowered Honey-bearing Protea | G. H. | Shrub. | August. | |
| 583 | Lonicera Japonica | Japanese Woodbine | G. H. | Shrub. | July. | |
| 584 | Phlomis Samia | Samian Phlomis | Har. | Herb. | July. | |
| 585 | Sophora Japonica | Japanese Sophora | Har. | Tree. | Autumn. | |
| 586 | Lilium speciosum | Showy Lily | Har. | Bulb. | All Summer. | |
| 587 | Corchorus Japonicus, flore pleno | Japanese Corchorus with double Flowers | G. H. | Shrub. | Spring & summer. | |
| 588 | Sida hastata | Halberd-leaved Sida | H. H. | Ann. | September. | |
| 589 | Gladiolus angustus, minor | Small Narrow-leaved Cornflag | G. H. | Herb. | August. | |
| 590 | Mespilus odoratissima | Sweet-scented Mespilus | Har. | Tree. | September. | |
| 591 | Mespilus tanacetifolia | Tansy-leaved Medlar | Har. | Tree. | September. | |
| 592 | Mimosa grandiflora | Great-flowered Mimosa | H. H. | Shrub. | July & August. | |
| 593 | Crotalaria tetragona | Four-sided Crotalaria | G. H. | Shrub. | November. | |
| 594 | Plectranthus barbatus | Bearded Plectranthus | H. H. | Ann. | November. | |
| 595 | Panax fruticosum | Shrubby Panax | H. H. | Shrub. | January. | |
| 596 | Laurus Cinnamomum | Cinnamon Tree | H. H. | Tree. | February. | |
| 597 | Tropæolum peregrinum | The Little Bird Plant | H. H. | Ann. | November. | |
| 598 | Bæckia virgata | Twiggy Bæckia | G. H. | Shrub. | October. | |
| 599 | Chamærops humilis | Dwarf Fan Palm | H. H. | Shrub. | March. | |
| 600 | Gærtnera racemosa | Racemed Gærtnera | H. H. | Shrub. | March. | |
| 601 | Crotalaria pulchra | Fair Crotalaria | G. H. | Shrub. | March. | |
| 602 | Glycine Comptoniana | Comptonian Glycine | G. H. | Shrub. | April. | |
| 603 | Commersonia dasyphylla | Hairy-leaved Commersonia | H. H. | Shrub. | April. | |
| 604 | Malpighia polystachia | Branching Malpighia | H. H. | Shrub. | April. | |
| 605 | Peliosanthes Teta | Bengal Peliosanthes or Teta | H. H. | Shrub. | May. | |
| 606 | Zieria Smithii | Smithian Zieria | G. H. | Shrub. | May. | |
| 607 | Clerodendrum tomentosum | Downy Clerodendrum | G. H. | Shrub. | March & April. | |
| 608 | Citrus nobilis | Mandarin Orange | H. H. | Shrub. | May. |
Plate 586 for Lilium speciosum, read Lilium tigrinum, a perfectly new species, distinct from the references given in the
description.
587 In reference to the plate, instead of pointals, read empalement and pointals.
Plate 586 for Lilium speciosum should be read as Lilium tigrinum, a completely new species, different from the references provided in the
description.
587 In reference to the plate, instead of pointals, read empalement and pointals.
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